1.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
New York City
–
Clockwise, from top:
Midtown Manhattan,
Times Square, the
Unisphere in
Queens, the
Brooklyn Bridge,
Lower Manhattan with
One World Trade Center,
Central Park, the
headquarters of the United Nations, and the
Statue of Liberty
New York City
–
New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual
Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year
England took control and renamed it "New York".
New York City
–
The
Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the
American Revolution, took place in
Brooklyn in 1776.
New York City
–
Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.
2.
New York (state)
–
New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
New York (state)
–
British general
John Burgoyne surrenders at
Saratoga in 1777.
New York (state)
–
Flag
New York (state)
–
1800 map of New York from
Low's Encyclopaedia
New York (state)
–
The
Erie Canal at
Lockport, New York in 1839
3.
Alcohol by volume
–
Alcohol by volume is a standard measure of how much alcohol is contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage. It is defined as the number of millilitres of pure ethanol present in 100 millilitres of solution at 20 °C, the number of millilitres of pure ethanol is the mass of the ethanol divided by its density at 20 °C, which is 0.78924 g/ml. The ABV standard is used worldwide, the International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures. In some countries, such as the U. K and France, alcohol by volume is referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac and this results in the slight difference in marked % noted later in this article. Mixing two solutions of alcohol of different strengths usually causes a change in volume, mixing pure water with a solution less than 24% by mass causes a slight increase in total volume, whereas the mixing of two solutions above 24% causes a decrease in volume. The phenomenon of volume due to mixing dissimilar solutions is called partial molar volume. Details about typical amounts of alcohol contained in various beverages can be found in the articles about them. Another way of specifying the amount of alcohol is alcohol proof, for example, 40% abv is 80 proof in the US and 70 proof in the UK. However, since 1980, alcohol proof in the UK has been replaced by abv as a measure of alcohol content, in the United States, a few states regulate and tax alcoholic beverages according to alcohol by weight, expressed as a percentage of total mass. Some brewers print the ABW on beer containers, particularly on low-point versions of domestic beer brands. However, because of the miscibility of alcohol and water, the factor is not constant. 100% ABW, of course, is equivalent to 100% ABV, during the production of wine and beer, yeast is added to a sugary solution. During fermentation, the yeasts consume the sugars and produce alcohol, the density of sugar in water is greater than the density of alcohol in water. A hydrometer is used to measure the change in gravity of the solution before. The volume of alcohol in the solution can then be estimated, there are a number of empirical formulae which brewers and winemakers use to estimate the alcohol content of the liquor made. The simplest method for wine has been described by English author C. J. J, the number 0.7936 is the specific gravity of a 100% ethanol solution. The difference between the starting SG and the final SG measures the specific gravity lost to CO2 release
Alcohol by volume
–
The alcohol by volume shown on a bottle of
absinthe.
4.
American-style lager
–
Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries. The United States produced 196 million barrels of beer in 2012, in 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China. After the repeal of Prohibition, the industry consolidated into a number of large-scale breweries. The most common style of beer produced by the big breweries is American lager, Beer styles indigenous in the United States include amber ale, cream ale, and California common. More recent craft styles include American Pale Ale, American IPA, India Pale Lager, Black IPA, native American tribes brewed beer in the lands of the United States prior to European arrival, but didnt use barley. One recipe was composed of maize, birch sap and water, on February 5,1663 Nicholas Varlett obtained from Peter Stuyvesant a patent for a brewery on Castle Point in Hoboken, New Jersey. The brewing traditions of England and the Netherlands ensured that colonial drinking would be dominated by beer rather than wine, until the middle of the 19th century, British-style ales dominated American brewing. This changed when the longer shelf-life lager styles brought by German immigrants turned out to be profitable for large-scale manufacturing and shipping. The hops in lager had preservative qualities, while non-hopped local ales of the time quickly turned sour and were a risk to drink. Steam beer, the first uniquely American beer style, evolved in the San Francisco area during the 19th century and it was born out of the desire to produce lager beer without the use of refrigeration. After prohibition ended, the Anchor Brewing Company was left as the producer of steam beer. The company was near closure in 1965, whereupon Fritz Maytag, great-grandson of the Maytag Corporation founder, rescued the brewery, Anchor has since trademarked the term Steam Beer and all subsequent renditions of the style are now termed California common. Headquartered in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, it is currently the largest American-owned brewery, one of the earliest large-scale brewers was Best Brewing, a Milwaukee brewery built by German immigrant Phillip Best in the 1840s. It began shipping its beer to Chicago and St. Louis the following decade, first by ferry and eventually by rail, the Weston Brewing Company was first established in 1842 by German immigrant John Georgian. Georgian brought the tradition of brewing with him when he settled in Weston. In creating the brewery, the Weston Brewing Company became one of the first lager breweries in the United States, in St. Louis, a prosperous German soap maker, Eberhard Anheuser, purchased a struggling brewery in 1860. His daughter married a brewery supplier, Adolphus Busch, who took over the company after his father-in-laws death, Busch soon toured Europe, discovering the success of Bohemian lager, and introduced Budweiser beer in 1876. Anheuser-Busch, and its Budweiser beer, would go on to be the largest brewery, the company innovated the use of refrigeration in rail cars to transport its beers, which helped make bottled Budweiser the first national beer brand in the United States
American-style lager
–
Modern
American pale ale made by
Sierra Nevada
American-style lager
–
Bottles of a
craft brewed black lager and a
mass produced malt liquor
American-style lager
–
Best Brewing Co., Virginia Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, circa 1885
American-style lager
–
Detroit Police discover an underground brewery during Prohibition
5.
