1.
South Orange, New Jersey
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South Orange, officially the Township of South Orange Village, is a suburban township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Seton Hall University is located in the township, other sources attribute the derivation for all of The Oranges to King William III, Prince of Orange. Of the 565 municipalities in New Jersey, South Orange Village is one of four with a village type of government. South Orange Village dates back to May 4,1869, when it was formed within South Orange Township, on March 4,1904, the Village of South Orange was created by an act of the New Jersey Legislature and separated from South Orange Township. What is now South Orange was part of a territory purchased from the Lenape Native Americans in 1666 by Robert Treat, the unsettled areas north and west of Newark were at first referred to as the uplands. South Orange was called the Chestnut Hills for a time, there are two claimants to the first English settlement in present-day South Orange. In 1677 brothers Joseph and Thomas Brown began clearing land for a farm in the area northwest of the junction of two old trails that are now South Orange Avenue and Ridgewood Road, the phrasing shows that a stone house already existed near the property. Joseph Riggs had a house just south of the Browns house, at the northwest corner of South Orange Avenue and Ridgewood Road, the same road survey locates Edward Riggss residence near Millburn and Nathaniel Wheelers residence in modern West Orange at the corner of Valley Road and Main Street. By 1756 or earlier this property was owned by Samuel Pierson, a survey of adjoining property in 1767 mentions Piersons house forming accidentally the earliest documentation of a house on the property, which may be much older. Bethuel Pierson, son of Samuel, lived in this house, sometime during his ownership Bethuel Pierson had a stone addition added to his dwelling-house, which he caused to be dedicated by religious ceremonies. This would appear to be the portion of the Stone House. Stone House Brook runs west along the side of the east-west road, past the Stone House and joining the Rahway River at about the location of the Brown. The oldest parts of the Pierson house are the oldest surviving structure in South Orange. A deed of 1800 locates a property as being in the Township of Newark, in the Parish of Orange, at a place called South Orange, Orange had been named after the ruler of England, William of Orange. Most of modern South Orange became part of Orange Township in 1806, part of Clinton Township in 1834, gordons Gazetteer circa 1830 describes the settlement as having about 30 dwellings, a tavern and store, a paper mill and Presbyterian church. The hotel burned down in 1890, the only remnants today are the names of Mountain Station and the Mountain House Road leading west from it to the site of the hotel. South Orange could be reached by the Morris and Essex Railroad which opened in 1837 between Newark and Morristown, as of 1869, the M&E became part of the main line of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad which ran from Hoboken to Buffalo with through trains to Chicago. The Montrose neighborhood was developed after the Civil War and its large houses on generous lots attracted wealthy families from Newark and New York City during the decades from 1870 to 1900
2.
Seton Hall University
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Seton Hall University is a private Roman Catholic university in South Orange, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1856 by then-Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley and named after his aunt, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States. Seton Hall consists of 11 schools and colleges with an enrollment of about 5,800 students. It was ranked tied for 118th in Best National Universities by U. S. News & World Report in 2017, the Stillman School of Business was ranked 78th of 132 undergraduate business schools in the nation by Bloomberg Businessweek in 2014. Seton Hall University was also ranked one of the top five universities for undergraduate internships by the International Business Times in 2011. The Diocese of Newark had been established by Pope Pius IX in 1853, Seton Hall College was formally founded on September 1,1856, by Newark Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley, a cousin of President Theodore Roosevelt. Bishop Bayley named the institution after his aunt, Mother Elizabeth Ann Seton, the main campus of the college was originally in Madison, New Jersey. Initially, Seton Hall had only five students – Leo G. Thebaud, Louis and Alfred Boisaubin, Peter Meehan, by the end of the first year, the student body had grown more than tenfold to 60. The college moved to its current location in 1860, by the 1860s, Seton Hall College was continuing its rapid growth and began to enroll more and more students each year. However, among other difficulties, several fires on campus slowed down the growth process, the first of several strange fires in the Universitys history occurred in 1867 which destroyed the colleges first building. Two decades later on March 9,1886, another destroyed the universitys main building. In the 20th century, another fire burned down a classroom as well as several dormitory buildings in 1909. During the 19th century, despite setbacks, financially tight times and the American Civil War, Seton Hall opened a military science department during the summer of 1893, but this program was ultimately disbanded during the Spanish–American War. Perhaps one of the most pivotal events in the history of Seton Hall came in 1897 when Seton Halls preparatory, by 1937, Seton Hall established a University College. This marked the first matriculation of women at Seton Hall, Seton Hall became fully coeducational in 1968. In 1948, Seton Hall was given a license by the FCC for WSOU-FM, the College was organized into a university in 1950 following an unprecedented growth in enrollment. The Seton Hall College of Medicine and Dentistry was established in 1954 as the first medical school and it was located in Jersey City, adjacent to the Jersey City Medical Center, which was used for clinical education. Although the college, set up under the auspices of the Archdiocese of Newark, was a legal entity from the University
3.
Liberal arts colleges in the United States
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Liberal arts colleges in the United States are certain undergraduate institutions of higher education in the United States. These schools are American institutions of education which have traditionally emphasized interactive instruction at the undergraduate level. These colleges also encourage a high level of interaction at the center of which are classes taught by full-time faculty rather than graduate student TAs. In addition, some colleges offer experimental curricula, Liberal arts colleges are also often associated with larger bodies or consortia. The largest association of liberal arts colleges in the United States is the Council of Independent Colleges, with more than 630 small. The Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges is a consortium of liberal arts colleges. Many liberal arts colleges belong to the Annapolis Group, Oberlin Group, Womens College Coalition, a number of liberal arts colleges are involved in Project Pericles or the Eco League. Other well-known consortia in the Eastern United States include the Little Three, Colby-Bates Bowdoin Consortium, the Seven Sisters Colleges, similar consortia include the Claremont College Consortium in Southern California and the Associated Colleges of the Midwest in the Midwestern United States. Additional midwestern groups include the Five Colleges of Ohio, Associated Colleges of the Twin Cities, the Associated Colleges of the Midwest, groups in the Southern United States include the Associated Colleges of the South, and the Seven Sisters of the South. There are no passive ears, students and faculty work so closely together, teaching is an act of love. There is not only a relationship in class but professors become hiking companions, intramural teammates, dinner companions. Learning is collaborative rather than competitive, values are central, there is a sense of community. They are places of great synergy, where the whole becomes greater than the sum of the parts, aspirations are raised, young people are empowered. College and university rankings guides offer annual issues that rank liberal arts colleges separately from research universities, the Washington Monthly and U. S. News & World Report provide rankings specifically of liberal arts colleges. As a result, a majority of the approximately 80 presidents at the said that they did not intend to participate in the U. S. News reputational rankings in the future. Plus, the reputation of a school can help get that all-important first job, the peer survey is by nature subjective, but the technique of asking industry leaders to rate their competitors is a commonly accepted practice. The results from the survey also can act to level the playing field between private and public colleges. S. News has been supplying this exact college information for years already
4.
Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill
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The Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill were founded by Sister Aloysia Lowe. She was accompanied by Sisters Blanche OKeefe, Maria Theresa ODonnell, Maria Kavanaugh, in 1809, Elizabeth Ann Seton established a religious order of women in Emmitsburg, Maryland, based on the rule drawn up by Vincent de Paul for Louise de Marillacs Daughters of Charity. The community expanded as it received requests from bishops in New York, St. Louis, Missouri, Cincinnati, Ohio and elsewhere to send sisters to staff schools, orphanages, and hospitals. When the Emmitsburg community decided to affiliate with the French Daughters of Charity, in 1869, Bishop Michael Domenec of Pittsburgh appealed to the Cincinnati community of Sisters of Charity for sisters to serve the needs of the growing Catholic population in his diocese. Sister Aloysia Lowe, three other Sisters of Charity, and two novices, left Cincinnati and arrived in Altoona, Pennsylvania, on August 20,1870. Under the direction of Mother Aloysia Lowe and her assistant, Sister Anne Regina Ennis, in quick succession, schools were opened in Blairsville, Johnstown, and the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of East Liberty, Sharpsburg, Lawrenceville, and South Side. She named the site, which consisted primarily of farmland, Seton Hill, in honor of Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton, the founder of the Sisters of Charity, the property had fallen into neglect over the years but a few usable buildings remained, including the Stokes mansion. Named for previous owner William A. There, they established a school for boys and in 1883. Within the next year, Saint Joseph Academy was opened, after creating the Saint Joseph Academy for Girls, the Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill founded what came to be known as the Seton Hill Schools in 1885. In 1914, the Sisters opened the doors to Seton Hill Junior College, four years later, in 1918, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania approved Seton Hills charter for a four-year institution of higher learning and Seton Hill College was born. A charter of incorporation was granted to the Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill in 1885, Seton Hills physical campus includes the original 200 hilltop acres in addition to a downtown cultural district campus and a nearby Center for Orthodontics. In 1905 the Sisters established the Pittsburgh Hospital School of Nursing, in 1889, the Sisters at Saint Johns Convent in Johnstown, who lost their own home in the Johnstown Flood, stayed in the stricken city to provide healthcare to other flood victims. On July 16,1891, the Sisters of Charity took possession of a house at 3935 Forbes Street. Within a month, eighteen infants arrived and the sisters realized more space was required and they procured, with the assistance of Mr. Donnelly, the old Ursuline Academy building at the corner of Cliff and Manilla Streets in the Hill District. Named Roselia in memory of Mrs. Donnelly, the institution opened a maternity ward for shelter. A fully accredited school of nursing opened at Roselia in 1910 to educate women in maternal. A new four-story Roselia building, located at 1635 Bedford Avenue, was dedicated on September 9,1956, from 1891 to 1971 the Sisters of Charity and their partners at Roselia Foundling welcomed women in need. From Seton Hill, Sisters moved out into the region, then into Arizona, California, Maryland, Louisiana, Ohio and they established The Roselia Foundling Asylum and Maternity Hospital and Pittsburgh Hospital, and staffed Jeannette District Memorial Hospital and Providence Hospital of Beaver Falls
5.
Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
6.
Greensburg, Pennsylvania
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Greensburg is a city in and the county seat of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States, and a part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area. The city lies within the Laurel Highlands and the ecoregion of the Western Allegheny Plateau, the city is named after Nathanael Greene, a major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. The population was 14,892 at the 2010 census, located 30 miles southeast of Pittsburgh, Greensburg is a major business, academic, tourism and cultural center in Western Pennsylvania. It is evident as the population doubles during work hours. The city ranks seventh in Pennsylvania in daytime growth, behind Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Harrisburg, King of Prussia, Lancaster and it also ranks 16th in the United States for daytime growth among towns with a resident population between 15,000 and 24,999. In 2007, Greensburg was ranked as one of the Best Places to Retire in Pennsylvania by U. S. News & World Report. After the end of the Revolutionary War, an inn was built along a trail that stretched from Philadelphia west over the Appalachian Mountains to Fort Pitt. A tiny settlement known as Newtown grew around the inn, today the center of Greensburgs Business District at the intersection of Pittsburgh, at Pittsburgh, the wagon trail became Penn Avenue. Newtown became the new county seat in 1785, in 1786, the county built a log courthouse on land purchased from two residents, Christopher Truby and William Jack. The Westmoreland County Courthouse, in its various incarnations, has stood on this site, the area surrounding the courthouse became the original borough of Greensburg, named for American Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene, and formally incorporated as a borough in 1799. In the early 19th century, Greensburg had very little growth, after 1850, Greensburg became a growing county seat with inns and small businesses. It was a stop and the discovery of large areas of soft coal nearby made it the center of a vigorous mining industry in the late 19th century. Seton Hill College, formerly St. Josephs Academy, became a womens institution in 1918. Greensburg became a Third-Class City on January 2,1928, after World War II, more residential areas were developed in various sections of town. Changes in local shopping habits had already taken its toll by the late 1970s when Troutmans Department Store closed, also, in July 2009, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, the largest medical school in the country, opened a satellite campus at Seton Hill University. Now over 200 students study at LECOM at Seton Hill every year, as part of this ongoing transition, an expansion of the Westmoreland Museum of American Art was completed in 2015. The city is home of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Greensburg, Greensburgs first log school house was located at the site of St. Clair Park. St. Clair Park was originally a cemetery, when the borough banned cemeteries, St. Clair cemetery was moved to its current location, just east of town
7.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
8.
Suburban
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A suburb is a residential area or a mixed use area, either existing as part of a city or urban area or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city. In some areas, such as Australia, China, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and a few U. S. states, new suburbs are routinely annexed by adjacent cities. In others, such as Arabia, Canada, France, and much of the United States, Suburbs first emerged on a large scale in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of improved rail and road transport, which led to an increase in commuting. Suburbs tend to proliferate around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land, the English word is derived from the Old French subburbe, which is in turn derived from the Latin suburbium, formed from sub and urbs. The first recorded usage of the term in English, was made by John Wycliffe in 1380, in Australia and New Zealand, suburbs have become formalised as geographic subdivisions of a city and are used by postal services in addressing. In rural areas in both countries, their equivalents are called localities, the terms inner suburb and outer suburb are used to differentiate between the higher-density suburbs in proximity to the city center, and the lower-density suburbs on the outskirts of the urban area. The term middle suburbs is also used, Suburbs, in this sense, can range from areas that seem more like residential areas of a city proper to areas separated by open countryside from the city centre. In large cities such as London, suburbs include formerly separate towns and villages that have been gradually absorbed during a growth and expansion. In the United States and Canada, suburb can refer either to an residential area of a city or town or to a separate municipality or unincorporated area outside a town or city. The earliest appearance of suburbs coincided with the spread of the first urban settlements, large walled towns tended to be the focus around which smaller villages grew up in a symbiotic relationship with the market town. The word suburbani was first used by the Roman statesman Cicero in reference to the large villas, as populations grew during the Early Modern Period in Europe, urban towns swelled with a steady influx of people from the countryside. In some places, nearby settlements were swallowed up as the city expanded. The peripheral areas on the outskirts of the city were generally inhabited by the very poorest, by the mid-19th century, the first major suburban areas were springing up around London as the city became more overcrowded and unsanitary. A major catalyst in suburban growth came from the opening of the Metropolitan Railway in the 1860s, the line joined the capitals financial heart in the City to what were to become the suburbs of Middlesex. Harrow was reached in 1880, and the line extended as far as Verney Junction in Buckinghamshire, more than 50 miles from Baker Street. Unlike other railway companies, which were required to dispose of surplus land, in 1912, it was suggested that a specially formed company should take over from the Surplus Lands Committee and develop suburban estates near the railway. However, World War I delayed these plans and it was only in 1919, with expectation of a housing boom. The term Metro-land was coined by the Mets marketing department in 1915 when the Guide to the Extension Line became the Metro-land guide and this promoted the land served by the Met for the walker, visitor and later the house-hunter
9.
NCAA Division II
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Division II is an intermediate-level division of competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. It offers an alternative to both the larger and better-funded Division I and to the scholarship-free environment offered in Division III, before 1973, the NCAAs smaller schools were grouped together in the College Division. In 1973, the College Division split in two when the NCAA began using numeric designations for its competitions, nationally, ESPN televises the championship game in football, CBS televises the mens basketball championship, and ESPN2 televises the womens basketball championship. CBS Sports Network broadcasts six football games on Thursdays during the regular season, the official slogan of NCAA Division II, implemented in 2015, is Make It Yours. There are currently 300 full and 20 provisional members of Division II with seven institutions moving to full membership in September 2015, Division II schools tend to be smaller public universities and many private institutions. A large minority of Division II institutions have fewer than 2,499 students, only six institutions have more than 15,000 students. Division II has a membership, with two active member institutions in Alaska and four in Hawaii. Additionally, it is the division that has member institutions in Puerto Rico. Simon Fraser University became the first institution outside the US to enter the NCAA membership process and this occurred after the Division II Membership Committee accepted the institutions application during a July 7–9 meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana. Simon Fraser, located in the Vancouver suburb of Burnaby, British Columbia, prospective members also must complete at least one year of provisional status before being accepted as full-time Division II members. In the fall of 2012, the NCAA Presidents Council officially approved Simon Fraser University as the organizations first international member. Division II institutions have to sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women, for sports other than football and basketball there are no scheduling requirements. There are not attendance requirements for football, nor arena size requirements for basketball, there are maximum financial aid awards for each sport, as well as a separate limit on financial aid awards in mens sports, that a Division II school must not exceed. Division II teams usually feature a number of local or in-state student-athletes, many Division II student-athletes pay for school through a combination of scholarship money, grants, student loans and employment earnings. Division II athletics programs are financed in the institutions budget like other departments on campus. Traditional rivalries with regional institutions dominate schedules of many Division II athletics programs, Athletic scholarships are offered in most sponsored sports at most institutions, but with more stringent limits as to the numbers offered in any one sport than at the Division I level. For example, Division II schools may give financial aid in football equivalent to 36 full scholarships, two exceptions to this rule currently exist. First, football players transferring from a Division I FBS school to a Division I FCS school do not have to sit out a year
10.
Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference
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The Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II level. The conference is composed of 18 full-time members within Pennsylvania. The conference headquarters are located in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania and staffed by a commissioner, the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education organized the conference in 1951 to promote competition in mens sports amongst the systems 14 universities. In 1977, following growing interest, the conference was expanded to offer competition in womens sports, from its inception, each conference member selected its own competitive division within the NCAA. In 1980, however, the presidents voted to reclassify the entire conference to Division II within the NCAA. Membership remained unchanged until the conference announced on June 18,2007, post of Brookville, New York — to join the conference. Gannon and Mercyhurst left the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference to join the PSAC, post became an associate member for football and field hockey. In 2010, Seton Hill University was accepted to join the conference as a member for field hockey. With the additional transition of West Chesters program from Division I to Division II and this announcement was fallout from a split in the WVIAC that ultimately led to the formation of the Mountain East Conference. Although Seton Hill was one of the schools that initially broke away from the WVIAC, the arrival of these two schools brought the PSAC to 18 full members, making it the largest NCAA all-sports conference in terms of membership. The PSAC played a little-known but nonetheless significant role in the history of NCAA Division I conference realignment, in 1986, the conference was seeking a way out of a football scheduling conundrum. The PSAC had 14 members at the time, and had split into divisions for decades. One of the methods it used to determine a football champion involved a championship game between the winners of its two divisions. However, due to NCAA limits on regular-season games, every PSAC team had to leave a spot open. The initial draft required that a qualifying league have 14 members and play a schedule within each division. Since the CIAA then had 12 members, Yoder changed the legislation to require 12 members instead of 14, although at the time all NCAA legislation had to be approved by the entire membership, regardless of divisional alignment, the proposal passed with little notice. It was generally seen as a non-issue by Division I-A schools since no conference in that then had more than 10 members. The new NCAA rule would not see its first use until the Southeastern Conference took advantage of it by expanding to 12 members in 1991, in 2014, Sports Illustrated writer Andy Staples said that the rule helped dictate the terms of conference realignment for more than 20 years
11.
Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities
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The Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities or ACCU is a voluntary association of delegates from Catholic institutions of higher learning. It was founded in 1899 by fifty-three delegates from Catholic colleges across the United States, currently the association includes more than 90% of accredited Catholic institutions of higher learning in the United States as well as over twenty international universities. The president or rector of each participating institution serves as voting representative to the ACCU, there is also collaboration with the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, the National Catholic Educational Association and various other agencies
12.
Griffin
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The griffin, griffon, or gryphon is a legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion, the head and wings of an eagle, and an eagles talons as its front feet. Because the lion was considered the king of the beasts and the eagle the king of birds. The griffin was thought of as king of all creatures. Griffins are known for guarding treasure and priceless possessions, in Greek and Roman texts, griffins and Arimaspeans were associated with gold. Indeed, in later accounts, griffins were said to lay eggs in burrows on the grounds, in antiquity it was a symbol of divine power and a guardian of the divine. The derivation of this remains uncertain. It could be related to the Greek word γρυπός, meaning curved, also, this could have been an Anatolian loan word, compare Akkadian karūbu, and similar to Cherub. A related Hebrew word is כרוב, Most statuary representations of griffins depict them with bird-like talons, although in some older illustrations griffins have a lions forelimbs, they generally have a lions hindquarters. Its eagles head is given prominent ears, these are sometimes described as the lions ears, but are often elongated. Infrequently, a griffin is portrayed without wings, or a wingless eagle-headed lion is identified as a griffin, in 15th-century and later heraldry, such a beast may be called an alce or a keythong. In heraldry, a griffin always has forelegs like an eagles hind-legs, there is evidence of representations of griffins in Ancient Iranian and Ancient Egyptian art dating back to before 3000 BC. In Egypt, a griffin can be seen in a cosmetic palette from Hierakonpolis, known as the Two Dog Palette, which is dated to ca. In Iran, griffins appeared on seals from Susa as early as 3000 BC. Griffin depictions appear in the Levant, Syria. Early depictions of griffins in Ancient Greek art are found in the 15th century BC frescoes in the Throne Room of the Bronze Age Palace of Knossos and it continued being a favored decorative theme in Archaic and Classical Greek art. In Central Asia, the griffin appears about a years after Bronze Age Crete, in the 5th–4th centuries BC. The Achaemenids considered the griffin a protector from evil, witchcraft, the modern generalist calls it the lion-griffin, as for example, Robin Lane Fox, in Alexander the Great,1973,31 and notes p. The Pisa Griffin is a bronze sculpture that has been in Pisa in Italy since the Middle Ages. It is the largest bronze medieval Islamic sculpture known, at three feet tall, and was probably created in the 11th century in Al-Andaluz
13.
Liberal arts education
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Grammar, logic, and rhetoric were the core liberal arts, while arithmetic, geometry, the theory of music, and astronomy also played a part in education. In modern times, liberal arts education term that can be interpreted in different ways and it can refer to academic subjects such as literature, philosophy, mathematics, and social and physical sciences, or it can also refer to overall studies in a liberal arts degree program. For example, Harvard University offers a Bachelor of Arts degree, for both interpretations, the term generally refers to matters not relating to the professional, vocational, or technical curriculum. The four scientific artes – music, arithmetic, geometry and astronomy – were known from the time of Boethius onwards as the Quadrivium. After the 9th century, the three arts of the humanities – grammar, logic, and rhetoric – were classed as well as the Trivium. It was in that form that the seven liberal arts were studied in the medieval Western university. During the Middle Ages, logic gradually came to take predominance over the parts of the Trivium. In the Renaissance, the Italian humanists and their Northern counterparts, despite in many respects continuing the traditions of the Middle Ages, the ideal of a liberal arts, or humanistic education grounded in classical languages and literature, persisted until the middle of the twentieth century. Some subsections of the arts are in the trivium—the verbal arts, grammar, logic, and rhetoric, and in the quadrivium—the numerical arts, arithmetic, geometry, music. Analyzing and interpreting information is also included, the liberal arts education at the secondary school level prepares the student for higher education at a university. They are thus meant for the more academically minded students, in addition to the usual curriculum, students of a liberal arts education often study Latin and Ancient Greek. Some liberal arts education provide general education, others have a specific focus, today, a number of other areas of specialization exist, such as gymnasiums specializing in economics, technology or domestic sciences. In some countries, there is a notion of progymnasium, which is equivalent to beginning classes of the full gymnasium, here, the prefix pro is equivalent to pre. In the United States, liberal arts colleges are schools emphasizing undergraduate study in the liberal arts, in most parts of Europe, liberal arts education is deeply rooted. In Germany, Austria and countries influenced by their education system, the term is not to be mixed up with some modern educational concepts that use a similar wording. Educational institutions that see themselves in that tradition are often a Gymnasium and they aim at providing their pupils with comprehensive education in order to form personality with regard to a pupils own humanity as well as his/her innate intellectual skills. Going back to the tradition of the liberal arts in Europe, education in the above sense was freed from scholastic thinking. In particular, Wilhelm von Humboldt played a key role in that regard, universities encourage students to do so and offer respective opportunities, but do not make such activities part of the universitys curriculum
14.
University
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A university is an institution of higher education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines. Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education, the word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which roughly means community of teachers and scholars. Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages, the original Latin word universitas refers in general to a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc. Like other guilds, they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members, an important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university, the University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education. Today this is claimed as the origin of academic freedom and this is now widely recognised internationally - on 18 September 1988,430 university rectors signed the Magna Charta Universitatum, marking the 900th anniversary of Bolognas foundation. The number of universities signing the Magna Charta Universitatum continues to grow, the university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and it is possible, however, that the development of cathedral schools into universities was quite rare, with the University of Paris being an exception. Later they were founded by Kings or municipal administrations. In the early period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools. Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries, the first universities in Europe with a form of corporate/guild structure were the University of Bologna, the University of Paris, and the University of Oxford. The students had all the power … and dominated the masters, princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends. The emergence of humanism was essential to understanding of the possible utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge gained from ancient Greek texts. The rediscovery of Aristotles works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated–fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history. Richard Dales, for instance, calls the discovery of Aristotles works a turning point in the history of Western thought and this became the primary mission of lecturers, and the expectation of students. The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations. Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics, while Hippocrates, Galen, outside of these commonalities, great differences separated north and south, primarily in subject matter
15.
