1.
Sunkist (soft drink)
Sunkist is a brand of primarily orange flavored soft drinks launched in 1979. Sunkist was first licensed by Sunkist Growers to the General Cinema Corporation, the soft drink was the idea of Mark Stevens, who foresaw the potential based on market research which indicated that, orange was the third best selling soft drink flavor. It went national soon thereafter by being franchised mainly to leading Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola bottlers, the advertising slogan was fun and the beach using TV and radio commercials with the Beach Boys hit song Good Vibrations as the brands theme. In 1980, Sunkist Orange Soda became the #1 orange soda in the USA, unlike many other competing orange sodas, Sunkist contains caffeine. In late 1984, Sunkist Soft Drinks was sold to Del Monte, from late 1986 until 2008, it was produced by Cadbury Schweppes under license through its Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages subsidiary. Following the demerger of Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages from Cadbury Schweppes, Sunkist is still the most popular orange soda in the United States.
Sunkist is sold in the UK by Vimto Soft Drinks under license from Sunkist Growers and it is sold in Australia by Schweppes Australia, but the Australian formulation is caffeine free. In Canada, a version of the orange drink is marketed as CPlus. The package indicates that there is an amount of Sunkist Juice. As of 2013, it is now sold by Asia Brewery, Dr Pepper Snapple Group makes a diet version of Sunkist. “The Making of Harcourt General” Harvard Business School Press, pp. 106–107,153,173, note – the individual mentioned as Mark Sobell is known as Mark Stevens. 1984 Sunkist Ad featuring the Good Vibrations theme song, YouTube video Retrieved on March 27,2008, 1984-85 Sunkist Ad featuring the Good Vibrations theme song, YouTube video Retrieved on May 12,2008. Cadbury Schweppes purchases Canada Dry and Sunkist soft drinks from RJR,1989 UK Sunkist Ad, YouTube video Retrieved on May 28,2008. Sunkist Soda - History Sunkist Soda - Products Sunkist Soda Montage — In-the-Beginning, YouTube video Retrieved on August 12,2011
2.
Tonic water
Tonic water is a carbonated soft drink in which quinine is dissolved. Originally used as a prophylactic against malaria, tonic water usually now has a significantly lower quinine content and is consumed for its distinctive bitter flavour and it is often used in mixed drinks, particularly in gin and tonic. The drink gained its name from the effects of its bitter flavouring, the quinine was added to the drink as a prophylactic against malaria, since it was originally intended for consumption in tropical areas of South Asia and Africa, where the disease is endemic. Quinine powder was so bitter that British officials stationed in early 19th Century India and other tropical posts began mixing the powder with soda and sugar, the first commercial tonic water was produced in 1858. The mixed drink gin and tonic originated in British colonial India, since 2010, at least four tonic syrups have been released in the United States. Consumers add carbonated water to the syrup to make tonic water, medicinal tonic water originally contained only carbonated water and a large amount of quinine.
However, most tonic water contains a less significant amount of quinine. As a consequence, it is bitter, and is usually sweetened. Some manufacturers produce diet tonic water, which may contain artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, traditional-style tonic water with little more than quinine and carbonated water is less common, but may be preferred by those who desire the bitter flavor. Still, it is recommended as a relief for leg cramps. Because of quinines risks, the FDA cautions consumers against using off-label quinine drugs to treat leg cramps, tonic water is often used as a drink mixer for cocktails, especially those made with gin or vodka. Tonic water with lemon or lime flavour added is known as lemon or bitter lime. Tonic water will fluoresce under ultraviolet light, owing to the presence of quinine, in fact, the sensitivity of quinine to ultraviolet light is such that it will appear visibly fluorescent in direct sunlight
3.
Wink (soft drink)
Wink is a primarily grapefruit-based soft drink, although it contains other citrus flavors. It is currently owned and manufactured by Canada Dry in North America and it was introduced by Canada Dry in 1965. During the 1960s and 1970s, Winks advertising billed it as The Sassy One, the jingle went Wink, the sassy one, from Canada Dry. For a brief period, Wink introduced a Dr. Seuss-like character called the Wink Gink, there was a Diet Wink Low Calorie version in the mid to late 60s. Infamously, there was a Wink logo on the sign of the house from which James Earl Ray assassinated Martin Luther King in Memphis. In the United States, Wink is available from some bottlers in Pennsylvania, South Carolina, North Carolina, Wink is available in some areas of Canada, and is sold as part of the CPlus brand. In 2004, Wink was temporarily discontinued in Canada, as part of a re-launch of the product, Wink was re-introduced several months as with new packaging as CPlus Wink Twist, a re-formulation that is slightly sweeter than the original
4.