Beer
–
Beer is the worlds oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drink, it is the third most popular drink overall, after water and tea. Most beer is flavoured with hops, which add bitterness and act as a natural preservative, the fermentation process causes a natural carbonation effect, although this is often removed during processing, and replaced with forced carbonation. Beer is sold in bottles and cans, it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs, the brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer is usually around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume, archaeologists speculate that beer was instrumental in the formation of civilisations. Approximately 5000 years ago, workers in the city of Uruk were paid by their employers in beer, the earliest known chemical evidence of barley beer dates to circa 3500–3100 BC from the site of Godin Tepe in the Zagros Mountains of western Iran. The Ebla tablets, discovered in 1974 in Ebla, Syria, a fermented beverage using rice and fruit was made in China around 7000 BC. Unlike sake, mould was not used to saccharify the rice, almost any substance containing sugar can naturally undergo alcoholic fermentation. It is likely that many cultures, on observing that a liquid could be obtained from a source of starch. Bread and beer increased prosperity to a level that allowed time for development of other technologies, Beer was spread through Europe by Germanic and Celtic tribes as far back as 3000 BC, and it was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. The product that the early Europeans drank might not be recognised as beer by most people today, alongside the basic starch source, the early European beers might contain fruits, honey, numerous types of plants, spices and other substances such as narcotic herbs. What they did not contain was hops, as that was an addition, first mentioned in Europe around 822 by a Carolingian Abbot. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sold on a scale, although by the 7th century AD, beer was also being produced. During the Industrial Revolution, the production of beer moved from artisanal manufacture to industrial manufacture, the development of hydrometers and thermometers changed brewing by allowing the brewer more control of the process and greater knowledge of the results. Today, the industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies. As of 2006, more than 133 billion litres, the equivalent of a cube 510 metres on a side, of beer are sold per year, the process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, a company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a scale for non-commercial reasons is classified as homebrewing regardless of where it is made. Brewing beer is subject to legislation and taxation in developed countries, however, the UK government relaxed legislation in 1963, followed by Australia in 1972 and the US in 1978, allowing homebrewing to become a popular hobby
Beer
–
Schlenkerla Rauchbier being poured from a
cask
Beer
–
François Jaques: Peasants Enjoying Beer at Pub in Fribourg (Switz.) – (1923)
Beer
–
Egyptian wooden model of beer making in ancient Egypt,
Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum,
San Jose, California
Beer
–
William Hogarth, Beer Street, 1751.
Brooklyn Museum
6.
Fogelsville, Pennsylvania
–
Fogelsville is a village in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is a suburb of Allentown, in Upper Macungie Township, Fogelsville is named after Judge John Fogel, who built the first building in the area, a hotel, in 1798. Fogelsville surrounds a number of industrial parks and corporate centers. The town is known as a regional trucking hub. Major roads servicing Fogelsville include Interstate 78 and Pennsylvania Route 100 and these two roads intersect in a cloverleaf, which is one of the busiest in the western Lehigh Valley. Downtown is located at approximately 40° 34′59. 45″ N, the 1990 census reported a population of 900, although a more recent estimate places the population at about 3200. Fogelsville was once the terminus of the Catasauqua and Fogelsville Railroad, Fogelsville was the former home to Penn State Lehigh Valley, a satellite campus of Penn State University. Founded in 1912, it is the oldest of all of Penn States satellite campuses, Fogelsville is the location of Minority Health Care Communications, Inc, founded in 2002. MHCC Inc. is the organization of The National Conference on African-Americans and AIDS, National Conference on Latinos and AIDS. One of the six Yoccos Hot Dogs restaurants, the Lehigh Valley-based fast food establishment known for their hot dogs and cheesesteaks, is located in Fogelsville, the original Yoccos, founded in 1922, is located in center city Allentown, on West Liberty Street. History of Upper Macungie at LehighCounty. org, Penn State Lehigh Valley Official Web Site
Fogelsville, Pennsylvania
7.
Stroh Brewery Company
–
The Stroh Brewery Company was a beer brewery located in Detroit, Michigan. The company was taken over and broken up in 2000, the Strohs brand is currently owned and marketed by Pabst Brewing Company, except in Canada where the Stroh brands are owned by Sleeman Breweries. The Stroh family began brewing beer in an inn during the 18th century in Kirn. In 1849, during the German Revolution, Bernhard Stroh, who had learned the trade from his father. In 1865, he purchased land and expanded his business and adopted the heraldic lion emblem from the Kyrburg Castle in Germany. Bernhard Strohs original beer selling operation consisted of a basement brewing operation and was then sold door-to-door in a wheelbarrow, the new beer sold door-to-door was a lighter-lager beer, brewed in copper kettles. Bernhard Stroh Jr. took charge of the brewery on the death of his father and he changed the brewerys name to the B. With the introduction of pasteurization and refrigerated cars, Stroh was able to ship some of his beer as far as Florida. In 1893 Stroh Bohemian Beer won a ribbon at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The companys name was changed to The Stroh Brewery Company in 1902, in 1908, Bernhard Strohs brother Julius Stroh took over the brewery. After a tour of famous European breweries, he introduced the European fire-brewing method in the Stroh brewery, common in Europe before World War I, the fire-brewing process uses a direct flame rather than steam to heat beer-filled copper kettles. The company claims that the higher temperatures bring out more of the beers flavor. During Prohibition, Julius Stroh operated the business under the name The Stroh Products Company, producing beer, birch beer, soft drinks, malt products, ice cream. Though production of most of these ceased when Prohibition ended in 1933. Upon Julius Strohs death in 1939, his son Gari Stroh assumed the presidency, garis brother John succeeded him in 1950 and became Strohs chairman in 1967. Garis son Peter, who had joined the following his graduation from Princeton University in 1951. In 1964, the company made its first move toward expansion when it bought the Goebel Brewing Company, the company had decided it could no longer compete as a local brewer and was about to move into the national scene. One reason was a statewide strike in 1958 that halted Michigan beer production
Stroh Brewery Company
–
Stroh Brewery Company
Stroh Brewery Company
–
The original Stroh brewery at right, with the Stroh family home in foreground. Circa 1864.
