1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Wiz Khalifa
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Cameron Jibril Thomaz, better known by his stage name Wiz Khalifa, is an American rapper, songwriter, and actor. He released his album, Show and Prove, in 2006. His Eurodance-influenced single, Say Yeah, received radio airplay, charting on the Rhythmic Top 40. Khalifa parted with Warner Bros. and released his album, Deal or No Deal. He released the mixtape Kush and Orange Juice as a download in April 2010. He is also known for his debut single for Atlantic, Black and Yellow. His debut album for the label, Rolling Papers, was released on March 29,2011 and he followed that album with O. N. I. F. C. On December 4,2012, which was backed by the singles Work Hard, Play Hard, Wiz released his fourth album Blacc Hollywood on August 18,2014, backed by the lead single We Dem Boyz. In March 2015, he released See You Again for the soundtrack of the film Furious 7, Khalifa was born Cameron Jibril Thomaz on September 8,1987 in Minot, North Dakota, to parents serving in the military. His parents divorced when Khalifa was about three years old and he is a military brat with his parents military service caused him to move regularly. Khalifa lived in Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan before settling in Pittsburgh where he attended Taylor Allderdice High School and his stage name is derived from Khalifa, an Arabic word meaning successor, and wisdom, which was shortened to Wiz when Khalifa was a young boy. He got a tattoo of his name on his 17th birthday. He cites Jimi Hendrix, Camp Lo, The Notorious B. I. G. Rostrum Records president Benjy Grinberg first heard about Wiz Khalifa in 2004 when the rappers contribution to a mixtape of various new Pittsburgh artists attracted his interest. Khalifa signed to the label shortly after and began a period of artist development. Khalifa released his first mixtape, Prince of the City, Welcome to Pistolvania, the mixtape paved the way for his first full-length album entitled Show and Prove in 2006. Khalifa was declared an artist to watch that year in Rolling Stone magazine and his debut Warner Bros. single Say Yeah reached number 25 on the Billboard Rhythmic Top 40 music chart and number 20 on Billboards Hot Rap Tracks. The song samples Better Off Alone by Alice Deejay, Khalifa appeared with The Game, David Banner and Play-n-Skillz at U92s Summer Jam at the USANA Amphitheatre in West Valley City, Utah on August 2,2008. Khalifa released the mixtapes Star Power in September 2008, and Flight School in April 2009 on Rostrum Records, Khalifa parted ways with Warner Bros. Records in July 2009 after numerous delays in releasing his planned debut album for the label, First Flight
3.
Charlie Puth
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Charles Otto Charlie Puth Jr. is an American singer-songwriter and record producer. Puths initial exposure came through the success of his song videos uploaded to YouTube. He subsequently gained wider recognition for multiple releases, including his debut single Marvin Gaye. The song topped charts in Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, Puth wrote, co-produced, and performed with Wiz Khalifa on the song See You Again, included in the Furious 7 soundtrack as a tribute to the late Paul Walker. Puth was born December 2,1991, in Rumson, New Jersey, the son of Debra, a teacher, who also wrote commercials for HBO, and Charles Puth. His father is Catholic and his mother is Jewish and he has two younger siblings, twins Stephen and Mikaela. As a two-year-old, Puths right eyebrow was permanently scarred in a nearly fatal dog-bite incident, Puth has perfect pitch, a rare auditory phenomenon that enables him to identify or recreate music, without a reference note. His mother introduced him to music and began teaching him the piano at age 4. He started studying jazz at age 10 and participated in a youth jazz ensemble at Count Basie Theatres Cool School in Red Bank. He was hired by The Count Basie Theatre to play in a Charlie Brown production, in grade six, he went door to door selling a Christmas album called Have a Merry Charlie Christmas that he had recorded and produced, making $600 in sales. He attended the Holy Cross School, Rumson, and Forrestdale Middle School, during his seventh grade to senior years, he attended Manhattan School of Music Pre-College as a jazz piano major and a classical studies minor. Puth graduated in 2013 from the Berklee College of Music, where he majored in music production, in September 2009, he started his own YouTube channel, entitled Charlies Vlogs, posting comedy videos and acoustic covers. In 2010, Puth released the video of his first song. On December 10, he released his extended play, The Otto Tunes. In 2011, he won a video competition sponsored by Perez Hilton. In the same year Ellen DeGeneres announced that she had signed Puth and Luther to her label, eleveneleven, Puth had performed the song on the show. In December 2012 he released a single, Break Again. The music video was released days later, on January 25,2012, Puth and Luther performed the song and Lady Antebellums Need You Now on The Ellen DeGeneres Show
4.
Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
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Furious 7, Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to Furious 7. It was released on March 17,2015, by Atlantic Records, the film had three initial promotional singles released from the soundtrack. The first was Ride Out, performed by Kid Ink, Tyga, Wale, YG, Ride Out also had a music video alongside its release, and the second single was Go Hard or Go Home, performed by Wiz Khalifa and Iggy Azalea. Both singles were released on February 17,2015, off-Set, performed by T. I. and Young Thug was the final promotional single for the film, and had a music video accompanied its release. Wiz Khalifa released a video for See You Again as the final tribute to late Paul Walker. It features pop singer Charlie Puth, who wrote the song alongside Khalifa, the music video consisted of compiled archive footage from the duration of the film series in special memory of Walker. See You Again was an international success, reaching number one in fourteen countries, including the US. The song received a nomination for Best Original Song at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards. The album peaked at one on the US Billboard 200 albums chart for one week in its fourth week, in the week ending April 12,2015. It was buoyed by the popularity and increase in sales of its single, See You Again, the album also reached number 2 on the UK Compilation Chart. The resulting LP doesnt just move between hip-hop, EDM and Latin pop—it shows all three genres trading ideas, environmentalists, rejoice, This one is plenty of fun even if no ones burning gas
5.
