1.
Woody Allen
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Heywood Woody Allen is an American actor, writer, director, comedian, playwright, and musician whose career spans more than six decades. He worked as a writer in the 1950s, writing jokes and scripts for television. In the early 1960s, Allen began performing as a stand-up comedian, as a comedian, he developed the persona of an insecure, intellectual, fretful nebbish, which he maintains is quite different from his real-life personality. In 2004, Comedy Central ranked Allen in fourth place on a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians and he is often identified as part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmakers of the mid-1960s to late 1970s. Allen often stars in his films, typically in the persona he developed as a standup, some of the best-known of his over 40 films are Annie Hall, Manhattan, and Hannah and Her Sisters. In 2007 he said Stardust Memories, The Purple Rose of Cairo, critic Roger Ebert described Allen as a treasure of the cinema. Allen won four Academy Awards, three for Best Original Screenplay and one for Best Director and he also won nine British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards. His screenplay for Annie Hall was named the funniest screenplay by the Writers Guild of America in its list of the 101 Funniest Screenplays, in 2011, PBS televised the film biography Woody Allen, A Documentary on the American Masters TV series. Allen was born Allan Stewart Konigsberg in Brooklyn, New York and he and his sister, Letty, were raised in Midwood, Brooklyn. He is the son of Nettie, a bookkeeper at her familys delicatessen, and Martin Konigsberg and his family was Jewish, his grandparents immigrated from Russia and Austria, and spoke Yiddish, Hebrew, and German. His parents were born and raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. His childhood was not particularly happy, his parents did not get along, Allen spoke German quite a bit in his early years. He would later joke that when he was young he was sent to inter-faith summer camps. While attending Hebrew school for eight years, he went to Public School 99 and to Midwood High School, at that time, he lived in an apartment at 968 East 14th Street. Unlike his comic persona, he was interested in baseball than school. He impressed students with his talent at card and magic tricks. To raise money, he wrote jokes for agent David O. Alber, at the age of 17, he legally changed his name to Heywood Allen and later began to call himself Woody Allen. According to Allen, his first published joke read, Woody Allen says he ate at a restaurant that had O. P. S and he was then earning more than both parents combined
2.
Kathy Bates
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Kathleen Doyle Kathy Bates is an American actress. Bates began her career on the stage, and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play in 1983 for her performance in night, Mother. She rose to prominence with her performance in Misery, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. She won another Emmy Award in 2012 for her portrayal as the ghost of Charlie Harper on CBS comedy series Two and a Half Men, Bates was born in Memphis, Tennessee, the youngest of three daughters of homemaker Bertye Kathleen and mechanical engineer Langdon Doyle Bates. Her paternal grandfather was lawyer and author Finis L. Bates, One of her Irish great-great-grandfathers, who immigrated to New Orleans, Louisiana, served as President Andrew Jacksons doctor. She graduated early from White Station High School and from Southern Methodist University and she moved to New York City in 1970 to pursue an acting career. She was nominated for a Tony Award in 1983 for her role in the Pulitzer Prize-winning play night. The stage production ran for more than a year, mcNally specifically wrote the play for Bates and F. Murray Abraham, who had to drop out and was replaced by Kenneth Welsh. The play was filmed as Frankie and Johnny, starring Al Pacino. She succeeded Amy Irving in the Off-Broadway production of The Road to Mecca in 1988, Bates first feature film role was in the 1971 Miloš Forman comedy Taking Off, in which she sings an original song Even Horses Had Wings. Bates next feature was the Dustin Hoffman film Straight Time, in 1977, Bates made her Soap opera debut as Phyllis on NBCs soap opera The Doctors. From 1983 to 1984, she played prison inmate Belle Bodelle on All My Children and from 1984 to 1985, in 1990 she would appear again with Hoffman in Warren Beattys Dick Tracy as a stenographer. She appeared in films like The Morning After and Summer Heat and she then landed the role of obsessed fan Annie Wilkes, who holds her favorite author captive, in the 1990 thriller film Misery, based on the Stephen King novel. Bates received her first Academy Award nomination for that role, winning Best Actress, soon after, she starred with Jessica Tandy in the acclaimed 1991 movie Fried Green Tomatoes, based on the novel by comedic actress Fannie Flagg. In 1995 Bates played the character in Dolores Claiborne, a film adaptation of another Stephen King novel. In 1997 Bates played Molly Brown in James Camerons Titanic, based on the 1912 sinking of the RMS Titanic, the film went on to earn more than $1.8 billion in box-office receipts worldwide. For this performance, she received her second Academy Award nomination, in 2002 she received her third nomination, for About Schmidt. More recently, she and Terry Bradshaw played the parents of Matthew McConaugheys character in the 2006 film Failure to Launch, Bates was featured in an uncredited cameo in the miniseries of Stephen Kings The Stand
3.
John Cusack
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John Paul Cusack is an American actor, producer and screenwriter. He appeared in teen films in the mid-1980s, most notably Better Off Dead. In 1989, for which he gained teen idol status and he later starred in High Fidelity, for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe. Cusack is also known for his performances in the films Grosse Pointe Blank, Being John Malkovich,1408,2012, Hot Tub Time Machine, Cusack was born to a Catholic Irish-American family in Evanston, Illinois. He is the fourth of five children and his mother, Ann Paula Nancy, is a former mathematics teacher and political activist. His father, Richard Cusack, was an actor, as are Cusacks siblings Ann, Joan, Bill and they were from Manhattan, New York and moved to Illinois before his birth. Richard was also a filmmaker who owned a film production company and was a friend of activist Philip Berrigan. Cusack graduated from Evanston Township High School in 1984, where he met Jeremy Piven, Cusack gained fame in the mid-1980s after appearing in teen films, such as Class, Sixteen Candles, Better Off Dead, The Sure Thing, One Crazy Summer and Stand By Me. He made a cameo in the 1988 music video for Trip To The Brain by Suicidal Tendencies, in 1989, he played Lloyd Dobler in Cameron Crowes Say Anything. His roles broadened in the late 1980s and early 1990s with more serious-minded fare such as the politically themed True Colors, after establishing New Crime Productions, Cusack experienced box office success with his roles in the dark comedy Grosse Pointe Blank and the Jerry Bruckheimer blockbuster Con Air. Cusack starred in the horror film 1408, based on Stephen Kings short story of the same name and he played a widowed father in the Iraq War-themed drama Grace Is Gone and as assassin Hauser in the dark political satire, War, Inc. His sister Joan Cusack and close friend Jeremy Piven appeared in many of his films, the siblings appeared as two geeks in Sixteen Candles, John as one of Farmer Teds posse and Joan as the geek with the scoliosis brace. They also co-starred in High Fidelity, Cradle Will Rock, Martian Child and War, Piven and Cusack starred in One Crazy Summer and Serendipity. Cusack made a cameo, seen from behind but speaking a line of dialogue, in Broadcast News. In 2009, Cusack played Jackson Curtis, a struggling novelist, Cusack played older Beach Boys founding member Brian Wilson in the biopic, Love and Mercy. Cusack is a fan of both the Chicago Cubs and the Chicago White Sox, for which he says he is in trouble in Chicago and he led the crowd in a performance of Take Me Out to the Ball Game at Wrigley Field. He was in attendance, along with fellow Cubs fans Bill Murray, Eddie Vedder and he has also been spotted at multiple Chicago Bears games and attended many Stanley Cup Finals games in support of the Chicago Blackhawks. According to Lisa Hampton from NBC Nightly News, Cusack has a vigorous daily wake-up routine and he told her, Im not lazy
4.