Pittsburgh
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Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. The city proper has a population of 304,391. The metropolitan population of 2,353,045 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania, and the 26th-largest in the U. S. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclines, a fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum, glass, shipbuilding, petroleum, foods, sports, transportation, computing, autos, and electronics. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment, Americas 1980s deindustrialization laid off area blue-collar workers and thousands of downtown white-collar workers when the longtime Pittsburgh-based world headquarters moved out. The area has served also as the federal agency headquarters for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research. The area is home to 68 colleges and universities, including research and development leaders Carnegie Mellon University, the region is a hub for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, sustainable energy, and energy extraction. Pittsburgh was named in 1758 by General John Forbes, in honor of British statesman William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham. The current pronunciation, which is unusual in English speaking countries, is almost certainly a result of a printing error in some copies of the City Charter of March 18,1816. The error was repeated commonly enough throughout the rest of the 19th century that the pronunciation was lost. After a public campaign the original spelling was restored by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1911. The area of the Ohio headwaters was long inhabited by the Shawnee, the first known European to enter the region was the French explorer/trader Robert de La Salle from Quebec during his 1669 expedition down the Ohio River. European pioneers, primarily Dutch, followed in the early 18th century, Michael Bezallion was the first to describe the forks of the Ohio in a 1717 manuscript, and later that year European fur traders established area posts and settlements. In 1749, French soldiers from Quebec launched an expedition to the forks to unite Canada with French Louisiana via the rivers, during 1753–54, the British hastily built Fort Prince George before a larger French force drove them off. The French built Fort Duquesne based on LaSalles 1669 claims, the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years War, began with the future Pittsburgh as its center. British General Edward Braddock was dispatched with Major George Washington as his aide to take Fort Duquesne, the British and colonial force were defeated at Braddocks Field. General John Forbes finally took the forks in 1758, Forbes began construction on Fort Pitt, named after William Pitt the Elder while the settlement was named Pittsborough
16.
IPad
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IPad is a line of tablet computers designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc. which run the iOS mobile operating system. The first iPad was released on April 3,2010, the most recent iPad models are the 9. 7-inch iPad Pro released on March 31,2016, the user interface is built around the devices multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard. The iPad includes built-in Wi-Fi and cellular connectivity on select models, as of January 2015, there have been over 250 million iPads sold. IPad tablets are second most popular, by sales, against Android-based ones, since 2013, an iPad can shoot video, take photos, play music, and perform Internet functions such as web-browsing and emailing. Other functions – games, reference, GPS navigation, social networking, as of March 2016, the App Store has more than one million apps for the iPad by Apple and third parties. There have been six versions of the iPad, the first generation established design precedents, such as the 9. 7-inch screen size and button placement, that have persisted through all models. The third generation added a Retina Display, the new Apple A5X processor with a graphics processor, a 5-megapixel camera, HD 1080p video recording, voice dictation. The fourth generation added the Apple A6X processor and replaces the 30-pin connector with an all-digital Lightning connector, the iPad Air added the Apple A7 processor and the Apple M7 motion coprocessor, and reduced the thickness for the first time since the iPad 2. The iPad Air 2 added the Apple A8X processor, the Apple M8 motion coprocessor, an 8-megapixel camera, and the Touch ID fingerprint sensor, there have been four versions of the iPad Mini. The first generation features a screen size of 7.9 inches and features similar internal specifications as the iPad 2 except it uses the Lightning connector. The iPad Mini 2 features the Retina Display, the Apple A7 processor, the iPad Mini 3 features the Touch ID fingerprint sensor. The iPad Mini 4 features the Apple A8 and the Apple M8 motion coprocessor, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs said in a 1983 speech that the companys strategy is really simple. What we want to do is we want to put a great computer in a book that you can carry around with you. And we really want to do it with a link in it so you don’t have to hook up to anything and you’re in communication with all of these larger databases. Apples first tablet computer was the Newton MessagePad 100, introduced in 1993, powered by an ARM6 processor core developed by ARM, Apple also developed a prototype PowerBook Duo based tablet, the PenLite, but decided not to sell it in order to avoid hurting MessagePad sales. Apple released several more Newton-based PDAs, the one, the MessagePad 2100, was discontinued in 1998. Apple re-entered the mobile-computing markets in 2007 with the iPhone, smaller than the iPad, but featuring a camera and mobile phone, it pioneered the multi-touch finger-sensitive touchscreen interface of Apples iOS mobile operating system. By late 2009, the release had been rumored for several years
17.
Elizabeth Ann Seton
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Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton, S. C. was the first native-born citizen of the United States to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. She established the first Catholic girls school in the nation in Emmitsburg, Maryland, where she founded the first American congregation of religious sisters. Elizabeth Ann Bayley was born on August 28,1774, the child of a socially prominent couple, Dr. Richard Bayley. The Bayley and Charlton families were among the earliest European settlers in the New York area and her fathers parents were French Huguenots and lived in New Rochelle, New York. Dr. Bayley later served as the first professor of anatomy at Columbia College and her mother, Catherine, died in 1777 when Elizabeth was three years old. This may have resulted from complications after the birth of the final child, also Catherine. Elizabeths father then married Charlotte Amelia Barclay, a member of the Jacobus James Roosevelt family, the couple had five children, but the marriage ended in separation. During the breakup, their stepmother rejected Elizabeth and her older sister and their father then traveled to London for further medical studies, so the sisters lived temporarily in New Rochelle with their paternal uncle, William Bayley, and his wife, Sarah Pell Bayley. Elizabeth experienced a period of darkness during this time, feeling the separation as loss of a second mother, in these journals, Elizabeth also showed her love for nature, poetry, and music, especially the piano. Entries frequently expressed her religious aspirations, as well as passages from her reading, showing her introspection. Seton was also fluent in French, a musician. On January 25,1794, at age 19, Elizabeth married William Magee Seton, aged 25, samuel Provoost, the first Episcopal bishop of New York, presided at their wedding. A loyalist, the senior William Seton was the last royal public notary for the city and he brought his sons William and James into the import-export mercantile firm, the William Seton Company, which became Seton, Maitland and Company in 1793. The younger William had visited important counting houses in Europe in 1788, was a friend of Filippo Filicchi, shortly after they married, Elizabeth and William moved into a fashionable residence on Wall Street. Socially prominent in New York society, the Setons belonged to Trinity Episcopal Church, near Broadway, a devout communicant, Elizabeth took the Rev. John Henry Hobart as her spiritual director. Along with her sister-in-law Rebecca Mary Seton, Elizabeth continued her former stepmothers social ministry—nursing the sick and dying among family, friends, and needy neighbors. Influenced by her father she became a member of The Society for the Relief of Poor Widows with Small Children. When the elder William Seton died, the Seton family fortunes began to decline in the economic climate preceding the War of 1812
18.
College of Saint Elizabeth
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The College of Saint Elizabeth is a private Roman Catholic, coeducational, four-year, liberal arts college in Morristown, Morris County, New Jersey, United States. The college has 19 undergraduate majors,10 master’s degree programs, the college offers six combined degree programs, five dual degree programs, and five professional preparation programs. The average undergraduate class teacher-to-student ratio is 1,13, the college was founded in 1899 by the Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth and is one of the first Catholic colleges in the United States to award degrees to women. In 2015, the board of trustees voted to admit men into the traditional day program to continue to fulfill the mission of offering a liberal arts education to those who are marginalized. It is named for Elizabeth Ann Seton, who founded the Sisters of Charity, the College of Saint Elizabeth is a stop on New Jersey Transit which provides rail transportation both east and west of Convent Station. The trains are the direct line of the Morris/Essex lines. The Shakespeare Garden, completed in 1931, and a greenhouse, the College of Saint Elizabeth teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Associations Division III. The Eagles are a member of the North Eastern Athletic Conference, womens sports include basketball, lacrosse, soccer, softball, tennis and volleyball. Mens sports include basketball, soccer, tennis and volleyball, blessed Miriam Teresa Demjanovich,1923, Sister of Charity of Saint Elizabeth and author of Greater Perfection, beatified 2014. Sister Carmela Marie Cristiano, Sister of Charity of Saint Elizabeth who served the community as a teacher, social worker and she was the first religious sister to run for office in New Jersey. Louise Currie Wilmot,1964, United States Navy officer, highest-ranking and highest-decorated woman in the Navy. Shirley Tolentino,1965, Municipal Court judge in Jersey City from 1976 to 1984, became Superior Court judge in 1984. Received an honorary degree from CSE in 1980, in 1981, she received the Whitney Young Award from the Hudson County Urban League. In 1996 she became President of the National Association of Women Judges, in 2015, the United State Postal Service named a post office in Jersey City, N. J. in her honor. Academy of Saint Elizabeth College of Saint Elizabeth official website College of Saint Elizabeth official athletics website CSE Undergraduate CSE Continuing Studies CSE Graduate Studies
19.
