1.
Caricature
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A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or through other artistic drawings. In literature, a caricature is a description of a person using exaggeration of some characteristics, Caricatures can be insulting or complimentary and can serve a political purpose or be drawn solely for entertainment. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines. The term is derived from the Italian caricare—to charge or load, an early definition occurs in the English doctor Thomas Brownes Christian Morals, published posthumously in 1716. Expose not thy self by four-footed manners unto monstrous draughts, with the footnote, When Mens faces are drawn with resemblance to some other Animals, the Italians call it, to be drawn in Caricatura Thus, the word caricature essentially means a loaded portrait. Some of the earliest caricatures are found in the works of Leonardo da Vinci, the point was to offer an impression of the original which was more striking than a portrait. Caricature took a road to its first successes in the aristocratic circles of France and Italy. These caricatures were the work of Brig. -Gen, george Townshend whose caricatures of British General James Wolfe, depicted as Deformed and crass and hideous, were drawn to amuse fellow officers. Elsewhere, two great practitioners of the art of caricature in 18th-century Britain were Thomas Rowlandson and James Gillray, Rowlandson was more of an artist and his work took its inspiration mostly from the public at large. Gillray was more concerned with the vicious visual satirisation of political life and they were, however, great friends and caroused together in the pubs of London. In a lecture titled The History and Art of Caricature, the British caricaturist Ted Harrison said that the caricaturist can choose to either mock or wound the subject with an effective caricature. Drawing caricatures can simply be a form of entertainment and amusement – in which case gentle mockery is in order – or the art can be employed to make a social or political point. A caricaturist draws on the characteristics of the subject, the acquired characteristics. Sir Max Beerbohm, created and published caricatures of the men of his own time. His style of single-figure caricatures in formalized groupings was established by 1896 and his published works include Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen, The Poets Corner, and Rossetti and His Circle. He published widely in magazines of the time, and his works were exhibited regularly in London at the Carfax Gallery. George Cruikshank created political prints that attacked the family and leading politicians. He went on to create caricatures of British life for popular publications such as The Comic Almanack
2.
Parody
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A parody is a work created to imitate, make fun of, or comment on an original work—its subject, author, style, or some other target—by means of satiric or ironic imitation. As the literary theorist Linda Hutcheon puts it, parody … is imitation, another critic, Simon Dentith, defines parody as any cultural practice which provides a relatively polemical allusive imitation of another cultural production or practice. Parody may be found in art or culture, including literature, music, animation, gaming, the writer and critic John Gross observes in his Oxford Book of Parodies, that parody seems to flourish on territory somewhere between pastiche and burlesque. According to Aristotle, Hegemon of Thasos was the inventor of a kind of parody, in ancient Greek literature, a parodia was a narrative poem imitating the style and prosody of epics but treating light, satirical or mock-heroic subjects. Indeed, the components of the Greek word are παρά para beside, counter, against, Thus, the original Greek word παρῳδία parodia has sometimes been taken to mean counter-song, an imitation that is set against the original. The Oxford English Dictionary, for example, defines parody as imitation turned as to produce a ridiculous effect, because par- also has the non-antagonistic meaning of beside, there is nothing in parodia to necessitate the inclusion of a concept of ridicule. Old Comedy contained parody, even the gods could be made fun of, the Frogs portrays the hero-turned-god Heracles as a Glutton and the God of Drama Dionysus as cowardly and unintelligent. The traditional trip to the Underworld story is parodied as Dionysus dresses as Heracles to go to the Underworld, roman writers explained parody as an imitation of one poet by another for humorous effect. In French Neoclassical literature, parody was also a type of poem where one work imitates the style of another to produce a humorous effect, the Ancient Greeks created satyr plays which parodied tragic plays, often with performers dressed like satyrs. In classical music, as a term, parody refers to a reworking of one kind of composition into another. The term is sometimes applied to procedures common in the Baroque period. The musicological definition of the parody has now generally been supplanted by a more general meaning of the word. In its more contemporary usage, musical parody usually has humorous, even satirical intent, in which familiar musical ideas or lyrics are lifted into a different, often incongruous, context. Musical parodies may imitate or refer to the style of a composer or artist. For example, The Ritz Roll and Rock, a song and dance performed by Fred Astaire in the movie Silk Stockings, parodies the Rock. Conversely, while the work of Weird Al Yankovic is based on particular popular songs. The first usage of the parody in English cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is in Ben Jonson, in Every Man in His Humour in 1598, A Parodie. The next citation comes from John Dryden in 1693, who also appended an explanation, suggesting that the word was in common use, in the 20th century, parody has been heightened as the central and most representative artistic device, the catalysing agent of artistic creation and innovation
3.
Max Beerbohm
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Sir Henry Maximilian Max Beerbohm was an English essayist, parodist, and caricaturist. He first became known in the 1890s as a dandy and a humorist and he was the drama critic for the Saturday Review from 1898 until 1910, when he relocated to Rapallo, Italy. In his later years he was popular for his radio broadcasts. Among his best-known works is his novel, Zuleika Dobson. His caricatures, drawn usually in pen or pencil with muted watercolour tinting, are in public collections. His mother was Eliza Draper Beerbohm, the sister of Juliuss late first wife and his was a well-to-do London family. He was also close to four half-siblings, one of whom, other older half-siblings were the author and explorer Julius Beerbohm and the author Constance Beerbohm. His nieces were Viola, Felicity and Iris Tree, from 1881 to 1885 Max – he was always called simply Max and it is thus that he signed his drawings – attended the day school of a Mr Wilkinson in Orme Square. Mr Wilkinson, Beerbohm later said, gave me my love of Latin, mrs Wilkinson taught drawing to the students, the only lessons Beerbohm ever had in the subject. Beerbohm was educated at Charterhouse School and Merton College, Oxford from 1890 and it was at school that he began writing. While at Oxford Beerbohm became acquainted with Oscar Wilde and his circle through his half-brother, in 1893 he met William Rothenstein, who introduced him to Aubrey Beardsley and other members of the literary and artistic circle connected with The Bodley Head. Though he was an unenthusiastic student academically, Beerbohm became a figure in Oxford social circles. He also began submitting articles and caricatures to London publications, which were met enthusiastically, in March 1893 he submitted an article on Oscar Wilde to the Anglo-American Times under the pen name An American. Later in 1893 his essay The Incomparable Beauty of Modern Dress was published in the Oxford journal The Spirit Lamp by its editor, Lord Alfred Douglas. By 1894, having developed his personality as a dandy and humorist and his A Defence of Cosmetics appeared in the first edition of The Yellow Book in 1894, his friend Aubrey Beardsley being art editor at the time. At this time Oscar Wilde said of him The gods have bestowed on Max the gift of perpetual old age, in 1895 Beerbohm went to the United States for several months as secretary to his half-brother Herbert Beerbohm Trees theatrical company. He was fired when he spent far too many hours polishing the business correspondence, there he became engaged to Grace Conover, an American actress in the company, a relationship that lasted several years. On his return to England Beerbohm published his first book, The Works of Max Beerbohm and his first piece of fiction, The Happy Hypocrite, was published in volume XI of The Yellow Book in October 1896
4.
