1.
NJ Transit Rail Operations
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NJ Transit Rail Operations is the rail division of NJ Transit. It provides commuter service in New Jersey, with most service centered on transportation to and from New York City, Hoboken. NJ Transit also operates service in Orange and Rockland counties in New York under contract to Metro-North Railroad. This does not include NJ Transits light rail operations, as of 2012, NJ Transits commuter rail network consists of 11 lines and 164 stations, primarily concentrated in northern New Jersey, with one line running between Atlantic City and Philadelphia. The former Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines Atlantic City Line is also included in the Newark Division, Conrail, CSX, Norfolk Southern and several short lines currently have trackage rights contracts to operate freight service on NJ Transit lines. The Morristown & Erie Railway can only use NJT trackage to get between its owned trackage, it cannot serve customers on NJ Transit trackage, a similar situation exists for Conrail on the Atlantic City Line. These lines were purchased by the New Jersey Department of Transportation in the late 1970s for railbanking purposes, other major yard facilities are located at Hoboken Terminal. Amtraks Sunnyside Yard in Queens, New York serves as a facility for trains to New York Penn Station. Additional yards are located at outlying points along the lines, there are eight non-revenue work diesels used for these purposes. Equipment owned by Metro-North carries AAR reporting marks MNCW without exception and these locomotives carry NJTR reporting marks for revenue service. Not included are the EMU cars, which are technically locomotives, ONLY active revenue locomotives are listed, retired equipment is unlisted. All non-revenue locomotives are diesel-powered and legally carry the same NJTR AAR reporting marks as all other equipment without exception, as these locomotives lack HEP, they do not haul trains in passenger service unless performing a rescue. NJ Transit has a fleet of over 1,000 passenger cars, the fleet and examples are described below. Except for the Comet IIM, all examples shown are cab cars leading or on the end of trains. Car groupings are, except for the Arrow III MUs, arranged in the order, cab cars, trailers with lavatories, and trailers without lavatories. Single Arrow III MUs are GE Model MA-1J, married pairs are GE Model MA-1H, NJ Transit provides passenger service on 12 lines at total of 165 stations, some operated conjunction with Amtrak and Metro North. NJ Transit NJ Transit Rail Draft 2012 State Rail Plan
2.
Secaucus, New Jersey
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Secaucus is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Secaucus is a derivation of the Algonquian words for black and snake, or place of snakes, or sekakes, sikakes, once an island, was part of the territory purchased by Director-General of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant in 1658. Settlement had begun by at least 1733 by the Smith family, Secaucus was originally formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 12,1900, from portions of North Bergen. On June 7,1917, Secaucus was incorporated as a town, replacing Secaucus borough, Secaucus was originally an agricultural community specializing in flowers. It later became known for its pig farms in the first half of the 20th century, in the early 1900s the town was home to approximately 55 pig farms, which housed nearly 250,000 pigs, which outnumbered humans 16 to 1. These farms served the demands of Newark and New York. Many of them were politicians, most notably pork peddler Henry B. Krajewski, who ran for New Jersey senator, three times for governor and twice for U. S. President, the towns pig farms, rendering plants, and junk yards gave the town a reputation for being one of the most odorous in the New York metropolitan area. In the 1950s the pig began to dwindle, partially due to construction on the New Jersey Turnpike. In 1963, debris from the demolition of Pennsylvania Station was dumped in the Secaucus Meadowlands, in later decades Secaucus became more of a commuter town. In a non-binding referendum in 1969, 90% of voters in Secaucus chose to leave Hudson County and join Bergen County, however, only the state has the authority to change county lines, so it never came to fruition. Today it remains the most suburban town in Hudson County, New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Secaucus as its 182nd best place to live in its 2010 rankings of the Best Places To Live in New Jersey, after ranking the borough 11th in its 2008 rankings. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town had an area of 6.599 square miles. At the southern end of Secaucus is Snake Hill, an igneous rock intrusion jutting up some 150 feet from the Meadowlands below. Being partly surrounded by the Hackensack Meadowlands, Secaucus provides opportunities to observe the recovery of natural marshes in the towns post industrial, the Hackensack River and its tributary Mill Creek create the other borders for the district. The North End is one of the older, traditional residential neighborhoods of Secaucus which itself has been transformed to a town and retail. It is home to Secaucus High School, whose fields are used by the Bergen County Scholastic League. Nearby Schmiddts Wood is one of the last original hardwood forests in urban North Jersey, as part of the New Jersey Meadowlands District, the areas along the river are characterized by wetlands preservation and restoration areas
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Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
NJ Transit
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NJT also acts as a purchasing agency for many private operators in New Jersey, with numerous private operators receiving equipment from NJT for route service within the state not controlled by NJT. NJT was founded on July 17,1979, an offspring of the New Jersey Department of Transportation and it came into being with the passage of the Public Transportation Act of 1979 to acquire, operate, and contract for transportation service in the public interest. NJT originally acquired and managed a number of bus services, one of the largest being those operated by the states largest electric company. It gradually acquired most of the bus services. In northern New Jersey, many of the bus routes are arranged in a web, in southern New Jersey, most routes are arranged in a spoke-and-hub fashion, with routes emanating from Trenton, Camden, and Atlantic City. Since inception, rail ridership has quadrupled, in the 1990s the rail system expanded, with new Midtown Direct service to New York City and new equipment. On October 21,2001, it opened a new station at Newark Liberty International Airport, on October 31,2005, NJT took over Clocker service from Amtrak. Four new trains were added to the schedule, but cut back to Trenton, during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, the rail operations center of NJ Transit was flooded by 8 feet of water and an emergency generator submerged. Floodwater damaged at least 65 locomotive engines and 257 rail cars, the Governor of New Jersey appoints a seven-member Board of Directors, four members from the general public and three State officials. The Governor has veto power on decisions made by the board, for buses around Trenton, and NJ Transit Rail Operations, Inc. for commuter rail. NJT operates 871 bus routes using 2,477 buses and the Newark Light Rail with 20 light rail vehicles, the bus fleet includes buses purchased for other New Jersey operators above the 2,477. The fleet consists of 52 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned by NJT, Newark Light Rail – two segments serving Newark and the surrounding area. The Newark City Subway has 12 stops, is 4.3 miles long, connecting Newark Penn Station to North Newark, the Broad Street Extension has five stops, is 1.0 mile long, and connects Newark Penn Station to Newark Broad Street Station. The fleet consists of 21 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned and operated by the Central Division of NJT Bus Operations. River Line – a 21-stop 34 miles line from Trenton to Camden along the Delaware River, mostly along the Bordentown Secondary line formerly owned by Conrail, the fleet consists of 20 Stadler GTW diesel light rail vehicles owned by NJT and operated under contract by Bombardier Transportation. NJT operates over 100 diesel locomotives, of which 11 are supplied by Metro-North Railroad as part of an agreement for the Port Jervis Line. It has over 650 push-pull cars, of which 65 are supplied by Metro-North, the New Jersey Transit Police Department is the transit police force for NJT. It is a police agency with statewide jurisdiction with the primary focus on policing the numerous bus depots, rail
5.
Northeast Corridor
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The Northeast Corridor is an electrified railway line in the Northeast megalopolis of the United States. Owned primarily by Amtrak, it runs from Boston through New York City, Philadelphia, the NEC closely parallels Interstate 95 for most of its length, and is the busiest passenger rail line in the United States by ridership and service frequency as of 2013. Branches to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and Springfield, Massachusetts, though not considered part of the Northeast Corridor, the corridor is used by many Amtrak trains, including the high-speed Acela Express, intercity trains, and several long-distance trains. Most of the corridor also has frequent commuter service, operated by the MBTA, Shore Line East, Metro-North Railroad, New Jersey Transit, SEPTA. Several companies run freight trains over sections of the NEC, much of the line is built for speeds higher than the 79 mph allowed on many U. S. tracks. Acela covers the 225 miles between New York and Washington, D. C. in under 3 hours, and the 229 miles between New York and Boston in under 3.5 hours. Under Amtraks $151 billion Northeast Corridor plan, which hopes to roughly halve travel times by 2040, the Northeast Corridor was built by several railroads between the 1830s and 1917. The route was later consolidated under two railroads, the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad between Boston and New York, and the Pennsylvania Railroad between New York and Washington, boston-Providence, Boston and Providence Railroad opened 1835, partially realigned in 1847 and in 1899. Became part of the Old Colony Railroad in 1888, providence-Stonington, New York, Providence and Boston Railroad opened 1837, partially realigned 1848. Stonington-New Haven, New Haven, New London and Stonington Railroad opened 1852-1889, New Haven-New Rochelle, New York and New Haven Railroad opened 1849. New Rochelle-Port Morris, Harlem River and Port Chester Railroad opened 1873, Port Morris-Sunnyside Yard, New York Connecting Railroad, opened 1917. Sunnyside Yard-Manhattan Transfer, Pennsylvania Tunnel and Terminal Railroad opened 1910, Manhattan Transfer-Trenton, United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company opened 1834-1839,1841, partially realigned 1863 and 1870. Trenton-Frankford Junction, Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad opened 1834, partially realigned 1911, frankford Junction-Zoo Tower, Connecting Railway opened 1867. Zoo Tower-Grays Ferry Bridge, Junction Railroad opened 1863-1866, grays Ferry-Bayview, Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad opened 1837-1838,1866,1906. Bayview Yard-Baltimore Union Station, Union Railroad opened 1873, Baltimore Union Station-Landover, Baltimore and Potomac Rail Road opened 1872. Electricity was in use on branch lines of the NYNH&H for interurban streetcars via third rail or trolley wire. The NH announced in 1905 that it would electrify its main line from New York to Stamford, electric locomotives began serving Grand Central on February 13,1907, and all NYC passenger service into Grand Central was electrified on July 1. NH electrification began on July 24 to New Rochelle, August 5 to Port Chester and October 6,1907 the rest of the way to Stamford, steam trains last operated into Grand Central on June 30,1908, after which all NH passenger trains into Manhattan were electrified
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Main Line (NJ Transit)
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The Main Line is a rail line owned and operated by New Jersey Transit running from Suffern, New York to Hoboken, New Jersey, in the United States. It runs daily commuter service and was once the main line of the Erie Railroad. It is colored yellow on NJ Transit system maps, and its symbol is a water wheel, the Bergen County Line splits off the Main Line just west of the Secaucus Junction transfer station and rejoins it at Ridgewood. Trains on both lines are push-pull, powered by diesel locomotives, the Erie Railroads main line ran from Jersey City to Chicago via Binghamton, New York, Buffalo, Akron, Ohio, and Marion, Indiana, with a spur to Cleveland. The section in New Jersey and lower New York State saw frequent commuter service to the waterfront Pavonia Terminal, Jersey City, the final run of this route was on January 4,1970. The Erie Jersey City terminal was abandoned circa 1959 after all Erie service had moved to the Lackawanna Hoboken Terminal, service under Erie Lackawanna introduced new GE U34CH diesels and Comet I cars in 1970 which lasted under NJ DOT and Conrail into the NJ Transit era. Metro-North took over service north of Suffern in 1983, service was increased along with the opening of the Secaucus Transfer Station in late 2003. Midway through the tunnel there are air shafts allowing light through, exiting the tunnel, the train curves right onto the Main Line at West End interlocking in Jersey City. Until 1963 this was the DL&W Boonton Branch, about a mile ahead was the connection built circa 1956 with the Erie main line, two trains collided head-on here in 1996, killing two engineers and a passenger. New Jersey Turnpike Interchange 15X is now on the Erie alignment, at Secaucus Junction all trains stop for passengers to change to and from Northeast Corridor Line North Jersey Coast Line, Raritan Valley Line and Midtown Direct trains on the upper level. The Main Line then runs through a section of Secaucus. Shortly afterwards the Bergen County Line curves right on its new connection to the Erie alignment, the Main Line then crosses over the Hackensack River on the single-track Upper Hack Lift bridge, built in 1958. Double track resumes under the New Jersey Turnpikes western spur after 0.4 mile of single track, the train continues through the Meadowlands and passes the first grade crossing at Valley Brook Avenue in Lyndhurst. The line curves slightly and passes through the 1903 Kingsland tunnel, Kingsland station is shortly after the tunnel in an open cut. Just beyond Kingsland station is Lyndhurst station, on an embankment, after Lyndhurst the train crosses the Passaic River on a swing bridge that has been bolted shut, although it is required by Federal regulation to be opened on 24 hours notice. The train passes under Route 3 and approaches Delawanna station, next stop is Passaic, on an embankment. After Passaic, the Main Line has a stretch through some areas before the Clifton station. The Main Line passes under U. S. Route 46 and the Garden State Parkway before it crosses under and over several streets in south Paterson
7.