Mia Farrow
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María de Lourdes Mia Villiers Farrow is an American actress, activist and former fashion model. She first gained notice for her role as Allison MacKenzie in the soap opera Peyton Place. An early film role, as Rosemary in Roman Polanskis Rosemarys Baby, saw her nominated for a BAFTA and she went on to appear in films such as John and Mary, Follow Me. The Great Gatsby and Death on the Nile and her later film roles include Widows Peak, The Omen, Be Kind Rewind, Dark Horse and Luc Bessons Arthur series. Farrow is known for her work as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. She is involved in activities in Darfur, Chad. In 2008, Time magazine named her one of the most influential people in the world and her eldest brother, Michael Farrow, died in a plane crash in 1958, at age 19, Patrick, a sculptor, committed suicide in 2009. Her fathers family was originally from England, Farrow grew up in Beverly Hills, California, where she occasionally put on performances with toy daggers and fake blood for passing celebrity tour buses. Aged two, she made her debut in a short documentary Unusual Occupations, Film Tot Holiday. She was raised Roman Catholic and had 13 years of convent education with nuns, when she was nine, she contracted polio during an outbreak in Los Angeles reportedly affecting 500 people. She was placed in a ward for three weeks and later said the experience marked the end of my childhood. Farrow screen-tested for the role of Liesl von Trapp in The Sound of Music, the footage has been preserved, and appears on the fortieth Anniversary Edition DVD of The Sound of Music. Farrow began her career by appearing in supporting roles in several 1960s films. In 1964, she achieved stardom on the primetime soap opera Peyton Place as naive. Farrow left the series in 1966 at the urging of Frank Sinatra whom she married on July 19,1966, before her acting career, Farrow worked as a fashion model for many years. Farrows first leading role was in Rosemarys Baby, which was a critical and commercial success at the time. Her performance garnered numerous awards, including the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress, Film critic and author Stephen Farber described her performance as having an electrifying impact. Film critic Roger Ebert called the brilliant, and noted, A great deal of the credit for this achievement must go to Mia Farrow
5.
Jodie Foster
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Alicia Christian Jodie Foster is an American actress and filmmaker who has worked in films and on television. She has often cited as one of the best actresses of her generation. Foster began her career at the age of three as a model in 1965, and two years later moved to acting in television series, with the sitcom Mayberry R. F. D. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, she worked in several television series. Fosters breakthrough came in Martin Scorseses Taxi Driver, in which she played a teenage prostitute, the role garnered her a nomination for an Academy Award. She won her second Academy Award three years later for her role in the sleeper hit The Silence of the Lambs, where she played Clarice Starling, an FBI trainee investigating a serial murder case. Foster made her debut as a director the same year with the moderately successful Little Man Tate. The companys first production was Nell, in which she played the title role. Her other films in the 1990s included period drama Sommersby, Western comedy Maverick, science fiction film Contact, and period drama Anna and her second film direction, Home for the Holidays, was not well-received commercially, while critical reviews were mixed. She has focused on directing in the 2010s, directing the films The Beaver and Money Monster, as well as episodes for Netflix television series Orange is the New Black and she also starred in the film Elysium. In addition to her two Academy Awards, Foster has won three BAFTA Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, a Screen Actors Guild Award and the Cecil B DeMille Award. Foster was born on November 19,1962 in Los Angeles, as the youngest child of Evelyn Ella Brandy and her father came from a wealthy Chicago family, whose forebears included John Alden, who had arrived in North America on the Mayflower in 1620. He was a Yale University graduate and a decorated U. S. Air Force lieutenant colonel and he had already been married once and had three sons from the union before marrying Brandy in Las Vegas in 1953. Brandy Foster was of German heritage and grew up in Rockford, Foster also has Irish roots, with ancestry that can be traced back to County Cork. Before Fosters birth, she and Lucius had three children, daughters Lucinda Cindy Foster and Constance Connie Foster, and son Lucius Fisher Buddy Foster. Their marriage ended before Foster was born, and she never established a relationship with her father, following the divorce, Brandy raised the children with her partner in Los Angeles. She worked as a publicist for film producer Arthur P. Jacobs, until focusing on managing the careers of Buddy. Although Foster was officially named Alicia, her siblings began calling her Jodie, Foster was a gifted child, and learned to read at the age of three
6.
Fred Gwynne
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Frederick Hubbard Fred Gwynne was an American actor. Gwynne was best known for his roles in the 1960s sitcoms Car 54, Where Are You. and The Munsters, as well as his roles in The Cotton Club, Pet Sematary. Gwynne was born on July 10,1926, in New York City, son of Frederick Walker Gwynne, a partner in the securities firm Gwynne Brothers, and his wife, Dorothy. His paternal grandfather was an Episcopal priest born in Camus, near Strabane, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, Gwynne attended the Groton School, and then entered Harvard College where he was affiliated with Adams House. Although Gwynne grew up in Tuxedo Park, New York, he spent most of his childhood in South Carolina, Florida, and Colorado because his father traveled extensively. At Harvard, he was a member of the Fly Club, sang with the a group the Harvard Krokodiloes, was a cartoonist for the Harvard Lampoon. During World War II, Gwynne served in the United States Navy and he later studied art under the G. I. Gwynne joined the Brattle Theatre Repertory Company after graduation, then moved to New York City, in 1954 he made his first cinematic appearance playing - in an uncredited role - the laconic character Slim in the Oscar-winning film On the Waterfront opposite Marlon Brando and Lee J. Cobb. Shortly afterwards Phil Silvers sought him out for his television show because he had been impressed by Gwynnes comedic work in Mrs. McThing, bilko, who seeks prize money by entering Honnergar in an eating contest. During the two-season run of the program he met friend and later co-star. Gwynne was 6 ft 5 in tall, an attribute that contributed to his being cast as Herman Munster, for his role he had to wear 40 or 50 lbs of padding, makeup, and 4-inch asphalt-spreader boots. His face was painted a bright violet because it captured the most light on the black-and-white film, Gwynne was known for his sense of humor and retained fond recollections of Herman, saying in later life. I might as well tell you the truth, much as I try not to, I cant stop liking that fellow. After his iconic role in The Munsters, he found himself typecast, in 1969, he was cast as Jonathan Brewster in a television production of Arsenic and Old Lace. A talented vocalist, Gwynne sang in a Hallmark Hall of Fame made-for-television production, The Littlest Angel, and went on to perform in a variety of roles on stage and screen. In 1974, drawing upon his own Southern roots, he appeared in the role of Big Daddy Pollitt in the Broadway revival of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof with Elizabeth Ashley, Keir Dullea and Kate Reid. In 1975 he played the Stage Manager in Our Town at the American Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford and he returned to Broadway in 1976 as Colonel J. C. Kinkaid in two parts of A Texas Trilogy, in 1984, he tried out for the part of Henry on the show Punky Brewster
7.
Julie Kavner
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Julie Deborah Kavner is an American film and television actress, voice actress and comedian. She is best known for her role as Marge Simpson on the animated television series The Simpsons. She also voices other characters for the show, including Jacqueline Bouvier, known for her improvisation and distinctive honeyed gravel voice, Kavner was cast in her first professional acting role as Brenda Morgenstern in Rhoda in 1974. She received the Primetime Emmy Award in 1978 and three nominations for playing the character. Following Rhoda, Kavner was cast in The Tracey Ullman Show, the Tracey Ullman Show included a series of animated shorts about a dysfunctional family. Voices were needed for the shorts, and the decided to ask Kavner to voice Marge. The shorts would eventually be spun off into The Simpsons, Kavner has been described as nearly reclusive, part of her contract says that she will never have to promote The Simpsons on video. Typically cast as a woman who is supportive, sympathetic or self-effacingly funny, in 1992, she starred in This Is My Life, her first leading role in a feature film. Kavner has also appeared in roles in seven films written by Woody Allen. Kavner was born in Los Angeles, California, on September 7,1950, the daughter of Rose, a family counselor, and David Kavner, a furniture manufacturer. She decided to pursue a career in acting because There was nothing else I wanted to do and she attended Beverly Hills High School, where she was something of a loner, and unsuccessfully tried out for several plays. After graduating in 1971 she got a day job as a typist at the UCLA School of the Arts, in 1973, Kavner auditioned for a role as one of Rhoda Morgensterns sisters in The Mary Tyler Moore Show. David Davis, producer of the show, had convinced her to audition for the part, a year later, Rhoda Morgenstern became the leading character in a spin-off called Rhoda. Kavner was cast in her first professional acting role as Brenda Morgenstern, Rhoda ran on CBS from September 9,1974, to December 1978. She received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for playing Brenda and she also received four Golden Globe Award nominations. In 1975, she received Daytime Emmy Award nomination for her role in the daytime special The Girl Who Couldnt Lose. Following Rhoda, Kavner had a guest appearance on Taxi and appeared in the 1985 comedy Bad Medicine as well as the 1987 film Surrender and she appeared in the television movies Revenge of the Stepford Wives, No Other Love and A Fine Romance, and shot a television pilot. Woody Allen first saw Kavner one night while he was watching Rhoda in the 1970s and he thought that she was remarkable and later offered her a role in his 1986 film Hannah and Her Sisters
8.