Alfred A. Knopf
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Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. is a New York publishing house that was founded by Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. The publisher had a reputation for a pursuit of perfection and elegant taste and it was acquired by Random House in 1960 and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. The Knopf publishing house is associated with its borzoi colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925, Knopf was founded in 1915 by Alfred A. Knopf, Sr. with a $5,000 advance from his father. The first office was located in New Yorks Candler Building, the publishing house was officially incorporated in 1918, with Alfred Knopf as president, Blanche Knopf as vice-president, and Samuel Knopf as treasurer. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, william A. Koshland joined the company in 1934, and worked with the firm for more than fifty years, rising to take the positions of President and Chairman of the Board. Blanche became President in 1957 when Alfred became Chairman of the Board, Alfred Knopf retired in 1972, becoming chairman emeritus of the firm until his death in 1984. Alfred Knopf also had a home in Purchase, New York. Beginning in 1920, Knopf also produced a chapbook, for the purpose of promoting new books, the Borzoi was published periodically over the years, the first being a hardback called the Borzoi and sometimes quarterly as the Borzoi Quarterly. In 1923 Knopf also started publishing periodicals, beginning with The American Mercury, founded by H. L. Mencken and George Jean Nathan, following the Good Neighbor policy, Blanche Knopf visited South America in 1942, so the firm could start producing texts from there. She was one of the first publishers to visit Europe after World War II and her trips, and those of other editors, brought in new writers from Europe, South America, and Asia. Alfred traveled to Brazil in 1961, which spurred a corresponding interest on his part in South America and their son, Alfred Pat Jr. was hired on as secretary and trade books manager after the war. In a 1957 advertisement in the Atlantic Monthly, Alfred A. Knopf published the Borzoi Credo, the credo includes a list of what Knopfs beliefs for publishing including the statement that he never published an unworthy book. Among a list of beliefs listed is the final one--I believe that magazines, movies, television, in 1960 Random House acquired Alfred A. Knopf. It is believed that the decision to sell was prompted by Alfred A. Knopf, Jr. leaving Knopf to found his own book company, Atheneum Books in 1959. While there have many notable editors at Knopf there have only been three editors-in-chief-- Alfred A. Knopf, Sr. Robert Gottlieb and Sonny Mehta. Knopf also employed literary scouts to good advantage, at least 17 Nobel Prize and 47 Pulitzer Prize winning authors have been published by Knopf, though they have also passed at times on subsequently notable books. Knopf books conclude with a page titled A Note on the Type. In addition, Knopf books date the year of the current printing on the title page
5.
Enoch Soames
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Enoch Soames is the title of a short story by the British writer Max Beerbohm. Enoch Soames is also the name of the character, The piece was originally published in the May 1916 edition of The Century Magazine. It is a comic-tragedy, involving elements of fantasy and science fiction, well known for its clever and humorous use of the concepts of time travel. The author uses a combination of fact and fiction to create a sense of realism. The work also contains a portrait of the real-life artist William Rothenstein, as well as countless references to contemporary-to-1897 events. Beerbohm himself also drew a cartoon-sketch of Soames, and the two pictures are recognisably of the same person, writing as a narrator describing events from his own past, Beerbohm presents himself as a moderately successful young English essayist and writer during the 1890s. He then purports to relate the history of a friend. Over the course of the story, he is the author and his appearance is described as dim and leaving little impression, except for his persistent habit of always wearing a particular grey waterproof cape and soft black hat. On the afternoon of 3 June 1897, Soames and Beerbohm are having lunch in the Soho-based Restaurant du Vingtieme Siecle. Despairing and desperate for assurance of the recognition of his works and talent, Soames agrees to a contract offered by the Devil. After the agreement is made, Soames vanishes, then reappears in the café at the designated hour, Soames description of the world of future is, like himself, vague and nondescript, while there he had focussed primarily on his own concerns. He tells Beerbohm that the only mention he could find of himself was in a scholarly article. It is printed in English, but in a spelling and with modified pronunciation. With characteristic delicacy, Beerbohm quotes the author as saying It is a somewhat labud sattire, Beerbohm, shocked, denies that he would ever write such a thing. While the two are debating this point, the Devil returns, before being taken to Hell, Soames scornfully requests that Beerbohm at least try to make people believe that he, Soames, actually existed. Beerbohm then notes Soames had mentioned that his presence in the room caused a great stir. They will have been waiting to see whether he really would come. And when he does come, the effect will of course be – awful, the Reading Room of the British Museum was in fact still in operation in June 1997, although it was closed later that year and its functions were transferred to the new British Library
6.
