1.
United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Formula One
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Formula One is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de lAutomobile. The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950. The formula, designated in the name, refers to a set of rules, the F1 season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads. The results of each race are evaluated using a system to determine two annual World Championships, one for drivers, one for constructors. The racing drivers are required to be holders of valid Super Licences, the races are required to be held on tracks graded 1, the highest grade a track can receive by the FIA. Most events are held in locations on purpose-built tracks, but there are several events in city centres throughout the world. Formula One cars are the fastest road racing cars in the world. Formula One cars race at speeds of up to approximately 375 km/h with engines currently limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 RPM, the cars are capable of lateral acceleration in excess of five g in corners. The performance of the cars is very dependent on electronics – although traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008 – and on aerodynamics, suspension, the formula has radically evolved and changed through the history of the sport. F1 had a global television audience of 425 million people during the course of the 2014 season. Grand Prix racing began in 1906 and became the most popular internationally in the second half of the twentieth century. The Formula One Group is the holder of the commercial rights. Its high profile and popularity have created a major merchandising environment, since 2000 the sports spiraling expenditures and the distribution of prize money favoring established top teams have forced complaints from smaller teams and led several teams to bankruptcy. On 23 January 2017 it was confirmed that Liberty Media had completed its $8 billion acquisition of Delta Topco, the Formula One series originated with the European Grand Prix Motor Racing of the 1920s and 1930s. The formula is a set of rules that all cars must meet. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon after World War II during 1946, the first world championship race was held at Silverstone, United Kingdom in 1950. A championship for constructors followed in 1958, national championships existed in South Africa and the UK in the 1960s and 1970s. Non-championship Formula One events were held for years, but due to the increasing cost of competition
4.
1963 Belgian Grand Prix
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The 1963 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race, held at Spa-Francorchamps on June 9,1963. It was the race of the 1963 Formula One season. Jim Clark won the race in wet and rainy conditions. After starting eighth on the grid Clark passed all of the cars in front of him and this would be the first of 7 victories for Clark and Team Lotus that year. First podium, Brabham Chris Amon was 19 years old when he started in this race, notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
5.
British Racing Motors
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British Racing Motors was a British Formula One motor racing team. Founded in 1945 and based in the town of Bourne in Lincolnshire, it participated from 1950 to 1977, competing in 197 grands prix. BRM won the title in 1962 when its driver Graham Hill became world champion. In 1963,1964,1965 and 1971, BRM came second in the constructors competition. BRM was founded just after the Second World War by Raymond Mays, who had built several hillclimb and road racing cars under the ERA brand before the war, and Peter Berthon, Owen, whose group primarily manufactured car parts, took over the team in its entirety. Between 1954 and 1970 the team entered its works F1 cars under the name of the Owen Racing Organisation. Berthon and Mays continued to run the team on Rubery Owens behalf into the 1960s, before it was handed over to Louis Stanley, the husband of Sir Alfreds sister Jean Owen. A factory was set up in Spalding Road, Bourne, Lincolnshire, behind Eastgate House, Mays family home, several people involved with ERA returned to the firm to work for BRM, including Harry Mundy and Eric Richter. The team also had access to a test facility at Folkingham aerodrome, the first post-war rules for the top level of motor racing allowed 1. 5-litre supercharged or 4. 5-litre normally aspirated engines. BRMs first engine design was an extremely ambitious 1. 5-litre supercharged V16, Rolls-Royce was contracted to produce centrifugal superchargers, rather than the more commonly used Roots type. The design concept of the V16 had not been used extensively on automobiles before so that problems were many. This made the car very touchy to drive, engineer Tony Rudd was seconded to BRM from Rolls-Royce to develop the supercharging system and remained involved with BRM for nearly twenty years. The Type 15, which was the designation for the V16 car, won the first two races it actually started, the Formula Libre and Formula One events at Goodwood in September 1950, however, it was never to be so successful again. The engine proved unreliable and difficult to develop, and the team were not up to the task of improving the situation, the Type 25 was BRMs next car. The P25 was initially unsuccessful, not winning a race until a victory at the Dutch Grand Prix in 1959, colin Chapman helped to improve the car in 1956. However, the change was the promotion of an exceptional engineer who had been with the team since 1950. Rudd was the first professional engineer to exercise full control over the team. Raymond Mays and Peter Berthon were sidelined, the team had designed their first mid-engined car for 1960, matching the other teams, and won the World Drivers Championship with Graham Hill as driver, in 1962 with the P57
6.
List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions
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The Drivers Championship was first awarded in 1950, to Giuseppe Farina. The first driver to win multiple Championships was Alberto Ascari, in 1952 and 1953, the current Drivers Champion is Nico Rosberg, who won his one and only World Championship in 2016. A driver becomes the World Champion each season as soon as it is no longer possible for another to beat him whatever the outcome of the remaining races. The Drivers Championship has been won in the race of the season 29 times in the 67 seasons it has been awarded. The earliest in a season that the Drivers Championship has been clinched was in 2002, overall, thirty-three different drivers have won the Championship, with German Michael Schumacher holding the record for most titles, at seven. Schumacher also holds the record for most consecutive Drivers Championships, winning five from 2000 to 2004, the United Kingdom has produced the most World Championship winning drivers with ten, Brazil, Germany and Finland are next with three each. Of the 33 drivers to win the World Championship,20 are still alive, the most recently deceased is John Surtees. Among teams, Scuderia Ferrari has produced the most World Championship winning drivers with 15, bold indicates the team also won the Constructors Championship. ^ The 1952 and 1953 championships were run to Formula Two regulations, ^ Fangio competed in the 1954 Argentine and Belgian Grands Prix with Maserati, then completed the season with Mercedes. ^ Rindts championship was confirmed two rounds after he had killed in an accident during qualifying for the Italian Grand Prix. This left Villeneuve with a 39-point margin over Heinz-Harald Frentzen with 42 points, Drivers in bold will compete in the 2017 World Championship. Drivers in bold have competed in the 2016 World Championship, Constructors in bold have competed in the 2016 World Championship. ^ Fangio competed in the 1954 Argentine and Belgian Grands Prix with Maserati and this shared championship is counted for each of these constructors. Numbers in parentheses indicate championships won as the tyre supplier. Of those, Michael Schumacher is the driver to have won two sets of consecutive Formula One Drivers Championships
7.
Pole position
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The game was designed by Tōru Iwatani, who had also designed the Gee Bee games and Pac-Man. It was the most popular arcade game of 1983. Pole Position was released in two configurations, an upright cabinet, and an environmental/cockpit cabinet. By 1983, it had become the highest-grossing arcade game that year in North America and it was the most successful racing game of the classic era, spawning ports, sequels, and a Saturday morning cartoon, although the cartoon had nothing in common with the game. The game established the conventions of the game genre and its success inspired numerous imitators. Pole Position is regarded as one of the most influential games of all time. In this game, the controls a Formula One race car. After qualifying, the player races against seven other CPU-controlled cars in a championship race, the player must also avoid going off the road so that he or she will not crash into the billboards. Pole Position was the first racing game to feature a track based on a real racing circuit. It was also the first game to feature a qualifying lap, once the player has qualified, they must complete the race in the time allowed, avoiding collisions with CPU-controlled opponents and billboards along the sides of the track. The games publisher Atari publicized the game for its unbelievable driving realism in providing a Formula 1 experience behind a racing wheel, for manufacture and distribution in the United States, Namco approached Bally Midway with a choice of two games in 1982. Bally Midway chose Mappy while Atari was left to publish Pole Position, the game ran on the Namco Pole Position hardware, which was the first to use 16-bit microprocessors, with two Zilog Z8002 processors. It was also capable of displaying up to 3840 colors, the game was an early example of product placement within a video game, with billboards around the track advertising actual companies. Other billboards appeared in both versions, the game was also featured in a TV commercial shown only on MTV. It was part of a series of TV spots that Atari created in the 1980s exclusively for MTV and they also praised the sound effects and solid, realistic graphics, stating it has very rich color images and dimensional depth to the graphics. They also praised the graphics and breathtaking scenery as well as the two-heat format for the race itself. Computer and Video Games also reviewed the version in 1983. They compared it favorably with Turbo, stating that, while Turbo featured better landscapes, it cant match the speed, thrills and skill behind this new race game
8.
1963 Italian Grand Prix
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The 1963 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on September 8,1963. At this race, Scottish driver Jim Clark clinched the World Championship crown with three races to go, the first time anyone had done so, Jim Clark became the first driver to win the Drivers World Championship with 3 races left to go. Lotus-Climax also won the Constructors Championship and this was the last ever Formula One race with a distance of more than 300 miles. Notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings, Only the best 6 results counted towards the Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points, numbers in parentheses are total points scored
9.
1963 Formula One season
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The 1963 Formula One season was the 17th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 14th FIA World Championship of Drivers, the sixth International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, the World Championship commenced on 26 May 1963, and ended on 28 December after ten races. Jim Clark won his first championship with seven wins to two by Graham Hill and one by John Surtees in a revised Ferrari. However, unlike 1963 which only consisted of ten races, both the 1984 and 1988 seasons consisted of 16 races giving Clark a better winning ratio than either Prost or Senna. The ATS venture, founded by workers, a complete disaster which ruined Phil Hills Grand Prix career, was unrelated to the late 1970s German operation which was marginally more successful. The following teams and drivers competed in the 1963 FIA World Championship, points were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis at each round, with only the best six round results retained. Italics indicate fastest lap Bold indicates pole position ‡ No points awarded as Hills car was pushed at the start line, points were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis at each round with only the best six round results retained. Only the best placed car from each manufacturer at each round was eligible to score points, Bold results counted to championship totals. ‡ No points awarded as Hills car was pushed at the start line, other Formula One races were also held in 1963, which did not count towards the World Championship
10.
BRM
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British Racing Motors was a British Formula One motor racing team. Founded in 1945 and based in the town of Bourne in Lincolnshire, it participated from 1950 to 1977, competing in 197 grands prix. BRM won the title in 1962 when its driver Graham Hill became world champion. In 1963,1964,1965 and 1971, BRM came second in the constructors competition. BRM was founded just after the Second World War by Raymond Mays, who had built several hillclimb and road racing cars under the ERA brand before the war, and Peter Berthon, Owen, whose group primarily manufactured car parts, took over the team in its entirety. Between 1954 and 1970 the team entered its works F1 cars under the name of the Owen Racing Organisation. Berthon and Mays continued to run the team on Rubery Owens behalf into the 1960s, before it was handed over to Louis Stanley, the husband of Sir Alfreds sister Jean Owen. A factory was set up in Spalding Road, Bourne, Lincolnshire, behind Eastgate House, Mays family home, several people involved with ERA returned to the firm to work for BRM, including Harry Mundy and Eric Richter. The team also had access to a test facility at Folkingham aerodrome, the first post-war rules for the top level of motor racing allowed 1. 5-litre supercharged or 4. 5-litre normally aspirated engines. BRMs first engine design was an extremely ambitious 1. 5-litre supercharged V16, Rolls-Royce was contracted to produce centrifugal superchargers, rather than the more commonly used Roots type. The design concept of the V16 had not been used extensively on automobiles before so that problems were many. This made the car very touchy to drive, engineer Tony Rudd was seconded to BRM from Rolls-Royce to develop the supercharging system and remained involved with BRM for nearly twenty years. The Type 15, which was the designation for the V16 car, won the first two races it actually started, the Formula Libre and Formula One events at Goodwood in September 1950, however, it was never to be so successful again. The engine proved unreliable and difficult to develop, and the team were not up to the task of improving the situation, the Type 25 was BRMs next car. The P25 was initially unsuccessful, not winning a race until a victory at the Dutch Grand Prix in 1959, colin Chapman helped to improve the car in 1956. However, the change was the promotion of an exceptional engineer who had been with the team since 1950. Rudd was the first professional engineer to exercise full control over the team. Raymond Mays and Peter Berthon were sidelined, the team had designed their first mid-engined car for 1960, matching the other teams, and won the World Drivers Championship with Graham Hill as driver, in 1962 with the P57
11.
Dunlop Tyres
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Dunlop is a brand of tyres owned by various companies around the world. It is owned and operated by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in North America, Europe, Australia, in India the brand is owned by Dunlop India Ltd. whose parent company is the Ruia Group. In Asia, Africa and Latin America by Sumitomo Rubber Industries, in 1985, Dunlop Rubber Company was acquired by BTR plc, and Sumitomo acquired the rights to manufacture and market Dunlop branded road tyres. Sumitomo did not acquire any Dunlop company, in 1997 Sumitomo gained agreement to use the Dunlop name in its corporate name, and changed the name of its UK subsidiary to Dunlop Tyres Ltd. The company has manufacturing operations throughout the world. With the closure of the Washington plant in 2006, Goodyear Dunlop ceased mainstream car, until May 2014 Goodyear Dunlop occupied a compact part of the site with their British main office. In the UK, the company operates as an organisation, importing tyres from manufacturing plants around the world, including China, Slovenia. The Goodyear Dunlop joint venture is managed from sites in Luxembourg and Brussels, fort Dunlop was a motorsport manufacturing operation located in a corner of the original Dunlop factory in Erdington, Birmingham, established in 1891 until May 2014. This factory produced specialised vintage, motorcycle and touring car tyres, on 30 May 2014, the Birmingham factory ceased tyre production, ending Dunlop tyre production in the UK. The main Birmingham building has been redeveloped extensively as a residential, office and hotel complex, with a modern shopping facility, car dealerships. It can be observed between junction 5 and 6 of the M6, on the side of the motorway. Dunlop Tyres is the tyre supplier to the British Touring Car Championship, V8 Supercars Championship. It was also the sole supplier for the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters from 2000-2010. Dunlop also supplies tyres to the Japanese Super GTs Nakajima Racing, classes in the FIA World Endurance Championship, the Dunlop GP Racer D209 tyre has been chosen repeatedly as a control tyre for the R&G Racing GSX-R Trophy motorcycle race. It has also chosen for the Henderson Harley-Davidson XR1200 Trophy. The History of the Pneumatic Tyre
12.
1963 Monaco Grand Prix
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The 1963 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monaco on May 26,1963. It was the first round of the 1963 Formula One season, the 100-lap race was won by British driver Graham Hill driving a BRM P57. After de Beaufort withdrew, his entry was taken over by Bernard Collomb, Collomb was eventually excluded for being too slow, despite being faster in qualifying than Jack Brabham, and despite there being room on the grid. It wasnt until the 2015 Australian Grand Prix that so few cars started the season opener, notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
13.
1963 Dutch Grand Prix
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The 1963 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Zandvoort on June 23,1963. It was the round of the 1963 Formula One season. The 80-lap race was won by Lotus driver Jim Clark after he started from pole position, dan Gurney finished second for the Brabham team and Ferrari driver John Surtees came in third. Notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
14.
1963 French Grand Prix
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The 1963 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Reims on June 30,1963. It was the round of the 1963 Formula One season. The race was won by Jim Clark driving a Lotus 25-Climax 1. 5l V8, Jim Clark took the lead at the start from Richie Ginther in the BRM. All Graham Hills hard work in qualifying second despite mechanical problems in practice came to nothing when his engine died on the grid, the subsequent one-minute penalty dropped him well back. Clark led dominantly, his lead being extended when a stone pierced Ginthers radiator, jack Brabham took second place after a strong fight with Trevor Taylor, who also suffered mechanical problems. Brabham then began to gain significantly on Clark as the Scots Climax engine started to splutter, however proved to be a sporadic fault. It was Brabham himself who dropped out when a lead came adrift, handing second and third to Tony Maggs, Clark was over a minute ahead of them after yet another start-to-finish victory. Phil Hill was originally entered as car #24, to drive the ATS, when the ATS team withdrew, he switched to drive the Scuderia Filipinetti Lotus-BRM
15.
1963 German Grand Prix
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The 1963 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Nürburgring on August 4,1963. It was the round of the 1963 Formula One season. The 15-lap race was won by Ferrari driver John Surtees after he started from second position, Jim Clark finished second for the Lotus team and BRM driver Richie Ginther came in third. Jim Clark led away from pole in his customary fashion, graham Hill retired leaving Clark to battle away with John Surtees and Trevor Taylor before engine problems befell Taylor. When Clarks engine went down to just 7 cylinders, Surtees was able to him easily to lead him home to take his first F1 victory. Gerhard Mitter finished in a fourth place in his home race from Jim Hall. This race was notable for being the only time Jim Clark ever finished second in a World Championship race, notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
16.
