1.
The Coca-Cola Company
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The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia. The Coca-Cola formula and brand were bought in 1889 by Asa Griggs Candler, the Coca-Cola Company owns its anchor bottler in North America, Coca-Cola Refreshments. The companys stock is listed on the NYSE and is part of DJIA, the S&P500 index, the Russell 1000 Index, as of 2015, its chairman and its CEO is Muhtar Kent. In December 2016, it was announced that James Quincey, the operating officer would replace Kent as CEO. The company has a history of acquisitions. Coca-Cola acquired Minute Maid in 1960, the Indian cola brand Thums Up in 1993, in 2001, it acquired the Odwalla brand of fruit juices, smoothies, and bars for $181 million. In 2007, it acquired Fuze Beverage from founder Lance Collins, the companys 2009 bid to buy a Chinese juice maker ended when China rejected its $2.4 billion bid for the Huiyuan Juice Group, on the grounds the resulting company would be a virtual monopoly. Nationalism was also thought to be a reason for aborting the deal, in 1982, Coca-Cola purchased Columbia Pictures for $692 million. It sold the studio to Sony, for $3 billion. In 2013, Coca-Cola finalized its purchase of ZICO, a water company. In 2011, the Coca-Cola company bought the rest of the tea company Honest Tea. In 2015, the took a minority stake ownership in the cold pressed juice manufacturer. According to The Coca-Cola Companys 2005 Annual Report, the firm at that time sold beverage products in more than 200 countries and this is more countries than are generally agreed to exist, according to the World Atlas.5 billion. Of these, beverages bearing the trademark Coca-Cola or Coke accounted for approximately 78% of the companys total gallon sales, the figure in 2010 showed that they sold 1.6 billion drinks every day. In 2010, it was announced that Coca-Cola had become the first brand to top £1 billion in annual UK grocery sales, since the 1920s, Coca-Cola has been a publicly traded company. One share of stock purchased in 1919 for $40, with all dividends reinvested, would be worth $9.8 million in 2012, Coca-Cola has paid a dividend, increasing each year for 49 years. Stock is available from a direct purchase program, through Computershare Trust Company, the bottlers then sell, distribute, and merchandise the resulting Coca-Cola product to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants, and food service distributors. Outside the United States, the bottlers also control the fountain business, since the early 1980s, the company has actively encouraged the consolidation of bottlers, with the company often owning a share of these anchor bottlers
2.
Geneva
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Geneva is the second most populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic, the municipality has a population of 198,072, and the canton has 484,736 residents. In 2014, the compact agglomération du Grand Genève had 946,000 inhabitants in 212 communities in both Switzerland and France, within Swiss territory, the commuter area named Métropole lémanique contains a population of 1.25 million. This area is essentially spread east from Geneva towards the Riviera area and north-east towards Yverdon-les-Bains, Geneva is the city that hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world. It is also the place where the Geneva Conventions were signed, Geneva was ranked as the worlds ninth most important financial centre for competitiveness by the Global Financial Centres Index, ahead of Frankfurt, and third in Europe behind London and Zürich. A2009 survey by Mercer found that Geneva has the third-highest quality of life of any city in the world, the city has been referred to as the worlds most compact metropolis and the Peace Capital. In 2009 and 2011, Geneva was ranked as, respectively, the city was mentioned in Latin texts, by Caesar, with the spelling Genava, probably from a Celtic toponym *genawa- from the stem *genu-, in the sense of a bending river or estuary. The medieval county of Geneva in Middle Latin was known as pagus major Genevensis or Comitatus Genevensis, the name takes various forms in modern languages, Geneva /dʒᵻˈniːvə/ in English, French, Genève, German, Genf, Italian, Ginevra, and Romansh, Genevra. The city in origin shares its name, *genawa estuary, with the Italian port city of Genoa, Geneva was an Allobrogian border town, fortified against the Helvetii tribe, when the Romans took it in 121 BC. It became Christian under the Late Roman Empire, and acquired its first bishop in the 5th century, having been connected to the bishopric of Vienne in the 4th. In the Middle Ages, Geneva was ruled by a count under the Holy Roman Empire until the late 14th century, around this time the House of Savoy came to dominate the city. In the 15th century, a republican government emerged with the creation of the Grand Council. In 1541, with Protestantism in the ascendancy, John Calvin, by the 18th century, however, Geneva had come under the influence of Catholic France, which cultivated the city as its own. France also tended to be at odds with the ordinary townsfolk, in 1798, revolutionary France under the Directory annexed Geneva. At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, on 1 June 1814, in 1907, the separation of Church and State was adopted. Geneva flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries, becoming the seat of international organizations. Geneva is located at 46°12 North, 6°09 East, at the end of Lake Geneva. It is surrounded by two chains, the Alps and the Jura
3.