College football
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It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities
20.
West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
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It participated in the NCAAs Division II, but held its final athletic competitions in spring 2013, and officially disbanded on September 1 of that year. The conference was rated as one of the oldest in intercollegiate athletics, in its final school year of 2012–13, the WVIAC offered championships in 16 sports and was headquartered in Princeton, West Virginia. Mens championships were offered in football, basketball, baseball, track, cross country, soccer, tennis, womens titles were contested in volleyball, softball, basketball, cross country, soccer, track, tennis, and golf. The WVIAC moved into the NCAA Division II in 1994 after its affiliation with the NAIA. On June 18,2012, nine football-playing members of the WVIAC announced they would withdraw from the league to form a new regional all-sports conference, the WVIAC officially ceased to exist on September 1,2013. Seton Hill and Pitt-Johnstown joined the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference, three of the remaining non-football members accepted invitations to join the Great Midwest Athletic Conference. By the end of August 2012, the only WVIAC member without a home for 2013–14 was Bluefield State. Notes - Mountain States main campus became the University of Charleston–Beckley on January 1,2013, - Marshall stopped competition in the conference when it joined the Buckeye Conference in 1932-39, but was required by state regulations to remain a member on a technical basis until 1949. Notes - All colleges are listed by their names as of 2013, see articles on individual schools for details. - West Virginia Wesleyan left the WVIAC after the 1985-86 season, * - Denotes a non-football member
21.
National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics
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The NAIA began accepting members from Canada in 1972, which made it the only international intercollegiate athletic association in North America until 2009. Today there are three Canadian members, as of July 1,2016, the NAIA reports having 246 member institutions. The NAIA, whose headquarters is in Kansas City, Missouri, the CBS Sports Network, formerly called CSTV, serves as the national media outlet for the NAIA. In 2014, ESPNU began carrying the NAIA National Football Championship, the goal of the tournament was to establish a forum for small colleges and universities to determine a national basketball champion. The original eight-team tournament expanded to 32 teams in 1938, on March 10,1940, the National Association for Intercollegiate Basketball was formed in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1952, the NAIB was transformed into the NAIA, and with that came the sponsorship of sports such as mens golf, tennis and outdoor track. Football in the NAIA was split into two divisions in 1970, based on enrollment, it was consolidated back into a division in 1997. In 1948, the NAIB became the first national organization to open their intercollegiate postseason to black student-athletes and that same year, Indiana State coach John Wooden, later to become a coaching legend at UCLA, brought the first African-American student athlete to play at the national tournament. In 1957, Tennessee A&I became the first historically black institution to win a basketball national championship. The National Junior College Athletic Association had established a division in the spring of 1975. In 1997, Liz Heaston became the first female athlete to play. Launched in 2000 by the NAIA, the Champions of Character program promotes character, membership- The NAIA was the first association to admit colleges and universities from outside the United States. The NAIA began admitting Canadian members in 1999, football- The NAIA was the first association to send a football team to Europe to play. In the summer of 1976, the NAIA sent Henderson State and Texas A&I to play 5 exhibition games in West Berlin, Vienna, Nuremberg, Mannheim, the NAIA sponsors 14 sports in which it conducts 25 annual championships. The NAIA recognizes three levels of competitions, emerging, invitational, and championship, the association conducts, or has conducted in the past, championship tournaments in the following sports. The tournament was the brainchild of Dr. James Naismith, creator of the game of basketball, Emil Liston, athletic director at Baker University, the event began in 1937 with the inaugural tournament at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, MO. The 2012 mens championship marked the 75th edition of what has been tabbed College Basketball’s Toughest Tournament, Basketball is currently the only NAIA sport in which the organizations member institutions are aligned into divisions. The NAIA has 21 member conferences, including 9 that sponsor football, Athletic Trainer of the Year Presented to the NAIA-ATA member Athletic Trainer who has provided substantial service to student-athletes, the association or the member institution
22.
MacBook
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The MacBook is a brand of notebook computers manufactured by Apple Inc. from May 2006 to February 2012, and relaunched in 2015. It replaced the series and 12-inch PowerBook series of notebooks as a part of the Apple-Intel transition from PowerPC. Positioned as the low end of the MacBook family, below the premium ultra-portable MacBook Air and the powerful MacBook Pro and it was the best-selling Macintosh ever. For five months in 2008, it was the best-selling laptop of any brand in US retail stores, collectively, the MacBook brand is the worlds top-selling line of premium laptops. There have been four separate designs of the MacBook, the original model used a combination of polycarbonate and fiberglass casing which was modeled after the iBook G4. The second type was introduced in October 2008 alongside the 15-inch MacBook Pro, the MacBook shared the more expensive laptops unibody aluminum casing, a third design, introduced in late 2009, had a polycarbonate unibody casing. On July 20,2011, the MacBook was discontinued for consumer purchase as it had been superseded by the MacBook Air whose starting price was lowered. Apple continued to sell the MacBook to educational institutions until February 2012, a new, redesigned MacBook line was launched on March 9,2015. Available in silver, gold or space grey, it is thinner than the MacBook Air and it also features a Retina display. On April 19,2016, Apple updated the 12-inch Retina MacBook with new sixth-generation Intel Core M processors, longer battery life and a rose gold option. Later revisions of the MacBook moved to the Core 2 Duo processor, sales of the black polycarbonate MacBook ceased in October 2008, after the introduction of the aluminum MacBook. While thicker than its predecessor – the iBook G4 – the MacBook is wider than the 12-inch model due to its widescreen display. In addition, the MacBook was one of the first to adopt Apples MagSafe power connector, a more expensive black model was offered until the introduction of the unibody aluminum MacBook. The polycarbonate MacBook was the only Macintosh notebook to be offered in more than one color since the iBook G3. For the unibody polycarbonate MacBook, the ports from left to right are the MagSafe power connector, Gigabit Ethernet, Mini DisplayPort,2 USB2.0 ports, audio out and Kensington Security Slot. On the front, there is a light and an infrared receiver, while on the right edge. The polycarbonate Intel MacBook is easier for users to fix or upgrade than its predecessor, where the iBook required substantial disassembly to access internal components such as the hard drive, users only need to remove the battery and the RAM door to replace the MacBook drive. Apple provides do-it-yourself manuals for these tasks, in February 2007, the MacBook was recalled because the graphics card and hard drive caused the computer to overheat, forcing the unit to shut down
23.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
24.
