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History
Secret ballot
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The secret ballot, also known as the Australian ballot, is a voting method in which a voter's identity in an election or a referendum is anonymous. This forestalls attempts to influence the voter by intimidation, blackmailing, and potential vote buying. This system is one means of achieving the goal of political privacy.
Luis Guillermo Solís, then-President of Costa Rica, votes behind a privacy screen which says "The VOTE is SECRET".
Luis Guillermo Solís, then-President of Costa Rica, votes behind a privacy screen which says "The VOTE is SECRET".
The Polling by William Hogarth (1755). Before the secret ballot was introduced, voter intimidation was commonplace.
The Polling by William Hogarth (1755). Before the secret ballot was introduced, voter intimidation was commonplace.
A British "how to vote" card from 1880
A British "how to vote" card from 1880
New York polling place c. 1900, showing voting booths on the left
New York polling place c. 1900, showing voting booths on the left
Voting
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Voting is a method by which a group, such as a meeting or an electorate, convenes together for the purpose of making a collective decision or expressing an opinion usually following discussions, debates or election campaigns. Democracies elect holders of high office by voting. Residents of a jurisdiction represented by an elected official are called "constituents", and the constituents who choose to cast a ballot for their chosen candidate are called "voters." There are different systems for collecting votes, but while many of the systems used in decision-making can also be used as electoral systems, any which cater to proportional representation can only be used in elections.
In Switzerland, without the need to register, every citizen receives at home the ballot papers and information brochure for each voting (and can send
In Switzerland, without the need to register, every citizen receives at home the ballot papers and information brochure for each voting (and can send it by post). Switzerland has a direct democracy system and votes (and elections) are organized about four times a year; here, to Berne's citizens in November 2008 about 5 national, 2 cantonal, 4 municipal referendums, and 2 elections (government and parliament of the City of Berne) to take care of at the same time.
Young woman's first vote. Cooktown, Australia.
Young woman's first vote. Cooktown, Australia.
Ballot letters in Israel
Ballot letters in Israel
Image: Papeletareferendum 2006
Image: Papeletareferendum 2006