Stroh Brewery Company
–
Stroh's head office used to be located at
Grand Park Centre near
Grand Circus Park and Woodward Avenue.
Stroh Brewery Company
–
A modern Stroh's 12 U.S. fl oz (355 mL; 12.5 imp fl oz) bottle.
8.
Pabst Brewing Company
–
The Pabst Brewing Company is an American company that dates its origins to a brewing company founded in 1844 by Jacob Best and by 1889 named after Frederick Pabst. The company is responsible for the brewing of Ice Man Malt Liquor, St. Ides High Gravity Malt Liquor. Pabst is headquartered in Los Angeles, California, on November 13,2014, Pabst announced that it had completed its sale to Blue Ribbon Intermediate Holdings, LLC. Blue Ribbon is a partnership between Russian-American beer entrepreneur Eugene Kashper and TSG Consumer Partners, a San Francisco–based private equity firm, prior reports suggested the price agreed upon was around $700 million. The original brewery was founded in 1844 as The Empire Brewery, later Best and Company, the brewery was run by Jacob, Sr. and his sons Phillip, Charles, Jacob, Jr. and Lorenz, Phillip took control of the company in 1860. They started the brewery on Chestnut Street Hill in Milwaukee with a capacity of 18 barrels, by 1874 Phillip Best Brewing Co. was the nations largest brewer. In 1866, Bests other daughter Lisette married Emil Schandein, and Best sold the half of the business to her husband, making Frederick Pabst president. Schandein unexpectedly died in Germany and Lisette Schandein took over as vice-president of the company which she remained until 1894, during Prohibition, Pabst stopped making beer and switched to cheese production, selling more than 8 million pounds of Pabst-ett cheese. When Prohibition ended, the company went back to selling beer, Pabst was renowned in Milwaukee for its brewery tours. Visitors to Pabsts tour were rewarded with sometimes bottomless glasses of beer at its end-of-tour Sternewirt Pub, Pabsts sales reached a peak of 15.6 million barrels in 1978 and then went into steep decline. Paul Kalmanovitz, a beer and real-estate baron, purchased the Pabst Brewing company in 1985 for $63 million in a hostile takeover through the auspices of his holding company S&P Co. S&Ps first brewery was Maier Brewing Company, purchased in 1958, when Kalmanovitz died in 1987 S&P Co. became legally inseparable from the Kalmanovitz Charitable Trust. S&P Company was ordered by the IRS to sell the Pabst Brewing Company by 2005 or lose its not-for-profit, after a while, PBC claimed that they were unable to find a buyer at market value and requested an extension until 2010 that the IRS granted. In turn, the historic Pabst brewery in Milwaukee was closed, ending a 152-year association with the city, in 1999, Pabst purchased the Stroh label, and the brewery in La Crosse was sold to City Brewing Company. In 2001, production was contracted to Miller Brewing Company, in 2006, CEO Brian Kovalchuk resigned and the board replaced him with Kevin Kotecki. Kotecki swiftly moved the Pabst Brewing Company and its roughly 100 headquarters personnel to Woodridge, Illinois, the offices in Woodridge were located on historic US Route 66. Between 2005 and 2010, PBR brand volume increased 69 percent gross margins increased 48 percent, operating profit rose 81 percent, on May 26,2010, investor C. Dean Metropoulos reached a deal to purchase Pabst for about $250 million, on May 14,2011, it was announced that Pabst would be relocating to Los Angeles, California
Pabst Brewing Company
–
Pabst Brewing Company
Pabst Brewing Company
–
The former Pabst Brewery in
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Pabst Brewing Company
–
Pabst Malt Extract 1896
Pabst Brewing Company
–
Pabst Malt Extract 1897
9.