Island platform
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An island platform is a station layout arrangement where a single platform is positioned between two tracks within a railway station, tram stop or transitway interchange. Island platforms are popular on twin-track routes due to pragmatic and cost-effective reasons, an alternative arrangement is to position side platforms on either side of the tracks. The historical use of island platforms depends greatly upon the location, the island platform layout is a popular, cost-effective and practical solution in modern railway systems. Island platforms allow facilities such as escalators, elevators, shops, toilets and this is essential for wheelchair accessible stations. An island platform makes it easier for users and the infirm to change services between tracks. Additionally, an island platform layout eliminates the need to construct a crossover or subway between two platforms, however, island platforms may become overcrowded, especially at busy stations, and this can lead to safety issues such as Clapham Common and Angel on the London Underground. However, for the tracks to diverge around the platform, extra width is required along the right-of-way on each approach to the station. Track centers vary for rail systems throughout the world but are normally 3 to 5 meters, if the island platform is 6 meters wide, the tracks have to slew out by the same distance. While this is not a problem on a new line that is being constructed, in addition, a single island platform makes it quite difficult to have through tracks, which are usually between the local tracks. A common configuration in busy locations on high speed lines is a pair of island platforms, high-speed trains can therefore pass straight through the station, while slow trains pass around the platforms. This arrangement also allows the station to serve as a point where trains can be passed by faster trains. The purpose of this design was to reduce unnecessary passenger congestion at a station with a high volume of passengers. Many of the stations on the Great Central Railway were constructed in this form and this was because the line was planned to connect to a Channel Tunnel. Island platforms are a normal sight on Indian railway stations. Almost all railway stations in India consist of island platforms, in Toronto,29 subway stations use island platforms. A slight disadvantage is that crossovers have to be rather long, in southern New Jersey and Philadelphia, PATCO uses island platforms in all of its 13 stations, to facilitate one-person train operation. Most elevated stations in Singapores Mass Rapid Transit system use island platforms, the exception is Dover MRT Station, which uses side platforms as it is built on an existing rail line. The planned Canberra MRT Station will also use side platforms, as it also be built on an existing rail line
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Side platform
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A side platform is a platform positioned to the side of a pair of tracks at a railway station, tram stop, or transitway. Dual side platform stations, one for direction of travel, is the basic station design used for double-track railway lines. Side platforms may result in a wider overall footprint for the station compared with a platform where a single width of platform can be shared by riders using either track. In some stations, the two platforms are connected by a footbridge running above and over the tracks. While a pair of platforms is often provided on a dual-track line. Where the station is close to a crossing the platforms may either be on the same side of the crossing road or alternatively may be staggered in one of two ways. With the near-side platforms configuration, each platform appears before the intersection, in some situations a single side platform can be served by multiple vehicles simultaneously with a scissors crossing provided to allow access mid-way along its length. Normally, the facilities of the station are located on the Up platform with the other platform accessed from a footbridge. However, in cases the stations main buildings are located on whichever side faces the town or village the station serves. Larger stations may have two platforms with several island platforms in between. Some are in a Spanish solution format, with two platforms and an island platform in between, serving two tracks
9.
NJ Transit Bus Operations
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Prior to 1948, most public transportation in New Jersey was provided by the Public Service Corporation of New Jersey, a utility company that also operated the Public Service Railway division. PSCT provided service throughout New Jersey, originally using trolleys and then transitioning to trolley buses, NJ Transit came into being as the result of the New Jersey Public Transportation Act of 1979 to acquire, operate, and contract for transportation services in the public interest. NJ Transit Bus Operations came into being the year, when it acquired Transport of New Jersey from PSE&G. Other purchases and buyouts in the 1980s expanded the bus division of NJ Transit, in 1992 NJ Transit Mercer, Inc. which was the successor to the former Mercer Metro operation in the Trenton and Princeton areas, was folded into NJ Transit Bus Operations. In 2010, Morris County operations were taken over under the subsidiary NJ Transit Morris, NJ Transit Bus Operations owns, leases, or subleases over 3,000 buses, and many more have been purchased for community shuttles. Fare and route can also be further elucidated on some of the route schedules or the trip planner. 1-99, Intrastate service originating from Newark, Jersey City, Hoboken, 100-199, Routes from central and northern New Jersey to New York City. 200-299, No routes with numbers, a few existed in the 1980s to be quickly renumbered. 300-399, Special-event and park services, park-and-ride services, long-distance suburban routes from Philadelphia, 450-499, Local service within Camden, Gloucester, and Salem counties. 500-549, Atlantic County and Cape May County local routes, 550-599, Long-distance routes from Atlantic City serving points in southern New Jersey and Philadelphia. 700-799, Passaic and Bergen County local routes not entering Newark, 800-880, Middlesex, Monmouth, and Morris local routes not running to Newark. On July 11,2012, NJ Transit publicly announced that it had finalized plans to service on routes 42,43,75 and 93 effective September 1,2012. Combined with changes to service on routes 56,57,181, go28,451 and 604, NJ Transit also intended to split route 62 into two routes and expand route 99. NJ Transit Bus Operations is divided into the Northern, Central, and Southern Divisions, below is a list of all facilities and the buses housed in them. The Northern Division consists of six garages, the Central Division consists of five garages and one light rail operations facility. The Southern Division consists of four garages and these companies operate service under contract to New Jersey Transit. Service is provided using New Jersey Transit-branded buses, NJ Transit Rail Operations New Jersey Transit official website Unofficial New Jersey Transit fan page Unofficial New Jersey Transit bus map
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Megabus (North America)
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On April 10,2006, Stagecoach introduced a no-frills service through its Coach USA subsidiary, using the Megabus brand that it had established in the United Kingdom. Louis, Ann Arbor, Columbus, Louisville, Toledo, Detroit, Kansas City, Minneapolis, on August 8,2007, Megabus introduced service to the San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles, San Diego, and Tempe, Arizona, using Coach America as a contractor. In its first foray into California, ridership was sluggish and Megabus started to discontinue services from the Los Angeles hub in early 2008, Service to the Phoenix area was discontinued in January 2008, followed by services in San Diego and San Ysidro in March 2008. In May 2008, Megabus made the decision to shut down its Los Angeles hub and discontinue all related services, stating that n this case, the final day for services from Los Angeles was June 22,2008. Megabus re-entered the market in 2012 after reacquiring some of the assets of Coach America, further expansions included service to Syracuse, Rochester, Hartford, and Niagara Falls, Ontario. Later in 2009, the Megabus concept was expanded to Toronto and Montreal, Megabus expanded deeper into Pennsylvania and the Southeast in 2009 and 2010. Megabus returned to the West Coast on December 12,2012 initially serving San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose, Sacramento, Reno, Riverside, on its west coast routes, Megabus operates almost exclusively from either commuter rail stations or transfer stations for local transit buses. A fraction of tickets are priced at 1.00 USD or CAD, Megabus follows the yield management model, typically used by airlines, where the lowest fares are offered to those who book early, so the less popular schedules tend to be less expensive. In order to keep costs down, Megabus has no waiting rooms and no bus terminals and picks up at curbside on public streets, stops may be outside railroad stations or transportation centers in major cities, or on college campuses or at shopping centers in other cities. Tickets must be purchased in advance via the website or by telephone, upon purchase, passengers are given a reservation number which they show the bus operator when they board. In the United States, tickets are not available from the bus operator, in Canada, owing to franchise regulations, tickets are sold at stops at a fixed price. The Megabus fleet can be identified by the megabus. com name on the front and sides in yellow against a base. The DATTCO fleet used for Megabus service is also decaled with Megabus logos, buses on the M25 Megabus route operate with regular Academy Bus livery. In 2007, Coach USA updated its Chicago-based Megabus fleet with new MCI J4500 single-deck and this expansion came as Megabus exited from the West Coast market. The fleet transferred to Eastern Shuttle was eventually returned to mainline Coach USA duty following divestiture a few months later, all Megabus coaches branded as such in the United States are equipped with Wi-Fi and electrical outlets. In accordance with ADA regulations, wheelchair-accessible service is available on all lines and this can now be done online or by phone. The Canadian Megabus fleet consists of 152009 TD925 buses and are operated by Trentway-Wagar, all of the Canada fleet is equipped with electrical outlets and Wi-Fi. The Canadian buses are pooled with the US fleet for NYC-Toronto or Philadelphia-Toronto runs, note that on these runs the buses will typically only have WiFi service available in the home country for the bus being used, i. e
11.
Pennsylvania Station (Newark)
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Pennsylvania Station is a major transportation hub in Newark, New Jersey. Located at Raymond Plaza, between Market Street and Raymond Boulevard, Newark Penn Station is served by rail and bus carriers. The rail carriers include Newark Light Rail, New Jersey Transit, the PATH rapid transit system to Manhattan, national bus carries include Greyhound, Peter Pan and Trailways. Local and regional bus carriers include NJ Transit and ONE, with 31 and 2 routes respectively, designed by the renowned architectural firm McKim, Mead and White, the station contains a mixture of Art Deco and Neo-Classical features. The interior of the waiting room has medallions illustrating the history of transportation, from wagons to steamships to cars and airplanes. The current building was dedicated on March 23,1935, the first regular train to use it was a New York–Philadelphia express at 10,17 on March 24. The new station was alongside the old station, which was then demolished and replaced by the southeast half of the present station. Except for the separate, underground Newark Light Rail station, tracks are elevated above street level, at the time, PRR operated 232 weekday trains between Newark and New York Penn Station, after 1937, the 10-mile trip took an average of 16 minutes. Both systems were extended or realigned to the station on June 20,1937, during the 1960s, Pennsylvania Railroad sold the bankrupt Hudson and Manhattan to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey which reestablished the line as Port Authority Trans-Hudson in 1962. New Jersey Department of Transportations Aldene Plan redirected Central Railroad of New Jersey, Amtrak took over inter-city service in 1971, but Penn Central continued to operate commuter service, despite suffering from major bankruptcy. Newark Penn Station was extensively renovated in 2007, with restoration of the facade and historic materials, as well as train platform. In 2014 Newark Penn was the 14th busiest Amtrak station, providing intercity service on the Northeast Corridor and it is the western terminus of the Newark – World Trade Center line of the PATH train which operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. On the lower level is the end of the Newark Light Rail. Passengers on this rail system from Newark and its nearby suburbs can transfer to Amtrak or PATH trains. Newark Penn Station carries the IATA airport code of ZRP, seven are on one level, but PATH trains arrive on an upper-level track with a platform on the west side, from which passengers can quickly reach platforms for their onward trains. Track A is less used and has a platform, usually for Raritan Valley Line arrivals. Trains relay and lay-up at Hudson Yard in Harrison before returning on Track 5 for the reverse trip, Track 2 is typically used by northbound Amtrak trains, but is also used during the PM rush for westbound North Jersey Coast Line express trains. This platform has a platform shared with, Track 4
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Trenton Transit Center
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Trenton Transit Center, also known as Trenton, is the main passenger train station in Trenton, New Jersey. It is the southernmost stop in New Jersey on the Northeast Corridor, the River Line light rail, which offers service to Camden along the Delaware River, is across the street. Bus service at the station consists of local New Jersey Transit routes, including Capital Connection buses, serving the New Jersey Capitol Complex, in addition, the station serves as the northern terminus for SEPTA buses to Oxford Valley Mall. Greyhound Bus service to the station was available but has been discontinued. Trenton is the city to serve three major railway systems in the state of New Jersey. Behind Secaucus Junction and Newark Penn Station, Trenton is the third-busiest train station in New Jersey, Trenton Transit Center has two levels, the upper level with ticket offices, ticket machines, two snack kiosks, and a McDonalds restaurant. From that level steps lead down to the two platforms for the trains. The eastbound island platform also has a newsstand/snack kiosk, a $56.6 million renovation is currently under way, which will include an addition of a mezzanine level providing additional office and retail space. New lighting, air-conditioning, information displays, escalators, and elevators will also be installed, construction is anticipated to last two years. Across the street is the River Line light rail station that connects to Camden, Rail service in Trenton dates back to the days of the Camden and Amboy Railroad, which built a station on East Street in 1837, until it was moved to the current site in 1863. The C&A was merged into the United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company in 1867 and acquired by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1893, which replaced the station the same year. As with many Pennsylvania Railroad stations especially in New Jersey, the became a Penn Central station once the New York Central & Pennsylvania Railroads merged in 1968. Amtrak took over intercity service in 1971, but Penn Central continued to serve commuters. In 1976, Penn Central built the new Trenton Rail Station just as the railroad was being acquired by Conrail, by 1983, the station became part of the New Jersey Transit Rail Operations, but also continued to serve Amtrak as well as SEPTA Regional Rail to Philadelphia. Trenton Transit Center links Mercer County and the greater Delaware Valley area, Bucks County and Philadelphia with Camden, Newark, New York City, Boston, the SEPTA Trenton Line continues southwest, providing regional service through to 30th Street Station and Temple University in Philadelphia. Passengers traveling in New Jersey can continue using any of SEPTAs regional rail services from the 30th Street Station hub in and around the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area and in Bucks County. The line is one of two ways in which passengers can reach the NJ Transit Atlantic City Line from New Jersey. The line operates at street level along the Delaware River, connecting Trenton with Camden and municipalities, amtraks Northeast Regional stops regularly in Trenton on its route between Boston South Station in Massachusetts and Washington Union Station in Washington, D. C
13.
Northeast Corridor Line
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The Northeast Corridor Line is a commuter rail operation run by New Jersey Transit along Amtraks Northeast Corridor in the United States. It is the successor to Pennsylvania Railroad trains between Trenton Transit Center and New York Penn Station, after arrival at New York Penn Station, some trains load passengers and return to New Jersey, while others continue east to Sunnyside Yard for storage. Most servicing is done at the Morrisville Yard, at the west end of the line, the Northeast Corridor Line is colored red on New Jersey Transit system maps and its symbol is the State House. The Princeton Branch is a service connecting to the line. Penn Station had originally intended for long distance passenger trains. With the overhead electrification complete, the PRR could run trains of multiple units direct to Manhattan. The weekday schedule in September 1951 had six trains a day from New York to Trenton, seven from New York to New Brunswick, two from Jersey City to Trenton and six from Jersey City to New Brunswick. That includes just the trains terminated at Trenton or New Brunswick, many more trains from New York to Philadelphia. By the 1960s the financial situation of the Pennsylvania Railroad had deteriorated, in 1968 NJDoT funded construction of the new Metropark station and in 1969 they funded 35 new stainless steel Jersey Arrow MU cars. The state continued to fund replacement of the aging pre-war MU equipment with the Arrow II, finally in 1983 the State took over all of the Conrail operations under the aegis of a new statewide public transport agency, New Jersey Transit. During the 1990s New Jersey Transit contracted with Amtrak to accept monthly NJT passholders on the Clocker trains, the Clocker last ran on October 28,2005, and thereafter New Jersey Transit began several extra Trenton-New York express trips. Connecting SEPTA Trenton Line service between Philadelphia and Trenton is listed in the timetable, the Northeast Corridor Line runs from New York Penn Station to Trenton Transit Center along with Amtrak. The Northeast Corridor Line operates a service between the outlying stations and the terminal zone which begins at Newark International Airport Station. During the peak period North Jersey Coast Line trains stop at North Elizabeth through Rahway, stations between Rahway are served by Jersey Avenue Locals, which originate and terminate at Jersey Avenue station. Finally Trenton Express trains make their first/last stop at Princeton Junction or New Brunswick, a few all stops locals operate sporadically on weekdays as well and all day on weekends. Jersey Ave locals make local stops between Rahway and Elizabeth outside peak periods, North Elizabeth station is skipped by most NEC Line trains and express trains cannot stop at Jersey Ave eastbound. With high levels of service and a route through one of the most densely populated areas of the United States, on an average weekday in 2012, the Northeast Corridor Line handled 117,400 boardings. These trains are made up of Comet series cars or Bombardier Transportation Multilevels, the modern era of commuter operations began in 1983 when New Jersey Transit Rail Operations took over the service from Conrail
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Pennsylvania Station (New York City)
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Pennsylvania Station, also known as New York Penn Station or Penn Station, is the main intercity railroad station in New York City. Serving more than 600,000 commuter rail and Amtrak passengers a day, Penn Station is in the midtown area of Manhattan, close to Herald Square, the Empire State Building, Koreatown, and the Macys department store. Entirely underground, it sits beneath Madison Square Garden, between Seventh Avenue and Eighth Avenue and between 31st and 34th Streets, Penn Station has 21 tracks fed by seven tunnels. It is at the center of the Northeast Corridor, a rail line that connects New York City with Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, D. C. Intercity trains are operated by Amtrak, which owns the station, while rail services are operated by the Long Island Rail Road. Connections are available within the complex to the New York City Subway, additionally, if reopened, the old Hilton Corridor would recreate an indoor connection with Port Authority Trans-Hudson trains. The original Pennsylvania Station was built from 1901-1910 by the Pennsylvania Railroad, after a decline in passenger usage during the 1950s, the original station was demolished and reconstructed from 1963 to 1969, resulting in the current station. Pennsylvania Station is named for the Pennsylvania Railroad, its builder and original tenant, the current facility is the substantially remodeled underground remnant of a significantly more ornate station building designed by McKim, Mead, and White and completed in 1910. The original Pennsylvania Station was considered a masterpiece of the Beaux-Arts style, the station was moved fully underground, beneath the newly constructed Pennsylvania Plaza complex and Madison Square Garden arena completed in 1968. Until the early 20th century, the PRRs rail network terminated on the side of the Hudson River at Exchange Place in Jersey City. Manhattan-bound passengers boarded ferries to cross the Hudson River for the stretch of their journey. The rival New York Central Railroads line ran down Manhattan from the north under Park Avenue, the development of the electric locomotive at the turn of the 20th century made a tunnel feasible. The station would sit in Manhattans Tenderloin district, a historical district known for its corruption and prostitution. Beginning in June 1903, the two single-track North River Tunnels were bored from the west under the Hudson River. Electrification was initially 600 volts DC–third rail, and later changed to 11,000 volts AC–overhead catenary when electrification of PRRs mainline was extended to Washington, D. C. in the early 1930s. The same tube, with an inscription indicating that it had displayed at the Exposition, was later installed under water. Construction was completed on the Hudson River tunnels on October 9,1906, meanwhile, ground was broken for Pennsylvania Station on May 1,1904. Along with Long Island Rail Road trains, Penn Station saw trains of the New Haven and the Lehigh Valley Railroads
15.
Bay Head station
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Bay Head is a railway station in Bay Head, New Jersey. This station is served by trains on New Jersey Transits North Jersey Coast Line, the rail yard contains 33 acres of wetland inside the loop formed by the tracks used to turn around the trains. The rail yard borders Twilight Lake, parking is free at the Bay Head station although the lot is only about a fourth of the size of the lot at the next station, Point Pleasant Beach. Parking at Point Pleasant Beach Station requires payment and this station is not listed as accessible by New Jersey Transit. Passengers must use the stairs to climb up to the cars or descend to street level. There is no ramp or platform to aid the handicapped in boarding, weekend ridership to the Bay Head station rises during the summer as beachgoing vacationers take the train to the beach. In May 2011, ticket vending machines were installed next to the building at Bay Head. Media related to Bay Head at Wikimedia Commons
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North Jersey Coast Line
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The North Jersey Coast Line is a New Jersey Transit commuter rail service between New York Penn Station or Hoboken Terminal and Bay Head, New Jersey. It is electrified as far south as Long Branch, on rail system maps it is colored light blue, and its symbol is a sailboat. It is based on what was once the New York & Long Branch Railroad which was co-owned by the Central of New Jersey, most trains operate between New York Penn Station and Long Branch with frequent rush-hour service and hourly local off-peak service. Diesel shuttle trains between Long Branch and Bay Head meet these electric trains, hourly New York to Long Branch service operates on weekends, with bi-hourly diesel shuttle service between Long Branch and Bay Head. Full hourly service operates during the summer season. During weekdays, five round trip diesel trains have run from Bay Head to Hoboken Terminal using the Waterfront Connection since September 9,1991, passengers can reach New York via the Northeast Corridor Line at Newark, or PATH at Newark or Hoboken. On May 18,2015, NJ Transit expanded service to include 3 inbound and 3 outbound weekday trains running from Bay Head directly to New York Penn Station and these trains are pulled by ALP-45DP Locomotives since electrification ends at Long Branch. The line is double track except for the bridge over the Manasquan River at Brielle, the line has cab signals and wayside block signals, the line from Rahway to Long Branch is signaled for operation in either direction on both tracks. Passenger yards are at Long Branch and Bay Head, Long Branch Yard is fully electrified, and mostly interlocked. Bay Head contains a large balloon track where entire trains can reverse direction without backing up or uncoupling the locomotive and it remains in service, even though push-pull operation has eliminated the need for turning of trains. Bay Head Yard has no interlocking, all switches are hand-operated, on May 18,2015 six new trains were created providing direct service between Bay Head and New York during peak hours. Weekdays,2300 series trains operate between Bay Head and Hoboken 2600 series trains operate between Long Branch and Hoboken 3200 series trains operate between Long Branch and New York,3300 series trains operate between Bay Head and New York. 3400 series trains operate between Matawan and New York,3500 series trains operate between South Amboy and New York. 4300 series trains operate between Bay Head and Long Branch, weekends/Major Holidays,4700 series trains operate between Bay Head and Long Branch 7200 series trains operate between Long Branch and New York. 7300 series trains operate between Bay Head and New York between the end of June to Labor Day weekend, conrail Shared Assets also operates over the North Jersey Coast Line to reach customers south of Red Bank. The North Jersey Coast Line has five bridges of the twelve used by the NJT rail network. River Draw is a bridge at Raritan Bay. Other draw spans cross the Cheesequake or Morgan Creek on the Morgan Draw, Oceanport Draw over the Shrewsbury River, the Shark River Draw on Shark River, all these bridges were double-track spans, but the Manasquan bridge has been single-tracked since the mid-1970s
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High Bridge station
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High Bridge is a railway station in New Jersey, United States. It is the terminus on New Jersey Transits Raritan Valley Line. It is located in High Bridge at the end of the station. The parking lot for the station is located one block to the west, the station only uses the southern track for inbound and outbound trains. The 1913 station house is used for storage and there is a covered waiting area under the building canopy. This station has limited service and no weekend service. Until 1983, Raritan Valley service continued westward to Phillipsburg, New Jersey, limited service and low ridership led NJT to discontinue all service west of High Bridge. Since service ended, there have been repeated calls for resumption of daily service, world. nycsubway. org - NJT Raritan Line Bridge Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
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Raritan Valley Line
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The Raritan Valley Line is a commuter rail service operated by New Jersey Transit which serves passengers in municipalities in Union, Somerset, and Hunterdon counties in New Jersey. The stations most frequent western terminus is Raritan station in Raritan, some weekday trains continue further west and terminate at the High Bridge station, located in High Bridge. Until March 2014, the RVLs eastern terminus was Pennsylvania Station in Newark, in order to continue to Pennsylvania Station in New York City, RVL passengers were required to transfer to a Northeast Corridor Line or North Jersey Coast Line train at Newark Penn. The Raritan Valley Line is colored orange on New Jersey Transits system map and its symbol is the Statue of Liberty, an homage to the Central Railroad of New Jersey whose logo was also the Statue of Liberty. Most of the line follows the line of the former Central Railroad of New Jersey. Until 1967 CNJ service terminated at the companys Communipaw Terminal in what is today Liberty State Park. This station, which was served by Reading Company trains to Philadelphia and B & O service to Washington, D. C. This allowed CNJ to end the service between Jersey City and Manhattan, which was losing money. Trains initially could not go beyond Newark Penn Station to New York Penn Station because the locomotives were diesel-powered, the introduction of ALP-45DP dual-mode locomotives allows for direct service to New York Penn Station. Limited, service to New York Penn Station started as a program on March 3,2014. Select trains scheduled to arrive at New York Penn Station provide one-seat rides to New York and this original pilot project schedule has been subsequently expanded to include additional trains. Unlike the Northeast Corridor, the majority of stops on the Raritan Valley Line are not wheelchair accessible. Newark Penn Station, Union, Cranford, Westfield, Plainfield, roselle Park has a high platform but does not have a ramp or elevator to the street. The Raritan Valley Line uses all diesel service, the locomotives originally consisted of the GP40PH-2 and Alstom PL42AC with a 5- or 6-car set of Comet series coaches. Since late 2008, Bombardier Multilevel Series Coaches were added and displaced most of the Comet coaches, as of late 2013, the trainsets consist use an ALP-45DP and a 6-8 car set of Multilevels. However, some occasional trains use the Comet coaches coupled with a PL42AC or an ALP-45DP, NJT had acquired several GE P42DC locomotives in 2007, but were soon transferred to ACES in 2009 and then back in 2011 due to a planned discontinuation. Due to the lack of buyers, the locomotives stayed in NJTs property indefinitely until 2014, the lines rolling stock is stored at the Raritan Yard, the lines only rail yard, located just west of the station. All eastbound trains change crews here and trains are stored here overnight
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Newark Broad Street station
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Newark Broad Street is a New Jersey Transit commuter rail and light rail station at 25 University Avenue in Newark in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The Newark Drawbridge connecting to the station and crossing the Passaic River to the east was opened in 1903, a number of western expansions were built, and Hoboken Terminal, the current eastern end of the line, opened in 1907. In 1945, the Morris and Essex Railroad officially merged into the Delaware, Lackawanna, dL&W merged with the Erie Railroad in 1960 to form the Erie Lackawanna Railroad, which was absorbed by Conrail in 1976, New Jersey Transit has operated all passenger service since 1983. The station building has been listed in the state and federal registers of historic places since 1984 and is part of the Operating Passenger Railroad Stations Thematic Resource, from 2004 to 2008 the station was renovated. The historic westbound shelter was removed in the project and new waiting areas were built. Broad Street Station is currently served by the Montclair-Boonton Line and both branches of the Morris and Essex Lines and this station is the northern terminus of the Newark Light Rail Broad Street Extension line from Newark Penn Station. Service on this line opened on July 17,2006, Light Rail trains operate from about 5 a. m. to midnight, daily. Light rail service was unavailable from March 2008 until July 2008 due to a collapse of the former Westinghouse factory adjacent to the station during demolition. Demolition was completed, and service resumed, in July 2008, media related to Newark Broad Street Station at Wikimedia Commons Newark N. J
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Hackettstown station
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Hackettstown is a New Jersey Transit station in Hackettstown, New Jersey. Hackettstown Station is the only active New Jersey Transit station in Warren County, the line from Hackettstown – Dover is diesel powered, requiring a transfer at Dover, Montclair State University or Newark Broad Street to an electrified train to New York Penn Station. Proposals exist of an extension of the Montclair-Boonton Line, including an extension to Washington, service west of Netcong station began in November 1994, with an extension of the Boonton Line westward along Norfolk Southerns Washington Secondary. The station was opened along with Mount Olive station near Waterloo Village, originally, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad serviced Hackettstown with a large station in downtown Hackettstown for its Old Main alignment. The large wooden station was a Type W-2 station built in 1868, Hackettstown Station was razed in the late 1960s after passenger service on most Erie-Lackawanna Railroad branches terminated in October 1966
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Montclair-Boonton Line
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The Montclair-Boonton Line is a commuter rail line of New Jersey Transit Rail Operations in the United States. It is part of the Hoboken Division, the Montclair-Boonton line was formed when the Montclair Connection opened on September 30,2002. The line serves 28 active rail stations in New Jersey along with New York Pennsylvania Station and it crosses through six counties, serving six stations in the township of Montclair, two in the town of Bloomfield, and one in the city of Newark. Trains to Hoboken run only at rush hour, Passengers can transfer at Secaucus Junction, Newark Broad Street Station, Montclair State University, or Dover to reach other destinations if necessary. This was an extension of existing Hoboken-to-Newark service, previously listed on the Morris & Essex timetables, plans for connecting the two lines dated back to 1929, when a rail connection through Montclair was proposed. Despite years of debate over the connection, nothing came to fruition until 1991, Lackawanna Terminal in Montclair closed in 1981, replaced by the new Bay Street station on the alignment that eventually would extend to the connection. Service began on September 30,2002 and three stations on the old Boonton Line were closed, Benson Street in Glen Ridge, Rowe Street in Bloomfield, besides the Montclair Connection, service was extended in 1994 from Netcong station to Hackettstown via tracks owned by Conrail. Stations at Roseville Avenue in Newark, Ampere in East Orange, and Great Notch in Little Falls were closed in 1984,1991, and 2010 respectively. There is also a proposal to extend service along the Washington Secondary as a rapid improvement to the New Jersey Route 57 corridor via Washington Borough to Phillipsburg. The Montclair Branch was chartered in 1852 as the Newark and Bloomfield Railroad, running through Bloomfield, however, tracks were not constructed along the owned right-of-way until 1856, in June of that year trains began running between Newark, Bloomfield, and West Bloomfield. The railroad had a deficit to start, the ticket agent at West Bloomfield was also the brakeman for the one-car train. On April 1,1868, the Morris & Essex Railroad bought out the alignment of the Newark, the Morris & Essex began running services on the line, which was renamed the Montclair Branch when West Bloomfield was similarly renamed to Montclair shortly after. In 1912, the Montclair Branch was depressed, elevated, and double tracked, the stations at Watsessing Avenue and Glen Ridge were constructed below street level, while Ampere and Bloomfield stations were constructed above street level. Roseville Avenue station was depressed,22 feet below street level. In June 1913, the new Lackawanna Terminal opened in Montclair, William H. Botsford designed it, but did not live to see it open as he died in the sinking of the Titanic in 1912. The brick station building followed a Grecian-Doric style of architecture, which included creative uses of concrete for the arches, Lackawanna Terminal had six tracks and three concrete platforms, with a large bridge which carried Grove Street in Montclair over the tracks. The Montclair Branch was the first fully electrified suburban railroad, wired in 1930, the inaugural train was driven by Thomas Edison, who had helped develop the line. On July 26,1945, the Morris & Essex Railroad Company was officially dissolved, and the became part of the Delaware, Lackawanna
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Morristown Line