Oscar Wilde
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Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde was an Irish playwright, novelist, essayist, and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he one of Londons most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. He is remembered for his epigrams, his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, his plays, as well as the circumstances of his imprisonment, Wildes parents were successful Anglo-Irish, Dublin intellectuals. Their son became fluent in French and German early in life, at university, Wilde read Greats, he proved himself to be an outstanding classicist, first at Dublin, then at Oxford. He became known for his involvement in the philosophy of aestheticism. After university, Wilde moved to London into fashionable cultural and social circles, known for his biting wit, flamboyant dress and glittering conversation, Wilde became one of the best-known personalities of his day. The opportunity to construct aesthetic details precisely, and combine them with social themes. He wrote Salome in French in Paris but it was refused a licence for England due to the prohibition of Biblical subjects on the English stage. Unperturbed, Wilde produced four society comedies in the early 1890s, at the height of his fame and success, while The Importance of Being Earnest, was still being performed in London, Wilde had the Marquess of Queensberry prosecuted for criminal libel. The Marquess was the father of Wildes lover, Lord Alfred Douglas, the charge carried a penalty of up to two years in prison. The trial unearthed evidence that caused Wilde to drop his charges and led to his own arrest, after two more trials he was convicted and imprisoned for two years hard labour. Upon his release he left immediately for France, never to return to Ireland or Britain, there he wrote his last work, The Ballad of Reading Gaol, a long poem commemorating the harsh rhythms of prison life. He died destitute in Paris at the age of 46, Oscar Wilde was born at 21 Westland Row, Dublin, the second of three children born to Sir William Wilde and Jane Wilde, two years behind William. Wildes mother was of Italian descent, and under the pseudonym Speranza and she read the Young Irelanders poetry to Oscar and Willie, inculcating a love of these poets in her sons. Lady Wildes interest in the neo-classical revival showed in the paintings and busts of ancient Greece, William Wilde was Irelands leading oto-ophthalmologic surgeon and was knighted in 1864 for his services as medical adviser and assistant commissioner to the censuses of Ireland. He also wrote books about Irish archaeology and peasant folklore, a renowned philanthropist, his dispensary for the care of the citys poor at the rear of Trinity College, Dublin, was the forerunner of the Dublin Eye and Ear Hospital, now located at Adelaide Road. On his fathers side Wilde was descended from a Dutchman, Colonel de Wilde, on his mothers side Wildes ancestors included a bricklayer from County Durham who emigrated to Ireland sometime in the 1770s. Wilde was baptised as an infant in St, marks Church, Dublin, the local Church of Ireland church
7.
Aubrey Beardsley
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Aubrey Vincent Beardsley was an English illustrator and author. His drawings in ink, influenced by the style of Japanese woodcuts, emphasized the grotesque, the decadent. He was a figure in the Aesthetic movement which also included Oscar Wilde. Beardsleys contribution to the development of the Art Nouveau and poster styles was significant, Beardsley was born in Brighton, England, on 21 August 1872, and christened on 24 October 1872. Vincents wife, Ellen Agnus Pitt, was the daughter of Surgeon-Major William Pitt of the Indian Army, the Pitts were a well-established and respected family in Brighton, and Beardsleys mother married a man of lesser social status than might have been expected. Soon after their wedding, Vincent was obliged to sell some of his property in order to settle a claim for his breach of promise from another woman who claimed that he had promised to marry her. At the time of his birth, Beardsleys family, which included his sister Mabel who was one year older, were living in Ellens familial home at 12 Buckingham Road. The number of the house in Buckingham Road was 12, but the numbers were changed years ago, in 1883 his family settled in London, and in the following year he appeared in public as an infant musical phenomenon, playing at several concerts with his sister. In January 1885 he began to attend Brighton, Hove and Sussex Grammar School and his first poems, drawings and cartoons appeared in print in Past and Present, the schools magazine. In 1888 he obtained a post in an office, and afterwards one in the Guardian Life. In 1891, under the advice of Sir Edward Burne-Jones and Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, in 1892 he attended the classes at the Westminster School of Art, then under Professor Fred Brown. Beardsleys first commission was Le Morte dArthur by Thomas Malory, which he illustrated for the publishing house J. M. Dent and his six years of major creative output can be divided into several periods, identified by the form of his signature. In the early period his work is mostly unsigned, during 1891 and 1892 he progressed to using his initials, A. V. B. In mid-1892, the period of Le Morte dArthur and The Bon Mots he used a Japanese-influenced mark which became progressively more graceful, sometimes accompanied by A. B. in block capitals. He co-founded The Yellow Book with American writer Henry Harland, and for the first four editions he served as Art Editor and produced the cover designs and he was also closely aligned with Aestheticism, the British counterpart of Decadence and Symbolism. Most of his images are done in ink, and feature large dark areas contrasted with blank ones. Beardsley was the most controversial artist of the Art Nouveau era, renowned for his dark and perverse images and grotesque erotica and his illustrations were in black and white, against a white background. Some of his drawings, inspired by Japanese shunga artwork, featured enormous genitalia, other major illustration projects included an 1896 edition of The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope, and the collection A Book of Fifty Drawings by Aubrey Beardsley
8.
W. B. Yeats
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William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, he helped to found the Abbey Theatre, Yeats was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival along with Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn and others. He was born in Sandymount, Ireland and educated there and in London and he spent childhood holidays in County Sligo and studied poetry from an early age when he became fascinated by Irish legends and the occult. These topics feature in the first phase of his work, which lasted roughly until the turn of the 20th century. His earliest volume of verse was published in 1889, and its slow-paced and lyrical poems display Yeatss debts to Edmund Spenser, Percy Bysshe Shelley, from 1900, his poetry grew more physical and realistic. He largely renounced the transcendental beliefs of his youth, though he remained preoccupied with physical and spiritual masks, in 1923, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Of Anglo-Irish descent, William Butler Yeats was born at Sandymount in County Dublin and his father, John Butler Yeats, was a descendant of Jervis Yeats, a Williamite soldier, linen merchant, and well-known painter who died in 1712. Benjamin Yeats, Jerviss grandson and Williams great-great-grandfather, had in 1773 married Mary Butler of a family in County Kildare. Following their marriage, they kept the name Butler in the family name, Mary was a descendant of the Butler of Ormond family from the Neigham Gowran branch of the family. They were descendants of the first Earls of Ormond, by his marriage, Williams father John Yeats was studying law but abandoned his studies to study art at Heatherleys Art School in London. His mother, Susan Mary Pollexfen, came from a merchant family in Sligo. Yeats was raised a member of the Protestant Ascendancy, which was at the time undergoing a crisis of identity. In 1997, his biographer R. F. Foster observed that Napoleons dictum that to understand the man you have to know what was happening in the world when he was twenty is manifestly true of W. B. Y. Yeatss childhood and young adulthood were shadowed by the power-shift away from the minority Protestant Ascendancy, the 1880s saw the rise of Charles Stewart Parnell and the home rule movement, the 1890s saw the momentum of nationalism, while the Catholics became prominent around the turn of the century. These developments had an effect on his poetry, and his subsequent explorations of Irish identity had a significant influence on the creation of his countrys biography. In 1867, the moved to England to aid their father, John. At first the Yeats children were educated at home and their mother entertained them with stories and Irish folktales. John provided an education in geography and chemistry, and took William on natural history explorations of the nearby Slough countryside
9.