Diageo
–
Diageo plc is a British multinational alcoholic beverages company, with its headquarters in London, United Kingdom. It is the worlds largest producer of spirits and a producer of beer. Diageos brands include Smirnoff, Johnnie Walker, Baileys, and Guinness and it also owns 34% of Moët Hennessy, which owns brands including Moët & Chandon, Veuve Clicquot and Hennessy. It sells its products in over 180 countries and has offices in around 80 countries, Diageo has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE100 Index. It has a listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Diageo is a name that was created by the branding consultancy Wolff Olins in 1997. The name is composed of the Latin word dia, meaning day, and the Greek root geo, meaning world, Diageo was formed in 1997 from the merger of Guinness and Grand Metropolitan. The creation was driven by the executives Anthony Greener and Philip Yea at Guinness plus George Bull, Anthony Greener was the first executive chairman. Shares in Diageo began trading on the London Stock Exchange on 17 December 1997, Diageo owned Pillsbury until 2000 when it was sold to General Mills. In 2002, Diageo sold the Burger King fast food restaurant chain to a consortium led by US firm Texas Pacific for $1.5 billion, in February 2011 Diageo agreed to acquire the Turkish liquor company Mey Icki for US$2.1 billion. In May 2012, Diageo agreed to acquire Ypioca, the brand of premium cachaça in Brazil. This did not, however, involve retaining the original Johnnie Walker plant, in Kilmarnock, in November 2012 Diageo agreed to acquire a 53. 4% stake in the Indian spirits company United Spirits for £1.28 billion. In 2013 Diageo joined leading alcohol producers as part of a producers commitments to reducing harmful drinking, in November 2014 Diageo agreed to sell Bushmills Irish whiskey in exchange for $408 million and full ownership of tequila brand Don Julio. In October 2015, Diageo announced the sale of most of its business to Treasury Wine Estates. Other brands, such as Navarro Correas and Chalone Vineyard, were sold separately, in March 2016 the company sold Grand Marnier, a cognac and bitter orange-based liqueur, to Italian aperitif maker Campari Group. In February 2017, Diageo announced plans to open a Guinness brewery and tourist attraction Baltimore County, the brewery could potentially create 70 new jobs and host as many as 300,000 visitors per year. It also has a large distillery at Roseisle in Speyside. Furthermore, Diageo owns a 34% stake in the Moet Hennessy drinks division of French luxury goods company LVMH, Diageos head office is in Park Royal, London Borough of Brent, on a former Guinness brewery property
Diageo
–
A pint of
Guinness
Diageo
–
Diageo's Gimli Plant in
Gimli, Manitoba, Canada, the global supply plant for
Crown Royal
Diageo
–
Caol Ila distillery on the Isle of Islay, Scotland
Diageo
–
Sterling Vineyards in Napa Valley, California
10.
Boston Brewing Company
–
The Boston Beer Company is a brewer founded in 1984. Boston Beer Companys first brand of beer was named Samuel Adams after Founding Father Samuel Adams, the company launched Angry Orchard brand hard ciders in 2012. Based on sales in 2014, the Boston Beer Company is the second-largest craft brewery in the U. S, the Boston Beer Company was founded in 1984 by James Jim Koch and Rhonda Kallman. The initial beer offering was Samuel Adams Boston Lager, a 4. 8% abv amber or Vienna lager. Koch, the sixth-generation, first-born son to follow in his familys brewing footsteps, brewed his first batch of the beer in his kitchen, at the time, Koch was working at Boston Consulting Group after receiving BA, MBA and JD degrees from Harvard University. While serving in his role as a consultant at BCG. He invested $100,000 of his own money and raised funds from investors, family members. The company was organized as a limited liability partnership which prohibited most early investors from having active management roles in the company, however, one early investor, John B. Wing, held a seat until 2002. Koch named his beer after the Boston patriot Samuel Adams, who fought for American independence, six weeks later, Samuel Adams was voted Best Beer in America at the Great American Beer Festival, in which 93 national and regional beers competed. The beer was first put on tap at Doyles Cafe in Jamaica Plain, initially, Koch rented excess capacity and brewed the beer at the Pittsburgh Brewing Company, best known for their Iron City brand of beer. The Boston Beer Company also has a small R&D brewery located in Boston, Massachusetts, the brewery occupies part of the premises of the old Haffenreffer Brewery. In 1997, Jim Koch returned to his hometown of Cincinnati to purchase the Hudepohl-Schoenling Brewery and this was also an important step the company took to reduce reliance on contract brewing. The companys success occurred in conjunction with the U. S. craft beer movement, by 1995, some 500 independent breweries were producing specialty beers in the United States. That year, The Boston Beer Company went public, selling shares of Class A Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange, under the ticker symbol, SAM. These shares, however, have no voting rights, while the company is controlled through its Class B Common Stock, Boston Beer launched Hardcore Cider in 1997, and Twisted Tea brand in 2000. In 2007, the Boston Beer Company purchased the former F. & M. Schaefer Brewing Company brewery in Breinigsville, Pennsylvania, the brewery had been owned by Diageo North America, Inc. and used for the production of Smirnoff Ice malt beverages since 2001. By 2012, Samuel Adams was producing two-thirds of all its beer at the Breinigsville facility, in 2012 Boston Beer Company launched Angry Orchard hard cider company based in Cincinnati, Ohio
Boston Brewing Company
–
Brew kettles at the Samuel Adams Boston Brewery
Boston Brewing Company
–
Boston Beer Company (Samuel Adams)
Boston Brewing Company
–
A Samuel Adams Utopias beer bottle
11.