Switzerland
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Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2. The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the medieval period, resulting from a series of military successes against Austria. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The country has a history of armed neutrality going back to the Reformation, it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815, nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross, Switzerland is home to international organisations. On the European level, it is a member of the European Free Trade Association. However, it participates in the Schengen Area and the European Single Market through bilateral treaties, spanning the intersection of Germanic and Romance Europe, Switzerland comprises four main linguistic and cultural regions, German, French, Italian and Romansh. Due to its diversity, Switzerland is known by a variety of native names, Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera. On coins and stamps, Latin is used instead of the four living languages, Switzerland is one of the most developed countries in the world, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest per capita gross domestic product according to the IMF. Zürich and Geneva have each been ranked among the top cities in the world in terms of quality of life, with the former ranked second globally, according to Mercer. The English name Switzerland is a compound containing Switzer, a term for the Swiss. The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, the Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for Confederates, Eidgenossen, used since the 14th century. The data code for Switzerland, CH, is derived from Latin Confoederatio Helvetica. The toponym Schwyz itself was first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, ultimately related to swedan ‘to burn’
4.
Lemonade
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Lemonade is the name for a number of sweetened beverages found around the world, all characterized by lemon flavor. Most lemonade varieties can be separated into two types, cloudy and clear, each is known simply as lemonade in countries where dominant. Cloudy lemonade, generally found in North America and India, is a traditionally homemade drink made with lemon juice, water, found in the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, clear lemonade is a lemon flavoured carbonated soft drink. Not to be confused with Sprite a lemon-lime flavored, soft drink, a popular cloudy variation is pink lemonade, made with added fruit flavors such as raspberry or strawberry among others, giving a distinctive pink color. The -ade suffix may also be applied to other similar drinks made with different fruits, such as limeade, orangeade, alcoholic varieties are known as hard lemonade. In many European countries, the French word limonade has come to mean soft drink, as lemons and sugarcane are native to India, it is safe to assume the Indians first consumed a type of lemonade called nimbu pani, meaning lemon water, literally. The earliest written evidence of lemonade has been found in Egypt, dated to around AD1000, here, a wine made with lemons, dates, and honey was enjoyed by peasants, and bottles of lemon juice with sugar, known as qatarmizat were imported and consumed locally. In 1676, a known as Compagnie de Limonadiers was founded in Paris. Having been granted rights to sell lemonade, vendors roamed the streets serving the drink in cups from tanks on their backs. The first reference found to a carbonated lemonade was in 1833, generally served cold, cloudy lemonade may also be served hot as a remedy for congestion and sore throats, frozen, or used as a mixer. Traditionally, it is common for children in US and Canadian neighborhoods to start lemonade stands to make money during the summer months, the concept has become iconic of youthful summertime Americana to the degree that parodies and variations on the concept exist across media. References can be found in comics and cartoons such as Peanuts, recently, the subject has attracted controversy as some unlicensed lemonade stands have been shut down due to health regulations. A popular variation of lemonade, pink lemonade is created by adding additional fruit juices, flavors. Adding flavor, and a distinctive pink coloring, possible additions may include raspberries, strawberries, cherries, red grapefruit, grapes, cranberries, grenadine, or the fruit of the staghorn sumac. The invention of pink lemonade was credited to Henry E. Sanchez Allott in his obituary in The New York Times, clear lemonade can be consumed on its own or as a mixer. Mixed with beer, clear lemonade is used to make shandy and it is also an important ingredient in the Pimms Cup cocktail. In Ireland, lemonade is available as a clear white lemonade, as well as in red, despite the three flavors, differences in taste between the three have been disputed. Red lemonade is a mixer, especially with whiskey, and has become the center of a popular urban myth
5.