Italian Renaissance
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The term Renaissance is in essence a modern one that came into currency in the 19th century, in the work of historians such as Jules Michelet and Jacob Burckhardt. The French word renaissance means Rebirth, and the era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity after the period that Renaissance humanists labeled the Dark Ages. Though today perhaps best known for Italian Renaissance art and architecture, the period saw major achievements in literature, music, philosophy, Italy became the recognized European leader in all these areas by the late 15th century, and to varying degrees retained this lead until about 1600. This was despite a turbulent and generally disastrous period in Italian politics, the European Renaissance began in Tuscany, and centred in the city of Florence. It later spread to Venice, where the remains of ancient Greek culture were brought together, the Renaissance later had a significant effect on Rome, which was ornamented with some structures in the new allantico mode, then was largely rebuilt by humanist sixteenth-century popes. The Italian Renaissance peaked in the century as foreign invasions plunged the region into the turmoil of the Italian Wars. However, the ideas and ideals of the Renaissance endured and spread into the rest of Europe, setting off the Northern Renaissance, the Italian Renaissance is best known for its cultural achievements. Accounts of Renaissance literature usually begin with Petrarch and his friend, famous vernacular poets of the 15th century include the renaissance epic authors Luigi Pulci, Matteo Maria Boiardo, and Ludovico Ariosto. 15th century writers such as the poet Poliziano and the Platonist philosopher Marsilio Ficino made extensive translations from both Latin and Greek, the same is true for architecture, as practiced by Brunelleschi, Leon Battista Alberti, Andrea Palladio, and Bramante. Their works include Florence Cathedral, St. Peters Basilica in Rome, yet cultural contributions notwithstanding, some present-day historians also see the era as one of the beginning of economic regression for Italy. By the Late Middle Ages, Latium, the heartland of the Roman Empire. Rome was a city of ancient ruins, and the Papal States were loosely administered, and vulnerable to external interference such as that of France, and later Spain. The Papacy was affronted when the Avignon Papacy was created in southern France as a consequence of pressure from King Philip the Fair of France, in the south, Sicily had for some time been under foreign domination, by the Arabs and then the Normans. Sicily had prospered for 150 years during the Emirate of Sicily, in contrast Northern and Central Italy had become far more prosperous, and it has been calculated that the region was among the richest of Europe. The Crusades had built lasting trade links to the Levant, the main trade routes from the east passed through the Byzantine Empire or the Arab lands and onwards to the ports of Genoa, Pisa, and Venice. Luxury goods bought in the Levant, such as spices, dyes, moreover, the inland city-states profited from the rich agricultural land of the Po valley. From France, Germany, and the Low Countries, through the medium of the Champagne fairs, land and river trade routes brought goods such as wool, wheat, and precious metals into the region. The extensive trade that stretched from Egypt to the Baltic generated substantial surpluses that allowed significant investment in mining, thus, while northern Italy was not richer in resources than many other parts of Europe, the level of development, stimulated by trade, allowed it to prosper
10.
National Library of Australia
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In 2012–2013, the National Library collection comprised 6,496,772 items, and an additional 15,506 metres of manuscript material. In 1901, a Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was established to serve the newly formed Federal Parliament of Australia, from its inception the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was driven to development of a truly national collection. The present library building was opened in 1968, the building was designed by the architectural firm of Bunning and Madden. The foyer is decorated in marble, with windows by Leonard French. In 2012–2013 the Library collection comprised 6,496,772 items, the Librarys collections of Australiana have developed into the nations single most important resource of materials recording the Australian cultural heritage. Australian writers, editors and illustrators are actively sought and well represented—whether published in Australia or overseas, approximately 92. 1% of the Librarys collection has been catalogued and is discoverable through the online catalogue. The Library has digitized over 174,000 items from its collection and, the Library is a world leader in digital preservation techniques, and maintains an Internet-accessible archive of selected Australian websites called the Pandora Archive. A core Australiana collection is that of John A. Ferguson, the Library has particular collection strengths in the performing arts, including dance. The Librarys considerable collections of general overseas and rare materials, as well as world-class Asian. The print collections are further supported by extensive microform holdings, the Library also maintains the National Reserve Braille Collection. The Library has acquired a number of important Western and Asian language scholarly collections from researchers, williams Collection The Asian Collections are searchable via the National Librarys catalogue. The National Library holds a collection of pictures and manuscripts. The manuscript collection contains about 26 million separate items, covering in excess of 10,492 meters of shelf space, the collection relates predominantly to Australia, but there are also important holdings relating to Papua New Guinea, New Zealand and the Pacific. The collection also holds a number of European and Asian manuscript collections or single items have received as part of formed book collections. Examples are the papers of Alfred Deakin, Sir John Latham, Sir Keith Murdoch, Sir Hans Heysen, Sir John Monash, Vance Palmer and Nettie Palmer, A. D. Hope, Manning Clark, David Williamson, W. M. The Library has also acquired the records of many national non-governmental organisations and they include the records of the Federal Secretariats of the Liberal party, the A. L. P, the Democrats, the R. S. L. Finally, the Library holds about 37,000 reels of microfilm of manuscripts and archival records, mostly acquired overseas and predominantly of Australian, the National Librarys Pictures collection focuses on Australian people, places and events, from European exploration of the South Pacific to contemporary events. Art works and photographs are acquired primarily for their informational value, media represented in the collection include photographs, drawings, watercolours, oils, lithographs, engravings, etchings and sculpture/busts
11.
Project Gutenberg
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Project Gutenberg is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, to encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks. It was founded in 1971 by Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital library, most of the items in its collection are the full texts of public domain books. The project tries to make these as free as possible, in long-lasting, as of 3 October 2015, Project Gutenberg reached 50,000 items in its collection. The releases are available in plain text but, wherever possible, other formats are included, such as HTML, PDF, EPUB, MOBI, most releases are in the English language, but many non-English works are also available. There are multiple affiliated projects that are providing additional content, including regional, Project Gutenberg is also closely affiliated with Distributed Proofreaders, an Internet-based community for proofreading scanned texts. Project Gutenberg was started by Michael Hart in 1971 with the digitization of the United States Declaration of Independence, Hart, a student at the University of Illinois, obtained access to a Xerox Sigma V mainframe computer in the universitys Materials Research Lab. Through friendly operators, he received an account with an unlimited amount of computer time. Hart has said he wanted to back this gift by doing something that could be considered to be of great value. His initial goal was to make the 10,000 most consulted books available to the public at little or no charge and this particular computer was one of the 15 nodes on ARPANET, the computer network that would become the Internet. Hart believed that computers would one day be accessible to the general public and he used a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence in his backpack, and this became the first Project Gutenberg e-text. He named the project after Johannes Gutenberg, the fifteenth century German printer who propelled the movable type printing press revolution, by the mid-1990s, Hart was running Project Gutenberg from Illinois Benedictine College. More volunteers had joined the effort, all of the text was entered manually until 1989 when image scanners and optical character recognition software improved and became more widely available, which made book scanning more feasible. Hart later came to an arrangement with Carnegie Mellon University, which agreed to administer Project Gutenbergs finances, as the volume of e-texts increased, volunteers began to take over the projects day-to-day operations that Hart had run. Starting in 2004, an online catalog made Project Gutenberg content easier to browse, access. Project Gutenberg is now hosted by ibiblio at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Italian volunteer Pietro Di Miceli developed and administered the first Project Gutenberg website and started the development of the Project online Catalog. In his ten years in this role, the Project web pages won a number of awards, often being featured in best of the Web listings, Hart died on 6 September 2011 at his home in Urbana, Illinois at the age of 64. In 2000, a corporation, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Long-time Project Gutenberg volunteer Gregory Newby became the foundations first CEO, also in 2000, Charles Franks founded Distributed Proofreaders, which allowed the proofreading of scanned texts to be distributed among many volunteers over the Internet
12.
