Self-Strengthening Movement
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The Self-Strengthening Movement, also known as the Westernization or Western Affairs Movement, was a period of reforms initiated during the late Qing dynasty following the military disasters of the Op
Gun transportation at Shanghai's Jiangnan Arsenal.
Feng Guifen, coiner of the phrase
Photo of a 27-year-old Prince Gong.
Front gate of the Zongli Yamen, the de facto foreign affairs ministry.
Wei Yuan
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Wei Yuan, born Wei Yuanda, courtesy names Moshen and Hanshi, art name Liangtu, was a Chinese scholar-official, historian, geographer, and a major reformist thinker of the late Qing Dynasty of China. B
The cover of Collection of essays on statecraft, compiled by Wei and He Changling
Title page of the Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms written using seal script
The Fuzhou Arsenal, built during the self-strengthening movement
Qishan