Nine Track Mind
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Nine Track Mind is the debut studio album by American singer Charlie Puth. It was released on January 29,2016, by Atlantic Records, Puth has produced throughout the album. The albums lead single, Marvin Gaye, featuring Meghan Trainor, was released on February 10,2015 and it peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the charts in various countries including France, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The albums second single, One Call Away, was released on August 20,2015 and it peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100. On May 24,2016, Puth released the third single We Dont Talk Anymore, the song has peaked at number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100. The finalized track listing was revealed on December 11,2015, the final track listing removed the tracks Know Your Name and Hard and replaced them with Dangerously and We Dont Talk Anymore. I Wont Tell A Soul was also due for inclusion on the Japanese edition, Puth embarked on his Nine Track Mind Tour in March 2016. A deluxe edition, containing three new songs, was released on November 11,2016, Marvin Gaye, which features guest vocals from Meghan Trainor, was released on February 10,2015, as the first single from the album. One Call Away was announced by Puth as the single from the album on August 4,2015. On May 11,2016, Puth announced We Dont Talk Anymore as the single from the album. The song features Selena Gomez as the guest artist and it impacted US contemporary hit radio on May 24,2016. Other songs A music video was released on February 19,2016, to version of Suffer. On November 2, Puth released the video to Dangerously. Nine Track Mind received generally negative reviews from music critics, losing My Mind contains elements of Vera Halls song Wild Ox Moan
6.
CD single
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This article is about the 12cm single. Not to be confused with 8cm single, the standard in the Red Book for the term CD single. A CD single is a single in the form of a standard size compact disc. It is not to be confused with the Mini CD single, the format was introduced in the mid-1980s but did not gain its place in the market until the early 1990s. With the rise in digital downloads in the early 2010s, sales of CD singles have decreased, commercially released CD singles can vary in length from two songs up to six songs like an EP. Some contain multiple mixes of one or more songs, in the tradition of 12 vinyl singles, depending on the nation, there may be limits on the number of songs and total length for sales to count in singles charts. Containing four tracks, it had a limited print run. CD singles were first made eligible for the UK Singles Chart in 1987, the Mini CD single format was originally created for use for singles in the late 1980s, but met with limited success, particularly in the US. The smaller CDs were more successful in Japan and have become more common in Europe. By 1989, the CD3 was in decline in the US and it was common in the 1990s for US record companies to release both a two-track CD and a multi-track maxi CD. In the UK, record companies would also release two CDs but, usually, these consisted of three tracks or more each. Pressure from record labels made singles charts in some countries become song charts, allowing album cuts to chart based only on airplay, without a single ever being released. At the end of the 1990s, the CD was the single format in the UK, but in the US. In Australia, the Herald Sun reported the CD single is set to become extinct, while CD singles no longer maintain their own section of the store, copies are still distributed but placed with the artists albums. That is predominantly the case for popular Australian artists such as Jessica Mauboy, Kylie Minogue and, most recently, Delta Goodrem, the ARIA Singles Chart are now predominantly compiled from legal downloads, and ARIA also stopped compiling their physical singles sales chart. On a Mission by Gabriella Cilmi was the last CD single to be stocked in Kmart, Target and Big W, sanity Entertainment, having resisted the decline for longer than the other major outlets, has also ceased selling CD singles. In Greece and Cyprus, the term CD single is used to describe a play in which there may be anywhere from three to six different tracks. These releases charted on the Greek Singles Chart with songs released as singles, in September 2003, there was talk of ringtones for mobile phones outstripping CD singles sales for the year 2004
7.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
8.
Pop-rap
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Pop-rap is a genre of music fusing the rhythm-based lyricism of hip hop music with pop musics preference for melodious vocals and catchy tunes, which gained mainstream popularity during the 1990s. The lyrics are often lighthearted, with similar to those heard in pop music. The influences and roots of pop rap trace back to late 1980s hip hop artists, such as Run DMC, LL Cool J, many pop singers will often feature hip-hop artists now. In the 1980s, rap artists including Run DMC, Beastie Boys and LL Cool J set up the blueprints, LL Cool J has been described as the very first pop-rapper in history, when he rose to prominence on his 1985 debut album Radio. When he joined Russell Simmons Def Jam label and decided to try merging rap with pop and R&B influences, MTV has described LL Cool Js 1987 single I Need Love, as one of the first pop-rap crossover hits. Later, rap artists such as Tone Loc, Young MC, during the 1990s, pop rap began to expand even more as hip hop music also began to connect strongly with dance music and R&B. On 9 July 1990, Céline Dion released Unison as the single for her first English-language album of the same name. The track was produced by Andy Goldmark, for the single release, Unison was remixed by Kevin Unger. and make it funky. In the early 1990s, MC Hammer and Vanilla Ice broke into the mainstream with songs like U Cant Touch This, during the 1990s, smash-hit rappers such as MC Hammer caused pop-rap to be derided for its willingness to borrow from well-known hit singles. By the end of the 1990s as rappers fused gangsta rap themes with 1980s pop and soul elements, mariah Carey did a collaboration in 1995 with ODB with the remix version of Fantasy. During the early 2000s, pop-rap returned with a different style. It then went back into the mainstream with the success of The Black Eyed Peas who had smash singles such as Where Is the Love, which came off their Elephunk album.2 million in the United States alone. During the late 2000s, pop-rap had many such as Drake, Will. i. am, Nicki Minaj. For instance, Drakes Take Care album went at the top of the Top 40. Also, his So Far Gone EP peaked at six on the Billboard 200 chart with 73,000 units sold. It dropped in the second week down to nine, with sales of 36,000. Despite being an EP, it became the fifth-best-selling rap record of 2009, as of February 2012, the EP has sold 639,000 copies in the US. The EP was certified gold by the RIAA on July 4,2010 for sales exceeding 500,000, Drakes single Im Goin In charted and peaked at number 40 the week after the EP was sold
9.