Herbert Beerbohm Tree
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Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree was an English actor and theatre manager. Tree began performing in the 1870s, by 1887, he was managing the Haymarket Theatre, winning praise for adventurous programming and lavish productions, and starring in many of its productions. In 1899, he helped fund the rebuilding, and became manager, again, he promoted a mix of Shakespeare and classic plays with new works and adaptations of popular novels, giving them spectacular productions in this large house, and often playing leading roles. His wife, actress Helen Maud Holt, often played opposite him, although Tree was regarded as a versatile and skilled actor, particularly in character roles, by his later years, his technique was seen as mannered and old fashioned. He founded the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1904 and was knighted, for his contributions to theatre and his famous family includes his siblings, explorer Julius Beerbohm, author Constance Beerbohm and half-brother caricaturist Max Beerbohm. His daughters were Viola, an actress, Felicity and Iris, a poet, a grandson was the actor Oliver Reed. Born in Kensington, London as Herbert Draper Beerbohm, Tree was the son and second child of Julius Ewald Edward Beerbohm. The senior Beerbohm was of Dutch, Lithuanian, and German origin, he had come to England in about 1830, Trees younger brother was the author and explorer Julius Beerbohm, and his sister was author Constance Beerbohm. A younger half-brother was the parodist and caricaturist Max Beerbohm, born from their fathers second marriage, Max jokingly claimed that Herbert added the Tree to his name because it was easier for audiences than shouting Beerbohm. The latter part of his surname, bohm, is north German dialect for tree, Trees early education included Mrs Adamss Preparatory School at Frant, Dr Stones school in Kings Square, Bristol, and Westbourne collegiate school in Westbourne Grove, London. After these, he attended his fathers alma mater, Schnepfeuthal College in Thuringia, upon his return to England, he began performing with amateur troupes, eventually using the name Herbert Beerbohm Tree, while working in his fathers business. In 1878 Tree played Grimaldi in Dion Boucicaults The Life of an Actress at the Globe Theatre, shortly after, for the next six years, he performed mainly on tour in the British provinces, playing character roles. He made his London debut late in 1878 at the Olympic Theatre under the management of Henry Neville and his first real success was as the elderly Marquis de Pontsablé in Madame Favart, in which he toured towards the end of 1879. Another London engagement was as Prince Maleotti in a revival of Forget-me-Not at the Prince of Waless Theatre in 1880 and his first London success came in 1884 as the Rev. Robert Spalding in Charles Hawtreys adaptation of The Private Secretary. Tree embellished the comic elements of the role, which added to the popularity of the play and his next role was Paolo Marcari in Called Back by Hugh Conway. The contrast between this dashing Italian spy and his timid parson in Hawtreys play, showed his versatility as a character actor, other appearances over the next two years included roles in revivals of A. W. Pineros The Magistrate and W. S. Gilberts Engaged. In 1886 he played Iago in Othello and Sir Peter Teazle in The School for Scandal with F. R. Bensons company at Bournemouth. The same year, in London, he made a success at the Haymarket Theatre, in 1887, at age thirty-four, Tree took over the management of the Comedy Theatre in the West End of London
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Julius Beerbohm
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Julius Beerbohm was a Victorian travel-writer, engineer and explorer. He was the son of Julius Ewald Edward Beerbohm, of Dutch, Lithuanian, and German origin and he married an Englishwoman, Constantia Draper, and the couple had four children. Julius Beerbohms older brother was the renowned actor-manager Herbert Beerbohm Tree, a younger half-brother was the caricaturist and parodist Max Beerbohm. His half-sister Agnes Mary Beerbohm, who became Mrs Ralph Neville in 1884, was a friend of the artist Walter Sickert and his nieces were Viola, Felicity and Iris Tree. A European engineer, Beerbohm travelled to Patagonia in 1877 as part of a group sent to survey the land between Port Desire and Santa Cruz and his 1881 book Wanderings in Patagonia, or, Life among the Ostrich Hunters is the account of the time he spent there. In the book he describes the natural history and geography of the country which he labelled the last of natures works. Beerbohm travelled across deserts and through jungles with the native Indians, Beerbohm details a trek through this notoriously hostile terrain and overcomes snowstorms and mutiny, survives a flood and encounters ostrich hunters, puma, and swans. A rank amateur, Beerbohm had no knowledge of the land, its flora. Fortunately, for the most part of the journey he travelled with several old hands at ostrich hunting, the memorable Isidro, the Frenchman Guillaume, and the Austrian Maximo. Most memorable are the chapters in which the group is stuck on the north side of the Rio Gallegos which was experiencing a severe flood. The group split up, with Beerbohm and Guillaume venturing a dangerous crossing, when they finally arrived in Sandy Point, the local prison, along with its military guard, mutinied, got drunk, and took over the town, killing many of its citizens. Beerbohms Patagonia sketches provided the basis for the illustrations for Lady Florence Dixies Across Patagonia, Julius was a brilliant creature, exquisite and elusive, a poet and a dreamer. His poetry was of the soul, his dreams, alas. were of the earth and he was a potential millionaire, and from time to time, one would have said, an actual one. But, over and over again, some bright El Dorado would fade before his vision, fortunes came quickly, and as quickly were engulfed in new and glittering enterprises. When I first knew him he was engaged to that graceful and gracious being, Mrs Younghusband. He brought her, Evelyn, to see us at Old Burlington Street and she had great beauty, charm and distinction, a lovely way of speaking, lovely manners, and a gentle and rare disposition. After such Lucullus feasts, we would sometimes repair to our rooms, where Julius would make me sing Crépuscule, and his was an enchanting personality, and Herberts pride and joy in him were immense. Both brothers, while remembering with delight the beauty of the Thuringian land in spring and summer, Beerbohm spent much of his time travelling around Europe losing all his money at casino after casino
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Florence Kahn (actress)
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Florence Kahn was a Jewish American actress and the first wife of caricaturist and parodist Sir Max Beerbohm. Her father Louis Kahn was a German-Jewish immigrant from Baden who married Pauline Freiberg and he founded the dry goods firm of Kahn & Freiberg in Memphis in 1860 and was also an amateur Shakespeare scholar. Florences brother Samuel Kahn became an editor of The Commercial Appeal in Memphis and she attended the Clara Conway Institute, a private school in Memphis, and had dancing lessons before going to a finishing school, which she left in June 1894. In 1895 she studied drama at Miss Grace Llewellyns studio in Memphis and she also attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York. Florence Kahn appeared in the first American performance of Maeterlinks Intérieur in February 1896, on graduating in April 1897 she joined a touring company as the female lead in The Girl I Left Behind Me. In Spring 1898 she played Lady de Winter in The Musketeers with Paul Gilmore in New York and she played Hilda in the first performance of When We Dead Awaken in America which took place at the Carnegie Lyceum on January 16,1900. She also appeared in The Master Builder as Hilda Wangel, Miss Kahns portrayal could scarcely be called either coherent or consistent. But it possessed a certain quality, was full of youthful spirit. Kahn also appeared with the actor Richard Mansfield, as Chorus in Shakespeares Henry V in 1900 and she appeared in Don Caesars Return by Victor Mapes at Wallacks Theatre in New York in 1901. She waved across the stage and coiled upon the furniture, after the failure of Rosmersholm in New York, in 1904 she travelled to Great Britain with a letter of introduction to Max Beerbohm. Beerbohm became infatuated with Kahn and called on her regularly, taking her to meet his family, on her return to America in 1907 Kahn appeared in Ibsens Hedda Gabler and Rosmersholm in New York Citys Lyric Theatre. In February 1908 Kahn returned to Britain where she appeared as Rebecca West in Ibsens Rosmersholm and she then toured Britain presenting a series of readings, on one occasion appearing before King Edward VII. It was during this tour that she was courted by Beerbohm and it has been estimated that during their six-year courtship Beerbohm wrote over 1,000 letters to Kahn. When they were apart he wrote everyday, sometimes more than once a day, from the start of the marriage, Beerbohms friends did not like Kahn, thinking the couple ill-matched. They thought Kahn to be nervous, shy, timid, retiring, humourless, moralizing, idealizing, prudish, frequently sad and depressed and anti-social, in fact the very opposite of Beerbohm. In 1931 the Beerbohms returned to Britain so that Kahn could act in Luigi Pirandellos play La Vita che ti Diedi with a repertory company in Huddersfield. In 1936 Kahn appeared with Gielgud as Mrs Caypor in Alfred Hitchcocks film Secret Agent, at that time not only had she never made a film before but she had never seen one either. She became Lady Beerbohm when her husband was knighted in 1939, Florence Kahn died at Rapallo in Italy in 1951 aged 72
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Elisabeth Jungmann
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Elisabeth Jungmann was an interpreter and the secretary, literary executor and second wife of caricaturist and parodist Sir Max Beerbohm. She served as a nurse for the German Army during World War I, Jungmann was the personal secretary and English interpreter for Gerhart Hauptmann from 1922 to 1933, and then for Rudolf G. Binding. Binding had hoped to marry Jungmann but was prevented from doing so by the Nuremberg Laws, Jungmann had been a friend of the Beerbohms since 1927 when she had translated at a meeting between Beerbohm and Hauptmann, who wintered in Rapallo in Italy. She became a visitor to their home, the Villino Chiaro in Rapallo. Because she was a Jew Jungmann left Europe and went to Britain at the start of World War II, during the War Jungmann worked for the Jewish Central Information Office in London as a research assistant. She went on to work for the Political Intelligence Department, a section of the British Home Office, after the War she stayed in London, working for the Control Commission for Germany and Austria which was involved in developing the cultural revival of Germany. Beerbohm wrote a letter to the Aliens Tribunal on her behalf urging her suitability for British citizenship, when Jungmanns mother died in 1942 while being transported to Auschwitz-Birkenau, Beerbohm wrote a letter of condolence to her. When the Beerbohms returned to the Villino Chiaro after the War, on the death of his first wife, Florence Kahn, in 1951, Beerbohm called Jungmann in London. She immediately travelled out to his villa in Rapallo where she took care of the funeral arrangements and she became Beerbohms secretary, confidante and carer. Jungmann acted as hostess to Beerbohms many visitors, including Ezra Pound, who lived nearby, Jungmann once told Beerbohm how she would have liked to have met Isaac Newton, famous for his Law of Gravity. Beerbohm said that he would not have understood Newton, to which Jungmann replied He would have liked you, yes, Max agreed, I would have taught him the Law of Levity. She became Lady Beerbohm when Beerbohm married her privately on his bed on 20 April 1956 to ensure that under Italian law she would inherit all his possessions. On the death of her husband in May 1956 Jungmann became his literary executor, after her own death in 1958 her sister Eva Reichmann became the executor of Max Beerbohms literary estate. She was the subject of a biography by Corry Nethery, death notice in Time Magazine January 19,1959 Jungmann in the Princeton University Library Manuscripts Division
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Beerbohm family
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He moved to England in about 1830 and set up as a corn merchant. He first married an Englishwoman, Constantia Draper, the couple had four children, following her death, in 1860 he married Eliza Draper, Constantias sister, and had another five children. As a deceased sister, Elizas marriage to Julius Beerbohm was celebrated outside the United Kingdom. 1 Ernest Beerbohm who went to South Africa as a farmer in Cape Colony. Their children were, Viola Tree married drama critic, Alan Leonard Romaine Parsons and their children were, David Tree Denys Parsons Virginia Penelope Parsons, wife successively of David Pax Tennant and of Henry Thynne, 6th Marquess of Bath, issue one daughter. Felicity Tree married Sir Geoffrey Cory-Wright, 3rd Baronet and they had five sons, Captain Julian Cory-Wright, whose only son is the present baronet. Iris Tree married firstly Curtis Moffat and he married firstly Natasha Sorokin – marriage dissolved. Lorna Moffat He married secondly The Hon Katharine Smith, the daughter of the Rt, Hon William Henry Smith The 3rd Viscount Hambleden, of W. H. Smiths. Jonathan Moffat Georgina Moffat, actress who appeared in the TV series Skins, Herbert Beerbohm Tree also had seven illegitimate children from his numerous affairs, among them the director Carol Reed and Peter Reed, whose son became the actor Oliver Reed. Another was the actress Lydia Bilbrook,3 Julius Beerbohm engineer and explorer – married Mrs Evelyn Younghusband. 1 Agnes Mary Beerbohm, who married Ralph Neville in 1884, was a friend of the artist Walter Sickert, modelling for him in his 1906 painting Fancy Dress. She married, secondly, Edmund Francis Vesey Knox 2 Dora Beerbohm, died shortly after a fall down some steps at the Priory. 3 Marie Beerbohm – died young 4 Daughter – died young 5 Max Beerbohm, caricaturist and parodist, who married, Florence Kahn in 1910 – no issue Elisabeth Jungmann in 1956 – no issue