Joseph Priestley
He is usually credited with the discovery of oxygen, having isolated it in its gaseous state, although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Antoine Lavoisier have a claim to the discovery. However, Priestleys determination to defend phlogiston theory and to reject what would become the chemical revolution eventually left him isolated within the scientific community, Priestleys science was integral to his theology, and he consistently tried to fuse Enlightenment rationalism with Christian theism. In his metaphysical texts, Priestley attempted to combine theism and determinism and he believed that a proper understanding of the natural world would promote human progress and eventually bring about the Christian Millennium. Priestley, who believed in the free and open exchange of ideas, advocated toleration and equal rights for religious Dissenters. He spent his last ten years in Northumberland County and these educational writings were among Priestleys most popular works. Priestley was born to an established English Dissenting family in Birstall and he was the oldest of six children born to Mary Swift and Jonas Priestley, a finisher of cloth.
To ease his mothers burdens, Priestley was sent to live with his grandfather around the age of one and he returned home, five years later, after his mother died. When his father remarried in 1741, Priestley went to live with his aunt and uncle, during his youth, Priestley attended local schools where he learned Greek and Hebrew. Around 1749, Priestley became seriously ill and believed he was dying, raised as a devout Calvinist, he believed a conversion experience was necessary for salvation, but doubted he had had one. This emotional distress eventually led him to question his upbringing, causing him to reject election. As a result, the elders of his church, the Independent Upper Chapel of Heckmondwike. Priestleys illness left him with a permanent stutter and he gave up any thoughts of entering the ministry at that time, in preparation for joining a relative in trade in Lisbon, he studied French and German in addition to Aramaic, and Arabic. Priestley eventually decided to return to his studies and, in 1752, matriculated at Daventry.
Because he had read widely, Priestley was allowed to skip the first two years of coursework. He continued his study, together with the liberal atmosphere of the school, shifted his theology further leftward. Abhorring dogma and religious mysticism, Rational Dissenters emphasised the rational analysis of the natural world, Priestley wrote that the book that influenced him the most, save the Bible, was David Hartleys Observations on Man. Hartleys psychological and theological treatise postulated a theory of mind. Hartley aimed to construct a Christian philosophy in both religious and moral facts could be scientifically proven, a goal that would occupy Priestley for his entire life
5.
Orangina
Orangina is a lightly carbonated beverage made from water and 12% citrus pulp. Orangina was invented at a fair in France, developed by Dr. Augustin Trigo Mirallès from Spain. Today it is a beverage in Europe, northern Africa. Since November 2009, Orangina has been owned by Suntory in most of the world, in the United States, the brand has been owned by the Dr Pepper Snapple Group since 2006. In Canada, the brand is owned by Canada Dry Motts Inc, drunk annually by 500 million consumers worldwide, the famous little round bottle was created in 1930 in Boufarik, in the south of Algiers. Production remained there until 1967, when it relocated to Marseille, the famous soda is now known in several countries due to its special taste and its original advertising campaign especially the famous slogan « Shake Me. » Orangina started as Naranjina, presented at the 1935 Marseille Trade Fair by its Spanish inventor, chemist Dr. Trigo, from Valencia, the drink was created from a mix of citrus juice and carbonated water.
It was called TriNaranjus for the Spanish market, Léon Beton bought the concept and recipe for Naranjina in 1935. However, the outbreak of conflicts, notably World War II. His son, Jean-Claude Beton, took over the company from his father in 1947, Jean-Claude Beton kept most of the original recipe, which he marketed to appeal in European and North African consumers. Orangina quickly became a common beverage throughout French North Africa, in 1951, Jean-Claude Beton introduced Oranginas iconic signature 8-ounce bottle, which became a symbol of the brand. The bottle is shaped like an orange, with a texture designed to mimic the fruit. Production was moved to the city of Marseille in metropolitan France in 1962 in the run-up to Algerias independence, Orangina was first launched in the United States in 1978 under the brand name, which was reverted to Orangina. The company, created by Beton, joined the Pernod Ricard group in 1984, in 2000, the Orangina brand was acquired by Cadbury Schweppes along with Pernod Ricards other soda businesses, after an attempt to sell to Coca-Cola was blocked on anti-competitive grounds.
In 2006 Cadbury plc decided to concentrate on the chocolate business, as the number three soda producer globally, neither of the bigger two could buy it, so eventually the company was split up to sell. In the United States, the brand is owned by Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc, the drink was introduced in the United States in 1978, under the name Orelia, but this name was abandoned in favor of the original in 1985. Production of Orangina has since moved back to Canada, as Motts is now part of Dr Pepper Snapple, in Canada, Orangina is imported by Canada Dry Motts from Europe. From 2006, private equity firms Blackstone Group and Lion Capital LLP owned the brand outside North America under the company name Orangina Schweppes, in November 2009, its ownership changed once again when it was bought by Japanese brewer Suntory
6.
Lemonade
Lemonade is the name for a number of sweetened beverages found around the world, all characterized by lemon flavor. Most lemonade varieties can be separated into two types and clear, each is known simply as lemonade in countries where dominant. Cloudy lemonade, generally found in North America and India, is a traditionally homemade drink made with lemon juice, found in the United Kingdom, South Africa and New Zealand, clear lemonade is a lemon flavoured carbonated soft drink. Not to be confused with Sprite a lemon-lime flavored, soft drink, a popular cloudy variation is pink lemonade, made with added fruit flavors such as raspberry or strawberry among others, giving a distinctive pink color. The -ade suffix may be applied to other similar drinks made with different fruits, such as limeade, alcoholic varieties are known as hard lemonade. In many European countries, the French word limonade has come to mean soft drink, as lemons and sugarcane are native to India, it is safe to assume the Indians first consumed a type of lemonade called nimbu pani, meaning lemon water, literally.
The earliest written evidence of lemonade has been found in Egypt, dated to around AD1000, here, a wine made with lemons and honey was enjoyed by peasants, and bottles of lemon juice with sugar, known as qatarmizat were imported and consumed locally. In 1676, a known as Compagnie de Limonadiers was founded in Paris. Having been granted rights to sell lemonade, vendors roamed the streets serving the drink in cups from tanks on their backs. The first reference found to a carbonated lemonade was in 1833, generally served cold, cloudy lemonade may be served hot as a remedy for congestion and sore throats, frozen, or used as a mixer. Traditionally, it is common for children in US and Canadian neighborhoods to start lemonade stands to make money during the summer months, the concept has become iconic of youthful summertime Americana to the degree that parodies and variations on the concept exist across media. References can be found in comics and cartoons such as Peanuts, the subject has attracted controversy as some unlicensed lemonade stands have been shut down due to health regulations. A popular variation of lemonade, pink lemonade is created by adding additional fruit juices, flavors.
Adding flavor, and a distinctive pink coloring, possible additions may include raspberries, cherries, red grapefruit, cranberries, grenadine, or the fruit of the staghorn sumac. The invention of pink lemonade was credited to Henry E. Sanchez Allott in his obituary in The New York Times, clear lemonade can be consumed on its own or as a mixer. Mixed with beer, clear lemonade is used to make shandy and it is an important ingredient in the Pimms Cup cocktail. In Ireland, lemonade is available as a clear white lemonade, as well as in red, despite the three flavors, differences in taste between the three have been disputed. Red lemonade is a mixer, especially with whiskey, and has become the center of a popular urban myth
7.
Canada Dry
Canada Dry is a brand of soft drinks owned since 2008 by the Texas-based Dr Pepper Snapple Group. For over a century, Canada Dry has been known for its ale, though the company manufactures a number of other soft drinks. Although Canada Dry originated in Canada, it is now produced in countries around the globe, including the United States, Colombia. The Dry in the name refers to not being sweet. In 1890, Canadian pharmacist and chemist John J. McLaughlin of Enniskillen, after working in a factory in Brooklyn, New York. McLaughlin was the oldest son of Robert McLaughlin, founder of McLaughlin Carriage, when McLaughlin began shipping his product to New York in 1919, it became so popular that he opened a plant in Manhattan shortly thereafter. After McLaughlins death, the company was run briefly by Sam, P. D. Saylor and Associates who bought the business from the McLaughlin family in 1923 and formed Canada Dry Ginger Ale, Inc. a public company. Canada Drys popularity as a mixer began during Prohibition, when its flavor helped mask the taste of homemade liquor, in the 1930s, Canada Dry expanded worldwide.
From the 1950s onward, the company introduced a number of products. Norton Simon took an interest in the company in 1964, and it merged with Simons other holdings, Dr Pepper bought Canada Dry from Norton Simon in 1982. In 1984, Dr Pepper was acquired by Forstmann Little & Company, RJR Nabisco sold its soft drink business to Cadbury Schweppes in 1986. Today, Canada Dry is owned by Dr Pepper Snapple Group, at one time, the flavors all had uniquely designed labels, but now all use the standard Canada Dry crest logo. A Cantonese version of the ad was produced, driving Force, The McLaughlin Family and the Age of the Car. Canada Dry Canada Dry Canada Dry Historic American Engineering Record No. MD-131, Canada Dry Bottling Plant,1201 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD,20 photos,2 color transparencies,7 measured drawings,37 data pages,2 photo caption pages HAER No. OR-137, Canada Dry Bottling Plant,4370 Northeast Halsey Street, Multnomah County, OR,7 photos,2 data pages,1 photo caption page Ginger Ale Commercial - Jacks Farm
8.
London
London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, education, fashion, healthcare, professional services and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region.
Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud.
From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
9.
7 Up
7 Up is a brand of lemon-lime flavored, non-caffeinated soft drink. The rights to the brand are held by Dr Pepper Snapple Group in the United States, and PepsiCo in the rest of the world. The U. S. version of the 7 Up logo includes a red cherry between the 7 and Up, this red cherry has been animated and used as a mascot for the brand as Cool Spot. 7 Up was created by Charles Leiper Grigg, who launched his St. Louis–based company The Howdy Corporation in 1920, Grigg came up with the formula for a lemon-lime soft drink in 1929. The product, originally named Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda, was launched two weeks before the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and it contained lithium citrate, a mood-stabilizing drug, until 1948. It was one of a number of patent medicine products popular in the late-19th and early-20th centuries and its name was shortened to 7 Up Lithiated Lemon Soda before being further shortened to just 7 Up by 1936. Westinghouse bought 7 Up in 1969 and sold it in 1978 to Philip Morris,7 Up merged with Dr Pepper in 1988, Cadbury Schweppes bought the combined company in 1995.
The Dr Pepper Snapple Group was spun off from Cadbury Schweppes in 2008,7 Up has been reformulated several times since its launch in 1929. In 2006, the version of the product sold in the U. S. was re-formulated so that it could be marketed as being 100% natural. This was achieved by eliminating the chelating-agent calcium disodium EDTA, and this re-formulation contains no fruit juice and, in the U. S. is sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup. The manufacturing process used in the production of HFCS has led some public health, in 2007, after the Center for Science in the Public Interest threatened to sue 7 Up, it was announced that 7 Up would stop being marketed as 100% natural. Instead, it is now promoted as having 100% Natural Flavors, the controversy does not extend to other countries, such as the United Kingdom, where HFCS is not generally used in foods, including 7 Up. In 2011,7 Up began test-marketing a formula, called 7 Up Retro, container labels sport the caption, Made With Real Sugar.
There exists a myth that the 7 Up name comes from the drink having a pH over 7. That would make it neutral or basic on the scale, coca-Cola and most other soft drinks were bottled in 6 ounce bottles, 7-Up was bottled in 7 ounce bottles. 7 Up Ten, Introduced in 2013, along with Ten variations for most of the major Dr. Pepper/Seven-Up brands and it is a blend using high fructose corn syrup along with aspartame and Acesulfame potassium to sweeten it. Tropical 7 Up, Introduced in 2014 for a time, as well as a return in 2015 with newer branding. 7 Up Retro, This 2011 formulation uses sugar rather than corn syrup as its sweetener
10.
Geneva
Geneva is the second most populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic, the municipality has a population of 198,072, and the canton has 484,736 residents. In 2014, the compact agglomération du Grand Genève had 946,000 inhabitants in 212 communities in both Switzerland and France, within Swiss territory, the commuter area named Métropole lémanique contains a population of 1.25 million. This area is essentially spread east from Geneva towards the Riviera area and north-east towards Yverdon-les-Bains, Geneva is the city that hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world. It is the place where the Geneva Conventions were signed, Geneva was ranked as the worlds ninth most important financial centre for competitiveness by the Global Financial Centres Index, ahead of Frankfurt, and third in Europe behind London and Zürich. A2009 survey by Mercer found that Geneva has the third-highest quality of life of any city in the world, the city has been referred to as the worlds most compact metropolis and the Peace Capital.
In 2009 and 2011, Geneva was ranked as, the city was mentioned in Latin texts, by Caesar, with the spelling Genava, probably from a Celtic toponym *genawa- from the stem *genu-, in the sense of a bending river or estuary. The medieval county of Geneva in Middle Latin was known as pagus major Genevensis or Comitatus Genevensis, the name takes various forms in modern languages, Geneva /dʒᵻˈniːvə/ in English, Genève, Genf, Italian and Romansh, Genevra. The city in origin shares its name, *genawa estuary, with the Italian port city of Genoa, Geneva was an Allobrogian border town, fortified against the Helvetii tribe, when the Romans took it in 121 BC. It became Christian under the Late Roman Empire, and acquired its first bishop in the 5th century, having been connected to the bishopric of Vienne in the 4th. In the Middle Ages, Geneva was ruled by a count under the Holy Roman Empire until the late 14th century, around this time the House of Savoy came to dominate the city. In the 15th century, a republican government emerged with the creation of the Grand Council.
In 1541, with Protestantism in the ascendancy, John Calvin, by the 18th century, Geneva had come under the influence of Catholic France, which cultivated the city as its own. France tended to be at odds with the ordinary townsfolk, in 1798, revolutionary France under the Directory annexed Geneva. At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, on 1 June 1814, in 1907, the separation of Church and State was adopted. Geneva flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries, becoming the seat of international organizations. Geneva is located at 46°12 North, 6°09 East, at the end of Lake Geneva. It is surrounded by two chains, the Alps and the Jura
11.
Onomatopoeia
An onomatopoeia is a word that phonetically imitates, resembles or suggests the sound that it describes. As an uncountable noun, onomatopoeia refers to the property of such words, common occurrences of onomatopoeias include animal noises such as oink, roar or chirp. Although in the English language, the term means the imitation of a sound. For words that imitate sounds, the term Ηχομιμητικό is used, Ηχομιμητικό derives from Ηχώ, meaning echo or sound, and μιμητικό, meaning mimetic or imitation. Some other very common English-language examples include hiccup, bang, moo and their sounds are often described with onomatopoeia, as in honk or beep-beep for the horn of an automobile, and vroom or brum for the engine. When someone speaks of an involving a audible arcing of electricity. Human sounds sometimes provide instances of onomatopoeia, as when mwah is used to represent a kiss, for animal sounds, words like quack, bark or woof, meow/miaow or purr and baa are typically used in English. Some of these words are used both as nouns and as verbs, some languages flexibly integrate onomatopoeic words into their structure.
This may evolve into a new word, up to the point that it is no longer recognized as onomatopoeia, verba dicendi are a method of integrating onomatopoeia and ideophones into grammar. Sometimes things are named from the sounds they make, in English, for example, there is the universal fastener which is named for the onomatopoeic of the sound it makes, the zip or zipper. In Tamil and Malayalam, the word for crow is kaakaa and this practice is especially common in certain languages such as Māori and, therefore, in names of animals borrowed from these languages. Although a particular sound is heard similarly by people of different cultures, for example, the snip of a pair of scissors is cri-cri in Italian, riqui-riqui in Spanish, terre-terre or treque-treque in Portuguese, krits-krits in modern Greek and katr-katr in Hindi. Similarly, the honk of a horn is ba-ba in Mandarin, tut-tut in French, pu-pu in Japanese, bbang-bbang in Korean, bært-bært in Norwegian, fom-fom in Portuguese. Onomatopoeic effect can be produced in a phrase or word string with the help of alliteration and consonance alone, the most famous example is the phrase furrow followed free in Samuel Taylor Coleridges The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.
It may be noted that the words followed and free are not onomatopoeic in themselves, alliteration has been used in the line as the surf surged up the sun swept shore. To recreate the sound of breaking waves, in the poem I, comic strips and comic books made extensive use of onomatopoeia. Crane had fun with this, tossing in an occasional ker-splash or lickety-wop along with what would become the standard effects. Words as well as images became vehicles for carrying along his increasingly fast-paced storylines, in 2002, DC Comics introduced a villain named Onomatopoeia, an athlete, martial artist and weapons expert who often speaks sounds
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