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The Morristown Line is one of New Jersey Transits commuter lines and is one of two branches that run along the Morris and Essex Lines. Passengers can transfer at Newark Broad Street or Summit to reach the other destination, there is frequent service weekdays, with hourly service to/from New York on weekends. Until August 13,2006, there was also hourly service to Hoboken, on that date, service between Hoboken and Summit was cut back to once every two hours on weekends. On May 11,2008, off-peak weekday Hoboken-Dover trains were cut, in addition, weekend Gladstone trains were cut back to Summit, and a shuttle trains is operated every two hours between Newark Broad Street and Hoboken Terminal. Recently the line between Millburn and Summit underwent extensive rehabilitation, more recently work has been progressing briskly on rehabilitating both tracks between Summit and Dover with concrete crossties and new welded rail, and rehabilitation of select road overpasses. Midtown Direct service was restored from Dover to New York on November 12,2012, service to Hoboken, the Morristown Line begins at the Hoboken Terminal or at New York Penn Station. Morristown line trains departing for points west of Dover, NJ require diesel locomotives, immediately after leaving Hoboken, the route passes the coach and diesel yards before entering the 1908 Bergen Tunnel under the New Jersey Palisades just past the East End interlocking. At the west portal of the Bergen Tunnel is West End interlocking, the Morristown Line then crosses over Lower Hack Lift, a vertical lift bridge built in 1927 over the Hackensack River. The line crosses under Route 7 and then passes NJ Transits Meadowlands Maintenance Complex, amtraks Northeast Corridor and the New Jersey Turnpike cross overhead. The Midtown Direct trains join the Morristown line from New York at Kearny Jct. just past this overpass, the Morristown Line parallels the Amtrak Northeast Corridor and PATH lines and Interstate 280 for a short distance here. The Waterfront Connection is just prior to the overpass at Meadows interlocking and it allows selected North Jersey Coast Line and Raritan Valley Line trains to reach Hoboken from the Northeast Corridor Line. After passing an abandoned station at Grove Street and over the Garden State Parkway, East Orange is the next stop, brick Church and Orange follow, also elevated stations. The line curves south over Interstate 280 past Highland Avenue and Mountain Station, south Orange is next, an elevated station with two platforms and three tracks. Seton Hall University is located here, Maplewood follows, with a side platform and a center platform serving all westbound and some eastbound trains. After Maplewood the line narrows to two tracks at Millburn interlocking, Millburn and Short Hills have two side platforms, with two tracks. Summit, a station is next with two high platforms and the station building above the tracks. A glass crossover passes above the platforms, some weekday locals terminate and originate here. Many of the private schools are located in Summit and commuting high school students are a major source of traffic for this station
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Gladstone station (NJ Transit)
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Gladstone is a New Jersey Transit station in Peapack-Gladstone, Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. It is the terminus of the Gladstone Branch of the Morris. A yard is to the east of the station, a 4-car high platform and ADA ramp are present. The original 1891 wood station and freight station remains in service, the head house has been on the state and federal registers of historic places since 1984, listed as part of the Operating Passenger Railroad Stations Thematic Resource. List of New Jersey Transit stations National Register of Historic Places listings in Somerset County, New Jersey Media related to Gladstone at Wikimedia Commons
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Gladstone Branch
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The Gladstone Branch is a branch of New Jersey Transits Morris and Essex Lines. The Gladstone Branch primarily serves commuter trains, freight service is no longer operated, the rest go to Hoboken Terminal. Bernardsville also has a siding, but is no longer used. On weekends the line operates Gladstone-Summit service hourly along the branch, the branch received severe damage from Hurricane Sandy on October 29–30,2012, especially to the catenary and signal system, causing a suspension of service for one month. High winds brought down five tall catenary poles, approximately five miles of catenary, the only part of the New Jersey West Line Railroad that was completed was from Summit west to Bernardsville. The New Jersey West Line Railroad was dissolved in 1878 and the assets were sold off, the Summit to Bernardsville line was then purchased by the Passaic and Delaware Railroad. The Delaware Lackawanna and Western Railroad leased the line on November 1,1882 as a branch of the Morris, the Passaic and Delaware Extension Railroad was chartered in 1890 and opened later that year, extending the line to its current terminus in Gladstone, New Jersey. Most service is provided by Arrow III electric cars built by General Electric, in the months following Hurricane Sandy, service to Hoboken used Comet trains powered by ALP-45DP locomotives. At the time of NJT acquisition, freight service was operated by the Consolidated Rail Corporation, upon the breakup of that company, the Norfolk Southern Railway inherited the business. Customers on the line dwindled, and the last customer, the Reheis Chemical Company, was out by the General Chemical Company. The apparent last freight train made its run on November 7,2008, however, seven months later the facility began receiving shipments again, like the Morristown Line, the Gladstone Branch is electrified using overhead catenary at 25 kV60 Hz. Traction power comes from the NJT substation at Summit, NJ, the Summit substation is located north of New Providence on the Morristown Line, between the Summit and Chatham stations, and receives power from the nearby Summit Utility substation. In addition to the NJT Summit traction substation, three other switching facilities are located along the line
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Wood-Ridge station
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Wood-Ridge is a New Jersey Transit rail station on the Pascack Valley Line. The station is in Wood-Ridge, New Jersey and is located at Park Place East, the station originates back to the 1860s as part of the Hackensack and New York Railroad. The station at Wood-Ridge was soon replaced by a building on the opposite side of the tracks until 1967. Along with Wood-Ridge, Carlstadt, Hasbrouck Heights and Williams Avenue stations were all demolished, the Pascack Valley line services this station seven days a week. Until 2016, the Wood-Ridge station was the one to serve the town. This changed when the Wesmont station serving the Bergen County Line opened near Wood-Ridges border with Wallington, the station has one track and one low-level side platform. Station from Moonachie Avenue from Google Maps Street View
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Spring Valley station (New York)
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The Spring Valley station is an intermodal transit station in Spring Valley, New York. It serves Metro-North Railroad and NJ Transit trains as well as buses as the Spring Valley Bus Terminal, the buses that serve the Spring Valley Bus Terminal are Rockland Coaches and Transport of Rockland. It is located at Main Street, 1/8 mile from Route 59, the station has one track and one low-level side platform. During construction of the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad, the residents felt that Eleazar Lord had chosen to give preference to the area at Monsey because he owned 8.5 acres in the area. They wanted access to shipping via the railroad, but the railroad would not promise service, the farmers did indeed construct their own station, a 10-foot x 11-foot platform with a wooden shanty. The station, which was named Pascac by the railroad, soon became a run by a local named Henry Iseman. Once passenger service started, Iseman was evicted from the shanty, the name Spring Valley was created by Isaac Springstead, a local farmer, who suggested the new name. With the new change, a station sign was nailed to a nearby tree with the name Spring Valley. Permit parking is operated by Allright Parking and accommodates 207 vehicles, MTA station information for Spring Valley Spring Valley Station Station from Main Street from Google Maps Street View
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Pascack Valley Line
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The Pascack Valley Line is a commuter rail line operated by the Hoboken Division of New Jersey Transit, in the United States. The line runs north from Hoboken Terminal, through Hudson County and Bergen County in New Jersey, service within New York State is operated under contract with Metro-North Railroad. The line is named for the Pascack Valley region that it passes through in northern Bergen County, the line parallels the Pascack Brook for some distance. The line is colored purple on system maps, and its symbol is a pine tree, the Pascack Valley Line runs between Spring Valley, New York, and Hoboken Terminal. The line is 31 miles long, of which the northernmost 6 miles are in New York State, the entire line is owned by NJ Transit, but the Pearl River, Nanuet and Spring Valley stations are leased to Metro-North Railroad. The line is single tracked, but sidings at points along the line, including the Meadowlands, Hackensack and Nanuet, a siding in Oradell was also planned for increased service and reliability, but the project was halted due to local opposition. Service on this line operates seven days a week, the line was originally chartered as the Hackensack and New York Railroad in 1856. It later became the New Jersey and New York Railroad, which was bought by the Erie Railroad in 1896, the New Jersey and New York Railroad continued to exist as an Erie subsidiary until the October 17,1960 merger that created the Erie Lackawanna Railroad. On April 1,1976 the Erie Lackawanna was merged with other railroads to create Conrail. In 1983, after years under operation by Conrail, operations of the Pascack Valley Line were transferred to NJ Transit Rail Operations. The line used to continue north of Spring Valley to Haverstraw and this portion of the line has been abandoned and most of the right-of-way has been sold off. Part of the line was part of the main Erie Railroad line from Piermont, New York to Buffalo. On September 29,2016, a Pascack Valley Line train crashed at Hoboken Terminal injuring over 100, all service on this line is diesel, using either GP40PH-2, PL42AC, or ALP-45DP locomotives. Comet series passenger cars are used on line, Bombardier MultiLevel coaches are occasionally used on this line. Some train sets use equipment owned by Metro-North, which are so marked, the Pascack Valley Line, A History of the New Jersey and New York Railroad, Wilson E. Jones, ISBN 0-941652-14-9 Pascack Valley Line History Some additional history
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Hoboken Terminal
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Hoboken Terminal is one of the New York metropolitan areas major transportation hubs. The commuter-oriented intermodal facility is in Hoboken, Hudson County, New Jersey, Hoboken Terminal is wheelchair accessible, with high-level platforms for light rail and PATH services and portable lifts for commuter rail services. The site of the terminal has been used since colonial times to link Manhattan Island and it was long a ferry landing accessible via turnpike roads, and later plank roads. In 1811, the first steam-powered ferries began service under John Stevens, the coming of the railroads brought more and more travelers to the west bank of the Hudson River. At the peak, five passenger terminals were operated by competing railroad companies along the Hudson Waterfront, of these, Hoboken Terminal is the only one still in active use. Cuts and tunnels were constructed through Bergen Hill to the terminals on the west bank of the river, one of the Bergen Hill Tunnels under Jersey City Heights was opened in 1876 by the Morris and Essex Railroad. A parallel tunnel was added in 1908 by Delaware, Lackawanna, both are still used by NJ Transit. It resumed in 1989 on the side of the terminal. The Phoebe Snow was a passenger train that departed daily from the station. In 1956, four years before its merger with the DL&W to form the Erie Lackawanna Railway, the Erie Railroad began shifting its trains from its Jersey City terminal to Hoboken. In October 1965, on former Erie routes, there were five trains ran to Midvale. All those trains were dropped in 1966, trains to Chicago and Buffalo were discontinued on January 5,1970. Numerous streetcar lines, including the Hoboken Inclined Cable Railway, originated/terminated at the station until bustitution was completed on August 7,1949, the station was badly damaged during Hurricane Sandy on October 29,2012, with a 5 feet storm surge inundating the facility. The waiting room reopened in January 2013, while repairs were still in progress. On the morning of September 29,2016, an NJ Transit train crashed through a block and into the concourse of the station, killing one person. In 1930, Thomas Edison was at the controls for the first departure of an electric multiple unit train from Hoboken Terminal to Montclair. One of the first installations of central air-conditioning in a space was at the station. PATH trains provide 24-hour service on three routes from an underground station located north of the surface platforms
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Kingsland station
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Kingsland is a railroad station on New Jersey Transits Main Line. It is located under Ridge Road between New York and Valley Brook Avenues in Lyndhurst, New Jersey, and is one of two stations in Lyndhurst, the station is not staffed, and passengers use ticket vending machines located at street level to purchase tickets. Originally part of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroads Boonton Branch, Kingsland Station is located on a bridge over the Main Line on New Jersey Route 17, near the intersection with Milton Road. The station depot is located above the tracks, a short tunnel leads downstairs to the two side platforms. Above ground, the station is provided with just nineteen parking spaces, there is no fee for parking. Short-term parking is provided by New Jersey Transit on Route 17. The station is serviced by New Jersey Transits Main Line every day and has connections via Route 76 run by New Jersey Transit Bus Operations, trains from Kingsland to Hoboken average 20 minutes and Kingsland to Suffern averages 55 minutes. On weekends, the first train to serve Kingsland, starting in Port Jervis, the last train, to Suffern, arrives at 1,48 AM the next morning. The Boonton Branch of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad was first constructed as a bypass of the Morris & Essex Railroad in 1868. This was constructed due to the lack of freight along its passenger lines, the line had shops at Kingsland, built in 1868 for the purpose of repairing, restoring and re-erecting train cars and locomotives for the line. In 1875, shop equipment from Hoboken was moved over to Kingsland, however, just seven years later, the machine shop, also the main building of the shops, caught fire and was completely destroyed. However, despite the fire, the structure was reconstructed for use. During this time, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western used a house as a station depot. When the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western expanded the Kingsland Shops in 1903, the tunnel itself cost $71,500 and permitted the local street, Schuyler Avenue to cross over the rail line. The new station depot was built on Ridge Road over the tracks, the design of the station depot located above the tracks was later replicated by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Westerns Montclair Branch for its Watsessing Avenue station in Bloomfield, New Jersey. In 1917, the railroad was brought before the New Jersey Board of Public Utility Commissioners due to an accident on November 28,1916,582, a special train for employees of the Canadian Car Company, had near stopped at Kingsland station. The train never left at any defined time, although averaged around 6,30 in the evening. However, around 6, 30that evening, Train No.479 came in twelve minutes late at a rate of speed
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Suffern station
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Suffern is a train station in Suffern, New York, United States, controlled by New Jersey Transit and also used by the Metro-North Railroad. Metro-Norths Port Jervis Line joins New Jersey Transits Main Line at this station and these two lines offer service from Port Jervis to Hoboken, New Jersey and New York City via Secaucus Junction. The same is true of trains coming back in the evening rush-hour, the current station was built in 1941 by the Erie Railroad and replaced an older station near the site of the current New York State Thruway overpass. That older station, built in 1887, was demolished in 1941 when the new station was built, a Wells Fargo Express Mail depot built in 1908 occupies the site and is now a museum. Suffern is the station used by New Jersey Transit in New York that does not have Metro North-styled signage trackside, instead employing NJTs black. Media related to Suffern at Wikimedia Commons Metro-North Railroad - Suffern Suffern Railroad Station Chestnut Street entrance from Google Maps Street View Station from Google Maps Street View
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Rutherford station
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Rutherford is a New Jersey Transit railroad station served by the Bergen County Line. The station straddles the border between Rutherford and East Rutherford in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, the tracks serve as the border between the two municipalities and the Suffern-bound platform is actually located in East Rutherford along with its parking lot. The original station was built in 1862 by the New York and Erie Railroad and was replaced by the current station which was built in 1898 by its successor, a two phase restoration project was started by New Jersey Transit in May 2008. The first phase to restore the outside of the building cost 1.4 million dollars and was completed in June 2009, the second phase of the project was to restore the interior and cost $1.9 million. The second phase was completed on October 25,2010
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Bergen County Line
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The Bergen County Line is a commuter rail line and service owned and operated by New Jersey Transit in the U. S. state of New Jersey. The line loops off the Main Line between the Meadowlands and Glen Rock, New Jersey, with trains continuing in either direction along the Main Line and it is colored on NJT system maps in pale blue, and its symbol is a cattail. Some trains of Metro-North Railroads Port Jervis Line also operate over the line, the Norfolk Southern Railway provides freight service along the line via trackage rights. As on the Main Line, trains are powered by diesel locomotives operated push-pull and this portion was opened in 1833 by the Paterson and Hudson River Railroad and leased by the New York and Erie Rail Road in 1852. The rest of the line, from East Rutherford north to Glen Rock, until the late 1950s, the main function of the Eries Bergen County Cutoff was as a freight bypass of the at-grade Main Line through Passaic. In 1963 the Lackawanna Boonton Line up to Paterson became the new Erie Main Line and this was due to the abandonment of the Main Line section through downtown Passaic and also due to the fact that Interstate 80 construction used the old Boonton Line right-way in Paterson. The old Main Line up to Rutherford was now part of the Bergen Line. A curving track was built between the HX Draw at Hackensack River and the Main Line north of Secaucus Junction to allow Bergen County Line trains to use Secaucus Junction. Approaching Secaucus Junction, a train headed for the Bergen County Line will use the more northerly pair of tracks. West of the transfer, these tracks diverge from the Main Line over a new right-of-way opened in 2003, during this stretch, the Hackensack River is to the left, while industrial plants on Meadowlands Parkway are to the right. A former station, Harmon Cove was located nearby along the old Erie right-of-way, soon the train joins the old Erie Main Line right-of-way and crosses the Hackensack over HX Bridge, a two-track bascule draw. Here, the track parallels Berrys Creek and eventually crosses it just before passing below Route 3, beyond Route 3, the landscape changes to industrial. Office buildings line the side of the track, some serviced by sidings, the Pascack Valley Line soon splits off to the right at Pascack Junction, and the train then crosses Route 17 and approaches the Rutherford station. Soon, the form the border of Carlstadt and Wallington. Presently the train passes Wood-Ridge and South Hackensack before crossing the Saddle River into Garfield reaching the Garfield station, shortly after passing beneath U. S. Highway 46 the track becomes the border of Saddle Brook and Elmwood Park, once again crossing Midland Avenue. Interstate 80 passes above the train, which crosses the Garden State Parkway. The Broadway station in Fair Lawn straddles a border formed by the track, in Fair Lawn, the line is paralleled by Plaza Road, named for Radburn Plaza, the commercial area serving the Radburn development for which the boroughs more northerly station is named. The line crosses below Route 208 before reaching Radburn, beyond the station, the train passes housing to the right and industry to the left, with a spur to a Nabisco plant
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Meadowlands station
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The station is situated equidistant between Meadowlands Racetrack, American Dream Meadowlands, and MetLife Stadium to which there is a direct aerial connection. There is one platform and one side platform each approximately 950 feet in length and have an enclosed passenger overpass. NJ Transit operates the Meadowlands Rail Line to the station for stadium events when 50,000 or more attendees are expected, the station is expected to operate daily once the American Dream Meadowlands complex is completed. The station officially opened to the public on July 26,2009 for the game of the CONCACAF Gold Cup tournament between the United States and Mexico. As many as 6,000 of the 80,000 attendees at the game arrived at the complex using the station. Some concertgoers had to wait up to two hours to board trains after the show, as the line can only accommodate a maximum capacity of 10,000 people per hour. Meadowlands Railroad and Roadway Improvement Project
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Meadowlands Rail Line
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Meadowlands Rail Line is a rail line in New Jersey, United States, operated by New Jersey Transit. Trains run between the Meadowlands Sports Complex and Secaucus Junction, some with continuing service to Hoboken Terminal, there is a limited service on the line, with trains only operating in conjunction with major events. Upon its opening on July 20,2009, it became the newest route of New Jersey Transit rail operations and it is represented on NJT maps with the color white, unlike other lines, it does not have a logo. It was built at a cost of $185 million, NJ Transit runs trains along the Meadowlands Rail Line for events where 50,000 or more attendees are expected, including New York Jets and New York Giants games. Trains begin running 3 1⁄2 hours before an event and stop up to two hours after its conclusion, travel time between Meadowlands Station and Secaucus Junction is 10 to 13 minutes, a trip to or from Hoboken Terminal takes about 23 minutes. The agency considers full capacity to be 10,000 passengers per hour, NJT officials have said they will begin daily service when the American Dream Meadowlands retail and entertainment complex opens. Secaucus Junction is a interchange station for NJ Transit where all. At its eastern terminus Hoboken Terminal connections to PATH trains, Hudson Bergen Light Rail, New York Waterway ferries, the Train to the Game is an excursion train operated jointly by Metro-North Railroad and NJ Transit, for Sunday football games starting at 1 pm. Trains running as part of this service originate at New Haven and they travel through southwestern Connecticut and Westchester County, cross Manhattan via New York Penn and continue through the North River Tunnels as regular NJT trains to Secaucus Junction. When the service first began, three trains operated in each direction, however, this was reduced to one train in each direction starting with the 2010 Football Season. In 2012, New Jersey Transit began introducing online ticketing service by offering tickets from New York Penn Station to Met Life Stadium during the 2012 NFL season. The Meadowlands Sports Complex, which opened in 1976, was until 2009 accessible only via automobile or bus, the decision to build a rail line to it was welcome but the route was a source of controversy. A portion of the line is a 2. 3-mile-long spur line connected via a new wye connection to the existing network, the line as built is a spur off the Pascack Valley Line, which travels further than if it had branched directly off the Bergen County Line. The decision to spend $6.2 million to acquire a right-of-way that travels through a federal Superfund site was also contentious, the opening ceremonies for the line took place on July 20,2009. The station opened to the public on July 26,2009 and it is estimated that 6,000 arrived via the new rail line. Ridership to National Football League games increased by 50 percent in the lines second year of operation. In 2010, about 10,500 attendees at New York Jets games and 8,000 attendees at New York Giants games arrived by train, after the game ended there were more delays as demanded exceeded the Meadowlands stations regular operating capacity. At one point, fans were asked to remain inside the stadium until more trains were dispatched to load passengers from the station, in total 28,301 riders arrived at the stadium and 35,264 left via train
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Metro-North Railroad
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With an average weekday ridership of 298,900 in 2014, it is the second-busiest commuter railroad in North America in terms of annual ridership, behind its sister railroad, the Long Island Rail Road. Metro-North also provides rail service within New York City at a reduced fare. There are 124 stations on Metro-North Railroads five active lines, which operate on more than 775 miles of track, the MTA has jurisdiction, through Metro-North, over railroad lines on the western and eastern portions of the Hudson River in New York. Service on the side of the Hudson is operated by New Jersey Transit under contract with the MTA. Three lines provide service on the east side of the Hudson River to Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan, the Hudson, Harlem. The Beacon Line is a line owned by Metro-North but is not in service. The Hudson and Harlem Lines terminate in Poughkeepsie and Wassaic, New York, the New Haven Line is operated through a partnership between Metro-North and the State of Connecticut. The Connecticut Department of Transportation owns the tracks and stations within Connecticut, MTA owns the tracks and stations and handles capital improvements within New York State. MTA performs routine maintenance and provides services for the entire line, its branches. New cars and locomotives are purchased in a joint agreement between MTA and ConnDOT, with the agencies paying for 33. 3% and 66. 7% of costs respectively. ConnDOT pays more because most of the line is in Connecticut, the New Haven Line has three branches in Connecticut, the New Canaan Branch, Danbury Branch and Waterbury Branch. At New Haven, the Shore Line East connecting service, run by Connecticut, Amtrak operates intercity train service along the New Haven and Hudson Lines. The New Haven Line is part of Amtraks Northeast Corridor, at New Haven, the New Haven Line connects to the Amtrak New Haven–Springfield Line. The Hudson Line connects with the Oak Point Link and is the route for freight to and from the Bronx. Freight railroads CSX, CP Rail, P&W, and Housatonic Railroad have trackage rights on sections of the system, there are two branches, the Port Jervis Line and the Pascack Valley Line. The Port Jervis Line is accessed from two New Jersey Transit lines, the Main Line and the Bergen County Line. The Port Jervis Line terminates in Port Jervis, New York, most stops for the Port Jervis and Pascack Valley Lines are in New Jersey, so New Jersey Transit provides most of the rolling stock and all the staff, Metro-North supplies some equipment. Metro-North equipment has been used on other New Jersey Transit lines on the Hoboken division, All stations west of the Hudson River in New York are owned and operated by Metro-North, except Suffern, which is owned and operated by New Jersey Transit
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Port Jervis Line
