A sermon is a religious discourse or oration by a preacher, usually a member of clergy. Sermons address a scriptural, theological, or moral topic, usually expounding on a type of belief, law, or behavior within both past and present contexts. Elements of the sermon often include exposition, exhortation, and practical application. The act of delivering a sermon is called preaching. In secular usage, the word sermon may refer, often disparagingly, to a lecture on morals.
A Roadside Sermon by John Pettie
The Sermon on the Mount by Carl Heinrich Bloch, 1877
Martin Luther Preaching to Faithful (1561)
A Reformed Christian minister preaching from a pulpit, 1968
Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective. More narrowly it is the study of the nature of the divine. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the supernatural, but also deals with religious epistemology, asks and seeks to answer the question of revelation. Revelation pertains to the acceptance of God, gods, or deities, as not only transcendent or above the natural world, but also willing and able to interact with the natural world and to reveal themselves to humankind.
Plato (left) and Aristotle in Raphael's 1509 fresco The School of Athens
Thomas Aquinas, an influential Roman Catholic theologian
Sculpture of the Jewish theologian Maimonides
Baron d'Holbach