Flushing Meadows Park
–
Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, often referred to as Flushing Meadows Park, or simply Flushing Meadows, is a public park in New York City. Located in the borough of Queens, it is between I-678 and the Grand Central Parkway and stretches from Flushing Bay, at the edge of LaGuardia Airport. It formerly contained Shea Stadium, demolished in 2009, the fourth largest public park in New York City, it was created as the site of the 1939/1940 New York Worlds Fair and also hosted the 1964/1965 New York Worlds Fair. It was long believed to be 1,255 acres in size and this does not take into account a disputed claim, which entails that the neighborhood of Willets Point, at the north edge of the park, is part of the park. It is owned by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation and maintained by the Flushing Meadows–Corona Park Conservancy, the park is at the eastern edge of the area encompassed by Queens Community Board 4. The park is named after the neighborhoods of Flushing and Corona. The name Flushing is a corruption of the town of Vlissingen in the Netherlands. By the 19th century, the name associated with a cleansing by rushing water. Corona was added to the name in 1964, during at least three glacial periods, including the Wisconsin glaciation around 20,000 years ago, ice sheets advanced south across North America carving moraines, valleys, and hills. In particular, bays and estuaries were formed along the shore of Long Island. During glaciation, what is now Flushing Meadows Park was formed just north of the moraine that runs across Long Island. The moraine created a divide, with rivers north of the moraine such as the future Flushing River emptying into the north shore. The Flushing Meadows site became a lake, and then a salt marsh after the ice melted. Into the 19th Century, the continued to consist of wetlands straddling Flushing River. Species inhabiting the site included waterfowl and fiddler crab, with fish using water pools for spawning, the area was first settled by Algonquian Native Americans of Long Island. They consisted of the Canarsee and Rockaway Lenape groups, which inhabited costal wetlands across Queens, beginning in 1640, Dutch settlers moved into the area, establishing the Town of Newtown to the west of the site, and the Town of Flushing to the east. The area became known as the Corona Meadows, by 1666, the Native American population had been displaced from the Flushing Meadow site by European settlers, although a deed reserved the right to hunt on the land for the Native Americans. Several wealthy landowners began building farmhouses on the site in the mid-to-late 17th Century, the meadows provided numerous natural resources for settlers, including timber, water, fertile soil, and grass and hay for grazing domestic animals
Flushing Meadows Park
–
View of the New York State Pavilion and the Unisphere in July 2006.
Flushing Meadows Park
–
Aerial view of the Corona Ash Dumps, circa the early 1920s
Flushing Meadows Park
–
One of the sculptures at the park - "Free Form" by Jose De Rivera, cast in 1964.
Flushing Meadows Park
–
Another sculpture - "Freedom of the Human Spirit" by Marshall Fredericks, cast ca. 1964.
12.
Ebbets Field
–
Ebbets Field was a Major League Baseball stadium in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, New York City. It is known mainly as the home of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team of the National League, from 1913 to 1957, Ebbets Field was demolished in 1960 and replaced by apartment buildings. Ebbets Field was bounded by Bedford Avenue on the east, Sullivan Place on the South, Cedar Street on the west, and Montgomery Street on the north. The land included the site of a garbage dump called Pigtown, because of the pigs that once ate their fill there and the stench that filled the air. Construction began on March 4,1912, and the cornerstone, a piece of Connecticut granite that held newspapers, pictures of players, cards, telegrams. At the cornerstone laying ceremony, Ebbets said that the ballpark was going to be ready for play on September 1, when the park was opened, it was discovered that the flag, keys to the bleachers, and a press box had all been forgotten. The press box level was not added until 1929, the seating area was initially a double deck from past third base, around home plate, and all the way down the right side. There was an open, concrete bleacher stand extending the rest of the way down the base side to the outer wall. The right field wall was high due to the short foul line necessitated by the street immediately beyond it. The ballpark was built on a piece of ground. The right field wall made up the difference, as the right corner was above street level. The left field corner was below street level, and there was an incline or terrace running along the field wall. Ebbets Field was the scene of early successes, as the Robins. The seating area was expanded in the 1920s, a time for baseball when many ballparks were expanded. By the 1940s, a big scoreboard had been installed in right field, however, additional rows of seating across left field reduced that area by about 15 feet, to the delight of right-handed sluggers. The parks first night game was played on June 15,1938, johnny Vander Meer of the visiting Cincinnati Reds pitched his second consecutive no-hitter in that game, a feat that has never been duplicated in Major League Baseball. It was also in 1938 that Hilda Chester, one of the earlier sports superfans became a regular attendee when Larry MacPhail brought Ladies Days to Ebbets Field, after the early successes of the Dodgers, the team slid into hard times. The Dodgers won pennants in 1941,1947,1949,1952,1953,1955 and 1956, Ebbets Field also hosted the 1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
Ebbets Field
–
Ebbets Field
Ebbets Field
–
Ray Caldwell pitching in the first exhibition game at Ebbets Field, April 5, 1913. The dirt walkway visible between the mound and the plate disappeared after the 1910s.
Ebbets Field
–
Charles Ebbets' daughter throws out the first pitch, at an exhibition game on April 5, 1913.
Ebbets Field
–
Ebbets left field corner in 1920 World Series, with temporary bleachers sitting on the "terrace".
13.