John Malkovich
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John Gavin Malkovich is an American actor, director, and producer. He has appeared in more than 70 films, for his roles in Places in the Heart and In the Line of Fire, he received Academy Award nominations. In January 2017, he launched his fashion line with an online shop. Malkovich was born in Christopher, Illinois and his paternal grandparents were Croatian, hailing from Ozalj. His mother was of English, French, German and Scottish ancestry and he grew up in a large house in Benton, Illinois, where his next door neighbor was future basketball star Doug Collins. His father, Daniel Leon Malkovich, was a state director and publisher of Outdoor Illinois. His mother, Joe Anne, owned the Benton Evening News, Malkovich has three younger sisters and an older brother. Malkovich attended Logan Grade School, Webster Junior High School, during his high school years, he appeared in various plays and the musical Carousel. He was also active in a gospel group, singing in area churches. As a member of a local summer theater/comedy project, he co-starred in Jean-Claude van Itallies America Hurrah in 1972, upon graduating from high school, he entered Eastern Illinois University, and then transferred to Illinois State University, where he majored in theater. In 1976, Malkovich, along with Joan Allen, Gary Sinise and he moved to New York City in 1980 to appear in a Steppenwolf production of the Sam Shepard play True West for which he won an Obie Award. In early 1982, he appeared in A Streetcar Named Desire with Chicagos Wisdom Bridge Theatre, Malkovich then directed a Steppenwolf co-production, the 1984 revival of Lanford Wilsons Balm in Gilead, for which he received a second Obie Award and a Drama Desk Award. His Broadway debut that year was as Biff in Death of a Salesman alongside Dustin Hoffman as Willy, Malkovich won an Emmy Award for this role when the play was adapted for television by CBS in 1985. One of his first film roles was as an extra alongside Allen, Terry Kinney, George Wendt and he made his feature film debut in 1984 as Sally Fields blind boarder Mr. Will in Places in the Heart. For his portrayal of Mr. Will, Malkovich received his first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor and he also portrayed Al Rockoff in The Killing Fields. He later reprised this role for the video of Walking on Broken Glass by Annie Lennox. In 1990, he recited, in Croatian, verses of the Croatian national anthem Lijepa naša domovino in Nenad Bachs song Can We Go Higher, Malkovich starred in the 1992 film adaptation of John Steinbecks award-winning novella Of Mice and Men as Lennie alongside Gary Sinise as George. In 1994, he was nominated for another Oscar, in the same category, though he played the title role in the Charlie Kaufman-penned Being John Malkovich, he played a slight variation of himself, as indicated by the characters middle name of Horatio
9.
Kenneth Mars
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Kenneth Mars was an American television, film and voice actor, who specialized in comedic roles. He had roles in two Mel Brooks films, as the Nazi playwright Franz Liebkind in The Producers and Police Inspector Hans Wilhelm Friedrich Kemp in Young Frankenstein, Mars appeared in two seasons of Malcolm in the Middle as Otto, Franciss well-meaning but dim-witted boss. He voiced King Triton, Ariels father, in the 1989 Disney animated film The Little Mermaid and its sequel, the television series and the Kingdom Hearts series. He also did several other animated voice over film roles such as Littlefoots grandfather in the Land Before Time series, a Dinosaurs Story, and King Colbert in Thumbelina. His father, Bernard Sonny Mars, was a radio and television personality and he studied fine arts and acting at Northwestern University. After graduation he began acting in the early 1960s, then did small roles in theatre followed by TV, in 1977, he married Barbara Newborn. They had two daughters, Susannah and Rebecca, and six grandchildren, the marriage lasted until his death in 2011. Mars made his debut in 1962 as a book publisher on Car 54. He later appeared on television series as Gunsmoke, Get Smart, McMillan & Wife. He also appeared in roles, such as Will Turner. Mars played Harry Zarakartos on the Richard Benjamin-Paula Prentiss sitcom He & She and he was featured in a number of small roles in broadcasts such as the Misfits of Science pilot episode and the Star Trek, Deep Space Nine episode Shadowplay. He was cast opposite Bette Davis in Hello Mother, Goodbye, a 1973 television pilot aired by NBC but never picked up as a series. From 1970-74 Mars guest starred in five episodes of Love, American Style, although he often played comic-looking oddball characters, his appearances on Love, American Style showed he was actually a tall, good-looking man. In 2001 Mars portrayed a comedic famous but washed-up photographer on Just Shoot Me, Mars often played characters with exaggerated accents. He portrayed German characters in The Producers and Young Frankenstein, and played the Croatian musicologist Hugh Simon in Whats Up and his first broadly accented character was that of Sir Evelyn Oakleigh in the 1962 Off-Broadway revival of the Cole Porter musical Anything Goes. He also appeared in the 1962 Broadway play, The Affair, Mars cultivated a lengthy voice acting career, launching it by voicing several characters on Uncle Crocs Block. He voiced the roles of Ariels father King Triton in The Little Mermaid, a Dinosaurs Story, as well as voicing Triton in Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II. He voiced Littlefoots Grandpa Longneck in the Land Before Time series of films and he played some minor roles on the popular radio show, Adventures in Odyssey
10.
Donald Pleasence
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Donald Henry Pleasence, OBE was an English film, television, and stage actor. His most notable roles include psychiatrist Dr. Pleasence was born in Worksop, Nottinghamshire, England, the son of Alice and Thomas Stanley Pleasence. He was brought up as a strict Methodist in the village of Grimoldby. He received his education at Crosby Junior School, Scunthorpe and Ecclesfield Grammar School, in Sheffield. He served as aircraft wireless-operator with No.166 Squadron in Bomber Command, at the wars end in 1945 he was liberated from captivity and returned to England, being discharged from the R. A. F. in 1946. Returning to acting post-war Pleasence resumed working in theatre companies in Birmingham. In the 1950s Pleasences stage work included performing as Willie Mossop in a 1952 production of Hobsons Choice at the Arts Theatre, in 1960 Pleasence won acclaim as the tramp in Harold Pinters The Caretaker at the Arts Theatre, a part he would again play in a 1990 revival. Other stage work in the 1960s included Anouilhs Poor Bitos and Robert Shaws The Man in the Glass Booth, Pleasences later stage work included performing in a double bill of Pinter plays, The Basement and Tea Party, at the Duchess Theatre in 1970. Pleasence made his debut in I Want to Be a Doctor in 1946. In 1954 he received acclaim as Parsons in a BBC adaptation of George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. The adaptation was by Nigel Kneale and also starred Peter Cushing, Pleasence played Prince John in several episodes of the ITV series The Adventures of Robin Hood. He appeared twice with Patrick McGoohan in the British spy series, Danger Man, in episodes Position of Trust and Find and Return. Pleasences first appearance in America was in an episode of The Twilight Zone, in 1963, he appeared in an episode of The Outer Limits entitled The Man With the Power. He also guest starred in The fugitive in 1966, titled With Strings Attached In 1973 Pleasence played a sympathetic murderer in an episode of Columbo entitled Any Old Port in a Storm. He also portrayed a murderer captured by Mrs. Columbo in Murder is a Parlour Game, in 1978, he played a scout, Sam Purchas in an adaptation of James A. Micheners Centennial. Pleasence starred as the Reverend Septimus Harding in the BBCs 1982 TV series The Barchester Chronicles, in this series has daughter Angela Pleasence played his onscreen daughter Susan. He hosted the 1981 Halloween episode of Saturday Night Live with music guest Fear, in 1986, Pleasence joined Ronald Lacey and Polly Jo Pleasence for the television thriller Into the Darkness. Pleasence made his debut with The Beachcomber
11.