1963 United States Grand Prix
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The 1963 United States Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on October 6,1963, at the Watkins Glen Grand Prix Race Course in Watkins Glen, New York. It was the round of the 1963 Formula One season. The 110-lap race was won by BRM driver Graham Hill after he started from pole position and his teammate Richie Ginther finished second and Lotus driver Jim Clark came in third. By the time the teams – including Ferrari for the first time at Watkins Glen – came to America, Jim Clark had wrapped up the Drivers Championship with five wins in seven races. At The Glen, however, the day belonged to Graham Hill and BRM, as Hill started from the pole and won by more than half a minute over American teammate Richie Ginther. Hill owed much of his success to Clarks dead battery on the grid. In the first hour of qualifying on Friday, Clarks Lotus equalled his lap record of 1,15.0 from the previous year, Hill and Surtees were right on the Scots pace, as well, and all three were soon under 1,14. At one point, Hills BRM jumped out of gear on the straight and left the track, skipping through the woods without hitting any trees. On Saturday, Canadian Peter Broekers Stebro dumped oil all around the circuit, Race day was bright and clear with a record crowd of nearly 60,000. A dummy grid was used for the first time in a Championship Grand Prix, at the flag, Hill led Ginther, Surtees, Gurney, Tony Maggs, Gregory and Brabham up the hill and through the Esses. The Lotus crew discovered that Clarks battery was dead, and by the time they replaced it, Broekers Stebro, Surtees made the first move, getting by Ginther to split the BRMs, and then, on lap seven, taking the lead from Hill. Gurney followed him and took second briefly, before surrendering the spot back to Hill, by lap 15, Clark was up into 14th place with his engine still not sounding entirely right. Hill began pushing Surtees on lap 30 and he got by to take the lead after shadowing for two laps, gave it back, took it again two laps later, and finally surrendered it again, settling into the Ferraris slipstream. On lap 43, Gurney suddenly slowed and then retired from third place with fuel starvation, after trailing Surtees closely for some time, Hill lost his tow when his anti-roll bar came loose and the BRMs handling changed abruptly. Fighting severe understeer, he began throwing the car turns to slide the rear end around, flinging stones off the curbs. On lap 82, with no threat to his lead, Surteess engine lost power, I was just hanging on to him, Hill said afterward. He was gaining a half-second each lap on me until he went out, I think it was a good measure of the difference in our two cars. Suddenly in the again, with only Ginther on the same lap, Hill backed off
17.
1963 Mexican Grand Prix
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The 1963 Mexican Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in Mexico City on October 27,1963. Jim Clark dominated the race from pole position, a time that was 1.7 seconds faster than anybody else, Mexico was considered one of his most successful venues. His fastest lap of the race eclipsed his pole time by 0.7 seconds and he would eventually score a total of five pole positions, four fastest laps and three victories at the venue in his Formula One career. This was also his sixth win, his sixth fastest lap and this was also the only World Championship Grand Prix where a car raced with the number 13 until Pastor Maldonado selected the number as his permanent race number in 2014. Surtees was disqualified for a push-start, notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings. Only the best 6 results counted towards the Championship, numbers without parentheses are Championship points, numbers in parentheses are total points scored
18.
1963 South African Grand Prix
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The 1963 South African Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at East London on 28 December 1963. It was the tenth and final race of the 1963 Formula One season, the 85-lap race was won by Lotus driver Jim Clark after he started from pole position. Dan Gurney finished second for the Brabham team and BRM driver Graham Hill came in third, first F1 Grand Prix start for Sam Tingle Notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings. Only the best 6 results counted towards the Championship, numbers without parentheses are Championship points, numbers in parentheses are total points scored
19.
