Sex and the City is an American romantic comedy-drama television series created by Darren Star and produced by HBO. Broadcast from 1998 until 2004, the original run of the show had a total of 94 episodes. Throughout its six-year run, the show received contributions from various producers and directors, principally Michael Patrick King. Set and filmed in New York City and based on Candace Bushnell's 1997 book of the same name, the show follows the lives of a group of four women—three in their mid-thirties and one in her forties—who, despite their different natures and ever-changing sex lives, remain inseparable and confide in each other. Starring Sarah Jessica Parker and co-starring Kim Cattrall, Kristin Davis, Cynthia Nixon, the quirky series had multiple continuing storylines that tackled relevant and modern social issues such as sexuality, safe sex and femininity, while exploring the difference between friendships and romantic relationships; the deliberate omission of the better part of the early lives of the four women was the writers' way of exploring social life—from sex to relationships—through each of their four different, individual perspectives.

Sex and the City has received both acclaim and criticism for its subjects and characters, is credited with helping to increase HBO's popularity as a network. The series has won several accolades, including seven of its 54 Emmy Award nominations, eight of its 24 Golden Globe Award nominations, three of its 11 Screen Actors Guild Award nominations; the series placed fifth on Entertainment Weekly's "New TV Classics" list, has been listed as one of the best television series of all time by Time in 2007 and TV Guide in 2013. The series still airs in syndication worldwide, it spawned two feature films and the City and Sex and the City 2, a prequel television series commissioned by The CW, The Carrie Diaries. The show was based in part on writer Candace Bushnell's 1997 book of the same name, compiled from her column at The New York Observer. Bushnell has said in several interviews. Carrie Bradshaw was a writer living in New York City. Carrie Bradshaw and Candace Bushnell have the same initials, a flourish emphasizing their connection.

Moreover, just as Carrie Bradshaw has articles for the fictional New York Star published as a book in series, the entire Sex and the City series is based on a compilation of Bushnell's own columns for the New York Observer. Sex and the City creator Darren Star wrote the pilot with Parker in mind as Carrie. According to Parker, "I didn't want to do it, he convinced me, begged me to do it, I signed a contract." The pilot episode was subsequently shot in June 1997. However, Parker disliked the pilot, saying "I hated the look, the clothes... I didn't think, she wanted offering to work in three HBO movies unpaid. Though Star would not release her, he listened to her concerns and implemented major changes before shooting the first season. Parker said: "The funny thing, after the first episode of season one, I never looked back and the rest is history. I never thought, that the show would become what it has become." Carrie Bradshaw is the narrator and main protagonist, played by Sarah Jessica Parker, with each episode structured around her train of thought while writing her weekly column "Sex and the City" for the fictitious paper, the New York Star.

A member of the New York glitterati, she is a club/bar/restaurant staple known for her unique fashion sense and lives in a studio apartment in an Upper East Side brownstone. Stanford Blatch, a gay talent agent from an aristocratic family, is Carrie's best friend outside of the other three women. Carrie is entangled with Mr. Big, a prominent businessman and an aficionado of jazz and cigars whose real name is revealed in the final episode to be John James Preston, in a tumultuous, on-and-off-again relationship, he is the reason for many of Carrie's breakdowns as he never seems ready to commit to her. He is once-divorced by the time. Carrie and Big break up when he leaves New York for a work secondment to Paris and does not show willingness for Carrie to accompany him nor to continue a long-distance relationship, citing commitment issues. Carrie is heartbroken and some months runs into Big at a party in the Hamptons, he is accompanied by his 20-something year-old girlfriend, whom he met in Paris.

Despite this, Carrie attempts to be friends with Big. However, this goes awry when he tells her that he and Natasha are getting married, something he'd never considered with Carrie. In season 3, Carrie meets and is attracted to up-and-coming Manhattan furniture designer Aidan Shaw who becomes her boyfriend. Aidan is more traditional and patient about relationships than many of Carrie's other love interests, for a while they are happy together. At a furniture show, the pair run into Natasha and Big, who confides to Carrie that he made a mistake marrying Natasha and wants out. Soon afterward and Carrie begin an affair, which ends only when Natasha catches Carrie at Big's apartment. Wracked with guilt, Carrie tells Aidan of the affair on the day of Charlotte's

Clarissa "Clara" von Ranke was an Irish poet and salon host. Clarissa von Ranke was born Clarissa Helena Graves in Dublin in 1808, she was the elder daughter of chief police magistrate of Dublin, John Crosbie Graves, Helena, daughter of the Rev. Charles Perceval; the family live at 12 Fitzwilliam Square. Her brothers were John Thomas Graves a lecturer in mathematics at University College, Robert Perceval Graves a founder of Alexandra College and the Rt Rev. Charles Graves bishop of Limerick. Ranke was educated in England and Europe, having a talent for languages and music, but poetry in particular. Following the death of her father, Ranke travelled across Europe with her mother, she met German historian Leopold Ranke in Paris in July 1843. They were engage in London, married in October 1843 at Bowness-on-Windermere, England; the couple had three sons, one of whom died in infancy, one daughter. The son of her brother Charles, Alfred Perceval Graves, married her great-grand-niece Amelie Elisabeth Sophie von Ranke.

Her husband was ennobled and the family name became "von Ranke". The Rankes moved to Berlin after their marriage, living on Luisenstraße, hosting a wide social circle at "Salon Ranke", their salon hosted professionals from around the world, hosting classes in literature and poetry, discussions on history and politics, musical parties. Among the regular attendees were August Wilhelm Schlegel, Lord Francis Napier, Sir Andrew Buchanan, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, the Brothers Grimm; the salon was viewed as conservative, but discussions on cultural exchange, nation building in Ireland and beyond, the position of women in society, as well as the role of religion in society. Ranke maintained a keen interest in Ireland, writing to her brother Robert in 1846 about the threat of an Irish famine she noted "You all eat too much in England and will in the end starve your poorer neighbours." When writing to Julia Garnett Pertz, the wife of a German historian, Ranke displays and interest in emancipation of slaves and social reform, as well as advocating for the education of women.

She gave classes in English and Italian, as well as taking part in piano competitions with Felix Mendelssohn. Ranke was fluent in ten languages, was knowledgeable of 20. A published poet, Ranke's poems appeared in Thomas Solly's Coronal of English verse and Main's Treasury of English sonnets, she assisted her husband with his historical work for 30 years. She secured him a competent English translator, sometimes translated his work herself for comparative purposes. In 1869, She welcomed the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland, sharing a hope with her brother Robert that Protestants and Catholics could co-exist peacefully. Ranke suffered with poor health for a number of years, which resulted in her developing an interest in nursing and medical issues, she met Florence Nightingale, became involved in programmes assisting wounded soldiers. She died in Berlin on 20 April 1871, is buried at Friedhof II der Sophiengemeinde Berlin

The Bacillus subtilis φ29 Holin Family is a group of transporters belonging to the Holin Superfamily IV. A representative list of members belonging to the φ29 holin family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database; the phage φ29 gene 14 encodes the protein GP14, required for phage φ29-promoted host cell lysis. When expressed in E. coli, it leads to cell death without lysis. When expressed together with phage φ29 lysozyme or an unrelated murein-degrading enzyme, cell lysis is observed. Thus, GP14 is a nonspecific holin in the cytoplasmic membrane of B. subtilis. It is nearly identical to the phage B103 lysis protein, it is 34% identical to the phage GA-1 holin. Holin Lysin Transporter Classification Database As of this edit, this article uses content from "1. E.10 The Bacillus subtilis φ29 Holin Family", licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed