The second presidency of Alan García (2006–2011) began with the successful economic growth of the country recovering from the crisis of the first presidency of Alan García in the 1980s. Presidents Alberto Fujimori (1990–2000) and Alejandro Toledo (2001–2006) began with new neoliberal economic policies after García's crisis.

José Antonio García Belaunde is a Peruvian career diplomat, who served as Foreign Minister during the Second Presidency of Alan Garcia from 2006 to 2011, making him the only Foreign Affairs Minister to serve a complete term. On August 2, 2011, his successor in office, Rafael Roncagliolo announced his appointment as Peru's co-agent before the Court of The Hague.