Lily Tomlin
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Mary Jean Lily Tomlin is an American actress, comedian, writer, singer, and producer. Tomlin began her career as a comedian, and performing Off-Broadway during the 1960s. Her breakout role was performing as a cast member on the variety show Rowan & Martins Laugh-In from 1969 until 1973 and she currently stars on the Netflix series Grace and Frankie as Frankie Bergstein. Her performance as Frankie garnered her nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2015 and 2016. Her other notable films include 9 to 5, All of Me, Flirting with Disaster, Tea with Mussolini, I Heart Huckabees and she is also known as the voice of Ms. Frizzle on the childrens series The Magic School Bus. She won her first Emmy Awards in 1974 for writing and producing her own television special, Tomlin won a Grammy Award for her 1972 comedy album This Is a Recording. In 2014, she was given Kennedy Center Honors and in 2017 she received the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award, Tomlin was born in Detroit, Michigan, the daughter of Lillie Mae, a housewife and nurses aide, and Guy Tomlin, a factory worker. She has a brother, Richard Tomlin, Tomlins parents were Southern Baptists who moved to Detroit from Paducah, Kentucky, during the Great Depression. She is a 1957 graduate of Cass Technical High School, Tomlin attended Wayne State University and originally studied Biology. She auditioned for a play, and it sparked her interest in a career in the theatre, after college, Tomlin began doing stand-up comedy in nightclubs in Detroit and later in New York City. She continued studying acting at the HB Studio and her first television appearance was on The Merv Griffin Show in 1965. In 1969, after a stint as a hostess on the ABC series Music Scene, Tomlin joined NBCs sketch comedy show Rowan and Martins Laugh-In. Ernestine often snorted when she let loose a barbed response or heard something salacious, she wore her hair in a 1940s hairstyle with a hairnet. Her opening lines were often the comical one ringy dingy, two ringy dingy, and, is this the party to whom I am speaking. In the sketches, Ernestine was usually at her switchboard taking calls and she occasionally called her boyfriend, Vito, a telephone repair man, or her pal Phoenicia, another operator. Tomlin reprised the role in 2016 for a TV ad as part of PETAs campaign against SeaWorld and she often ends her monologues with And thats the truth, punctuating it with a noisy raspberry. Edith Ann sits in a rocking chair with her rag doll, Doris. Edith Ann has an oversized, playfully aggressive dog named Buster and a boyfriend named Junior Phillips, Tomlin voiced her in 2 prime-time cartoon adaptations of the character that aired on ABC in 1994
12.
Danny Elfman
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Daniel Robert Danny Elfman is an American composer, singer, songwriter, and record producer. In 1976 Elfman entered the industry as an actor. In 1982 he scored his first film, Forbidden Zone, directed by his older brother Richard Elfman, among his honours are four Academy Award nominations, a Grammy for Batman, an Emmy for Desperate Housewives, the 2002 Richard Kirk Award, and the Disney Legend Award. Danny Elfman was born on May 29,1953 in Los Angeles and he is the son of Blossom Elfman, a writer and teacher, and Milton Elfman, a teacher who was in the Air Force. He was raised in a racially mixed affluent community in Baldwin Hills and he spent much of his time in the neighborhoods local movie theatre, adoring the music of such film composers as Bernard Herrmann and Franz Waxman. Stating that he hung out with the band geeks in high school, after dropping out of high school, he followed his brother Richard to France, where he performed with Le Grand Magic Circus, an avant-garde musical theater group. He was never officially a student at the CalArts, nonetheless, Elfman stated, He just laughed, and said, Sit. I continued to sit and play for a couple years, at this time, his brother Richard was forming a new musical theater group. In 1972 Richard Elfman founded the American new wave band/performance art group and they played several shows throughout the 1970s until Richard Elfman left the band to become a filmmaker. As a send-off to the original concept, Richard Elfman created the film Forbidden Zone based on their stage performances. Danny Elfman composed his first score for the film and played the role of Satan, by the time the movie was completed, they had taken the name Oingo Boingo and begun recording and touring as a rock group. From 1976 and on, it was led by Danny Elfman, the semi-theatrical music and comedy troupe had transformed into a ska-influenced new wave band in 1979, and then changed again towards a more guitar-oriented rock sound, in the late 1980s. Oingo Boingo, still led by Danny Elfman, performed as themselves in the 1986 movie Back to School, in 1985, Tim Burton and Paul Reubens invited Elfman to write the score for their first feature film, Pee-wees Big Adventure. Elfman also provided the voice for Jack Skellington in Tim Burtons The Nightmare Before Christmas. Years later he provided the voice for Bonejangles the skeleton in Corpse Bride and the voices of the Oompa-Loompas in Charlie, one of Elfmans notable compositions is The Simpsons Theme. He composed the theme in 1989, and it has been in use ever since, in 2002 Elfman composed the opening theme for the Sam Raimi Spider-Man series. This as well as altered versions made its way to all 3 Spider-Man movies, in 2004 Elfman composed Serenada Schizophrana for the American Composers Orchestra. It was conducted by John Mauceri on its recording and by Steven Sloane at its premiere at Carnegie Hall in New York City on February 23,2005, after its premiere, it was recorded in studio and released onto SACD on October 3,2006
13.
Orion Pictures
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It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists. Although it was never a large motion picture producer, Orion achieved a high reputation for Hollywood quality. Woody Allen, James Cameron, Jonathan Demme, Oliver Stone, of the films distributed by Orion, four won Academy Awards for Best Picture, Amadeus, Platoon, Dances with Wolves, and The Silence of the Lambs. Two other Orion films, Hannah and Her Sisters and Mississippi Burning, were nominated for same category. In 2013, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television, a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio, in January 1978, three executives of Transamerica -owned studio United Artists – Arthur B. Krim, Eric Pleskow, and Robert S. Benjamin - quit their jobs, Krim and Benjamin had headed UA since 1951, and subsequently turned around the then-flailing studio with a number of critical and commercial successes. Change had begun once Transamerica purchased UA in 1967, and within a decade a rift formed between Krim and TA chairman Jack Beckett regarding the studios operations, Krim suggested spinning off United Artists into a separate company, which was rejected by Beckett. The last straw came for Pleskow when he refused to collect, Krim, Benjamin, and Pleskow quit United Artists on January 13,1978, followed by the exits of senior vice presidents William Bernstein and Mike Medavoy three days later. In February 1978, the five men forged a deal with Warner Bros, the executives formed Orion Pictures Company, named after the constellation, which they claimed had five main stars. The new company intended only to projects, giving the filmmakers complete creative autonomy. Orion held a $100 million line of credit, and its films would be distributed by the Warner Bros. studio, Orion, however, was contractually given free rein over distribution and advertising, as well as the number and type of films the executives chose to invest in. In late March 1978, Orion signed its first contract, a deal with John Travoltas production company. Orion also developed a co-financing and distribution deal with EMI Films, Orions first film, A Little Romance, was released in April that year. That year, Orion released Blake Edwards 10, which became a big critical and commercial success, other films released in that period included Caddyshack, The Great Santini, a critically praised but underpromoted adaptation of a Pat Conroy novel, and Promises in the Dark. Out of the 23 films Orion released between April 1979 and December 1981, only a third of them made a profit, Orion executives were conflicted over financing big-budgeted films and passed on Raiders of the Lost Ark for that reason. By early 1982, Orion had severed its ties with Warner. As part of the deal, the rights to Orions films made up to that point were sold to Warner, Orion was now looking to have its own distribution network by acquiring another company with such capabilities. The four partners looked into Allied Artists and Embassy Pictures before settling on Filmways, Orion subsequently purchased Filmways and reorganized the flailing company
14.