University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown
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The university is located in Richland Township, a suburban area of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and was founded in 1927 as one of the first regional campuses of a major university in the United States. UPJ is also listed among the Best Colleges in the Northeastern Region by The Princeton Review, by 1926, a more permanent relationship was sought by the school board, and UPJ was officially founded as a two-year college of the University of Pittsburgh on September 24,1927. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s it held classes in the Johnstown High School building in the Kernville neighborhood which adjoins downtown Johnstown, after World War II, the Johnstown College moved to the Moxham section of the city where the number of courses and students increased. In the early 1960s, community leaders worked with the University of Pittsburgh to build a new campus in suburban Richland Township, the new campus opened in 1967 with two classroom buildings, five dormitories, and a student union. Degree-granting status was awarded to UPJ by the University of Pittsburgh in 1970, UPJ now offers over 40 baccalaureate and associate degree programs. The college offers 48 undergraduate majors, with minors available in most of the fields, as well as in other areas of arts. The average class size is 25–30, and the student to teacher ratio is 18,1, the college is strictly undergraduate, and all courses are taught by college faculty. The 149 faculty members have outstanding credentials and remain active professionally, UPJ operates on a modified trimester calendar. The standard school year includes a 15-week fall term and a 15-week spring term, optional summer term offerings from 5-week to 15-week sessions allow students to accelerate their degrees. The University of Pittsburgh, including UPJ and other campuses, is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. The Pitt-Johnstown campus is situated in a suburban, wooded setting occupying 650 acres which makes UPJ physically the third-largest campus in Pennsylvania and it is located eight miles outside of Johnstown, Pennsylvania,70 miles east of Pittsburgh, and 175 miles north of Washington, D. C. The 32 campus buildings, mostly in masonry, include resident housing, classroom buildings, a performing arts center, sports center, library, student union. Other features include a 40-acre nature preserve, more than 15 intramural activities, more than 70 student organizations, each building contains classrooms, laboratories, faculty offices, and/or administrative offices. Additional facilities include a room, greenhouse, computer rooms, auditoriums, an audio-visual classroom. Also available to students is the advanced technology classroom in Biddle Hall, the room is designed for electronic distance learning. It is equipped with satellite programming, three full-motion cameras, data ports, video monitors, and much more. It is currently one of the most sophisticated ATCs in operation at any college or university in Pennsylvania, all students have additional access to many additional libraries on Pitts other campuses. Campus-wide computing labs for student use are available, labs primarily contain Windows 8-based PCs, along with several Macintosh computers, application servers, laser printers, scanners, and advanced graphics devices
25.
NAIA World Series
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The NAIA World Series is a double-elimination tournament, held since 1957, to determine the baseball champion of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. Since 2000, the tournament has been held at Harris Field on the campus of Lewis–Clark State College in Lewiston, Idaho, a total of twelve cities have hosted the NAIA World Series. In 1957, the first edition of the series was held in Alpine, Texas, from 1984 to 1991 and since 2000, the series has been held in Lewiston on the campus of LCSC, the winningest school in the competition. As of 2015, a total of 188 schools have competed in the tournament
26.
Steve Forbes
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Malcolm Stevenson Steve Forbes, Jr. is an American publishing executive, who was twice a candidate for the nomination of the Republican Party for President. Forbes is the Editor-in-Chief of Forbes, a business magazine, Forbes was a Republican candidate in the 1996 and 2000 Presidential primaries. Forbes is the son of longtime Forbes publisher Malcolm Forbes, Forbes was born in Morristown, New Jersey, to Roberta Remsen and Malcolm Forbes. Forbes grew up wealthy in the town of Far Hills, New Jersey, Forbes attended the prestigious Far Hills Country Day School. In 1966, Forbes graduated cum laude from Brooks School in North Andover, Massachusetts, while at Princeton, Forbes founded his first magazine, Business Today, with two other students. Business Today is currently the largest student-run magazine in the world, Forbes is a member of Alpha Kappa Psi and Tau Kappa Epsilon. He holds honorary degrees from universities, including New York Institute of Technology. Forbes entered the Republican primaries for President of the United States in 1996 and 2000, Forbes also supported the ideas of re-introducing 4 1/2% mortgages and term limits in 1996, however, dropped both in 2000. When Forbes ran for President in 1996 and 2000, he sold some of his Forbes, Forbes did not come close to securing the Republican nomination, despite winning the Arizona and Delaware primaries in 1996, and getting some significant shares of the vote in other primaries. Forbes awkward campaigning style was considered to be a factor in his defeat. After dropping out early in the 2000 primary season, Forbes returned to heading the magazine, during the 1996 campaign, insiders at Fortune alleged that stories about Forbes advertisers became favorably biased toward them. Major issues Forbes has supported include free trade, health savings accounts, Forbes supports traditional Republican Party policies such as downsizing government agencies to balance the budget, tough crime laws and support for the death penalty, and school vouchers. In terms of policy, he called for a US not UN foreign policy Forbes flat tax plan has changed slightly. In 1996, Forbes supported a tax of 17% on all personal and corporate earned income However. In 2000, Forbes maintained the same plan, however, instead of each receiving an exemption of $33,000. Forbes is very wealthy, with a net worth in 1996 of $430 million, in his 2000 campaign, Forbes professed his support for social conservatism along with his supply-side economics. Despite holding opposite positions in 1996, for the 2000 campaign, Forbes announced he was opposed to abortion. Steve Forbes was one of the signers of the Statement of Principles of Project for the New American Century on June 3,1997, in 1996, Forbes campaigned on behalf of Ron Paul in the congressional election for Texass 14th congressional district
27.
John Murtha
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John Patrick Jack Murtha, Jr. was an American politician from the U. S. state of Pennsylvania. Murtha, a Democrat, represented Pennsylvanias 12th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1974 until his death in 2010 and he is the longest-serving member ever of the United States House of Representatives from the state of Pennsylvania. A former Marine Corps officer, Murtha was the first Vietnam War veteran elected to the U. S. House of Representatives. A member of the Pennsylvania House from 1969 to 1974, he won a special election to Congress in 1974 and was successively reelected every two years until his death. In the first decade of the 21st century, Murtha had been best known for his calls for a withdrawal of American forces in Iraq and he lost to Steny Hoyer of Maryland. After the Republicans defeat to the Democratic Majority in 2006 Murtha re-assumed his chairmanship of the House Appropriations Defense Subcommittee and he had previously chaired this subcommittee from 1989 to 1995 and served as its ranking member from 1995 to 2007. He was the son of Mary Edna and John Patrick Murtha, as a youth, he became an Eagle Scout. He also worked delivering newspapers and at a gas station before graduating from The Kiski School, Murtha left Washington and Jefferson College in 1952 to join the Marine Corps and was awarded the American Spirit Honor Medal for displaying outstanding leadership qualities during training. He became an instructor at Parris Island and was selected for Officer Candidate School at Quantico. He was then assigned to the Second Marine Division, Camp Lejeune, as an undergraduate, Murtha was initiated into the Kappa Sigma Fraternity. Murtha remained in the Marine Forces Reserve and ran a small business and he also attended the University of Pittsburgh on the G. I. Bill, and received a degree in economics, Murtha later took graduate courses from the Indiana University of Pennsylvania. He married his wife Joyce on June 10,1955 and they had three children, daughter Donna and twin sons Patrick and John M. who live in Johnstown. Murtha left the Marines in 1955 and he retired from the Marine Corps Reserve as a Colonel in 1990, receiving the Navy Distinguished Service Medal. Soon after returning from Vietnam, Murtha won the Democratic nomination for what was then the 22nd District and he lost fairly handily to longtime Republican incumbent John Saylor. Murtha was elected to represent the 72nd legislative district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in an election on May 20,1969. The election was triggered by the death of Representative Edward McNally and he was elected to a full term in 1970. Congressman Saylor died in October 1973, nine months into his 13th term, Murtha immediately jumped into the special election contest in what was now the 12th District
28.
Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine
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Founded in 1992, LECOM confers degrees in osteopathic medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry, as well as masters degrees in Health Services Administration, Biomedical Sciences, and Medical Education. LECOM operates one of the few accelerated three-year pharmacy programs in the country, with over 2,200 enrolled medical students, the medical school at LECOM is the largest in the United States. LECOM is currently ranked 57th in primary care by the U. S World, LECOM is a member of the LECOM Health system. Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine was founded in 1992, the first courses began in 1993, and the inaugural class of students graduated in 1997. In 2002, the school of pharmacy opened, in 2004, LECOM opened a branch campus in Bradenton, Florida, and in 2009 opened a new satellite campus in Greensburg, Pennsylvania at the site of Seton Hill University. In 2007, Lake Erie COM was the first US medical school to re-introduce a three-year medical school program, in 2012, the Bradenton campus opened a new dental school. Currently, LECOM is in the process of receiving accreditation for a new campus in Elmira, the medical school at LECOM is the largest in the United States. LECOM is currently ranked 51st in primary care by the U. S World, LECOM is a member of the LECOM Health system. The Erie campus offers all three pathways, while the Bradenton and Greensburg campuses offer curriculum based solely on problem-based learning. The Problem-Based Learning Pathway emphasizes student-centered self-directed learning through small group interaction, the PBL pathway is the sole pathway offered at the Bradenton and Greensberg campuses. The Lecture Discussion Pathway is a curriculum where subjects are taught in a lecture format. Basic science courses include gross anatomy, biochemistry, immunology, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology and physiology, clinical sciences are taught in a systems-based format. The Erie campus offers two accelerated pathways to primary care, the Primary Care Scholars Pathway and the Accelerated Physician Assistant Pathway, the Accelerated Physician Assistant Pathway is a fast-tracked, three-year medical school curriculum, which is designed for applicants that have already completed a physician assistant program. Applicants to this program must make a commitment to completing an osteopathic internship, the School of Pharmacy offers three pathways for the Doctor of Pharmacy program. One is a year-round, three-year curriculum based on the Erie campus, in 2014, the School of Pharmacy added a four-year distance education pathway for students across the United States. LECOM and Creighton University offer the only two distance education pathways for the primary PharmD degree in the nation, the School of Dental Medicine opened in mid July 2012 to its inaugural class of 100 dental students. The School of Dental Medicine prepares students for the practice of general dentistry, first-year dental students participate in problem-based learning as they prepare for clinical training. The SDM operates full-service dental practice offices in Bradenton where third-year students treat patients under the supervision of licensed dentists, in May 2015, the School opened outreach training sites in Erie, PA and DeFuniak Springs, FL
29.