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The Port Jervis Line is a predominantly single-track commuter rail line running between Suffern and Port Jervis, in the U. S. state of New York. At Suffern, the line south into New Jersey as NJ Transits Main Line. Train service is provided by New Jersey Transit Rail Operations under an agreement with Metro-North Railroad. Service includes 13 Hoboken-bound and 12 Port Jervis-bound trains plus 2 Middletown-bound trains on weekdays, Norfolk Southern Railway shares use of this track for local freight operations between Suffern and Port Jervis. The New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway operates over the line between Hudson Junction and Port Jervis, and onward to Binghamton over the former Eries Delaware Division. The tracks have been owned by NS since the 1999 split of Conrail, Metro-North leased the entire line from NS in 2003, with the possibility of outright purchase after 2006. Since 2003, MNRR immediately began a track and signal improvement program in order to provide more reliable and comfortable service for $183 million. The Port Jervis line runs through some of the most remote and rural country found on the Metro-North system, and includes both its longest bridge and longest tunnel. The portions of the line from Suffern to Harriman and from Otisville to Port Jervis were built as the line of the New York and Erie Rail Road. The route south of Suffern is slightly younger, the main line ran east from Suffern to Piermont. The portion from Harriman to Otisville was built in 1904–1908 as a freight bypass named the Graham Line. This portion of the line bypasses the original Erie main line through Monroe, Chester, Goshen, additional through trains to Chicago were the Pacific Limited, and its east-bound counterpart, the Atlantic Limited. The Lake Cities and the Pacific Limited were night-time departures, the Erie Limited was discontinued in 1963. Other routes west were eliminated throughout the course of the 1960s, the last train west of Port Jervis, #21/#22, a daily train to Binghamton, had its final run on November 27,1966. On November 14,1973, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority agreed to subsidize existing Erie Lackawanna Railway service on the Port Jervis, New Jersey Transit subsidized the service within in New Jersey. The MTA was only responsible for paying for Conrails operation and maintenance of the line, to ensure that service was not terminated, the MTA created a wholly owned subsidiary, the Metro-North Commuter Railroad. This included service west of the Hudson River, where rail lines do not connect directly with New York City, the MTA initially equipped the lines with second-hand equipment. In 1984, the Main Line between Harriman and Middletown was abandoned, and service was moved to the longer Graham Line, officially, the first day of regular service on the Graham Line was April 18,1983
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Princeton Branch
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The Princeton Branch is a commuter rail line and service owned and operated by New Jersey Transit in the U. S. state of New Jersey. The line is a branch of the Northeast Corridor Line. Also known as the Dinky line, or the Princeton Junction and Back, now running 2.7 mi along a single track, it is the shortest scheduled commuter rail line in the United States. The run takes approximately 5 minutes, at the initiative of Princeton University, the Princeton station was moved approximately 460 ft closer to Princeton Junction in order to construct a new University Arts Center. The new station opened on November 17,2014, as of 2016, the weekday branch schedule includes 41 departures in each direction. The line is served by a single or two-car set of Budd Arrow III self-propelled electric coach cars, the Pennsylvania Railroad leased and began to operate the C&A, including the Princeton Branch, in 1871. The branch was double-tracked in 1905 to handle popular college football weekends, upgraded to an electric train in 1933, fully electrified in 1936. Penn Central Transportation took over operations in 1968, and discontinued the little-used Penns Neck station in 1971, the Princeton train, locally called the Dinky or the PJ&B, is a unique symbol of Princeton University that has grown over time to emblemize the University. The theme of Princeton and the train is repeated again in the Universitys own traditional homecoming song Going Back to Nassau Hall by Kenneth S. Clark, in it, the lyric Well clear the track as we go back refers to the Princeton Branch track leading to the campus. The Great Dinky Robbery was an incident on May 3,1963, in four men boarded the Dinky. Princeton was not yet co-educational, and weekend dates from womens colleges usually arrived by train, on a Friday evening, four Princeton University students, riding horses in Western attire, ambushed the train as it was arriving at Princeton station. A convertible was parked across the track, forcing the Dinky to come to an abrupt halt, the men, including George Bunn Jr. who was armed with a pistol loaded with blanks, boarded the train and persuaded four female passengers to leave with them. The Dinky later resumed its trip and arrived at Princeton Station, although the University administrators were aware of the event and may have known who was involved, they took no official action. Rail advocates opposed the relocation, fearing that access to the new station would be less convenient, the proposal prompted protest from residents, students, faculty and alumni, and led to the creation of the organization Save the Dinky and a lengthy series of legal challenges. In October 2010, the Princeton Regional Planning Board passed a resolution supporting the continuation of train service, the new Princeton station opened on November 17,2014, with construction continuing on a complex of arts and dining buildings in the surrounding area. The Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission and New Jersey Transit have conducted studies to develop the Central New Jersey Route 1 Bus Rapid Transit Project, in 2011, NJT indicated that moving the Princeton station would not be detrimental to its planning. In April 2012, the university submitted a plan for the arts and transit center. According to the university, ownership of the trackage would have to change hands in order for the transitway to be implemented, approvals were subsequently issued for converting the station house and the extended freight house into a pair of restaurants
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Atlantic City Line
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It runs over trackage that was controlled by both the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines. It shares trackage with SEPTA and Amtrak on the Northeast Corridor until it crosses the Delaware River on its own Delair Bridge into New Jersey, the Atlantic City Line also shares the right-of-way with the PATCO Speedline between Haddonfield and Lindenwold, New Jersey. There are 14 departures each day in each direction, conrail also uses short sections of the line for freight movements, including the NEC-Delair Bridge section to its main freight yard in Camden, New Jersey. Unlike all other NJT railway lines, the Atlantic City line does not have traditional rush hour service, the Atlantic City line is colored dark blue on New Jersey Transits system maps, and the lines symbol is a lighthouse. In the 19th and early 20th century, Atlantic City was the seaside vacation destination for the Philadelphia area for both wealthy and working class alike. Competition was fierce and the ACRR and C&A lines boasted some of the fastest trains in the world, conrail took over from the PRSL in 1976, maintaining service between Lindenwold and Atlantic City, Ocean City and Cape May. In 1981 NJDOT discontinued the chronically under-performing South Jersey rail services, almost immediately, there was talk of restoring the line to Atlantic City. A deal with Amtrak was worked out where the line, suffering from decades of deferred maintenance and in places outright abandonment, dubbed the Gamblers Express, service connected Atlantic City with cities up and down the Northeast Corridor as well as a local commuter service run by NJT. The current Atlantic City line opened May 21,1989, with Amtrak running from New York, Philadelphia, service was soon extended to Springfield, Massachusetts, and Richmond, and for a brief period, the Philadelphia International Airport. The following September, NJT moved in, serving commuters between Atlantic City and Lindenwold, at Lindenwold, passengers had to transfer to PATCO. By 1994, Amtrak realized that their Atlantic City plan was poorly marketed, as a result, it was announced that Amtrak would discontinue service effective April 1,1995. Initially, there were worries that NJT would also cease operations, as Amtrak had been helping maintain the track, however, NJT reluctantly opted to stay, as the line was the transit agencys only commuter line in South Jersey. For the time being, a target of a US $1 million subsidy reduction was set in March 1996, NJT eventually extended service into Philadelphia, and a new station facility was built in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. Ridership increased and NJT decided to maintain the line after declaring that the ridership had met the target set for it. Another improvement that has occurred was the starting of a shuttle service between the Atlantic City Rail Terminal and the citys casinos. Free jitneys shuttle passengers to the shore and the various casinos, on May 12,2009, New Jersey Governor Jon S. This enables Atlantic City passengers to travel as far as New York completely on New Jersey Transit rail and light rail, the Pennsauken Transit Center opened to passengers on October 14,2013. The line received some damage from Hurricane Sandy on October 29–30,2012 and this route operated between the Atlantic City Rail Terminal and Pennsylvania Station in Midtown Manhattan
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Frank Lautenberg
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Frank Raleigh Lautenberg was a United States Senator from New Jersey and a member of the Democratic Party. He was originally from Paterson, New Jersey, Lautenberg was elected to five terms as a Senator. He first took office in December 1982 and served three terms, retiring from the Senate in 2001 and he died during his second term. He is also the longest serving senator from New Jersey, having served a total of 28 years,5 months and 8 days, before entering politics, he was the chairman and chief executive officer of Automatic Data Processing, Inc. In his early years, he served overseas in the U. S. Army Signal Corps from 1942 to 1946 as a part of the war effort, and after returning home his interest in American political events increased. Lautenberg was born in Paterson, New Jersey, the son of Mollie and Sam Lautenberg, Jewish immigrants from Poland and Russia and he was named after his maternal grandfather, Frank Bergen, and close family friend and Paterson community activist, Raleigh Weintrob. When Lautenberg was 19, his father who worked in mills, sold coal, farmed and once ran a tavern. His mother then opened a shop to support the family. After graduating from Nutley High School in 1941, Lautenberg served overseas in the United States Army Signal Corps during World War II from 1942 to 1946, then, financed by the GI Bill, he attended and graduated from Columbia Business School in 1949 with a degree in economics. He worked as a salesman for Prudential Insurance and was the first salesman at Automatic Data Processing and he became the companys CEO in 1975. He was the commissioner of the Port Authority of New York. Lautenberg contributed to Democratic candidates for years and he donated $90,000 to George McGoverns campaign for President in 1972, earning himself a place on one of Richard Nixons enemies lists. In 1982, he ran for the Democratic nomination for the U. S. Senate, maguire was the favorite but Boggs entry took votes away from him and Lautenberg spent a considerable amount of his own money. Lautenberg won with a plurality, taking 26% of the vote to Maguires 23%, LeFantes 20%, the seat had been occupied by Democrat Harrison A. Williams, who resigned on March 11,1982, after being implicated in the Abscam scandal. After Williams resignation, Republican Governor Thomas Kean appointed Republican Nicholas F. Brady to the seat, Brady served in the Senate through the primary and general elections but did not run for the seat himself. In the general election, Lautenberg faced popular Republican congresswoman Millicent Fenwick and she ran on a very progressive platform and polls in the Summer of 1982 put her ahead by 18 points. Even Lautenberg quipped that she was the most popular candidate in the country, Lautenberg spent more of his own money, eventually out-spending Fenwick two-to-one. He did however point out that she would be almost 80 at the end of her first term and was unlikely to gain much seniority in the Senate
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Amtrak
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Founded in 1971 to take over most of the remaining U. S. passenger rail services, it is partially government funded yet operated and managed as a for-profit corporation. Amtrak serves more than 500 destinations in 46 states and three Canadian provinces, operating more than 300 trains each day over 21,300 miles of track, some track sections allow trains to run as fast as 150 mph. In fiscal year 2015, Amtrak served 30.8 million passengers and had $2.185 billion in revenue, nearly two-thirds of passengers come from the 10 largest metropolitan areas, 83% of passengers travel on routes shorter than 400 miles. Its headquarters is at Union Station in Washington, D. C, the name Amtrak is a portmanteau of the words America and trak, the latter itself a sensational spelling of track. From the mid-19th century until about 1920, nearly all intercity travelers in the United States moved by rail, historically, U. S. passenger trains were owned and operated by the same privately owned companies that operated freight trains. About 65,000 railroad passenger cars operated in 1929, from 1920 into the later 20th century, passenger rails popularity diminished and there was a series of pullbacks and tentative recoveries. Rail passenger revenues declined dramatically between 1920 and 1934 because of the rise of the automobile, in the same period, many travelers were lost to interstate bus companies such as Greyhound Lines. However, in the mid-1930s, railroads reignited popular imagination with service improvements and new, diesel-powered streamliners, such as the gleaming silver Pioneer Zephyr and Flying Yankee. Even with the improvements, on a basis, traffic continued to decline. World War II broke the malaise, passenger traffic soared sixfold thanks to troop movements, in 1946, there remained 45 percent fewer passenger trains than in 1929, and the decline quickened despite railroad optimism. Passengers disappeared and so did trains, few trains generated profits, most produced losses. Broad-based passenger rail deficits appeared as early as 1948, and by the mid-1950s, by 1965, only 10,000 rail passenger cars were in operation,85 percent fewer than in 1929. Passenger service was provided on only 75,000 miles of track, the 1960s also saw the end of railway post office revenues, which had helped some of the remaining trains break even. The causes of the decline of rail in the United States were complex. Until 1920, rail was the practical form of intercity transport. By 1930, the companies had constructed, with private funding. In 1916, the amount of track in the United States peaked at 254,251 miles, some rail routes had been built primarily to facilitate the sale of stock in the railroad companies, they were redundant from the beginning. These were the first to be abandoned as the financial positions deteriorated
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PATH (rail system)