Columbia Pictures
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The studio was founded in 1918 as Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and Jacks best friend Joe Brandt, released its first feature film in August 1922. It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later and its name is derived from Columbia, a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studios logo. In its early years, it was a player in Hollywood. With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the homes of the screwball comedy. In the 1930s, Columbias major contract stars were Jean Arthur, in the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studios premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s. Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio, in 1982, the studio was purchased by The Coca-Cola Company, and launched TriStar Pictures as a joint venture with HBO and CBS. Five years later, Coca-Cola spun off Columbia, which was sold to Tri-Star, after a brief period of independence with Coca-Cola maintaining a financial interest, the combined studio was acquired by Sony in 1989. It is one of the film studios in the world. It was one of the so-called Little Three among the eight major film studios of Hollywoods Golden Age, Brandt was president of CBC Film Sales, handling sales, marketing and distribution from New York along with Jack Cohn, while Harry Cohn ran production in Hollywood. The studios early productions were short subjects, Screen Snapshots, the Hall Room Boys. The start-up CBC leased space in a Poverty Row studio on Hollywoods famously low-rent Gower Street, among Hollywoods elite, the studios small-time reputation led some to joke that CBC stood for Corned Beef and Cabbage. Brandt eventually tired of dealing with the Cohn brothers, and sold his stake to Harry Cohn. In an effort to improve its image, the Cohn brothers renamed the company Columbia Pictures Corporation on January 10,1924, Cohn remained head of production as well, thus concentrating enormous power in his hands. He would run Columbia for the next 34 years, the second-longest tenure of any studio chief, even in an industry rife with nepotism, Columbia was particularly notorious for having a number of Harry and Jacks relatives in high positions. Humorist Robert Benchley called it the Pine Tree Studio, because it has so many Cohns, Columbias product line consisted mostly of moderately budgeted features and short subjects including comedies, sports films, various serials, and cartoons. Columbia gradually moved into the production of higher-budget fare, eventually joining the tier of Hollywood studios along with United Artists. Like United Artists and Universal, Columbia was an integrated company. It controlled production and distribution, it did not own any theaters, helping Columbias climb was the arrival of an ambitious director, Frank Capra
15.
Black and white
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Black and white, often abbreviated B/W or B&W, and hyphenated black-and-white when used as an adjective, is any of several monochrome forms in visual arts. Black-and-white images are not usually starkly contrasted black and white and they combine black and white in a continuum producing a range of shades of gray. Even when most studios had the capability to make color films they were not heavily utilized as using the Technicolor process was expensive, for the years 1940–1966, a separate Academy Award for Best Art Direction was given for black-and-white movies along with one for color. Television, Television program was first transmitted in black-and-white, scottish inventor John Logie Baird demonstrated the worlds first color television transmission on July 3,1928 using a mechanical process. Some color broadcasts in the US began in the 1950s, with color becoming common in industrialized nations during the late 1960s. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission settled on a color NTSC standard in 1953, color television became more widespread in the U. S. between 1963 and 1967, when the CBS and ABC networks joined NBC in broadcasting full color schedules. Canada began airing color television in 1966 while the United Kingdom began to use a different color system from July 1967 known as PAL. The Republic Of Ireland followed in 1970, in China, black and white television sets were the norm until as late as the 1990s, color TVs not outselling them until about 1989. While seldom used now, many consumer camcorders have the ability to record in black-and-white. Photography, Photographs were either black-and-white or shades of sepia, color photography was originally rare and expensive and again often containing inaccurate hues. Color photography became more common from the mid-20th century, Today, black-and-white is a niche market for photographers who use the medium for artistic purposes. This can take the form of film or digital conversion to grayscale. For amateur use certain companies such as Kodak manufactured black-and-white disposable cameras until 2009, also, certain films are produced today which give black-and-white images using the ubiquitous C41 color process. Printing press, Most American newspapers were black-and-white until the early 1980s, The New York Times, some claim that USA Today was the major impetus for the change to color. In the UK, color was only introduced from the mid-1980s. Even today, many newspapers restrict color photographs to the front, similarly, daily comic strips in newspapers were traditionally black-and-white with color reserved for Sunday strips. Sometimes color is reserved for the cover, magazines such as Jet magazine were either all or mostly black-and-white until the end of the 2000s when it became all-color. Manga are typically published in black-and-white although now it is part of its image, many school yearbooks are still entirely or mostly in black-and-white
16.
Kaufman Astoria Studios
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The Kaufman Astoria Studios is a historic movie studio located in the Astoria section of the New York City borough of Queens. It is home to New York Citys only backlot, which opened in December 2013, the studio was originally built by Famous Players-Lasky in 1920 to provide the company with a facility close to the Broadway theater district. Many features and short subjects were filmed there between 1920 and 1933, the first two Marx Brothers films were shot there, The Cocoanuts and Animal Crackers, before the team moved to Los Angeles. The first Sherlock Holmes sound film, The Return of Sherlock Holmes, was made at the studio by the British producer Basil Dean. The Dance of Life was a film shot on sound stages. It was also known as Astoria Studio and Paramount Studio, all the films starring Tango icon Carlos Gardel made in the United States were shot at the Kaufman Astoria. The property was designated a historic district and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The district encompasses six contributing buildings, in 1982, the property was taken over by real estate developer George S. Kaufman and renamed Kaufman Astoria Studios. Motion pictures filmed there include the musicals Hair and The Wiz, in 1984, The Jacksons music video Torture was filmed there as well. The 1986 movie The Money Pit starring Tom Hanks and Shelley Long, many sequences, especially the visitation sequence in 2002 TV mini series Angels in America, were also shot there. A2009 remake, The Taking of Pelham 123, in 2011, the remake of Arthur filmed a few scenes there. Television shows filmed at the studio include Sesame Street, Onion News Network, Johnny and the Sprites, Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego, and its successor Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego. WFAN, a sports radio station owned by CBS, was formerly based at the studio before moving to lower Manhattan in the fall of 2009. Kaufman Astoria Studios has seven sound stages including the new Stage K, in 2008, Marty Robinson, who plays Aloysius Snuffleupagus, Telly Monster, and Slimy the Worm on Sesame Street married Annie Evans, a writer for the show on the Sesame Street set. The ceremony was performed on the steps of 123 Sesame Street, on December 3,2013, a 34,800 square foot backlot was dedicated. It is the studio backlot in New York City. In 2014 Kaufman Astoria Studios has announced plans to build a new 18, Kaufman Astoria Studios recently contracted to have a Photovoltaic Array installed on the roof of their facility. The project was developed by Lionshead Energy of Queens, NY, while the installation is being handled by Solar Landscape, based in Neptune, notes Media related to Kaufman Astoria Studios at Wikimedia Commons Official website Historic American Buildings Survey No
17.