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Recording Corporation is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. In 2004, Atlantic Records and its sister label Elektra Records merged into Atlantic Records Group, craig Kallman is currently the chairman of Atlantic Records. Ahmet Ertegün served as founding chairman until his death on December 14,2006, the brothers had become ardent fans of jazz and rhythm & blues music, amassing a collection of over 15,00078 RPM records. He convinced the family dentist, Dr Vahdi Sabit, to invest $10,000 and recruited Herb Abramson, Abramson had worked as a part-time A&R manager/producer for the jazz label National Records, signing Big Joe Turner and Billy Eckstine. He founded Jubilee Records in 1946, but had no interest in its most successful artists, so, in September 1947, he sold his share in Jubilee to his partner, Jerry Blaine, and invested $2500 in the new Atlantic label. When interviewed in 2009 she attributed her reputation to the companys chronic cash-flow shortage, most of the problems we had with artists were that they wanted advances, and that was very difficult for us. We were undercapitalized for a long time, the labels original office in the Ritz Hotel, Manhattan proved too expensive so they relocated to an $85 per month room in the Hotel Jefferson. In its early years Atlantic focused principally on modern jazz although it released some country and western and spoken word recordings. The union action forced Atlantic to use almost all its capital to cut and stockpile enough recordings to last through the ban, Ertegun and Abramson spent much of the late 1940s and early 1950s scouring nightclubs in search of talent. Ertegun composed many songs under the alias A, in early 1949 a New Orleans distributor phoned Ertegun trying to obtain Stick McGhees Drinking Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee, which was unavailable due to the closure of McGhees previous label. Ertegun knew Sticks younger brother Brownie McGhee, with whom Stick happened to be staying, so he contacted the McGhee brothers, Ertegun asked about artists royalties, which he paid, which surprised Columbia executives, who did not, which scuttled the deal. On the recommendation of broadcaster Willis Conover, Ertegun and Abramson went to see Ruth Brown at the Crystal Caverns club in Washington and she was badly injured in a car accident en route to New York but Atlantic supported her for nine months and then signed her. Her first release for the label So Long, cut at her second Atlantic session on May 25,1949 with the Eddie Condon band, was a major hit, reaching #6 on the R&B chart. Brown went on to more than eighty songs for the label, becoming the most prolific. So significant was Browns success to Atlantics fortunes that the label became known colloquially as The House That Ruth Built. The Clovers Dont You Know I Love You became the labels first R&B #1 in September 1951 and she hit #1 again in March–April 1952 with 5-10-15 Hours. After she left the label in 1961 Browns fortunes declined rapidly - within a few years was reduced to working as a cleaner and bus-driver to support her children. Brown eventually received a payment of $20,000 and founded a charity
10.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
11.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
12.
You and Your Friends
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You and Your Friends is a song by American hip hop recording artist Wiz Khalifa from his fifth studio album Blacc Hollywood. It was released on July 22,2014 by Rostrum Records and it was produced by DJ Mustard and features guest appearances by Snoop Dogg and Ty Dolla Sign. It is a track on the deluxe version of Blacc Hollywood. A music video for the song was released on December 22,2014
13.
Marvin Gaye (song)
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Marvin Gaye is the debut single recorded, produced, and co-written by American singer Charlie Puth. It was released on February 10,2015 by Atlantic Records, Puth co-wrote the song with Julie Frost, Jacob Luttrell and Nick Seeley. Marvin Gaye topped the charts in the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, and New Zealand, peaked within the top five in Australia, and reached the top 40 in Austria, Canada and the United States. Puth began his career on YouTube, gaining attention after recording with Emily Luther a cover of Adeles Someone Like You. The two appeared on the The Ellen DeGeneres Show and signed with Ellens record label, eleveneleven, after gaining further attention, Puth signed with Atlantic Records in January 2015. Puth and Meghan Trainor announced a duet, and Marvin Gaye was released as Puths debut single on February 10,2015, OK, Meghan Trainor just asked me to sing on my song, absolutely. In one day, she knew the whole thing and we did it all in one take. The song is also Trainors first release without writing credits, the collaboration led to Puths appearance as one of Trainors dates in the music video for her single Dear Future Husband. In Oceania, Marvin Gaye became a hit, peaking at number one in New Zealand. It was later certified Platinum by Recorded Music New Zealand and 2× Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association. In the United States, the song debuted at number 87 on the Billboard Hot 100 before peaking at number 21, in Ireland, Marvin Gaye debuted at number 97 on the Irish Singles Chart before peaking at number-one five weeks later. The songs accompanying video was directed by Marc Klasfeld and released via YouTube on April 1,2015. It follows a dance in school all in attendance start making out on the floor. The video closes with Puth and Trainor kissing, the video featured a strong product placement for Fiats then new 5001957 Edition and was used prominently in the companys advertising. Puth and Trainor performed Marvin Gaye during the 2015 American Music Awards on November 22,2015, like the music video, the performance ended with a kiss between the two. This led to speculation that the two were in a romantic relationship, Puth denied this, stating that he and Trainor are just friends and the kiss was only meant to keep the performance within the theme of the song. He further said, There was a lot of making out, the dancers were making out and Im sure some of the other dancers were making out. An alternate version of Marvin Gaye has been released replacing Meghan Trainor with rapper Wale, the remix is featured on the Japanese edition of Puths album Nine Track Mind
14.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
15.
Furious 7
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Furious 7 is a 2015 American action film directed by James Wan and written by Chris Morgan. It is the installment in The Fast and the Furious franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris Bridges, Jordana Brewster, Djimon Hounsou, Kurt Russell and Jason Statham. With the previous three installments set between 2 Fast 2 Furious and The Fast and the Furious, Tokyo Drift, Furious 7 is the first installment in the franchise to take place after Tokyo Drift. The film also marks the film appearance of Walker, who died in a single-vehicle crash on November 30,2013. Following Walkers death, filming was delayed for script rewrites, and his brothers, Caleb, plans for a seventh installment were first announced in February 2012 when Johnson stated that production on the film would begin after the completion of Fast & Furious 6. In April 2013, Wan, predominantly known for films, was announced to direct the film in place of Justin Lin. Casting began in the month with the re-signing of Diesel and Walker. Principal photography began in Atlanta, Georgia, in September 2013, resumed in April 2014 and ended in July 2014, with filming locations including Los Angeles, Colorado, Abu Dhabi. Furious 7 premiered in Los Angeles on April 1,2015, and was first released in Australia on April 2,2015, the film was also released in 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX internationally. Upon release, the became a critical and commercial success, with praise being aimed at the films action sequences. The film grossed $397.6 million worldwide in its first five days of release, a sequel, The Fate of the Furious, is scheduled to be released on April 14,2017. Brian begins to accustom himself to life as a father, while Dom tries to help Letty Ortiz regain her memory, after revealing his identity, Shaw engages Hobbs in a fight, and escapes when he detonates a bomb that severely injures Hobbs. Dom later learns from his sister Mia that she is pregnant again, however, a bomb, disguised in a package sent from Tokyo, explodes and destroys the Toretto house just seconds after Han, a member of Doms team, is killed by Shaw in Tokyo. Dom later visits Hobbs in a hospital, where he learns that Shaw is a special forces assassin seeking to avenge his brother. Dom then travels to Tokyo to claim Hans body, and meets and races Sean Boswell, back at Hans funeral in Los Angeles, Dom notices a car observing them, and after a chase, confronts its driver, who is revealed to be Shaw. Both prepare to fight, but Shaw flees when a covert ops team arrives, the team then heads to Abu Dhabi, where a billionaire has acquired the flash drive containing the Gods Eye, and manages to steal it from the owner. With the Gods Eye near telecommunications repeaters, the tracks down Shaw
16.