Carbonated water
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Carbonated water is water into which carbon dioxide gas under pressure has been dissolved. Some of these have additives, such as chloride, sodium bicarbonate or similar. This process, known as carbonation, is a process that causes the water to become effervescent, most carbonated water is sold in ready to drink bottles as carbonated beverages such as soft drinks. However, it is easy to prepare at home with soda makers. These additives are included to emulate the slightly salty taste soda water developed years ago from first using them as preservatives. By itself, carbonated water appears to have impact on health. While carbonated water is acidic, this acidity is quickly neutralized by saliva. Carbonated water may increase irritable bowel syndrome symptoms of bloating and gas due to the release of carbon dioxide in the digestive tract and it does not appear to have an effect on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. There is tentative evidence that water may help with constipation among people who have had a stroke. Some carbonated waters have added sodium, so they may be an issue for those on low-sodium diets, typical carbonated soft drinks such as colas do have health risks. Carbonated colas have a correlation with slightly decreased bone density in older women, soft drinks are about 100 times more erosive to teeth than plain carbonated water. Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water at a low concentration creates carbonic acid according to the following reaction, the pH level between 3 and 4 is approximately in between apple juice and orange juice in acidity, but much less acidic than the acid in the stomach. The human body robustly maintains pH equilibrium via acid–base homeostasis and will not be affected by consumption of plain carbonated water, if an alkaline salt, such as sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, or potassium citrate is added to the water, its acidity is reduced. The amount of a gas like carbon dioxide that can be dissolved in water is described by Henrys Law, Water is chilled, optimally to just above freezing, in order to permit the maximum amount of carbon dioxide to dissolve in it. Higher gas pressure and lower temperature cause more gas to dissolve in the liquid, when the temperature is raised or the pressure is reduced, carbon dioxide escapes from the solution, in the form of bubbles. Many alcoholic drinks, such as beer, wine and champagne, were carbonated through the process for centuries. In 1662 Christopher Merret was creating sparkling wine, in 1750 the Frenchman Gabriel François Venel produced artificial carbonated water for the first time. It is thought that William Brownrigg and Henry Cavendish also infused water with carbon dioxide around this time
6.
Joseph Priestley
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He is usually credited with the discovery of oxygen, having isolated it in its gaseous state, although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Antoine Lavoisier also have a claim to the discovery. However, Priestleys determination to defend phlogiston theory and to reject what would become the chemical revolution eventually left him isolated within the scientific community, Priestleys science was integral to his theology, and he consistently tried to fuse Enlightenment rationalism with Christian theism. In his metaphysical texts, Priestley attempted to combine theism, materialism, and determinism and he believed that a proper understanding of the natural world would promote human progress and eventually bring about the Christian Millennium. Priestley, who believed in the free and open exchange of ideas, advocated toleration and equal rights for religious Dissenters. He spent his last ten years in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania and these educational writings were among Priestleys most popular works. Priestley was born to an established English Dissenting family in Birstall and he was the oldest of six children born to Mary Swift and Jonas Priestley, a finisher of cloth. To ease his mothers burdens, Priestley was sent to live with his grandfather around the age of one and he returned home, five years later, after his mother died. When his father remarried in 1741, Priestley went to live with his aunt and uncle, during his youth, Priestley attended local schools where he learned Greek, Latin, and Hebrew. Around 1749, Priestley became seriously ill and believed he was dying, raised as a devout Calvinist, he believed a conversion experience was necessary for salvation, but doubted he had had one. This emotional distress eventually led him to question his upbringing, causing him to reject election. As a result, the elders of his church, the Independent Upper Chapel of Heckmondwike. Priestleys illness left him with a permanent stutter and he gave up any thoughts of entering the ministry at that time, in preparation for joining a relative in trade in Lisbon, he studied French, Italian, and German in addition to Aramaic, and Arabic. Priestley eventually decided to return to his studies and, in 1752, matriculated at Daventry. Because he had read widely, Priestley was allowed to skip the first two years of coursework. He continued his study, this, together with the liberal atmosphere of the school, shifted his theology further leftward. Abhorring dogma and religious mysticism, Rational Dissenters emphasised the rational analysis of the natural world, Priestley later wrote that the book that influenced him the most, save the Bible, was David Hartleys Observations on Man. Hartleys psychological, philosophical, and theological treatise postulated a theory of mind. Hartley aimed to construct a Christian philosophy in both religious and moral facts could be scientifically proven, a goal that would occupy Priestley for his entire life
7.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
8.