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A Defence of Cosmetics
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A Defence of Cosmetics is an essay by caricaturist and parodist Max Beerbohm and published in the first edition of The Yellow Book in April 1894. Aged 21 when the essay was published, it established his reputation and it later appeared in his first book, The Works of Max Beerbohm as The Pervasion of Rouge. A Peep into the Past was possibly withheld because of the impending Wilde scandal, when it was published, A Defence of Cosmetics was singled out for vilification as decadent, and subsequent issues of The Yellow Book containing his work were condemned by the establishment. Beerbohm contended that the use of make-up by women, and some men, was becoming the norm in the 1890s, and his essay claimed that most women are not as young as they are painted. Artifice, sweetest exile, is come into her kingdom and this, I conceive, is done for purely social reasons. The essay, a defence of Decadence, created a sensation when it appeared in 1894. Delighted with the essay, William Rothenstein wrote to Beerbohm. all my friends chuckled over your dear cosmetics as they read & reread them, oscar, solitary exception, was moved to a torrent of tears, so strong was his emotion. Wilde, appreciating Beerbohms wise but ironic manner, commented that The gods bestowed on Max the gift of perpetual old age, turning the pages of A Defence of Cosmetics A Defence of Cosmetics on Victorian Web Mocking the Victorian Sages, Beerbohms A Defence of Cosmetics
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The Happy Hypocrite
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The Happy Hypocrite, A Fairy Tale for Tired Men is a short story with moral implications, first published in a separate volume by Max Beerbohm in 1897. His earliest short story, The Happy Hypocrite first appeared in Volume XI of The Yellow Book in October,1896, beerbohms tale is a lighter, more humorous version of Oscar Wildes classic tale of moral degeneration, The Picture of Dorian Gray. The Happy Hypocrite tells the story of a man who deceives a woman with a mask in order to marry her, the book was published by John Lane at The Bodley Head, in New York City and in London in 1897. In 1900 the story was produced as a show at the Royalty Theatre in London starring Frank Mills. In 1936 the play was revived at His Majestys Theatre starring Ivor Novello, Vivien Leigh, Isabel Jeans, an edition with colour illustrations by George Sheringham was published by John Lane in November,1918. The protagonist is named Lord George Hell, a worldly man, he is a dandy, fond of gambling, drinking, womanizing, and the like. He is enjoying lavish outdoor entertainment in London with his lover, La Gambogi, a dwarf sitting with Lord George, revealed to be Cupid, shoots his arrow into Lord Georges breast. Lord George boldly proposes marriage to Jenny, but she says that she will marry a man with the face of a saint. Confused, Lord George spends the night wandering the streets, heartbroken, in the morning, he stumbles upon a mask maker shop of a man named Mr. Aeneas. He purchases a saints face mask, custom altered to bear the mark of true love, however, while viewing his new look in the reflection of a brook, he sees Jenny, leaps across the brook and proposes marriage. He then buys a cottage to live a quiet, modest existence. The newlyweds lead a simple but unrealistic life subsisting bread and honey and little strawberries seed-cake and dewberry wine. One month after the marriage, as the couple is celebrating the occasion, La Gambogi shows up. A scuffle between the three results in La Gambogi tearing off Georges mask. Although he fears that his love is lost, it turns out that his face has assumed the contours of the mask. Jenny concludes with ecstasy that he was testing her fidelity for a time before revealing his true beautiful face, La Gambogi leaves the couple happily kissing as the mask melts in the sun. The Happy Hypocrite Online text Colour illustrated edition reissue The Happy Hypocrite public domain audiobook at LibriVox
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Zuleika Dobson
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Zuleika Dobson, full title Zuleika Dobson, or, an Oxford love story, is a 1911 novel by Max Beerbohm, a satire of undergraduate life at Oxford. It was his novel, but was nonetheless very successful. This satire includes the famous line Death cancels all engagements and presents a view of Edwardian Oxford. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Zuleika Dobson 59th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century, dr Robert Mighall in his Afterword to the New Centenary Edition of Zuleika, writes, Zuleika is of the future. Anticipates an all-too-familiar feature of the scene, the D-list talent afforded A-list media attention. Beerbohm began writing the book in 1898, finishing in 1910 and he saw it was not as a novel, rather the work of a leisurely essayist amusing himself with a narrative idea. Sydney Castle Roberts wrote a parody Zuleika in Cambridge, Zuleika Dobson—though not strictly beautiful—is a devastatingly attractive young woman of the Edwardian era, a true femme fatale, who is a prestidigitator by profession, formerly a governess. As she feels that she cannot love anyone unless he is impervious to her charms, however, she rejects all her suitors, doing the same with the astonished Duke. The Duke quickly discovers that Noaks, another Oxford student, also claims to have fallen in love with her, apparently, men immediately fall in love with her upon seeing her. Zuleika is able to interrupt the Dukes first suicide attempt from a boat, but seems to have a romanticised view of men dying for her. The Duke, instead pledging to kill himself the next day—which Zuleika more or less permits—has dinner that night with his club where the other members also affirm their love for Zuleika. Upon telling them of his plan to die, the others agree to also commit suicide for Zuleika. This idea soon reaches the minds of all Oxford undergraduates, who fall in love with Zuleika upon first sight. The Duke eventually decides that the way he can stop all the undergraduates from killing themselves is by not committing suicide himself. The Duke promptly interprets the omen as a sign that the gods have decreed his doom. He proudly tells Zuleika that he will die, but no longer for her. Later the same day, a thunderstorm overwhelms the Eights Week boat races while the Duke drowns himself in the River Isis, every fellow undergraduate, except one, promptly follows suit. While Oxfords academic staff barely notice that all of their undergraduates have vanished
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A Christmas Garland
