A season is a division of the year based on changes in weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a given region. On Earth, seasons are the result of the axial parallelism of Earth's tilted
Axial parallelism is a characteristic of the Earth (and most other orbiting bodies in space) in which the direction of the axis remains parallel to itself throughout its orbit.
Illumination of Earth at each change of astronomical season
Two images showing the amount of reflected sunlight at southern and northern summer solstices respectively (watts / m2)
Angular size of the Sun at Earth's orbital periapsis called perihelion (max./closest, 2. to 5. January) and at apoapsis called aphelion (min./furthest, 3. to 6. July). The resulting 7% difference in solar intensity does not overpower geographic factors of climate, with seasons staying more moderate on the Southern Hemisphere due to having less landmass.
Summer or summertime is the hottest and brightest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centered on the summer solstice, daylight hours are the longest and dar
Season
…months in the Southern Hemisphere. In temperate and sub-polar regions, four seasons based on the Gregorian calendar are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Ecologists often use a six-season model for temperate climate regions which are not tied to any fixed calendar dates: prevernal…
During summer in the polar regions, the sun can appear even at midnight. Photo of midnight sun in Inari, Finland.
Wet season thunderstorm at night in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Image of Hurricane Ida from late August 2021.