Malvern water
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Malvern water is a natural spring water from the Malvern Hills on the border of the counties of Herefordshire and Worcestershire in England. The Hills consist of hard granite and limestone rock. Fissures in the rock retain rain water, which permeates through. The springs release an average of about 60 litres a minute, beneficial properties of the water have been reported for over four hundred years, and the reason for such benefits was a topic of scholarly discussion by 1817. In the 19th century Malvern became famous for the water cure, the writings of the hydrotherapists James Gully and James Wilson, and well known patients who included Lord Lytton contributed to Malverns renown at that time. The water has been bottled on an industrial scale under the Schweppes brand from 1850 until 2010, in 2012 the Holywell Water Co Ltd was granted permission to use the world-famous Malvern name in its branding, thus becoming Holywell Malvern Spring Water. It has been drunk by several British monarchs, elizabeth I drank it in public in the 16th century, Queen Victoria refused to travel without it. The quality of Malvern water is attributable to its source, Malvern Hills are amongst the oldest and hardest rocks found in the United Kingdom, with their geology responsible for the quality of Malverns spring water. The hills consist of Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rock, the oldest of which are about 670 million years old, the rocks are characterised by low porosity and high secondary permeability via fissures. When the fissures are saturated, a water table forms and the water emerges as springs around the lines between the strata. Depending on rainfall, the flow can vary from as little as 36 litres per minute to over 350 litres per minute. The water permeates through the rock which, because of its hardness, leaves little or no traces in the water. Malvern water has long been acclaimed for its purity, in 1756 Dr John Wall tested the water, found that it contained very few minerals, and said, The Malvern water is famous for containing just nothing at all. William Heberden also noted the purity of Malvern water, stating the Malvern water is purer than that of any other springs in England, the natural untreated water is generally devoid of all minerals, bacteria, and suspended matter, approaching the purity of distilled water. In 1987 Malvern gained official EU status as a mineral water. However, in spite of regular quality analysis, drought in 2006 dried out the rock that filters the water, allowing the water to flow through it too quickly for the natural filtering process. Due to the impurities, the Coca-Cola Company, manufacturer of the Schweppes brand, had to install filtration equipment. Local legend has it that the benefit of the spring water was known in mediaeval times
9.
Cadbury
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Cadbury, formerly Cadburys, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International since 2010. It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Wrigleys, Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more than 50 countries worldwide. It is famous for its Dairy Milk chocolate, the Creme Egg and Roses selection box, One of the best-known British brands, in 2013 The Daily Telegraph named Cadbury among Britains most successful exports. Cadbury was established in Birmingham, England in 1824, by John Cadbury who sold tea, coffee, Cadbury developed the business with his brother Benjamin, followed by his sons Richard and George. George developed the Bournville estate, a village designed to give the companys workers improved living conditions. Dairy Milk chocolate, introduced in 1905, used a higher proportion of milk within the recipe compared with rival products, by 1914, the chocolate was the companys best-selling product. Cadbury, alongside Rowntrees and Fry, were the big three British confectionery manufacturers throughout much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Cadbury was granted its first Royal Warrant from Queen Victoria in 1854. It has been a holder of a Royal Warrant from Elizabeth II since 1955, Cadbury merged with J. S. Fry & Sons in 1919, and Schweppes in 1969. Cadbury was a constant constituent of the FTSE100 on the London Stock Exchange from the indexs 1984 inception until the company was bought by Kraft Foods in 2010. In 1824, John Cadbury, a Quaker, began selling tea, coffee and drinking chocolate in Bull Street in Birmingham, England. From 1831 he moved into the production of a variety of cocoa and drinking chocolates, made in a factory in Bridge Street, in 1847, John Cadbury became a partner with his brother Benjamin and the company became known as Cadbury Brothers. The brothers opened an office in London, and in 1854 they received the Royal Warrant as manufacturers of chocolate, the company went into decline in the late 1850s. John Cadburys sons Richard and George took over the business in 1861, at the time of the takeover, the business was in rapid decline, the number of employees had reduced from 20 to 11, and the company was losing money. By 1866, Cadbury was profitable again, the brothers had turned around the business by moving the focus from tea and coffee to chocolate, and by increasing the quality of their products. The firms first major breakthrough occurred in 1866 when Richard and George introduced an improved cocoa into Britain, a new cocoa press developed in the Netherlands removed some of the unpalatable cocoa butter from the cocoa bean. The firm began exporting its products in the 1850s, in the 1880s the firm began to produce chocolate confectioneries. In 1878, the decided to build new premises in countryside four miles from Birmingham. The move to the countryside was unprecedented in business, better transport access for milk that was inward shipped by canal, and cocoa that was brought in by rail from London, Southampton and Liverpool docks was taken into consideration
10.