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A Christmas Garland, Woven by Max Beerbohm is a collection of seventeen parodies written by English caricaturist, essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm. It was first published in the United Kingdom in October 1912 by Heinemann, Beerbohm had a gift for parody, and A Christmas Garland is perhaps the best collection of parodies ever written in English. In his book Beerbohm parodied the style of writers of his day. Beerbohms parodies of their work are intermixed with a Christmas theme, when A Christmas Garland first appeared in 1912 reviewers agreed that Beerbohm had not only captured the styles or externals of his subjects but had unbared their brains and hearts. He seemed to have obtained temporary loans of their very minds, henry James, the first author parodied, read A Christmas Garland with wonder and delight and called the book the most intelligent that has been produced in England for many a long day. A Christmas Garland is surely the liber aureus of prose parody and he seems to enclose in a transparent omniscience the genius of each star as, in A Christmas Garland, he methodically moves across the firmament of Edwardian letters. Full text of A Christmas Garland on Project Gutenberg Turning the pages of A Christmas Garland
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A Peep into the Past
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A Peep into the Past is a 1923 unauthorized and privately printed essay on Oscar Wilde by caricaturist and parodist Max Beerbohm. The essay was possibly withheld because of the impending Wilde scandal, a Peep into the Past was never published in The Yellow Book. In 1894 Wilde was at the height of his fame, the old gentleman continues to write, indeed, he has not yet abandoned his old intention of dramatising Salome. In 1894 The Athenaeum was Londons premier club for eminent men of letters and its membership was made up of the greatest British writers in the nineteenth century. Wildes name is a conspicuous absence, printed privately in 1923 in a limited edition of 300 copies on Japan Vellum, A Peep into the Past was published in a glassine wrapper with a card slipcase and box. The first four pages are a facsimile of Beerbohms original handwritten manuscript, a Peep into the Past on the Mr Oscar Wilde website
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Mainly on the Air
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Mainly on the Air was written by English caricaturist, essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm. It was published in 1946 by Heinemann and is a collection of the texts of a series of six BBC Radio broadcasts from 1935 to 1945 and six essays. Beerbohm returned to England from his home in Rapallo in Italy in about 1935 when his wife, at this time he resumed writing essays when the BBC invited him to give regular radio broadcasts. He talked about cars and carriages and music halls, among other topics and he and his wife remained in Britain during World War II during which period Beerbohm continued to broadcast, giving his last on air talk in 1945. The success of these broadcasts made Beerbohm a well-known emeritus of British humour, six of these radio talks were collected together with six other essays and published as Mainly on the Air in 1946. The book was first published in America in 1947 by Alfred A. Knopf of New York and it ran into 17 editions between 1946 and 1972 in English and other languages. An enlarged edition was published by Heinemann in 1957, fenning Dodworth The Works of Max Beerbohm Mainly on the Air at Faded Page
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Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen
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Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen is a book of twenty-five caricatures by English caricaturist, essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm. It was published in 1896 by Leonard Smithers and Co and was Beerbohms first book of caricatures, published with an introduction by Leonard Raven-Hill, Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen appeared the same year as Beerbohms first collection of essays, The Works of Max Beerbohm. The collection established Beerbohms reputation as the cruelest caricaturist of his day, Beerbohm was aged 24 when the book was published. The Poets Corner Fifty Caricatures Rossetti and His Circle OpenLibrary. org
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Fifty Caricatures
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Fifty Caricatures is a book of fifty caricatures by English caricaturist, essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm. It was published in 1913 by William Heinemann in Britain and E. P, dutton & Company in the United States. It was Beerbohms fifth book of caricatures, after Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen, The Poets Corner, A Book of Caricatures, and Cartoons, The Second Childhood of John Bull. Published in 1913, Beerbohms illustrations include caricatures of George Bernard Shaw, Lloyd George, Joseph Pennell, Lord Rosebery, John Masefield, George Grossmith, irving, Auguste Rodin, Thomas Hardy, Bonar Law and Enrico Caruso and a collection of politicians of the time. The fifty caricatures appear on the only, numbers 1 to 48 being executed in half-tone and mounted on brown paper. Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen The Poets Corner Rossetti and His Circle Turn the pages of Fifty Caricatures
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Rossetti and His Circle
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Rossetti and His Circle is a book of twenty-three caricatures by English caricaturist, essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm. The book is now considered one of Beerbohms masterpieces, Beerbohm returned to England from his home in Rapallo in Italy so that he could study photographs of the subjects he depicted in his caricatures. During the winter of 1917 he rented a cottage in the English countryside near the home of his friend William Rothenstein so that he could work on his Rossetti drawings, every day, carrying his portfolio of drawings with him, Beerbohm walked across the snow to visit Rothenstein. No wonder Max was nervous of leaving his Rossetti caricatures in an empty cottage, what a remarkable reconstruction of a period. Rossetti and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood had captured Beerbohms imagination, and so he still shines for me. Beerbohms caricatures include Dante Gabriel Rossetti with his sister Christina, John Ruskin, Algernon Charles Swinburne, William Holman Hunt, John Millais, in plate 22, Oscar Wilde, on his 1882 lecture tour in America, describes the delights of the Aesthetic Movement to a fascinated audience. This tour had been organised by Richard DOyly Carte to publicise the new Gilbert, sir Hugh Walpole bequeathed Beerbohms original watercolour artwork for Rossetti and His Circle to the Tate Collection in London in 1941. A special limited edition of 380 numbered copies bound in cloth was also published in 1922. A Momentary Vision that once Befell Young Millais, ford Madox Brown patronised by Holman Hunt. The Small Hours in the Sixties at 16, Cheyne Walk, robert Browning introduces a Great Lady. Mr. Watts, Mr. Shields, and Mr. Caine, the Touch of a Vanished Hand. Rossettis Name is heard in America, Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen The Poets Corner Fifty Caricatures Rossetti and His Circle on Victorianweb. org The Beerbohm Collection at the Tate Turning the pages of Rossetti and His Circle