Foxboro Stadium
–
Foxboro Stadium, originally Schaefer Stadium and later Sullivan Stadium, was an outdoor stadium located in Foxborough, Massachusetts, United States. The stadium was the site of several games in both the 1994 FIFA World Cup and the 1999 FIFA Womens World Cup, Foxboro Stadium was demolished in 2002 and replaced by Gillette Stadium and the Patriot Place shopping center. The stadium opened in August 1971 as Schaefer Stadium, primarily as the venue for the renamed New England Patriots of the National Football League. The team was known as the Boston Patriots for its first eleven seasons 1960–70, for six seasons, 1963–1968, the Patriots played in Fenway Park, home of baseballs Boston Red Sox. Like most baseball stadiums, Fenway was poorly suited as a football venue and its seating capacity was inadequate—only about 40,000 for football—and many seats had obstructed views. The Boston Patriots played the 1969 season at Alumni Stadium at Boston College in Chestnut Hill, the site was selected when the owners of Bay State Raceway donated the land, midway between Boston and Providence, Rhode Island. The general contractor who built the stadium was a Massachusetts-based company named J. F White Contracting Co, ground was broken in September 1970. It cost $7.1 million —only $200,000 over budget, even allowing for this modest cost overrun, it was still a bargain price for a major sports stadium even by 1970s standards. The original field was Poly-Turf, succeeded by AstroTurf, a natural grass field was installed before the start of the 1991 season. The original name in 1971 was Schaefer Stadium for the brewery of that name in an example of the sale of naming rights. When this agreement expired in 1983, Anheuser-Busch took over the rights, instead of putting the name of one of its brands of beer on the stadium, Anheuser-Busch agreed to name it Sullivan Stadium in honor of the Sullivan family, majority owners of the Patriots. After the family sold their majority interest in the team to Victor Kiam, although the official spelling of the towns name is Foxborough, the shorter spelling was used for the stadium. The venue hosted numerous significant soccer matches, including six games in the 1994 FIFA World Cup, Sullivan Stadium hosted The Whos 25th anniversary tour on July 12 and 14,1989. Metallica and Guns N Roses brought the Guns N Roses/Metallica Stadium Tour to the stadium on September 11,1992, madonna performed her Whos That Girl tour there on July 9,1987, to a sell-out crowd. Bob Dylan and the Grateful Dead recorded a portion of their live album, entitled Dylan & the Dead. Pink Floyd played a two-night stand in May 1988 and they also played a three-night sold-out stand in May 1994 on their The Division Bell Tour which was recorded and readily available on bootleg. The Dave Matthews Band played seven shows at the stadium from 1998 to 2001, the Rolling Stones played three nights on September 27 and 29 and October 1,1989, and on September 4 and 5,1994. Additionally, in 1994, the Drum Corps International World Championships were held in the stadium, by the late 1990s, Foxboro Stadium had become functionally obsolete by modern NFL standards
Foxboro Stadium
–
Foxboro Stadium
Foxboro Stadium
14.
New England Patriots
–
The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston region. The Patriots compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues American Football Conference East division. The Patriots are also headquartered at Gillette Stadium, an original member of the American Football League, the Patriots joined the NFL in the 1970 merger of the two leagues. The team changed its name from the original Boston Patriots after relocating to Foxborough in 1971, the Patriots played their home games at Foxboro Stadium from 1971 to 2001, then moved to Gillette Stadium at the start of the 2002 season. The Patriots rivalry with the New York Jets is considered one of the most bitter rivalries in the NFL. The Patriots have appeared in the Super Bowl nine times in franchise history, the Patriots have since become one of the most successful teams in NFL history, winning 14 AFC East titles in 16 seasons since 2001, without a losing season in that period. The team owns the record for most Super Bowls reached and won by a head coach–quarterback tandem, the Patriots are tied with the 49ers and Cowboys for the second most Super Bowl wins with five. The Steelers are in front with six, however, the Patriots are the only team to win five Super Bowls with the same coach and quarterback. On November 16,1959, Boston business executive Billy Sullivan was awarded the eighth, the following winter, locals were allowed to submit ideas for the Boston football teams official name. The most popular choice – and the one that Sullivan selected – was the Boston Patriots, immediately thereafter, artist Phil Bissell of The Boston Globe developed the Pat Patriot logo. The Patriots struggled for most of their years in the AFL, nickerson Field, Harvard Stadium, Fenway Park, and Alumni Stadium all served as home fields during their time in the American Football League. They played in only one AFL championship game, following the 1963 season and they did not appear again in an AFL or NFL post-season game for another 13 years. When the NFL and AFL merged in 1970, the Patriots were placed in the American Football Conference East division, the following year, the Patriots moved to a new stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, which would serve as their home for the next 30 years. As a result of the move, they announced they would change their name from the Boston Patriots to the Bay State Patriots, the name was rejected by the NFL and on March 22,1971, the team officially announced they would change its geographic name to New England. During the 1970s, the Patriots had some success, earning a berth to the playoffs in 1976—as a wild card team—and in 1978—as AFC East champions and they lost in the first round both times. In 1985, they returned to the playoffs, and made it all the way to Super Bowl XX, following their Super Bowl loss, they returned to the playoffs in 1986, but lost in the first round. The team would not make the playoffs again for eight more years, during the 1990 season, the Patriots went 1–15. They changed ownership three times in the ensuing 14 years, being purchased from the Sullivan family first by Victor Kiam in 1988, who sold the team to James Orthwein in 1992
New England Patriots
–
Patriot fans rally in front of Boston City Hall following the
Super Bowl XXXVIII championship
New England Patriots
New England Patriots
–
Sam "Bam" Cunningham is the franchise's all-time leading rusher
New England Patriots
–
Super Bowl banners at
Gillette Stadium as of 2014
15.