7 Up
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7 Up is a brand of lemon-lime flavored, non-caffeinated soft drink. The rights to the brand are held by Dr Pepper Snapple Group in the United States, and PepsiCo in the rest of the world. The U. S. version of the 7 Up logo includes a red cherry between the 7 and Up, this red cherry has been animated and used as a mascot for the brand as Cool Spot. 7 Up was created by Charles Leiper Grigg, who launched his St. Louis–based company The Howdy Corporation in 1920, Grigg came up with the formula for a lemon-lime soft drink in 1929. The product, originally named Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda, was launched two weeks before the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and it contained lithium citrate, a mood-stabilizing drug, until 1948. It was one of a number of patent medicine products popular in the late-19th and early-20th centuries and its name was later shortened to 7 Up Lithiated Lemon Soda before being further shortened to just 7 Up by 1936. Westinghouse bought 7 Up in 1969 and sold it in 1978 to Philip Morris,7 Up merged with Dr Pepper in 1988, Cadbury Schweppes bought the combined company in 1995. The Dr Pepper Snapple Group was spun off from Cadbury Schweppes in 2008,7 Up has been reformulated several times since its launch in 1929. In 2006, the version of the product sold in the U. S. was re-formulated so that it could be marketed as being 100% natural. This was achieved by eliminating the chelating-agent calcium disodium EDTA, and this re-formulation contains no fruit juice and, in the U. S. is sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup. The manufacturing process used in the production of HFCS has led some public health, in 2007, after the Center for Science in the Public Interest threatened to sue 7 Up, it was announced that 7 Up would stop being marketed as 100% natural. Instead, it is now promoted as having 100% Natural Flavors, the controversy does not extend to other countries, such as the United Kingdom, where HFCS is not generally used in foods, including 7 Up. In 2011,7 Up began test-marketing a formula, called 7 Up Retro, container labels sport the caption, Made With Real Sugar. There exists a myth that the 7 Up name comes from the drink having a pH over 7. That would make it neutral or basic on the scale, however, coca-Cola and most other soft drinks were bottled in 6 ounce bottles, 7-Up was bottled in 7 ounce bottles. 7 Up Ten, Introduced in 2013, along with Ten variations for most of the major Dr. Pepper/Seven-Up brands and it is a blend using high fructose corn syrup along with aspartame and Acesulfame potassium to sweeten it. Tropical 7 Up, Introduced in 2014 for a time, as well as a return in 2015 with newer branding. 7 Up Retro, This 2011 formulation uses sugar rather than corn syrup as its sweetener
11.