German Expressionism
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German Expressionism refers to a number of related creative movements beginning in Germany before the First World War that reached a peak in Berlin during the 1920s. These developments in Germany were part of a larger Expressionist movement in north and central European culture in such as architecture, dance, painting, sculpture. This article deals primarily with developments in German Expressionist cinema before, the German Expressionist movement was initially confined to Germany due to the isolation the country experienced during World War I. In 1916, the government had banned foreign films, the demand from theaters to generate films led to an increase in domestic film production from 24 films in 1914 to 130 films in 1918. With inflation also on the rise, Germans were attending films more freely because they knew that their moneys value was constantly diminishing, by the time the 1916 ban on imports was lifted, Germany had become a part of the international film industry. Various European cultures of the 1920s embraced an ethic of change, the plots and stories of the Expressionist films often dealt with madness, insanity, betrayal and other intellectual topics triggered by the experiences of World War I. Later films often categorized as part of the history of German Expressionism include Metropolis and M. This trend was a reaction against realism. Its practitioners used extreme distortions in expression to show an inner emotional reality rather than what is on the surface, the extreme anti-realism of Expressionism was short-lived, fading away after only a few years. However, the themes of Expressionism were integrated into films of the 1920s and 1930s, resulting in an artistic control over the placement of scenery, light. This dark, moody school of film making was brought to the United States when the Nazis gained power, Nazi film theorist Fritz Hippler though was a supporter of expressionism. Two further films produced in Nazi Germany using the expressionist style were “Das Stahltier” in 1935 by Willy Zielke, das Leben eines Titanen” in 1940 by Curt Oertel. Two genres that were influenced by Expressionism are horror film and film noir. Carl Laemmle and Universal Studios had made a name for themselves by producing such famous films of the silent era as Lon Chaneys The Phantom of the Opera. The German silent cinema was arguably far ahead of Hollywood during the same period, the cinema outside Germany benefited both from the emigration of German film makers and from German expressionist developments in style and technique that were apparent on the screen. The new look and techniques impressed other contemporary film makers, artists and cinematographers, in 1924, Alfred Hitchcock was sent by Gainsborough Pictures to work as an assistant director and art director at the UFA Babelsberg Studios in Berlin on the film The Blackguard. The immediate effect of the environment in Germany can be seen in his expressionistic set designs for that film. Hitchcock later said, I. acquired a strong German influence by working at the UFA studios Berlin, German expressionism would continue to influence Hitchcock throughout his career
18.
Fritz Lang
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Friedrich Christian Anton Fritz Lang was an Austrian-German filmmaker, screenwriter, and occasional film producer and actor. One of the best-known émigrés from Germanys school of Expressionism, he was dubbed the Master of Darkness by the British Film Institute. His most famous include the groundbreaking futuristic Metropolis and the also influential M. Lang was born in Vienna as the son of Anton Lang, an architect and construction company manager. He was baptized on December 28,1890, at the Schottenkirche in Vienna, Langs parents were of Moravian descent and practicing Roman Catholics. His parents took their religion seriously and were dedicated to raising Fritz as a Catholic, Lang frequently had Catholic-influenced themes in his films. Late in life, he described himself as born Catholic, after finishing school, Lang briefly attended the Technical University of Vienna, where he studied civil engineering and eventually switched to art. In 1910 he left Vienna to see the world, traveling throughout Europe and Africa and later Asia, in 1913, he studied painting in Paris, France. At the outbreak of World War I, Lang returned to Vienna and volunteered for service in the Austrian army and fought in Russia and Romania. While recovering from his injuries and shell shock in 1916, he wrote some scenarios, Langs writing stint was brief, as he soon started to work as a director at the German film studio Ufa, and later Nero-Film, just as the Expressionist movement was building. In 1920, he met his wife, the writer. Considered by many scholars to be his masterpiece, M is a disturbing story of a child murderer who is hunted down. M remains a work, it was remade in 1951 by Joseph Losey, but this version had little impact on audiences. During the climactic scene in M, Lang allegedly threw Peter Lorre down a flight of stairs in order to give more authenticity to Lorres battered look. Lang, who was known for being hard to work with, epitomized the stereotype of the tyrannical German film director and his wearing a monocle added to the stereotype. At the end of 1932, Lang started filming The Testament of Dr. Mabuse, adolf Hitler came to power in January 1933, and by March 30, the new regime banned it as an incitement to public disorder. Testament is sometimes deemed an anti-Nazi film as Lang had put phrases used by the Nazis into the mouth of the title character. Lang had stated that it was during this meeting that he had decided to leave for Paris –, Lang has stated that he fled that very evening
19.
G. W. Pabst
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Georg Wilhelm Pabst, known professionally as G. W. Pabst, was an Austrian theatre and film director. Pabst was born in Raudnitz, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary, the son of a railroad official, while growing up in Vienna, he studied drama at the Academy of Decorative Arts and initially began his career as a stage actor in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. In 1910, Pabst traveled to the United States, where he worked as an actor and director at the German Theater in New York City, when World War I began, Pabst returned to Europe, where he was interned in a Prisoner-of-war camp in Brest. While imprisoned, Pabst organised a group at the camp. Upon his release in 1919, he returned to Vienna, where he director of the Neue Wiener Bühne. Pabst began his career as a director at the behest of Carl Froelich who hired Pabst as an assistant director. He directed his first film, The Treasure, in 1923 and he developed a talent for discovering and developing the talents of actresses, including Greta Garbo, Asta Nielsen, Louise Brooks, and Leni Riefenstahl. He also co-directed with Arnold Fanck a mountain film entitled The White Hell of Pitz Palu starring Leni Riefenstahl, after the coming of sound, he made a trilogy of films that secured his reputation, Westfront 1918, The Threepenny Opera with Lotte Lenya, and Kameradschaft. Pabst also filmed three versions of Pierre Benoits novel LAtlantide in 1932, in German, English, and French, titled Die Herrin von Atlantis, The Mistress of Atlantis, in 1933, Pabst directed Don Quixote, once again in German, English, and French versions. After making A Modern Hero in the U. S. and Mademoiselle Docteur in France, Pabst returned to Austria and Germany in 1938 to take care of family business, during World War II, he made two films in Germany, Komödianten and Paracelsus. In 1955, he directed the first post-war German feature film to feature the character of Adolf Hitler, on 29 May 1967, Pabst died in Vienna at the age of 82. He was interred at the Zentralfriedhof in Vienna,1941, Venice Film Festival, Gold Medal of the Biennale for Best Director for his film Komödianten Max Deutsch, composer Notes Further reading Amengual, Barthélémy. Boston, Twayne Publishers,1977 Baxter, John, Pabst in International Directory of Films and Filmmakers. Firenze, La Nuova Italia,1983 Jacobsen, Wolfgang G. W, berlin, Argen,1997 Kagelmann, Andre and Keiner, Reinhold. Ihre letzen Tage an der Westfront 1918, une histoire psychologique du cinéma allemand, Paris, Flammarion,1987 Mitry, Jean. Histoire du cinéma, Art et industrie Paris, Editions Universitaires – J. P. Delarge, 1967–1980 Rentschler, New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press,1990 Pabst, Georg Wilhelm. Servitude et grandeur de Hollywood in Le rôle intellectuel du cinéma, Paris, pp. 251–255 Van den Berghe, Marc. Le film et sa problématique vus par la Petite Illustration, Bruxelles,200 G. W. Pabst at the Internet Movie Database G. W. Pabst at Find a Grave
20.