Maureen O'Connor
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Maureen OConnor is an American jurist and the Chief Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court. Prior to this, OConnor served as an Associate Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court and as the 61st Lieutenant Governor of Ohio, serving under Governor Bob Taft. OConnor earned a degree at Seton Hill University, Greensburg, Pennsylvania in 1973. In 1981, OConnor began practicing law in Summit County, Ohio, in 1985 she was appointed a magistrate of the Summit County Probate Court. She was then elected as a judge of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas, in 1994 she was elected to the office of Summit County prosecutor and served in that office from 1995 to 1999. In 1998, OConnor was elected Ohios 61st Lieutenant Governor and served in office from 1999 to 2003 under Governor Bob Taft. In 2002, OConnor ran for and was elected to the Ohio Supreme Court and she was reelected in 2008 with 67. 14% of the vote against Democrat Joseph Russo. Her current term will expire in 2016, OConnor defeated Chief Justice Eric Brown in the 2010 general election with 67. 59% of the vote. Brown had been appointed Chief Justice by Gov. Ted Strickland in May 2010 after the death of Thomas J. Moyer and she is the sixth woman to have served as an Ohio Supreme Court justice and is the first woman to hold the post of Chief Justice. For the 2016 election, the Democratic Party did not field a candidate to run against OConnor, List of Justices of the Ohio Supreme Court List of Cleveland–Marshall College of Law alumni Chief Justice Maureen OConnor. The Supreme Court of Ohio and the Ohio Judicial Syatem
30.
Supreme Court of Ohio
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The Supreme Court of Ohio is the highest court in the U. S. state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution. The court has seven members, a justice and six associate justices. Since 2004, the court has met in the Thomas J. Moyer Ohio Judicial Center on the east bank of the Scioto River in downtown Columbus. Prior to 2004, the met in the James A. Rhodes State Office Tower and earlier in the Judiciary Annex of the Ohio Statehouse. The Ohio Supreme Court and the rest of the judiciary is established and authorized within Article IV of the Ohio Constitution, all the seats on the court are elected at large by the voters of Ohio. Every two years, two of the associate justice seats are up for election, for one of those three elections in a cycle, the chief justices seat is up for election. In order to run for a seat on the court, a person must be admitted to the Bar in Ohio, there is an age limit, One may not run for a seat on any Ohio court if one is more than 70 years of age. This limit often forces the retirement of long-time justices, Justice Francis E. Sweeney, Sr. was barred by this rule from running for re-election in 2004. However, a judge who reaches the age of 70 after being elected is not prevented from completing her or his term in office, the Governor of Ohio may appoint a Justice to the Court when there is a vacancy. Officially, the elections are non-partisan. However, in terms, all this means is that party designations for the candidates are left off the ballot. Major and minor parties all nominate candidates for the court in their primary elections, the vast majority of justices have been nominated by the two major parties in Ohio, Democratic or Republican. Many of the individuals who have contested Supreme Court seats have also contested for explicitly partisan political offices, both state and federal. From the election of Justice Robert R. Cupp in November 2006 to replace Democrat Alice Robie Resnick until the 2010 appointment of Eric Brown as Chief Justice, in the courts history, there have been three instances where the female justice have outnumbered the male justices. The first occurred from January to May 2003, the second time this occurred in 2005 and 2006. The third time occurred between January 2011 and to January 2017, in DeRolph v. State the Supreme Court of Ohio found that Ohios method of funding its schools was unconstitutional. The case originated in the Perry County Schools, in Mapp v. Ohio the U. S. Supreme Court, reversed the Supreme Court of Ohio, and found that evidence seized unlawfully without a search warrant cant be used in criminal prosecutions. In 2008, the Ohio Supreme Court went after a camp in Maine
31.
United States Navy
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The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U. S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, the U. S. Navy has the worlds largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of October 2016, the U. S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. It played a role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy. It played the role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan. The 21st century U. S. Navy maintains a global presence, deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific, the Mediterranean. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Navy is itself a division of the Department of Defense, which is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Naval Operations is an admiral and the senior naval officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO may not be the highest ranking officer in the armed forces if the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, the United States Navy is a seaborne branch of the military of the United States. The Navys three primary areas of responsibility, The preparation of naval forces necessary for the prosecution of war. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, U. S. Navy training manuals state that the mission of the U. S. Armed Forces is to prepare and conduct prompt and sustained combat operations in support of the national interest, as part of that establishment, the U. S. Navys functions comprise sea control, power projection and nuclear deterrence, in addition to sealift duties. It follows then as certain as that night succeeds the day, that without a decisive naval force we can do nothing definitive, the Navy was rooted in the colonial seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains, and shipbuilders. In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, Massachusetts had its own Massachusetts Naval Militia, the establishment of a national navy was an issue of debate among the members of the Second Continental Congress. Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the worlds preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. Commander in Chief George Washington resolved the debate when he commissioned the ocean-going schooner USS Hannah to interdict British merchant ships, and reported the captures to the Congress
32.
San Diego
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San Diego is a major city in California, United States. It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately 120 miles south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. With an estimated population of 1,394,928 as of July 1,2015, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego has been called the birthplace of California, historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, the Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly independent Mexico, in 1850, California became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union. The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the center of the region as well as the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. San Diegos main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, the presence of the University of California, San Diego, with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, has helped make the area a center of research in biotechnology. The original inhabitants of the region are now known as the San Dieguito, the area of San Diego has been inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile, sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site San Miguel. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast, in May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California, in July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in, Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks, in 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, the 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde, defeating Pío Pico in the vote
33.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
34.
Nalo Hopkinson
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Nalo Hopkinson is a Jamaican-born Canadian speculative fiction writer and editor. She currently lives and teaches in Riverside, California and her novels and short stories such as those in her collection Skin Folk often draw on Caribbean history and language, and its traditions of oral and written storytelling. Hopkinson has edited two fiction anthologies and she was the co-editor with Uppinder Mehan for the anthology So Long Been Dreaming, Postcolonial Visions of the Future, and with Geoff Ryman for Tesseracts 9. Hopkinson defended George Elliott Clarkes novel Whylah Falls on the CBCs Canada Reads 2002 and she was the curator of Six Impossible Things, an audio series of Canadian fantastical fiction on CBC Radio One. Nalo Hopkinson was born 20 December 1960 in Kingston, Jamaica, to Freda and she grew up in Guyana, Trinidad, and Canada. She was raised in an environment, her mother was a library technician and her father a Guyanese poet, playwright and actor who also taught English. By virtue of this upbringing, Hopkinson had access to writers like Derek Walcott during her formative years and she lived in Toronto from 1977 to 2011 before moving to Riverside, California where she accepted a position as Professor of Creative Writing at University of California Riverside. Hopkinson has a Masters of Arts degree in Writing Popular Fiction from Seton Hill University, Hopkinson held jobs in libraries, worked as a government culture research officer, and held the position of grants officer at the Toronto Arts Council. She has taught writing at various programs around the world, including stints as writer-in-residence at Clarion East, Clarion West, publishing and writing was stopped for six years due to a serious illness that prevented her from working. Severe anemia, caused by fibroids as well as a vitamin D deficiency, led to financial difficulties, since 2011, Hopkinson has been an associate professor in creative writing with an emphasis on science fiction, fantasy, and magical realism at University of California, Riverside. As an author, Hopkinson often uses themes of Caribbean folklore, Afro-Caribbean culture, in addition, Hopkinson consistently writes about subjects including race, class, and sexuality. Through her work, particularly in Midnight Robber, Hopkinson addresses differences in cultures as well as issues such as child. Hopkinson has been a key speaker and guest of honor at science fiction conventions. She is one of the members of the Carl Brandon Society. Hopkinson’s favorite writers include Samuel R. Delany, Tobias S. Buckell, in addition, inspiration for her novels often comes from songs or poems with Christina Rossetti’s poem Goblin Market serving as the inspiration for Sister Mine. Personal hobbies include sewing, cooking, gardening, and fabric design, Hopkinson designs fabrics based on historical photos and illustrations. Hopkinson was the recipient of the 1999 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer, brown Girl in the Ring was nominated for the Philip K. Dick Award in 1998, and received the Locus Award for Best First Novel. In 2008 it was a finalist in Canada Reads, produced by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Midnight Robber was shortlisted for the James R. Tiptree Jr. Memorial Award in 2000 and nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2001
35.
Albright College
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Albright College is a private, co-educational, liberal arts college. It was founded in 1856 and is located in Reading, Pennsylvania, Albright College has been named one of the Best Northeastern schools for 13 consecutive years by The Princeton Review. Albright College has also named one of the most ethnically and economically diverse schools in the country by U. S News. In the “Campus Ethnic Diversity” category, as part of its 2017 Best Colleges rankings, in the “Economic Diversity” category, Albright ranked 21st out of 214 national liberal arts schools named. The Economist magazine listed Albright among the top 50 American colleges and universities for economic value in 2015, Albright College offers Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees, as well as a Master of Arts and Master of Science degrees in education. The college also offers accelerated degree programs with 10 locations throughout Pennsylvania, Albright does not require applicants to take the SAT or submit SAT scores, submission of these scores is optional. Albright offers liberal arts and pre-professional programs and it created one of the first undergraduate psychobiology programs in the nation in the 1960s. The Colleges liberal arts curriculum has a focus that allows students to create an individualized education. Fully half of Albright students have concentrations that combine two or three fields of learning, berks Countys oldest institute of higher learning, Albright College traces its founding to 1856 when Union Seminary opened. Present-day Albright was actually formed by the mergers of several institutions, Albright Collegiate Institute opened in 1895 and was renamed Albright College three years later. Union Seminary became Central Pennsylvania College and, in 1902, merged with Albright College, Schuylkill College, previously called Schuylkill Seminary, merged with Albright College in 1928. Albrights campus relocated from Myerstown, to Schuylkill College’s campus, which is the present location of Albright, the College is named for Pennsylvania-German evangelical preacher Jacob Albright, who founded the Evangelical Association. Born in 1759 in Douglass Township, with the name of Johannes Jacob Albrecht. Albright College athletic teams compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III as a member of the Middle Atlantic Conferences, charles Pop Kelchner founded the Mens Basketball team in 1900 and was athletic director at Albright College for 21 years. He was involved in aspects of Major League Baseball for over 50 years, Albright College dedicated the baseball field as Kelchner Field in 1952. Branch Rickey gave the speech, with Connie Mack in attendance. Kelchner was a graduate of Lafayette College with two degrees and was proficient in German, French, Italian, Spanish, Classical Latin and he served as Professor of Languages and athletic director. Clarence Lester Biggie Munn was an American football player, coach and he was the head football coach at Albright College, Syracuse University, and most notably Michigan State College, where his 1952 squad won a national championship
36.
Allegheny College
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Allegheny College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college in northwestern Pennsylvania in the town of Meadville, approximately 35 miles south of Erie. Founded in 1815, Allegheny is the oldest college in existence under the same name west of the Allegheny Mountains. Allegheny is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference, Allegheny was founded in April 1815 by the Reverend Timothy Alden, a graduate of Harvards School of Divinity. The college was affiliated with the United Methodist Church after 1833. The first class, consisting of four students, began their studies on July 4,1816. Within six years, Alden accumulated sufficient funds to building a campus. The first building erected, the library, was designed by Alden himself, Bentley Hall is named in honor of Dr. William Bentley, who donated his private library to the College, a collection of considerable value and significance. In 1824, Thomas Jefferson wrote to Alden, expressing the hope that his University of Virginia could someday possess the richness of Alleghenys library, Alden served as president of the college until 1831, when financial and enrollment difficulties forced his resignation. Ruter Hall was built in 1853, Allegheny began admitting women in 1870, early for a US college, a woman was valedictorian of the Allegheny class of 1875. One source suggests that Ida Tarbell, the pioneering journalist who exposed the practices of Rockefellers Standard Oil Company, was the first woman to attend Allegheny. In 1905, Allegheny built Alden Hall as a new and improved preparatory school, over the decades, the college has grown in size and significance while still maintaining ties to the community. In 1971 the film Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up to Me based on the Richard Farina novel was filmed on college grounds. While the word Allegheny is a brand for the college, it is also the name of a county, a river, and a range. For example, Allegheny objected in 2006 when Penn State tried to rename one of its campuses Allegheny, Allegheny president Richard Cook said Allegheny was our brand. It sued the Philadelphias Allegheny Health and Research Foundation in 1997 to change its name, under president Richard J. Cook, Allegheny was reported to have had a stronger endowment, optimal enrollment, record retention rates, innovative new programs and many physical campus improvements. These years were marked by growth in the endowment, marked by a $115-million fund-raising drive. In February 2008, James H. Mullen Jr. was named the 21st president of Allegheny and he took office Aug.1,2008. The college and the town cooperate in many ways, one study suggested the Allegheny College generates approximately $93 million annually into Meadville and the local economy
37.
Bryn Mawr College
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Bryn Mawr College is a womens liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. The school has an enrollment of about 1300 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students, Bryn Mawr College is a private womens liberal arts college founded in 1885. The phrase bryn mawr means large hill in Welsh, literally hill large and it is named after the town of Bryn Mawr, in which the campus is located, which had been renamed by a representative of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Bryn Mawr was the name of an estate granted to Rowland Ellis by William Penn in the 1680s. Elliss former home, also called Bryn Mawr, was a house near Dolgellau, Merionnydd, Gwynedd, the College was largely founded through the bequest of Joseph W. Taylor, and its first president was James Evans Rhoads. Bryn Mawr was one of the first institutions of education in the United States to offer graduate degrees, including doctorates. The first class included 36 undergraduate women and eight graduate students, Bryn Mawr was originally affiliated with the Religious Society of Friends, but by 1893 had become non-denominational. In 1912, Bryn Mawr became the first college in the United States to offer doctorates in social work, through the Department of Social Economy and this department became the Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research in 1970. In 1931, Bryn Mawr began accepting men as graduate students, from 1921 to 1938 the Bryn Mawr campus was home to the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers in Industry, which was founded as part of the labor education movement and the womens labor movement. The school taught women workers political economy, science, and literature, a June 3,2008, article in The New York Times discussed the move by womens colleges in the United States to promote their schools in the Middle East. The article noted that in doing so, the schools promote the work of alumnae of womens colleges such as Hillary Clinton, Emily Dickinson, Diane Sawyer, Katharine Hepburn and Madeleine Albright. The Dean of Admissions of Bryn Mawr noted, We still prepare a number of women scientists We’re really about the empowerment of women. Middle Eastern students who attend these colleges tell of a transition that can be jarring. The College celebrated its 125th anniversary of bold vision, for women, on February 9,2015, the Board of Trustees announced approval of a working group recommendation to expand the undergraduate applicant pool. Trans women and intersex individuals identifying as women may now apply for admission and this official decision made Bryn Mawr the fourth womens college in the United States to accept trans women. In 2011, Travel+Leisure named Bryn Mawr as one of the most beautiful campuses in the United States. The majority of Bryn Mawr students live on campus in residence halls, many of the older residence halls were designed by Cope & Stewardson and are known for their Collegiate Gothic architecture, modeled after Cambridge University. Each is named after a county town in Wales, Brecon, Denbigh, Merion, and Radnor, Rhoads North and South was named after the colleges first president, James E. Rhoads, Rockefeller is named after its donor, John D. Rockefeller