1964 Formula One season
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The 1964 Formula One season was the 18th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. The season also included eight races for Formula One cars. Clark was forced to stop with an oil leak on the last lap, honda made a low-key debut in grand prix racing with the American driver Ronnie Bucknum, and Maurice Trintignant retired at the age of 46 after one of the longest world championship careers. Ferrari won the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, dutchman Carel Godin de Beaufort died during practice for the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring, driving a privately entered Porsche 718. The following teams and drivers competed in the 1964 FIA World Championship, the following races counted towards the 1964 World Championship of Drivers and the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers. Championship points were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis for the first six positions in each race, only the best 6 results counted toward the championship. Hill scored 41 points during the year, but only 39 points were counted toward the championship, Surtees scored 40 points, all of which counted toward the championship. Thus, Surtees became the World Champion, although he did not score the most points over the course of the year, points were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis for the first six positions at each round with only the best six round results retained. Only the best placed car from each manufacturer at each round was eligible to score points, eight other races which did not count towards the World Championship of Drivers and the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers were held for Formula One cars during the season
20.
Coventry Climax
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Coventry Climax was a British forklift truck, fire pump, racing, and other speciality engine manufacturer. An early user was GWK, who produced over 1,000 light cars with Coventry-Simplex two-cylinder engines between 1911 and 1915, just before World War I a Coventry-Simplex engine was used by Lionel Martin to power the first Aston Martin car. Ernest Shackleton selected Coventry-Simplex to power the tractors that were to be used in his Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914, hundreds of Coventry-Simplex engines were manufactured during World War I to be used in generating sets for searchlights. In 1917 the company was renamed Coventry Climax and moved to East Street, in the 1920s the company moved to Friars Road, Coventry and in the late 1930s they also acquired the former Riley premises on Widdrington Road, Coventry. In the early 1930s the company supplied engines for buses. With the closure of Swift in 1931, the company was left with a stock of engines that were converted to electric generators. Going into the war, Coventry Climax used their marine diesel experience to further develop and this has been fitted as an auxiliary engine in the British Chieftain and Challenger battle tanks and Rapier anti-aircraft missile systems. In the late 1940s, the company shifted away from engines and into other markets, including marine diesels, fire pumps. In 1946, the ET199 was announced, which the company claimed was the first British-produced forklift truck, the ET199 was designed to carry a 4,000 lb load with a 24-inch load centre, and with a 9 ft lift height. This was designated the FW, for Feather Weight, the engine was displayed at the Motor Show in London and attracted attention from the motor racing fraternity for its very high horsepower per pound of weight. The FWA became popular in racing and was followed by the Mark II. The new Formula Two regulations suited the 1. 5-litre engine, the following year, the first Climax engines began to appear in Formula One in the back of Cooper chassis. Initially, these were FWBs but the FPF engine followed, Stirling Moss scored the companys first Formula One victory, in Argentina in 1958, using a 2-litre version of the engine. At the same time, the company produced the FWE engine for Lotus Elite, there were a total of 22 Grand Prix victories before 1966 with crossplane, flatplane, two- and four-valve versions of the FWMV. This combination was considered radical at the time, especially the syncromesh on all forward gears. The adoption to mass-production was successful, and the project out to the market as the 875cc Hillman Imp totaling over 400,000 units made by 1976 including the later 998cc version. Nonetheless, Coventry Climax remained in Formula One until they were unable to come up with a new engine for the three-litre formula, the company was purchased by Jaguar Cars in 1963, which itself merged with the British Motor Corporation in 1966 to form British Motor Holdings. The citation reads, Awarded to Coventry Climax Engines Ltd. for the design, development, the history of this trophy dates back to 1906
21.
1964 Monaco Grand Prix
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The 1964 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monaco on May 10,1964. It was the first race of the 1964 Formula One season, peter Arundell scored his first podium finish, and Mike Hailwood his first point. Notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings,1964 Monaco Grand Prix at statsf1. com 1964 Monaco Grand Prix at grandprix. com
22.
1964 Dutch Grand Prix
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The 1964 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Zandvoort on 24 May 1964. It was the race of the 1964 Formula One season. The 80-lap race was won by Lotus driver Jim Clark after he started from second position, john Surtees finished second for the Ferrari team and Clarks teammate Peter Arundell came in third. Final F1 Grand Prix start for Carel Godin de Beaufort, notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
23.