Paul Walker
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Paul William Walker IV was an American actor. Walker began his career guest-starring in several shows such as The Young. Walker gained prominence with roles in coming of age and teen films such as Shes All That. He also starred in such as Joy Ride, Timeline, Into the Blue, Eight Below. Besides acting, Walker was the face of The Coty Prestige fragrance brand Davidoff Cool Water for Men and he also founded the charity Reach Out Worldwide, an organization providing relief efforts for areas affected by natural disasters. He was often praised for his charity work, and as a performer. Walker died in a collision on November 30,2013. Three films that he was involved in at the time were released posthumously, Hours, Brick Mansions, the song See You Again by Wiz Khalifa and Charlie Puth, which appeared on the Furious 7 soundtrack, is a tribute to Walker. The song was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards. Walker was born in Glendale, California, and was the son of Cheryl, a model, and Paul William Walker III, a sewer contractor. Paul’s paternal grandfather had a career as “Irish Billie Walker”. Pauls ancestry was mostly English, with some German, Swiss, one of his grandfathers raced factory cars for Ford in the 1960s. He was raised as a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, after high school, Walker attended several community colleges in Southern California, majoring in marine biology. Walker began his screen career as a toddler, when he starred in a television commercial for Pampers. He began modeling at the age of two and began working on shows in 1985, with roles in shows such as Highway to Heaven. The Young and the Restless, and Touched by an Angel and that year he starred in a commercial for Showbiz Pizza. Walkers film career began in 1986, with the horror/comedy film Monster in the Closet, in 1987 he appeared in The Retaliator, a low budget cyborg action film, with Robert Ginty. He and his sister Ashlie were contestants on a 1988 episode of the game show Im Telling, in 1993 he played Brandon Collins on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless
17.
Single-vehicle crash
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A single-vehicle collision or single-vehicle accident is a type of road traffic collision in which only one vehicle is involved. Included in this category are run-off-road collisions, collisions with rocks or debris in the road, rollover crashes within the roadway. The term single-vehicle collision is not generally used unless the rider or driver, crashes with only one motor-vehicle where bystanders are injured are not typically called single-vehicle, although technically the term does apply. The normal inference is that the cause is operator error, common factors contributing to single-vehicle collisions include excessive speed, driver fatigue and driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs. Environmental and roadway factors can contribute to single-vehicle crashes. These include inclement weather, poor drainage, narrow lanes and shoulders, insufficient curve banking, some vehicles have unpredictable car handling characteristics or defects, which can increase the potential for a single-vehicle collision. Suicide is also cited as a possible cause of single-vehicle collisions
18.
Valencia, Santa Clarita, California
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Valencia is a neighborhood in Santa Clarita located within Los Angeles County, California. It is in the corner of the Santa Clarita Valley. Most of Valencia is part of a community, it was one of the four unincorporated communities that merged to create the city of Santa Clarita, California. In 1769, the Spanish Portola expedition, first Europeans to see areas of California, came up and over the pass from the San Fernando Valley. They found a native village there and witnessed a wedding celebration. Fray Juan Crespi, a Franciscan missionary travelling with the expedition, named the river Santa Clara, on the return trip, however, the party found a less strenuous trail through Conejo Valley. Later travelers also preferred that route, and Mission San Fernando Rey de España was established down in the valley, the master planned portion of Valencia was first planned in the 1960s by the Newhall Land and Farming Company. Development began in 1967, continues to the present day, and is nearing completion, Valencia is notable for its landscaped boulevards connecting a mix of apartment buildings, single-family detached homes, shopping centers, office parks and industrial warehouses. Major schools in Valencia include California Institute of the Arts, College of the Canyons, West Ranch High School, Valencias residential areas are separated into villages, each with its own lifestyle. Almost all of Valencias villages are close to schools, shopping, in many of the villages, homeowner associations oversee the quality and upkeep of housing developments ranging in size from a few dozen homes to over a thousand. Many villages also have a Neighborhood Watch program in force, Valencia also has a system of paved pathways over or under the streets and boulevards. They connect the community, making it possible to travel throughout nearly all of Valencia on foot or by bicycle without crossing a street at grade level. The paseo network is connected to the Santa Clara River Trail which runs east along the Santa Clara River to Canyon Country, landowners in the Valencia area pay special taxes to maintain landscaping and the paseo system. ZIP code 91385 is a Post Office box ZIP and has no population or median income, Valencia is home to the Six Flags Magic Mountain theme park. Annett Davis, beach volleyball player Taylor Lautner, actor Naya Rivera, actress Michael Trevino, actor Shane Vereen, professional football player Tamara Witmer, model Greater Los Angeles portal
19.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
20.
Eminem
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Marshall Bruce Mathers III, known professionally as Eminem, is an American rapper, record producer, and actor. Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States, throughout his career, he has had 10 number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. Globally, he has more than 172 million albums, thus being one of the worlds best-selling artists. Rolling Stone ranked him 83rd on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and they were followed by Encore in 2004, another critical and commercial success. Eminem went on hiatus after touring in 2005, releasing Relapse in 2009, both won Grammy Awards and Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide, the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year. Eminems eighth album, 2013s The Marshall Mathers LP2, won two Grammy Awards, including Best Rap Album, it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and his Grammy total to 15. In addition to his career, Eminem is an original member of the Midwest hip hop groups Soul Intent. He is also known for his collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 59, Eminem has developed other ventures, including Shady Records, with manager Paul Rosenberg, which helped launch the careers of artists such as 50 Cent. Eminem has also established his own channel, Shade 45, on Sirius XM Radio. In November 2002, he starred in the hip hop film 8 Mile, Eminem has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash, Funny People, The Interview and the television series Entourage. Eminem was born on October 17,1972, in St. Joseph, Missouri, Debbie was 14 when she met 18-year-old Bruce, at age 17, she nearly died during her 73-hour labor. Eminems parents were in a band called Daddy Warbucks, playing in Ramada Inns along the Dakotas–Montana border before their separation, Bruce left the family, moving to California and having two other children, Michael and Sarah. Debbie had son Nathan Nate Kane Samara on February 3,1986, during his childhood, Eminem and Debbie shuttled between Michigan and Missouri, rarely staying in one house for more than a year or two and living primarily with family members. In Missouri, they lived in places, including St. Joseph, Savannah. As a teenager Eminem wrote letters to his father, according to Debbie, friends and family remember Eminem as a happy child, but a bit of a loner who was often bullied. One bully, DeAngelo Bailey, severely injured Eminems head, Debbie filed a lawsuit against the school in 1982, Eminem spent much of his youth in a working-class, primarily black, Detroit neighborhood. He and Debbie were one of three white households on their block, and Eminem was beaten by black youths several times, as a child he was interested in storytelling, aspiring to be a comic-book artist before discovering hip hop. Eminem heard his first rap song on the Breakin soundtrack, a gift from Debbies half-brother Ronnie Polkinghorn, when Polkinghorn committed suicide in 1991, Eminem stopped speaking for days and did not attend his funeral
21.
Lose Yourself
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Lose Yourself is a song by American rapper Eminem from the soundtrack to the 2002 motion picture 8 Mile. The song was written by Eminem and produced by Eminem along with longtime collaborator Jeff Bass, one half of the production duo Bass Brothers and it was released on October 28,2002, as the lead single from the soundtrack. Lose Yourself received acclaim from critics, with many critics praising the songs aggressive themes. Eminems rapping ability, the lyrics and the production were praised as well. In many retrospective reviews and lists, critics have cited the song among Eminems finest, Lose Yourself was a commercial success, peaking atop of the charts in eighteen countries, including the United Kingdom and Australia. In the United States, Lose Yourself reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, Rolling Stone also ranked it one of the top 50 hip hop songs of all time. The song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. It was ranked number 93 on AFIs 100 Years.100 Songs list, in October 2011, NME placed it at number 57 on its list 150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years. Eminem says that Lose Yourself was written on set, during breaks during the filming of 8 Mile, the sheet on which he wrote the song appears in 8 Mile in a scene where his character is writing while riding the bus. A Drum & Bass remix has been made and was released on the mixtape Straight from the Lab, the official demo version of this song, titled Lose Yourself with two different verses and a slightly different hook, was released on the album Shady XV November 24,2014. Lose Yourself is a track with an urgent narrative delivery. The songs lyrics explicitly sum up the background of Eminems character in 8 Mile, B-Rabbit, the songs production incorporates piano, violins and several other string instruments. The song is one of four new Eminem solo songs featured on the soundtrack, several critics cited this trio of songs as the best three from the soundtrack, as well as the most aggressive songs ever recorded by Eminem. Piano chords described as instantly recognizable open the song, throughout the song there is a tense, unrelenting guitar lick. The song is composed in the key of D minor, Lose Yourself received critical acclaim, with many critics praising the songs aggressive themes and describing it as Eminems best work to date. Eminems rapping ability, the lyrics and the production were praised as well. In many retrospective reviews and lists, critics have cited the song among Eminems finest, NME was extremely positive, Eminems urgent radio hit Lose Yourself, you already know. Its excellent, if obviously an offcut from The Eminem Show, all thundering rawk guitars, the song is basically as close to a ballad as Eminem will ever get
22.
Spotify
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Spotify is a music, podcast, and video streaming service, officially launched on 7 October 2008. It is developed by startup Spotify AB in Stockholm, Sweden and it provides digital rights management-protected content from record labels and media companies. Spotify is available in most of Europe, most of the Americas, Australia, New Zealand and it is available for most modern devices, including Windows, macOS, and Linux computers, as well as iOS and Android smartphones and tablets. Music can be browsed or searched for via various parameters, such as artist, album, genre, playlist, users can create, edit and share playlists, share tracks on social media, and make playlists with other users. Spotify provides access to over 30 million songs, as of June 2016, it has 100 million monthly active users, and as of March 2017, it has 50 million paying subscribers. They distribute approximately 70% of total revenue to rights holders, who then pay based on their individual agreements. Spotify operates under a freemium model, Spotify makes its revenues by selling premium streaming subscriptions to users and advertising placements to third parties. In December 2013, the company launched a new website, Spotify for Artists, Spotify gets its content from major record labels as well as independent artists, and pays copyright holders royalties for streamed music. The company pays 70% of its revenue to rights holders. Spotify for Artists states that the company does not have a fixed rate, instead considers factors such as the users home country. Rights holders received an average per-play payout between $.006 and $.0084, Spotify offers an unlimited subscription package, close to the Open Music Model —estimated economic equilibrium—for the recording industry. However, the incorporation of digital rights management protection diverges from the OMM and competitors such as iTunes Store, Spotify encourages people to pay for music, with subscriptions as its main revenue source. The subscription removes advertisements and limits, and increases song bitrates to 320 kbit/s, the website also claims that a Spotify customer is 1. 6x more financially valuable than the average adult non-Spotify U. S. music consumer. Additionally, the website includes a section entitled Spotifys impact on piracy as a response to the criticisms against the company regarding the exploitation of musicians. For example, in Norway, the figure of 1.2 billion unauthorized song downloads in 2008 is compared to a figure of 210 million from 2012, BBC Music Week editor Tim Ingham wrote, Unlike buying a CD or download, streaming is not a one-off payment. Hundreds of millions of streams of tracks are happening each and every day, which quickly multiplies the potential revenues on offer – and is a constant long-term source of income for artists. As of June 2016, the three Spotify subscription types, all offering unlimited listening time, are, In 2008, just after launch, in October 2010, Wired reported that Spotify was making more money for labels in Sweden than any other retailer online or off. Years after growth and expansion, a November 2012 report suggested strong momentum for the company
23.
Drag Me Down
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Drag Me Down is a song recorded by English-Irish boy band One Direction for their fifth studio album, Made in the A. M. The song was released worldwide on 31 July 2015 and marked the bands first single since Zayn Maliks departure in March 2015, Drag Me Down debuted atop the charts in the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Austria, Australia, and New Zealand. It became the groups first number one single in France and Australia, as well as their number one in New Zealand. It debuted at three on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and won the fan-voted Best Video Award at the 2016 Brit Awards. Drag Me Down is marked as One Directions first single since Zayn Maliks departure in March 2015. The announcement of the release, with no promotion or marketing, was done by Liam Payne on his Twitter handle. Drag Me Down is a pop rock track written by Julian Bunetta and John Ryan. According to Los Angeles Timess editor Mikael Wood, the production contains springy guitars that recall The Police or Rude by Magic, the song is written in C minor with a tempo of 138 beats per minute. Lewis Corner of Digital Spy gave the three out of five stars review and stated that Drag Me Down is one of their most pop-centric releases to date. Past member Zayn Malik took to social media and praised the single, describing it as sick, the video for Drag Me Down was directed by Ben and Gabe Turner and filmed at NASAs Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas and premiered on Vevo on 21 August 2015. The video includes the band being put through their paces as though they are preparing for a space mission. It won the fan-voted Best Video Award at the 2016 Brit Awards and as of April 2017, One Direction gave their first performance of the song on their On the Road Again Tour in Indianapolis on 31 July 2015. The song was performed live as part of a series of free summer concerts in New York City for Good Morning America on 4 August 2015. The band also performed the song on television programmes including The Ellen DeGeneres Show, The Jonathan Ross Show and Alan Carr. An instrumental version of the song is heard in the television series Greys Anatomy, Drag Me Down sold 349,000 digital copies in the United States and had 17.7 million streams worldwide in its first week of release. It broke the record on Spotify for most streamed track in one day, the song also debuted at number three on the Billboard Hot 100, the second-highest debut of the year, with 349,000 downloads sold in its first week
24.
BBC Music Awards
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The BBC Music Awards are the BBCs annual pop music awards, held every December, as a celebration of the musical achievements over the past twelve months. The event is coordinated by the BBCs music division, BBC Music, the inaugural BBC Music Awards was held on 11 December 2014, broadcast live simultaneously across BBC One, BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 2. It was held at Londons Earls Court and presented by BBC Radios Chris Evans and Fearne Cotton. Among the winners were Ed Sheeran for British Artist of the Year, and Pharrell Williams, who picked up the awards for Best International Artist of the Year, and Single of the Year for Happy. An average audience of 3.9 million watched the live on BBC One. The second BBC Music Awards took place on 10 December 2015, in 2015, the award for Best Live Performance was introduced, given to an artist who delivered a stand out live moment on the BBC. It was held in Birmingham at the Genting Arena, the third BBC Music Awards was announced on 28 October, stating it would take place on 12 December. It took place in London at ExCeL London, two new awards were introduced, the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge Performance of the Year award and the BBC Radio 2 Album of the Year award. The first winner of the former was The 1975, who performed What Makes You Beautiful and the winner of the latter award was Adele for her album 25
25.
Ben Maddahi
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Ben Maddahi is the current president of Unrestricted. Unrestricted is an A&R consulting company, proudcer & songwriter management company, via Unrestricted, Ben currently consults for Island Records and Songs Music Publishing. Maddahi was formerly president of Artist Publishing Group, and A&R at Atlantic Records as well as was on the management team for world-renowned DJ, Maddahi worked with APGs founder and CEO, Mike Caren, for 4 years before becoming partners with him in December 2010. Caren concurrently serves as President of Global A&R for Warner Music Group, after being with APG for 9 years, Maddahi left to start his own consulting, publishing and management company, Unrestricted. Maddahis A&R credits include such as, See You Again by Wiz Khalifa feat. Charlie Puth, Titanium by David Guetta feat, sia, Tonight by Enrique Iglesias feat. Ludacris, Wild Ones by Flo Rida feat, sia, Timber by Pitbull, One Last Time by Ariana Grande, Yeah 3X by Chris Brown, Wiggle by Jason Derulo feat. He is also responsible for helping put together songs for such as Kanye West, Black Eyed Peas, Justin Bieber, Maroon 5, Big Sean, Future. Ben has served as co-A&R for Flo Rida, and co-signed artists such as Charlie Puth, Spenzo, Ben currently manages notable producer/songwriters DJ Frank E, and SoFLY and Nius. Three projects that Maddahi worked on as an A&R were nominated for Grammy Awards - David Guettas Nothing But The Beat for Best Dance/Electronica Album and Flo Ridas Wild Ones feat. Sia for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration and Wiz Khalifas See You Again for Song of the Year, Best Pop Duo/Group Performance, in 2011, Maddahi was also listed in Billboard Magazines 30 Under 30, which highlights some of the most notable music industry executives under the age of 30. David Guetta - Nothing But The Beat album Flo Rida - Wild Ones album Enrique Iglesias - Tonight feat, ludacris Kanye West - Blame Game feat. John Legend Chris Brown - Yeah 3X Justin Bieber - Take You Black Eyed Peas - Someday Lonely Island feat, akon - I Just Had Sex Flo Rida - Whistle Pitbull - Timber feat. Ke$ha Jason Derulo - Wiggle feat, snoop Dogg Enrique Iglesias- There Goes My Baby Flo Rida - GDFR feat. Sage the Gemini David Guetta - Listen album David Guetta - Lovers on the Sun feat, sam Martin David Guetta - Dangerous feat. Sam Martin David Guetta - What I Did for Love feat, emile Sande One Direction - Change Your Ticket Pitbull - Fireball Pitbull - Celebrate Nicki Minaj - Bed of Lies feat. Skylar Grey Charlie Puth - See You Again feat, Charlie Puth Ariana Grande - One Last Time Starting in April 2013, Maddahi appeared as 1 of 3 judges on the VH1 DJ competition series Master of the Mix for 10 episodes
26.
Berklee College of Music
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Berklee College of Music, located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world. Since 2012, Berklee College of Music has also operated a campus in Valencia, in December 2015, Berklee College of Music and the Boston Conservatory agreed to a merger. The combined institution will be known as Berklee, with the conservatory becoming The Boston Conservatory at Berklee, Berklee College of Music is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. NEASC is the accreditation agency for schools and colleges located in the New England region of the United States. In 1945 pianist, composer, arranger and MIT graduate Lawrence Berk founded Schillinger House, located at 284 Newbury St. in Bostons Back Bay, the school specialized in the Schillinger System of harmony and composition developed by Joseph Schillinger. Instrumental lessons and a few classes in theory, harmony. At first, most students were working professional musicians, many students were former World War II service members who attended under the G. I. Initial enrollment was fewer than 50 students, but by 1949 there were more than 500 students, Lawrence Berk placed great emphasis on learning from practitioners, as opposed to academics, and generally hired working musicians as faculty members. Several of the schools best-known musician-educators arrived after the name change. In 1956, trumpeter Herb Pomeroy joined the faculty and remained until his retirement in 1996, drummer Alan Dawson and saxophonist Charlie Mariano became faculty members in 1957. Reed player John LaPorta began teaching in 1962, like many of Berks ideas, this practice continues into the present. Another trend in the schools history also began the mid-1950s, during this period, the school began to attract international students in greater numbers. For example, Japanese pianist Toshiko Akiyoshi arrived in 1956, multiple Grammy-winning producer Arif Mardin came from Turkey to study at the school in 1958. In 1957, Berklee initiated the first of many applications of technology to music education with Jazz in the Classroom. The series, which continued until 1980, was a precursor to subsequent Berklee-affiliated recording labels, Berklee awarded its first bachelor of music degrees in 1966. Members of the first graduating class to receive degrees included Alf Clausen, Stephen Gould, Gould taught film scoring at Berklee and is currently the Program Director for the Educational Leadership PhD program at Lesley University. During the 1960s, the Berklee curriculum began to reflect new developments in music, such the rise of rock and roll, soul and funk. In 1962, Berklee offered the first college-level instrumental major for guitar, the guitar department initially had nine students, and today it is the largest single instrumental major at the college
27.
Los Angeles Times
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The Los Angeles Times, commonly referred to as the Times or LA Times, is a paid daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008, the Times is owned by tronc. The Times was first published on December 4,1881, as the Los Angeles Daily Times under the direction of Nathan Cole Jr. and it was first printed at the Mirror printing plant, owned by Jesse Yarnell and T. J. Unable to pay the bill, Cole and Gardiner turned the paper over to the Mirror Company. Mathes had joined the firm, and it was at his insistence that the Times continued publication, in July 1882, Harrison Gray Otis moved from Santa Barbara to become the papers editor. Otis made the Times a financial success, in an era where newspapers were driven by party politics, the Times was directed at Republican readers. As was typical of newspapers of the time, the Times would sit on stories for several days, historian Kevin Starr wrote that Otis was a businessman capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment. Otiss editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles, the efforts of the Times to fight local unions led to the October 1,1910 bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged, the American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty. Upon Otiss death in 1917, his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, Harry Chandler was succeeded in 1944 by his son, Norman Chandler, who ran the paper during the rapid growth of post-war Los Angeles. Family members are buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery near Paramount Studios, the site also includes a memorial to the Times Building bombing victims. The fourth generation of family publishers, Otis Chandler, held that position from 1960 to 1980, Otis Chandler sought legitimacy and recognition for his familys paper, often forgotten in the power centers of the Northeastern United States due to its geographic and cultural distance. He sought to remake the paper in the model of the nations most respected newspapers, notably The New York Times, believing that the newsroom was the heartbeat of the business, Otis Chandler increased the size and pay of the reporting staff and expanded its national and international reporting. In 1962, the paper joined with the Washington Post to form the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service to syndicate articles from both papers for news organizations. During the 1960s, the paper won four Pulitzer Prizes, more than its previous nine decades combined, eventually the coupon-clipping branches realized that they could make more money investing in something other than newspapers. Under their pressure the companies went public, or split apart, thats the pattern followed over more than a century by the Los Angeles Times under the Chandler family. The papers early history and subsequent transformation was chronicled in an unauthorized history Thinking Big and it has also been the whole or partial subject of nearly thirty dissertations in communications or social science in the past four decades. In 2000, the Tribune Company acquired the Times, placing the paper in co-ownership with then-WB -affiliated KTLA, which Tribune acquired in 1985
28.
Universal Pictures
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Universal Pictures is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. The company was founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley and its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City. Universal Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America and is one of Hollywoods Big Six studios. Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, one story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the days takings. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons, for Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed. Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures, in June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. Laemmle broke with Edisons custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers, by naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as The Biograph Girl, the Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30,1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley. Eventually all would be out by Laemmle. Following the westward trend of the industry, by the end of 1912 the company was focusing its efforts in the Hollywood area. On March 15,1915, Laemmle opened the worlds largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, studio management became the third facet of Universals operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary organization. Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists, Universal became the largest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an audience mostly in towns, producing mostly inexpensive melodramas, westerns. In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers, Bluebird, more ambitious productions, and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, despite Laemmles role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew and he also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. Character actor Lon Chaney became a card for Universal in the 1920s
29.