Dr Pepper
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Dr Pepper is a carbonated soft drink marketed as having a unique flavor. The drink was created in the 1880s by Charles Alderton in Waco, Texas, variants include a version without high fructose corn syrup, Diet Dr Pepper, as well as a line of additional flavors, first introduced in the 2000s. Patent Office recognizes December 1,1885, as the first time Dr Pepper was served and it was introduced nationally in the United States at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition as a new kind of soda pop, made with 23 flavors. Its introduction in 1885 preceded the introduction of Coca-Cola by one year and it was formulated by Brooklyn-born pharmacist Charles Alderton in Morrisons Old Corner Drug Store in Waco, Texas. To test his new drink, he first offered it to store owner Wade Morrison, patrons at Morrisons soda fountain soon learned of Aldertons new drink and began ordering a Waco. Alderton gave the formula to Morrison, who named it Dr. Pepper, as with Coca-Cola, the formula for Dr Pepper is a trade secret, and allegedly the recipe is kept as two halves in safe deposit boxes in two separate Dallas banks. Theories abound about the origins of the drinks name. One conjecture is the pep refers to pepsin, in 2009, an old ledger book filled with formulas and recipes was discovered by Bill Waters while shopping at antiques stores in the Texas Panhandle. Several sheets and letterheads hinted it had come from the W. B. Morrison & Co, Old Corner Drug Store and faded letters on the books cover spelled out Castles Formulas. John Castles was a partner of Morrisons for a time and worked at that location as early as 1880, One recipe in the book titled D Peppers Pepsin Bitters was of particular interest, and some speculated it could be an early recipe for Dr Pepper. However, Dr Pepper Snapple Group insists it is not the formula for Dr Pepper, the book was put up for auction in May 2009, but no one purchased it. Like many early sodas, the drink was marketed as a tonic and energizing pick-me-up. Others believe the drink was named after a real Dr. Pepper, One candidate is Dr. Charles T. However, Morrison lived nearly 50 miles from Rural Retreat, another possibility is Dr. Pepper of Christiansburg, Virginia. U. S. Census records show a young Morrison working as a clerk in Christiansburg. One of the pages of this census supposedly shows a Dr. Pepper and daughter Malinda or Malissa. The period after Dr was discarded for stylistic and legibility reasons in the 1950s, Dr Peppers logo was redesigned and the text in this new logo was slanted. The period made Dr. look like Di, after having been used intermittently in previous logos, followed by some debate, the period was removed permanently
12.
RC Cola
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RC Cola, also known as Royal Crown Cola, is a cola-flavored soft drink developed in 1905 by Claud A. Hatcher, a pharmacist in Columbus, Georgia, United States. In 1901, the Cole-Hampton-Hatcher Grocery Store was established in Columbus, in 1903, the Hatcher family took sole ownership and the name was changed to the Hatcher Grocery Store. The grocery store was located at what was 22 West 10th Street, todays address is 15 West 10th Street. At that same time, the popularity of bottled soft drinks rose rapidly, as a grocery wholesaler, Claud A. Hatcher purchased a large volume of Coca-Cola syrup from the local company salesman, Columbus Roberts. Hatcher felt that Hatcher Grocery Co. deserved a special reduced price for the syrup since it purchased such large volumes, Roberts would not budge on the cost, and a bitter conflict between the two erupted. Hatcher told Roberts he would win the battle by never purchasing any more Coca-Cola and he started developing products in the basement of the store with a recipe for ginger ale. The first product in the Royal Crown line was Royal Crown Ginger Ale in 1905, followed by Royal Crown Strawberry, the company was renamed Chero-Cola in 1910, and in 1925 renamed Nehi Corporation after its colored and flavored drinks. In 1934, Chero-Cola was reformulated by Rufus Kamm, a chemist, in the 1950s, Royal Crown Cola and moon pies were a popular working mans lunch in the American South. In 1954, Royal Crown was the first company to sell drinks in a can. In 1958, the introduced the first diet cola, Diet Rite, and in 1980. In the mid-1990s, RC released Royal Crown Draft Cola, billed as a premium cola using cane sugar as a sweetener, rather than high fructose corn syrup. It is now only in New Zealand, parts of Australia, Thailand. The company also released Cherry RC, a version of the RC soft drink, to compete with Cherry Coke. In October 2000, Royal Crown was acquired by Cadbury Schweppes plc through its acquisition of Snapple, Royal Crown operations were subsequently folded into Dr Pepper/Seven Up, a former subsidiary of Cadbury Schweppes. In the US, distribution is handled by Dr Pepper Snapple Group, RC Cola was introduced to Latvia in June 2010, and the United Kingdom in May 2011, and sold at Asda supermarkets and other retailers. It is bottled in the country by Cott Beverages and it is available in Estonia where it is distributed by A. In Australia, it is marketed by Australian Pure Fruits, RC Cola is bottled in Cyprus by Kean Soft Drinks Limited, and in the Philippines by ARC Bottlers. However, some of the former Cosmos top brass, in partnership with the Zest-O chairman, reintroduced RC Cola, today, RC Cola is the top-selling cola brand in the Philippines, and is the second largest cola brand in Israel, after Coca-Cola, but ahead of Pepsi
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