Naming rights
–
For properties like a multi-purpose arena, performing arts venue or an athletic field, the term ranges from three to 20 years. Longer terms are common for higher profile venues such as a professional sports facility. The distinctive characteristic for this type of naming rights is that the buyer gets a marketing property to promote products and services, there are several forms of corporate sponsored names. A presenting sponsor attaches the name of the corporation or brand at the end of a generic, usually traditional, a title sponsor replaces the original name of the property with a corporate-sponsored one, with no reference to the previous name. In a few cases, naming rights contracts have been terminated prematurely, such terminations may be the result of contractual options, sponsor bankruptcy, or scandals. Stadium naming may have shifted in recent years to promoting corporate trade names, the record for the highest amount paid for naming rights belongs to Citi Field and Barclays Center, both located in New York City, US. Each garnered deals of $20 million per year for at least 20 years and it ultimately fell short of that benchmark, with MetLife Stadium earning $17 million annually from its naming rights deal with MetLife. Naming rights in United States may have traced back to 1912 with the opening of Fenway Park in Boston. The stadiums owner had owned a realty company called Fenway Realty, despite this, it is more widely believed to have begun in 1926 when William Wrigley, the chewing gum magnate and owner of the Chicago Cubs, named his teams stadium Wrigley Field. In 1953, Anheuser-Busch head and St. Louis Cardinals owner August Busch, Jr. proposed renaming Sportsmans Park, occupied by the Cardinals, Budweiser Stadium. When this idea was rejected by Ford Frick, the Commissioner of Baseball at that time, the name was readily approved, and Anheuser-Busch subsequently released a new product called Busch Bavarian Beer. The name would later be shifted to the Busch Memorial Stadium in 1966, shortened in the 1970s to Busch Stadium, the public reaction to this practice is mixed. Selling the naming rights to a venue has been notably less successful. The general public continued to call the facility what it had known as for over three decades–i. e. After the agreement with 3Com expired, the rights were resold to Monster Cable, the initiative proved largely ceremonial, however, and it was overturned by the passage of Proposition C in 2009 in response to desperate economic times. The naming rights to the park were never resold and the closed in 2014. Sports stadiums with naming rights deals are not limited to the United States, in cricket, the most famous example is The Oval, home of Surrey County Cricket Club. It has had several sponsors over the years, and is known as The Kia Oval, having originally been known as the Kennington Oval
Naming rights
–
Delta Air Lines held the naming rights to the main indoor arena in
Salt Lake City from 1991 to 2006.
Naming rights
–
The same arena was renamed
EnergySolutions Arena in late 2006. Temporary signage covered up the previous Delta Center
logo after the new naming rights sponsor was announced.
16.
Puerto Rico
–
Puerto Rico, officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea. It is an archipelago that includes the island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller ones such as Mona, Culebra. The capital and most populous city is San Juan and its official languages are Spanish and English, though Spanish predominates. The islands population is approximately 3.4 million, Puerto Ricos rich history, tropical climate, diverse natural scenery, renowned traditional cuisine, and attractive tax incentives make it a popular destination for travelers from around the world. Four centuries of Spanish colonial government transformed the ethnic, cultural and physical landscapes primarily with waves of African captives, and Canarian. In the Spanish imperial imagination, Puerto Rico played a secondary, in 1898, following the Spanish–American War, the United States appropriated Puerto Rico together with most former Spanish colonies under the terms of the Treaty of Paris. Puerto Ricans are natural-born citizens of the United States, however, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the United States Congress, which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950. As a U. S. territory, American citizens residing on the island are disenfranchised at the level and may not vote for president. However, Congress approved a constitution, allowing U. S. citizens on the territory to elect a governor. A fifth referendum will be held in June 2017, with only Statehood, in early 2017, the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis posed serious problems for the government. The outstanding bond debt that had climbed to $70 billion or $12,000 per capita at a time with 12. 4% unemployment, the debt had been increasing during a decade long recession. Puerto Ricans often call the island Borinquen – a derivation of Borikén, its indigenous Taíno name, the terms boricua and borincano derive from Borikén and Borinquen respectively, and are commonly used to identify someone of Puerto Rican heritage. The island is also known in Spanish as la isla del encanto. Columbus named the island San Juan Bautista, in honor of Saint John the Baptist, eventually traders and other maritime visitors came to refer to the entire island as Puerto Rico, while San Juan became the name used for the main trading/shipping port and the capital city. The islands name was changed to Porto Rico by the United States after the Treaty of Paris of 1898, the anglicized name was used by the US government and private enterprises. The name was changed back to Puerto Rico by a joint resolution in Congress introduced by Félix Córdova Dávila in 1931, the ancient history of the archipelago known today as Puerto Rico is not well known. The scarce archaeological findings and early Spanish scholarly accounts from the colonial era constitute the basis of knowledge about them. The first comprehensive book on the history of Puerto Rico was written by Fray Íñigo Abbad y Lasierra in 1786, the first settlers were the Ortoiroid people, an Archaic Period culture of Amerindian hunters and fishermen who migrated from the South American mainland
Puerto Rico
–
A Taíno Village at the
Tibes Ceremonial Center.
Puerto Rico
–
Flag
Puerto Rico
–
Juan Ponce de León (
Santervás de Campos,
Valladolid, Spain), was the first governor of Puerto Rico. His grandson
Juan Ponce de León II was the first criollo governor of Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rico
–
The 16th century
Fort San Felipe del Morro in San Juan, Puerto Rico
17.