1964 Belgian Grand Prix
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The 1964 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Spa-Francorchamps on 14 June 1964. It was the race of the 1964 Formula One season. This was also Clarks third consecutive victory in Belgium, peter Revson was disqualified because he received a push start after his engine cut out. Notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings,1964 Belgian Grand Prix at StatsF1
24.
1964 British Grand Prix
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The 1964 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Brands Hatch on 11 July 1964. The event was designated as the European Grand Prix. It was the first of twelve Formula One races to be held at the southern England circuit, it would alternate with Silverstone until 1987, the race was won by Jim Clark driving a Lotus 25. Notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings,1964 British Grand Prix at statsf1. com 1964 British Grand Prix at grandprix. com
25.
1964 German Grand Prix
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The 1964 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Nürburgring on 2 August 1964. It was the race of the 1964 Formula One season. The 15-lap race was won by Ferrari driver John Surtees after he started from pole position, graham Hill finished second for the BRM team and Surteess teammate Lorenzo Bandini came in third. This was the first race in F1 for Honda and this was the last points finish for Maurice Trintignant in his 14-year Formula 1 career. Notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings,1964 German Grand Prix at statsf1. com 1964 German Grand Prix at grandprix. com
26.
1964 Austrian Grand Prix
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The 1964 Austrian Grand Prix was a Formula One World Championship motor race held at Zeltweg Airfield on August 23,1964. It was the race of the 1964 Formula One season. The 105-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Lorenzo Bandini after he started from seventh position, richie Ginther finished second for the BRM team and Brabham driver Bob Anderson came in third. This was the debut World Championship race of the world champion Jochen Rindt. Lorenzo Bandinis first and only World Championship race win, Jochen Rindts World Championship debut, he became the first Austrian F1 driver to take part in the Championship. Notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings, Only best 6 results counted toward the championship. Numbers without parentheses are championship points, numbers in parentheses are total points scored,1964 Austrian Grand Prix at statsf1. com 1964 Austrian Grand Prix at grandprix. com
27.
1964 Italian Grand Prix
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The 1964 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza on September 6,1964. It was the race of the 1964 Formula One season. The 78-lap race was won by Ferrari driver John Surtees after he started from pole position, bruce McLaren finished second for the Cooper team and Ferrari driver Lorenzo Bandini came in third. Jean-Claude Rudaz, who had qualified 20th fastest, was unable to start the race after blowing up his engine and was replaced by Maurice Trintignant, notes, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings. Only best 6 results counted toward the championship, numbers without parentheses are championship points, numbers in parentheses are total points scored. 1964 Italian Grand Prix at statsf1. com 1964 Italian Grand Prix at grandprix. com
28.
1964 United States Grand Prix
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The 1964 United States Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on October 4,1964, at the Watkins Glen Grand Prix Race Course in Watkins Glen, New York. It was the race of the 1964 Formula One season. The 110-lap race was won by BRM driver Graham Hill after he started from fourth position, John Surtees finished second for the Ferrari team and Brabham driver Jo Siffert came in third. Graham Hill padded his tenuous lead in the 1964 Drivers Championship over John Surtees, Surtees was second for Ferrari,30.5 seconds back. The Ferrari team brought four cars for Surtees and Lorenzo Bandini, the only entrant missing from the 20 who were invited was American A. J. Foyt, who was offered a works BRM drive for the race, but decided against it. Colin Chapman had both an older Type 25 and the new Type 33 Lotus for Clark, but the Scot had little time to practice in the version by the time it was ready. He set the fastest time using the old, reliable one, anyway, Surtees, Gurney and Hill were all under 1,13, as well, followed by Bruce McLaren and Clarks teammate, Mike Spence. Cool breezes and bright sun welcomed a crowd of 65,000 on Sunday to see the next to last round of a tense Championship battle. Hill led Clark by two points, with Surtees, having won two of the three races, just two points behind Clark in third. Clark led off the line, but Surtees and Spence quickly went past, after one lap, the order was Surtees, Spence, Hill, Clark, Jack Brabham, Innes Ireland, Gurney and McLaren. Gurney quickly recovered from his start by getting around Ireland. Hill briefly overtook Spence for second spot, but then Clark seemed to take the bit between his teeth, the Scot surged past the BRM of Hill and set off after Surtees, taking the lead from the Ferrari on lap 13 as they exited the right-hander before the pits. For the next 18 laps, Clark continually drew away from Surtees, Gurney passed Spence to pursue Hill for third place, until Hill moved into second place by getting around Surtees on lap 31. On lap 40, Clarks Lotus began to misfire as a result of a fuel injection problem, Surtees, then Hill and Gurney, went by before he entered the pits on lap 44. The crew spent two laps adjusting the system, and he rejoined in next to last spot. Chapman called teammate Spence in from fourth place and replaced him with Clark, in the hopes that Clark could get ahead of Hill and Surtees, Spence continued in Clarks car, but retired it after five more laps. Meanwhile, Hill had taken the back from Surtees on lap 45. When the leaders came up to lap Hills teammate, American Richie Ginther, on lap 61, Hills BRM seemed to have less trouble getting by than the pursuing Ferrari
29.