F. W. Murnau
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Friedrich Wilhelm F. W. Murnau was a German film director. Murnau was greatly influenced by Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Shakespeare and Ibsen plays he had seen at the age of 12, during World War I he served as a company commander at the eastern front and was in the German air force, surviving several crashes without any severe injuries. One of Murnaus acclaimed works is the 1922 film Nosferatu, an adaptation of Bram Stokers Dracula, although not a commercial success due to copyright issues with Stokers novel, the film is considered a masterpiece of Expressionist film. He later directed the 1924 film The Last Laugh, as well as a 1926 interpretation of Goethes Faust and he later emigrated to Hollywood in 1926, where he joined the Fox Studio and made three films, Sunrise,4 Devils and City Girl. The first of three is widely regarded as one of the greatest films ever made. In 1931 Murnau travelled to Bora Bora to make the film Tabu with documentary film pioneer Robert J. Flaherty, who left after disputes with Murnau. Of the 21 films Murnau directed, eight are considered to be completely lost, one reel of his feature Marizza, genannt die Schmuggler-Madonna survives. This leaves only 12 films surviving in their entirety, Murnau was born in Bielefeld, Province of Westphalia, and grew up in Kassel from the time he was seven. He had two brothers, Bernhard and Robert, and two stepsisters, Ida and Anna, Murnaus mother Otilie Volbracht was the second wife of his father Heinrich Plumpe, the owner of a cloth factory in the north-western part of Germany. Their villa was often turned into a stage for plays, directed by Murnau. He took the name Murnau from the town of that name, the 6 ft 11 in director was said to have an icy, imperious disposition and an obsession with film. He soon became a friend of Franz Marc, Else Lasker-Schüler, in World War I Murnau served as a company commander at the eastern front. Murnau joined the German air force in northern France two years later and survived eight crashes without severe injuries and he landed in Switzerland where he was interned and won a prize for the best production-concept. After World War I ended, Murnau returned to Germany where he established his own film studio with actor Conrad Veidt. His first feature-length film, The Boy in Blue, an inspired by the famous Thomas Gainsborough painting, was released in 1919. He explored the theme of dual personalities, much like Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, in 1920s Der Janus-Kopf starring Veidt. Murnaus most famous film is Nosferatu, a 1922 adaptation of Bram Stokers Dracula German stage actor Max Schreck as the vampire Count Orlok, Stokers widow sued for copyright infringement. Murnau lost the lawsuit and all prints of the film were ordered to be destroyed, also in Murnaus filmography was The Last Laugh, written by Carl Mayer and starring Emil Jannings
21.
Franz Kafka
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Franz Kafka was a Prague German-language novelist and short story writer, widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His best known works include Die Verwandlung, Der Process, the term Kafkaesque has entered the English language to describe situations like those in his writing. Kafka was born into a middle-class, German-speaking Jewish family in Prague and he trained as a lawyer, and after completing his legal education he was employed with an insurance company, forcing him to relegate writing to his spare time. Over the course of his life, Kafka wrote hundreds of letters to family and close friends, including his father, with whom he had a strained and he became engaged to several women but never married. He died in 1924 at the age of 40 from tuberculosis and his work went on to influence a vast range of writers, critics, artists, and philosophers during the 20th century. Kafka was born near the Old Town Square in Prague, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and his family were middle-class Ashkenazi Jews. His father, Hermann Kafka, was the child of Jakob Kafka, a shochet or ritual slaughterer in Osek. Hermann brought the Kafka family to Prague, after working as a travelling sales representative, he eventually became a fancy goods and clothing retailer who employed up to 15 people and used the image of a jackdaw as his business logo. Kafkas mother, Julie, was the daughter of Jakob Löwy, a retail merchant in Poděbrady. Hermann and Julie had six children, of whom Franz was the eldest, franzs two brothers, Georg and Heinrich, died in infancy before Franz was seven, his three sisters were Gabriele, Valerie and Ottilie. They all died during the Holocaust of World War II, Valli was deported to the Łódź Ghetto in Poland in 1942, but that is the last documentation of her. On business days, both parents were absent from the home, with Julie Kafka working as many as 12 hours each day helping to manage the family business, consequently, Kafkas childhood was somewhat lonely, and the children were reared largely by a series of governesses and servants. The dominating figure of Kafkas father had a significant influence on Kafkas writing, the Kafka family had a servant girl living with them in a cramped apartment. In November 1913 the family moved into an apartment, although Ellie. In early August 1914, just after World War I began, both Ellie and Valli also had children. Franz at age 31 moved into Vallis former apartment, quiet by contrast, from 1889 to 1893, Kafka attended the Deutsche Knabenschule German boys elementary school at the Masný trh/Fleischmarkt, now known as Masná Street. His Jewish education ended with his Bar Mitzvah celebration at the age of 13, Kafka never enjoyed attending the synagogue and went with his father only on four high holidays a year. German was the language of instruction, but Kafka also spoke and he studied the latter at the gymnasium for eight years, achieving good grades
22.
Vigilante
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A vigilante is a civilian or organization acting in a law enforcement capacity without legal authority. Vigilante justice is often rationalized by the concept that proper legal forms of punishment are either nonexistent, insufficient. Vigilantes normally see the government as ineffective in enforcing the law, persons alleged to be escaping the law or above the law are sometimes the victims of vigilantism. Vigilante conduct involves certain degrees of violence, Vigilantes could assault targets verbally and/or physically, damage and/or vandalize property, or even kill individuals. In a number of cases, vigilantism has involved targets with mistaken identities, in Britain in the early 2000s, there were reports of vandalism, assaults, and verbal abuse towards people wrongly accused of being pedophiles, following the murder of Sarah Payne. In Guyana in 2008, Hardel Haynes was beaten to death by a mob who mistook him for a thief, Vigilantism and the vigilante ethos existed long before the word vigilante was introduced into the English language. There are conceptual and psychological parallels between the Dark Age and medieval aristocratic custom of private war or vendetta and the modern vigilante philosophy, when Jacob protested that their actions might bring trouble upon him and his family, the brothers replied Should he treat our sister as a harlot. Similarly, in 2 Samuel 13, Absalom kills Amnon after King David, their father, fails to punish Amnon for raping Tamar, recourse to personal vengeance and dueling was considered a class privilege of the sword-bearing aristocracy before the formation of the modern centralized liberal-bureaucratic nation-state. In addition, sociologists have posited a complex legal and ethical interrelationship between vigilante acts and rebellion and tyrannicide, in the Western literary and cultural tradition, characteristics of vigilantism have often been vested in folkloric heroes and legendary outlaws. Vigilantism in literature, folklore and legend is connected to the issues of dissatisfied morality, injustice, the failures of authority. Formally-defined vigilantism arose in the early American colonies and these people would assault accused thieves, rapists and murderers. When they assaulted these thieves, they would steal their gold, other than reports and newspapers, there are not many records of vigilantes. Few names or groups are known, later in the United States, vigilante groups arose in poorly governed frontier areas where criminals preyed upon the citizenry with impunity. The death of Joseph Smith, Jr. on June 27,1844, in 1851 and 1856, San Francisco Vigilance Movement sought to eliminate crime, an element of this movement focused on immigrants like the Sydney Ducks. This touched off a cycle of retaliatory battles and raids by the two sides in which some 29 people were killed. In 1858 San Luis Obispo vigilantes ended the reign of the bandit gang of Pío Linares on El Camino Real between San Luis and Santa Barbara. In October 1862 in northern Texas, several Unionist sympathizers were arrested and taken to Gainesville, seven were tried and hanged, and 14 were hanged without trial. A few weeks later, Unionist sympathizers were hanged without trial across northern Texas, known as the Great Hanging at Gainesville, it may have been the deadliest act of vigilante violence in U. S. history
23.
Serial killer
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Different authorities apply different criteria when designating serial killers, while most set a threshold of three murders, others extend it to four or lessen it to two. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, for example, defines serial killing as a series of two or more murders, committed as separate events, usually, but not always, by one offender acting alone. The murders may be attempted or completed in a fashion. Serial killing is not the same as mass murdering, nor is it spree killing, however, there is ample evidence the term was used in Europe and the U. S. earlier. The German term and concept were coined by the influential Ernst Gennat, psychopathic behavior that is consistent with traits common to some serial killers include sensation seeking, a lack of remorse or guilt, impulsivity, the need for control, and predatory behavior. They were often abused—emotionally, physically and/or sexually—by a family member, a disproportionate number exhibit one, two, or all three of the Macdonald triad of predictors of future violent behavior, Many are fascinated with fire setting. They are involved in activity, especially in children who have not reached sexual maturity. More than 60 percent, or simply a large proportion, wet their beds beyond the age of 12 and they were frequently bullied or socially isolated as children or adolescents. For example, Henry Lee Lucas was ridiculed as a child, kenneth Bianchi was teased as a child because he urinated in his pants, suffered twitching, and as a teenager was ignored by his peers. Some were involved in petty crimes, such as fraud, theft, vandalism, often, they have trouble staying employed and tend to work in menial jobs. The FBI, however, states, Serial murderers often seem normal, have families and/or a steady job, other sources state they often come from unstable families. Studies have suggested that serial killers generally have an average or low-average IQ, although they are often described, a sample of 202 IQs of serial killers had a median IQ of 89. There are exceptions to these criteria, however, for example, Harold Shipman was a successful professional. He was considered a pillar of the community, he even won a professional award for a childrens asthma clinic and was interviewed by Granada Televisions World in Action. Dennis Nilsen was an ex-soldier turned civil servant and trade unionist who had no criminal record when arrested. Neither was known to have exhibited many of the tell-tale signs, vlado Taneski, a crime reporter, was a career journalist who was caught after a series of articles he wrote gave clues that he had murdered people. Russell Williams was a successful and respected career Royal Canadian Air Force Colonel who was convicted of murdering two women, along with fetish burglaries and rapes, Many serial killers have faced similar problems in their childhood development. Family, or lack thereof, is the most prominent part of a childs development because it is what the child can identify with on a regular basis
24.