Melody
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A melody, also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively and it may be considered the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody, melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches, pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, the true goal of music—its proper enterprise—is melody. All the parts of harmony have as their purpose only beautiful melody. Therefore, the question of which is the significant, melody or harmony, is futile. Beyond doubt, the means is subordinate to the end, given the many and varied elements and styles of melody many extant explanations confine us to specific stylistic models, and they are too exclusive. Paul Narveson claimed in 1984 that more than three-quarters of melodic topics had not been explored thoroughly, melodies in the 20th century utilized a greater variety of pitch resources than ha been the custom in any other historical period of Western music. While the diatonic scale was used, the chromatic scale became widely employed. Composers also allotted a structural role to the dimensions that previously had been almost exclusively reserved for pitch. Kliewer states, The essential elements of any melody are duration, pitch, and quality, texture, for example, Jazz musicians use the term lead or head to refer to the main melody, which is used as a starting point for improvisation. Rock music, melodic music, and other forms of popular music, indian classical music relies heavily on melody and rhythm, and not so much on harmony, as the music contains no chord changes. Balinese gamelan music often uses complicated variations and alterations of a melody played simultaneously. In western classical music, composers often introduce an initial melody, or theme, classical music often has several melodic layers, called polyphony, such as those in a fugue, a type of counterpoint. Often, melodies are constructed from motifs or short melodic fragments, richard Wagner popularized the concept of a leitmotif, a motif or melody associated with a certain idea, person or place. Appropriation Hocket Parsons code, a notation used to identify a piece of music through melodic motion—the motion of the pitch up. Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. p. 517–19, the Art of Melody, p. xix–xxx. A Textbook of Melody, A course in functional melodic analysis, a History Of Melody, Barrie and Rockliff, London
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Dominic Toretto
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Dominic Dom Toretto is a fictional character of The Fast and the Furious series. He is portrayed by Vin Diesel and was created by screenwriter Gary Scott Thompson, Dom is introduced in the first film of the series The Fast and the Furious. The role put Diesel on Hollywoods A-list, and won him the 2002 and 2014 MTV Movie Awards for Best On-Screen Team with Paul Walker. Diesels portrayal of the character has given much of the credit for the longevity of the film series. The Fast and the Furious film series was inspired by an article on street racing, Racer X, that appeared in the May 1998 issue of Vibe magazine. Having witnessed his fathers death in a car race, Dominic is left with the responsibility of watching his younger sister, Mia Toretto. Vin Diesel was reportedly paid $2.5 million to star as Dominic Toretto in The Fast, Dominic Toretto is an elite street racer, auto mechanic, and ex-convict. The character is the brother of Mia Toretto and love interest of Letty Ortiz. Throughout the series, Dominics crew has perpetrated many high-speed semi hijackings and he has spent most of his life running from the law. In The Fast and the Furious, Dominic runs his own automotive garage while Mia takes care of the grocery store in Echo Park. He also runs his own race team, which consists of Letty, Vince, Leon. Dominic has bad blood with Vietnamese-American rival Johnny Tran due to a deal that went sour. Unknown to the public, he and his team drive black Honda Civic coupes and stage daring semi hijackings on the freeways and he forms a friendship with rookie racer Brian Earl Spilner, who saves him from arrest when the LAPD raid a street race gathering. During the Race Wars, Johnny Tran blames Dominic for a raid by SWAT forces, the SWAT team came into his house, causing disrespect to his family. Dominic then attacks him and is led away by Vince who then tells him to chill out. During a hijacking job gone wrong, Dominic discovers Brians true identity as undercover LAPD officer named Brian OConner, Dominic ends up escaping and fleeing to Mexico. Brian then is wanted for aiding in the escape of a wanted felon, in Los Bandoleros, Dominic recruits Han, Rico Santos, and Tego Leo to help him complete a job that is seen in the beginning of Fast & Furious. In Fast & Furious, Dominic, Letty, and their lead a successful hijacking of a gasoline tanker in the Dominican Republic
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The Talk (talk show)
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The Talk is an American talk show on CBS that debuted on October 18,2010, as part of its CBS Daytime programming block. The show was created by actress Sara Gilbert, who serves as an executive producer. The show is based on the British daily womens panel show Loose Women and it also contains celebrity interviews and segments for mothers and parents in general. The Talk is broadcast before a studio audience at the CBS Studio Center in Studio City. Musical performances are occasionally featured. Each episode is concluded by one of the co-hosts, primarily the moderator, with the sign-off Remember, its always the right time to have The Talk. In December 2009, CBS announced the cancellation of As the World Turns after 54 years, Sara Gilbert approached CBS about producing a pilot that would feature six women talking about the days headlines with opinions told through the eyes of mothers. The original panel consisted of Sara Gilbert, Holly Robinson Peete, best known for her roles on the TV series 21 Jump Street, on January 14,2011, Marissa Jaret Winokur reported that she would not be returning to the show in 2011. In an exclusive statement to People, original executive producer Brad Bessey said of Winokurs departure, We think the world of Marissa as a talent, on-air personality. This is a decision based on time, not talent. When Americas Got Talent resumed filming on March 2,2011, Osbournes daughter Kelly Osbourne began filling in for her on a substitute basis, on August 26,2011, it was announced that original co-host Leah Remini had been released from the show. On September 2,2011, it was confirmed that Holly Robinson Peete had also released from the show. You cant pretend to be something youre not and you have to know your brand. You cant be all things to everyone, molly Shannon served as the co-host during the month of September 2011. Actress and comedian Aisha Tylers addition to the panel was announced on October 23,2011, season six premiered on September 14,2015 with a slightly new set design featuring 3 new large monitors with backdrops including palm trees and the Los Angeles skyline. On March 14,2016, all of The Talk hosts made a cameo on Supergirl in the episode Falling when Cat Grant made a guest appearance on The Talk, season seven premiered on September 12,2016 with the same set. The hosts kicked off premiere week by unveiling answers to the viewers biggest questions with a theme they called The 7 Wonders of The Talk, carnie Wilson and Leeza Gibbons are the primary substitute hosts, filling in for members on the panel. The show made two trips to New York City during its season, broadcasting live for one week on each trip
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B-flat major
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In music theory, B♭ major is a major scale based on B♭. The pitches B♭, C, D, E♭, F, G and its key signature has two flats. B♭ majors relative minor is G minor, and its parallel minor is B♭ minor, many transposing instruments are pitched in B-flat major, including the clarinet, trumpet, tenor saxophone, and soprano saxophone. As a result, B-flat major is a key for concert band compositions. In Nordic, Baltic, Western and Southern Slavic languages, Hungarian, German and most Central and Northern European languages, joseph Haydns Symphony No.98 is credited as the first symphony he wrote in that key in which he included trumpet and timpani parts. Actually, his brother Michael Haydn had written one such symphony earlier, many editions of the work, however, use no key signature and specify the instrument as Timpani in B-flat–F. Five of Mozarts piano concertos are in B-flat major
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