Self-Strengthening Movement
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The Self-Strengthening Movement, also known as the Westernization or Western Affairs Movement, was a period of reforms initiated during the late Qing dynasty following the military disasters of the Op
Gun transportation at Shanghai's Jiangnan Arsenal.
Feng Guifen, coiner of the phrase
Photo of a 27-year-old Prince Gong.
Front gate of the Zongli Yamen, the de facto foreign affairs ministry.
Taiping Rebellion
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The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War, Revolution, or Movement, was a civil war in late imperial China between the Qing dynasty and the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The conflic
Self-Strengthening Movement
…Affairs Movement (c. 1861–1895), was a period of reforms initiated during the late Qing dynasty following the military disasters of the Opium Wars and Taiping Rebellion. These defeats exposed weaknesses in Qing military and administrative systems, prompting efforts to strengthen the state. These reforms included efforts…
Top: The Battle of Anqing (1861), 1884 painting Bottom: A battle on the Yangtze between Qing and Taiping naval forces
Regaining the Provincial City Anqing 2
An alleged drawing of Hong Xiuquan, dating from around the early 1850s
Qing troops retaking Suzhou