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The PATH is operated by, and named after, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. PATH trains run 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, the system has a route length of 13.8 miles, not including any route overlap. As of October 2016, PATH had a weekday ridership of 276,417. PATH trains only use tunnels in Manhattan, Hoboken and downtown Jersey City, the tracks cross the Hudson River through century-old cast iron tubes that rest on the river bottom under a thin layer of silt. PATHs route from Grove Street in Jersey City west to Newark runs in open cuts, at grade level, PATH does accept the same pay-per-ride MetroCard used by the New York City Transit system, but it does not accept unlimited ride, reduced fare, or EasyPay MetroCards. The history of PATH predates the New York City Subways first underground line, PATH was originally known as the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad. Although the railroad was first planned in 1874, existing technologies could not safely tunnel under the Hudson River, construction began on the existing tunnels in 1890, but stopped shortly thereafter when funding ran out. Construction resumed in 1900 under the direction of William Gibbs McAdoo, McAdoo later became president of what was known, for many years, as the H&M, Hudson Tubes or McAdoo Tunnels. Haskins plan was to excavate the tunnel, then fill it with compressed air to expel the water and to hold the iron plate lining in place. When the New York & Jersey Tunnel Company resumed construction on the tunnels in 1902, an enormous mechanical shield was pushed through the silt at the bottom of the river. The displaced mud was placed into a chamber, where it was later shoveled into small cars that hauled it to the surface. In some cases, the silt was baked with kerosene torches to facilitate removal of the mud. The southern tunnel of the pair was constructed using the tubular cast iron method. Construction of the tunnels was completed in 1906. A second pair of tunnels was built about 1 1⁄4 miles south of the first pair, construction began in 1906 and was completed in 1909, also using the tubular cast iron method. Each track enjoys its own tunnel, which enables a better ventilation via the piston effect. By contrast, the ends of the tunnels, located underneath Manhattan, employed cut. On July 19,1909, service began between the Hudson Terminal in Lower Manhattan and Exchange Place in Jersey City, through the downtown tubes, the connection between Exchange Place and the junction near Hoboken Terminal opened on August 2,1909
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Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
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New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
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New York City Subway
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Opened in 1904, the New York City Subway is one of the worlds oldest public transit systems, one of the worlds most used metro systems, and the metro system with the most stations. It offers service 24 hours per day, every day of the year, the New York City Subway is the largest rapid transit system in the world by number of stations, with 472 stations in operation. Stations are located throughout the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Port Authority Trans-Hudson and the AirTrain JFK, in Manhattan and Queens respectively, accept the subways MetroCard but are not operated by the MTA and do not allow free transfers. Another mass transit service that is not operated by the MTA, the system is also one of the worlds longest. Overall, the system contains 236 miles of routes, translating into 665 miles of track. In 2015, the subway delivered over 1.76 billion rides, averaging approximately 5.7 million daily rides on weekdays and a combined 5.9 million rides each weekend. Of the systems 25 services,22 of them pass through Manhattan, the exceptions being the G train, the Franklin Avenue Shuttle, and the Rockaway Park Shuttle. Large portions of the subway outside Manhattan are elevated, on embankments, or in open cuts, in total, 40% of track is not underground despite the subway moniker. Many lines and stations have both express and local services and these lines have three or four tracks. Normally, the two are used for local trains, while the inner one or two are used for express trains. Stations served by express trains are typically major transfer points or destinations, alfred Ely Beach built the first demonstration for an underground transit system in New York City in 1869 and opened it in February 1870. The tunnel was never extended for political and financial reasons, although extensions had been planned to take the tunnel southward to The Battery, the Great Blizzard of 1888 helped demonstrate the benefits of an underground transportation system. A plan for the construction of the subway was approved in 1894, the first underground line of the subway opened on October 27,1904, almost 36 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line. The fare was $0.05 and on the first day the trains carried over 150,000 passengers, the oldest structure still in use opened in 1885 as part of the BMT Lexington Avenue Line in Brooklyn and is now part of the BMT Jamaica Line. The oldest right-of-way, which is part of the BMT West End Line near Coney Island Creek, was in use in 1864 as a railroad called the Brooklyn, Bath. By the time the first subway opened, the lines had been consolidated into two privately owned systems, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, the city built most of the lines and leased them to the companies. This required it to be run at cost, necessitating fares up to double the five-cent fare popular at the time, in 1940, the city bought the two private systems. Some elevated lines ceased service immediately while others closed soon after, integration was slow, but several connections were built between the IND and BMT, these now operate as one division called the B Division
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Hudson County Burial Grounds
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The Hudson County Burial Grounds are also known as the Secaucus Potters Field and Snake Hill Cemetery and it is located in Secaucus, New Jersey. The cemetery was cleared of bodies to make room for the Secaucus Transfer Station, more than 4,000 bodies were disinterred. A few were identified and reburied by their families, but the rest were reinterred in a Hackensack cemetery and it is estimated that there are another 5,000 or so graves that have not been found, probably lying outside the Secaucus Junction projects construction areas. Some may lie underneath footings and embankments of the New Jersey Turnpike, the bodies were reburied at the Maple Grove Park Cemetery in Hackensack, New Jersey. The last body was removed from the cemetery on October 31,2003, the remains of 4,572 were transferred. The Register of Burials listed interments between December 31,1880, and April 12,1962, but those within the area were from between 1920 and 1962. The cemetery served the asylum and the poor house that later became the Meadowview Psychiatric Hospital. The Snake Hill region of Secaucus, New Jersey, was the location of the Old Bergen Poor Farm in the late 18th century, in 1840 the southern part of Bergen became Hudson County, which later purchased the land and placed their Insane Asylum and Alms House there. The Berger Group which performed the removals wrote, A total of 113,532 artifacts or non-skeletal objects were recovered of which over 50 percent were coffin nails, of particular note, positive identifications were established for two interments who have living linear descendants. List of cemeteries in Hudson County, New Jersey Potters Field page from Berger Group, which performed disinterment GraveInfo site including link to burial list
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New Jersey Turnpike
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The New Jersey Turnpike, colloquially known to New Jerseyans as the Turnpike, is a toll road in New Jersey, maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. According to the International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association, the Turnpike is the nations sixth-busiest toll road and is one of the most heavily traveled highways in the United States and its northern terminus is located at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, Bergen County. The Turnpike is a major thoroughfare providing access to localities in New Jersey, as well as Delaware, Pennsylvania. The route divides into four roadways between exit 6 and exit 14, with the inner lanes restricted to carrying only cars, and with the outer lanes for cars, trucks and buses. The northern part of the turnpike, along with the entirety of its extensions and spurs, is part of the Interstate Highway System. South of exit 6, it has the unsigned Route 700 designation, construction of the mainline from conceptualization to completion took 23 months, from 1950 to 1952. It was officially opened to traffic in November 1951, between its terminus and exit 10. The Interstate Highway System took some of its design guidelines by copying the Turnpikes design guidelines, to some degree, the Turnpike is considered iconic in pop culture, having been referenced in music, film and television. The main road of the New Jersey Turnpike splits from I-295 in Carneys Point Township and runs a north-northeast route to Ridgefield Park and it is designated Route 700, an unsigned route, from exit 1 to exit 6, and as I-95 from exit 6 to exit 18. The number of ranges from 4 lanes south of exit 4,6 lanes between exit 4 and exit 6,12 lanes between exit 6 and exit 11, and 14 lanes between exit 11 and exit 14. None of these state highway designations have ever been signed, specifically, starting in Mansfield Township, the Turnpike has a total of 12 lanes,6 in each direction. From Woodbridge Township to Newark, High-occupancy vehicle lanes exist on the outer roadway, thereby making it 7 lanes in each direction. The HOV lanes are in effect on weekdays, from 6,00 a. m. –9,00 a. m. northbound, north of exit 14, the Turnpike splits into two spurs, the Eastern Spur and the Western Spur. Both spurs are signed as I-95, the Western Spur is posted for through traffic on I-95 seeking Interstate 280, the Meadowlands Sports Complex, and the George Washington Bridge. Traffic seeking U. S. Route 46, Interstate 80, the New Jersey Department of Transportation, which calls every class of highway Route, calls the Western Spur Route 95W. It connects Newark with Lower Manhattan via the Holland Tunnel in Jersey City and this extension contains three exits and due to its design, it has a 50 mph speed limit. A 6-mile long six-lane highway, it not only connects the Pennsylvania Turnpike with the mainline and it was formerly designated as Route 700P, but is currently designated I-95 in anticipation of the completion of the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project in 2018. A 4-mile stretch of I-95 north of U. S.46 came under Turnpike Authority jurisdiction in 1992 and this section of the road travels past the interchange for I-80 and through a cut in the Hudson Palisades at GWB Plaza
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Meadowlands Sports Complex
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In the mid-1960s, civic leaders in New Jersey began calling for a sports complex in the New Jersey Meadowlands that would be able to lure a National Football League team from New York City. The New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority Law was passed by the New Jersey Legislature in 1971, the first chairman of the NJSEA was David A. Sonny Werblin, former president of the NFLs New York Jets. By years end, Werblin had secured a deal for the New York Giants, ground was broken on Giants Stadium and the Meadowlands Racetrack on November 19,1972. To accommodate the new facility, access roads were improved, routes 3 and 20 also received improvements. On September 1,1976, the Meadowlands Racetrack became the first complex venue to open, the track drew a capacity crowd of 42,133 for its initial date. Giants Stadium opened on October 10,1976, as 76,042 fans watched the New York Giants lose to the Dallas Cowboys, by 1977, plans were in the works to expand the complex. A new arena was to be built on the side of Route 20 from the stadium and racetrack, connected by vehicle ramps. Brendan Byrne Arena, named for the governor, opened July 2,1981. The arena was renamed for its sponsor, Continental Airlines, in early 1996. Work came to a halt in 2009, and Triple Five, Giants Stadium closed in at the end of the 2009 NFL season and demolition started immediately. In September 2010, MetLife Stadium, then known as New Meadowlands Stadium, opened for its first game, a commuter train line and a training center for the Giants also opened at the same time. MetLife bought the rights for the stadium and the entire complex in August 2011. In addition to the three venues, the complex also hosts events in the MetLife Stadium parking lot, State Fair Meadowlands began in 1986 and has been operated by State Fair of Belleville since 2003. The parking lot is also the home of a flea market. The NJSEA hires in-house security and emergency services staff to serve the venues at the Sports Complex. Law enforcement is provided by the New Jersey State Police Sports Complex Unit. MetLife Stadium is the stadium for the New York Giants. The stadium opened in 2010, following the closing and demolition of the Giants, MetLife Stadium hosted Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014
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New Jersey
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New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the statistical areas of New York City. New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, in the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. New Jersey was the site of decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century. In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains, around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as rivers, swamps. New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time of contact, scheyichbi is the Lenape name for the land that is now New Jersey. The Lenape society was divided into clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign, Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf and they first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The Dutch became the first Europeans to lay claim to lands in New Jersey, the Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of ownership was not recognized by the Lenape. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship called Pavonia in 1630 along the North River which eventually became the Bergen, peter Minuits purchase of lands along the Delaware River established the colony of New Sweden. During the English Civil War, the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the British Crown and it was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York, the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton, the area was named the Province of New Jersey. Since the states inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic, New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants
NJT Bus: 2, 78, 129, 329, 353
16.2%
Upper Concourse Level