Semiotics
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Semiotics is the study of signs. It is an interdisciplinary field that examines what signs are, how they form sign systems, and how individuals use them to communicate meaning. Its main branches are s
Icons represent through similarity, such as a portrait referring to Vincent van Gogh by resembling him.
Indexical signs represent through a direct physical link, such as a footprint of a dog referring to the dog.
Biosemiotics includes the study of animal communication, such as bird calls.
Hippocrates pioneered the study of medical signs.
Anthropology
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Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity that crosses biology and sociology, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, i
Bernardino de Sahagún is considered to be the founder of modern anthropology.
Forensic anthropologists can help identify skeletonized human remains, such as these found lying in scrub in Western Australia, c. 1900–1910.
A Punu tribe mask, Gabon, Central Africa
Five of the seven known fossil teeth of Homo luzonensis found in Callao Cave