1964 Mexican Grand Prix
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The 1964 Mexican Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in Mexico City on October 25,1964. It was the round of the 1964 Formula One season. It was perhaps the most dramatic finale in the history of the Formula One World Championship, Championship points could only be scored by the first six place finishers. Arriving to the race, three drivers had a chance of winning the title, Graham Hill with 39 points, John Surtees with 34 points and Jim Clark with 30 points. In order to win the title Clark had to win the race and hope that John Surtees would finish not higher than third, Surtees could only win the title by finishing first, in each case, or second, unless Hill finished as high as third. The race began with Clark leading from pole position with Dan Gurney running second in the Brabham-Climax, Hill and Lorenzo Bandini, Surtees teammate at Ferrari, were duelling for third place with Surtees running a distant fifth, seemingly with no chance at winning the title. Then Bandini ran into the back of Hills car causing him to spin, thereafter Hills car ran with a crimped exhaust pipe causing him to lose power. The championship was now firmly in Clarks grasp, if the positions remained the same, he would be champion with four victories to Hills two victories, although they would be tied on points at 39. But on the lap, Clarks engine seized and the positions were now Gurney-Bandini-Surtees. The title was back in Hills grasp, Bandini dutifully did so and Surtees finished second, thus winning the World Championship by one point over Hill. For the first time,3 British drivers went into the last race with a chance of winning the championship, if his engine hadnt blown in the last laps, he wouldve done just enough to win the championship. In another first, three constructors were fighting for the championship, only best 6 results counted toward the championship. Numbers without parentheses are championship points, numbers in parentheses are total points scored,1964 Mexican Grand Prix at statsf1. com 1964 Mexican Grand Prix at grandprix. com
30.
Belgium
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Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres and has a population of about 11 million people. Additionally, there is a group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area. Historically, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg were known as the Low Countries, the region was called Belgica in Latin, after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, today, Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. It is divided into three regions and three communities, that exist next to each other and its two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region is a bilingual enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia, Belgiums linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance, made up of six different governments. Upon its independence, declared in 1830, Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution and, during the course of the 20th century, possessed a number of colonies in Africa. This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms, resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993. Belgium is also a member of the Eurozone, NATO, OECD and WTO. Its capital, Brussels, hosts several of the EUs official seats as well as the headquarters of major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium is also a part of the Schengen Area, Belgium is a developed country, with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as very high in the Human Development Index. A gradual immigration by Germanic Frankish tribes during the 5th century brought the area under the rule of the Merovingian kings, a gradual shift of power during the 8th century led the kingdom of the Franks to evolve into the Carolingian Empire. Many of these fiefdoms were united in the Burgundian Netherlands of the 14th and 15th centuries, the Eighty Years War divided the Low Countries into the northern United Provinces and the Southern Netherlands. The latter were ruled successively by the Spanish and the Austrian Habsburgs and this was the theatre of most Franco-Spanish and Franco-Austrian wars during the 17th and 18th centuries. The reunification of the Low Countries as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands occurred at the dissolution of the First French Empire in 1815, although the franchise was initially restricted, universal suffrage for men was introduced after the general strike of 1893 and for women in 1949. The main political parties of the 19th century were the Catholic Party, French was originally the single official language adopted by the nobility and the bourgeoisie
Ian Burgess
Tony Settember
André Pilette
Pedro Rodriguez