Guam
–
Guam is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with a civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña and the most populous city is Dededo, in 2015,161,785 people resided on Guam. Guamanians are American citizens by birth, Guam has an area of 210 sq mi and a population density of 770/sq mi. It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia, among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 3, 691/sq mi, whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 119/sq mi. The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 meters above sea level, the Chamorros, Guams indigenous people, settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to visit the island on March 6,1521, Guam was colonized in 1668 with settlers, like Diego Luis de San Vitores, a Catholic missionary. Between the 16th century and the 18th century, Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons, during the Spanish–American War, the United States captured Guam on June 21,1898. Under the Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10,1898, Guam is among the seventeen Non-Self-Governing Territories of the United Nations. Before World War II, Guam and three other territories – American Samoa, Hawaii, and the Philippines – were the only American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean. On December 7,1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, during the occupation, Guamanians were subjected to beheadings, forced labor, rape, and torture. Guam endured hostilities when American forces recaptured the island on July 21,1944, since the 1960s, the economy has been supported by two industries, tourism and the United States Armed Forces. The original inhabitants of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands are believed to be descendants of Austronesian people originating from Southeast Asia as early as 2000 BC and they evolved into the Chamorro people. The ancient-Chamorro society had four classes, chamorri, matua, achaot, the matua were located in the coastal villages, which meant they had the best access to fishing grounds, whereas the manachang were located in the interior of the island. Matua and manachang rarely communicated with other, and matua often used achaot as intermediaries. There were also makåhna, skilled in healing and medicine, belief in spirits of ancient Chamorros called Taotao mona still persists as a remnant of pre-European culture. Their society was organized along matrilineal clans, Latte stones are stone pillars that are found only in the Mariana Islands, they are a recent development in Pre-Contact Chamorro society. The latte-stone was used as a foundation on which thatched huts were built, Latte stones consist of a base shaped from limestone called the haligi and with a capstone, or tåsa, made either from a large brain coral or limestone, placed on top
Guam
–
Marines laying fire on a
Japanese sniper nest (July 28, 1944).
Guam
–
Flag
Guam
–
Guam from satellite
Guam
–
Aerial view of
Apra Harbor
18.
Frankie Ruiz
–
José Antonio Torresola Ruiz, better known as Frankie Ruiz, was a Puerto Rican salsa singer. He was a figure in the salsa romántica subgenre that was popular in the 1980s. During his youth, he developed a passion for percussion, later confessing that this would have been his choice after singing. While still in his 30s he became known as El Papá de la Salsa, fan reaction to his work was diverse. Within the Latino community he was regarded as one of the best salseros ever, among non-Latinos, some admitted that his music had been responsible for their interest in salsa as a genre and even the Spanish language. He suffered from years of drug and alcohol abuse and his personal shortcomings were exploited by the tabloid media but had little impact on his popularity. In 1998, Ruiz died due to complications from liver disease. Known to his relatives as El Canito, a reference to his skin and light hair, Ruiz was born in Paterson. After his birth, his grandmother Concepción took responsibility for him as his mother was 15 years old and he grew up in the country, and Union City, with brothers Viti and Junito, raised by his parents Frank Torresola and Hilda Ruiz. He received his primary and secondary education in Paterson, where his father served as education commissioner. At the age of 5, Ruiz played percussion instruments at the Roberto Clemente Park in Paterson, one of these performances earned him an award at a show held at the Majestic Theater in Paterson. When he was around 7 years old, he began to exhibit the first signs of his future career, memorizing and singing songs with theatricality. In his youth, Ruizs father had been a musician and had witnessed several of his colleagues fall prey to drugs, alcohol, although he considered Ruizs voice too rough to be a singer initially, he was impressed when his son responded that he would work on improving it. His mother encouraged the artistic potential of her children and familiarized them with the business by exposing them to talent shows. At one of these events Ruiz met Tito Puente and was gifted a set of timbales, during this time, he developed a friendship with the Joe Salvador and his family and was often at their home. He came to other family members such as Joes sibling Rosemary, and their mother Rosario. Both families became further acquainted at softball game picnics, sponsored by Peter Salvador the familys patriarch, Ruiz never enrolled in singing classes but picked up techniques, and mastered them, allowing him to perform professionally, and to teach them to others. Ruiz moved to Puerto Rico with his mother in 1965, Ruiz and Joe Salvador joined a local music group named Orquesta Nueva led by Charlie López, as vocalist and bass player, and started performing salsa at talent shows
Frankie Ruiz
–
Frankie Ruiz
19.
Tito Rojas
–
El Gallo Salsero, is a salsa singer and bandleader. Tito Rojas was born and raised in the town of Humacao, Puerto Rico, there, he received his primary and secondary education. He enjoyed singing to his family and he would sing the latest salsa tunes with his friends. In 1975, he auditioned with Pedro Conga and his International Orchestra and was hired as a singer, after a short while, he left the band and joined the Conjunto Borincuba, conducted by Justo Betancourt, as lead singer. With this band, he participated in the recording of Con Amor and that same year Rojas joined the Fania All-Stars and had a hit song with El Campesino. After spending some time with the Fania All-Stars, Rojas decided to form his own band the Conjunto Borincano, in 1987 and 1989, he had hits with the salsa versions of the ballads Noche de Bodas, and Quiereme Tal Como Soy. These were accomplished after he joined the Puerto Rican Power band, in 1990, Rojas went solo and recorded Sensual, Condename, and A Mi Estilo, however it was his 1995 recording Por Propio Derecho, that placed Rojas on the Latin Billboards hit list. He gained the recognition he always wanted when he won a double Platinum Record Award, the Paoli Prize for Best Salsa Artist of the Year and an ACE Award. In 1996, Rojas had hits with Humildemente and Pal Pueblo, he also released 20th Aniversario, Alegrias y Penas, the album is titled Tito Rojas Live, Autenticamente En Vivo with Roberto Roena as a special guest on the bongos. His latest album El Viajero was released in 2014, in 2015, Rojas appeared on Puerto Rican singer Ivy Queens ninth studio album Vendetta. The album was split into four separate albums, one being an album composed entirely of only salsa music, on the salsa album, Rojas dueted with Queen on Ella Me Hizo Deseo. List of famous Puerto Ricans Official Facebook page Official Myspace page Music of Puerto Rico
Tito Rojas
–
Tito Rojas