William H. Macy
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William Hall Macy, Jr. is an American actor, screenwriter, teacher and theater director. His film career has been mostly on his appearances in small, independent films. Macy has described himself as sort of a Middle American, WASPy, Macy has won two Emmy Awards and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as being nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Since 2011, he has played Frank Gallagher, a character in the Showtime television series Shameless. Macy and actress Felicity Huffman have been married since 1997, Macy was born in Miami, Florida, and grew up in Georgia and Maryland. His father, William Hall Macy, Sr and his mother, Lois, was a war widow who met Macys father after her first husband died in 1943, Macy has described her as a Southern belle. Macy graduated from Allegany High School in Cumberland, Maryland in 1968, at Goddard, he first met playwright David Mamet. After graduating from Goddard in 1971, Macy moved to Chicago, Illinois, working as a bartender to pay the rent. Within a year, he and David Mamet, among others, founded St. Nicholas Theater Company, while in Chicago in his twenties, he did a TV commercial. He was required to join AFTRA in order to do the commercial, and received his SAG card within a year, Macy spent time in Los Angeles, before moving to New York City in 1980, where he had roles in over 50 Off Broadway and Broadway plays. One of his early roles was as a turtle named Socrates in the direct-to-video film The Boy Who Loved Trolls. He also had a role as a hospital orderly on the sitcom Kate & Allie in the fourth-season episode General Hospital. He has appeared in films that Mamet wrote and/or directed, such as House of Games, Things Change, Homicide, Oleanna, Wag the Dog, State and Main. Macy may be best known for his role in Fargo. The role helped boost his career and recognizability, though at the expense of nearly confining him to a narrow typecast of a man down on his luck. In 2003, he won a Peabody Award and two Emmy Awards, one for starring in the role, and one as co-writer. Door to Door is a based on the true story of Bill Porter. His work on ER and Sports Night has also recognized with Emmy nominations
25.
James Rebhorn
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James Robert Rebhorn was an American character actor who appeared in over 100 films, television series, and plays. At the time of his death, he had recurring roles in the current series White Collar and he also appeared in films such as Scent of a Woman, Carlitos Way, Independence Day, My Cousin Vinny, and Meet the Parents. Rebhorn was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Ardell Frances and James Harry Rebhorn, Rebhorn moved to Anderson, Indiana, as a child and graduated from Madison Heights High School. A devout Lutheran, he attended Wittenberg University in Springfield, Ohio, while there, he was a member of the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. Richard S. Huffman was one of his instructors and directed him in a role in Aristophanes Lysistrata as well as Molières Tricks of Scapin. After graduating in 1970, Rebhorn moved to New York City, where he earned a Master of Fine Arts in acting from Columbia Universitys School of the Arts, an early performance was in Butterflies are Free at the Peterborough Players in New Hampshire in 1974. Rebhorn played Peter Latham in Forty Carats at the GasLight Dinner Theatre in Salt Lake City in the 1970s and he was known both for portraying WASP stereotypes, lawyers, politicians, doctors, and military men, as well as portraying individuals with criminal behavior. Tyler in White Squall, and a magnate in The Talented Mr. Ripley. One of his best known performances came in the popular 1996 film Independence Day and he acted in Scent of a Woman, and also played an expert witness in My Cousin Vinny. He appeared in Carlitos Way the following year, Rebhorn also played an FBI Agent in the 1994 film Guarding Tess. An earlier daytime role was as John Brady in Texas from 1981 to 1982, also in 1991, he played the role of Ezra in the television movie/pilot Plymouth. Another performance was a cameo in Madonnas video for her single Bad Girl along with Christopher Walken, in 1994, he appeared in an episode of the Nickelodeon series The Adventures of Pete & Pete, titled Farewell, My Little Viking as Mr. McFlemp. In 1998, he played the District Attorney in the two part finale of Seinfeld. He also appeared in supporting roles in Regarding Henry, The Game, The Talented Mr. Ripley, in 2004, he appeared in the television miniseries Reversible Errors. His role in the short lived and controversial NBC drama The Book of Daniel cast him as the father of the title character, more recently, he appeared in the Showtime series Homeland as Carrie Mathisons father. Rebhorn also appeared as a judge in Baby Mama, in the movie The Box, Rebhorn portrayed a NASA scientist. He had recurring roles on the series White Collar as Special Agent Reese Hughes, and also as Frank Mathison, Rebhorn co starred in the Comedy Central sitcom Big Lake in 2010. He played Max Kentons uncle in the movie Real Steel in 2011 and he starred as Oren in the miniseries Coma
26.
John C. Reilly
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John Christopher Reilly is an American actor, comedian, singer, screenwriter, and producer. He has performed in fifty films, including Boogie Nights, Magnolia, Gangs of New York, Talladega Nights, Step Brothers, Wreck-It Ralph. For his performance in Chicago, Reilly was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the corresponding Golden Globe Award. He was later nominated for a Grammy Award and a second Golden Globe Award for Walk Hard, the title song of Walk Hard, The Dewey Cox Story, performed by Reilly in the film. Since 2010, Reilly has been starring in the television series Check It Out. with Dr. Steve Brule, playing a character originated on Tim and Eric Awesome Show. Reilly performs with his band John Reilly and Friends and worked as an actor in True West. Reilly was born in Chicago, Illinois, the fifth of six children and his father was of Irish and Scottish descent, and his mother was of Lithuanian ancestry. His father ran an industrial supply company. Reilly has described himself as being mischievous during his childhood, highlighting an event when he was 12 in which he, Reilly, though he no longer professes Catholicism, was raised Roman Catholic and attended Brother Rice High School. He is an alumnus of DePaul University in Chicago, Reilly made his film debut in the Brian De Palma war film Casualties of War as PFC Herbert Hatcher in 1989. Although his role was written as a one, De Palma liked Reillys performance so much that the role was significantly expanded. He played Buck, Tom Cruises characters NASCAR car chief in Tony Scotts Days of Thunder in 1990 and he continued to appear in several significant supporting roles, including 1992s Hoffa and 1993s Whats Eating Gilbert Grape. The following year, Reilly was cast in the romantic comedy Never Been Kissed, in 2002, he appeared in three of the years Academy Award for Best Picture nominees, Chicago, Gangs of New York and The Hours. For Chicago, he played Amos Hart, Roxannes trusting husband and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, Reilly appeared in Martin Scorseses 2004 Howard Hughes biopic, The Aviator, as Noah Dietrich, Howard Hughes trusted business partner. Of the role Reilly said, “Noah was almost a father figure to Hughes. Howard would have a scheme, and it was Noah who had to say, in 2007, Reilly starred as the title character in parody bio-pic Walk Hard, The Dewey Cox Story, singing various songs, parodying Johnny Cash, Ray Charles and others. The next year, Reilly reunited with Ferrell to star in Step Brothers, in 2008, he was among the many notable actors to perform in the online political musical, Proposition 8 – The Musical. Reilly voiced himself in the The Simpsons episode Any Given Sundance and co-starred alongside Sean William Scott in The Promotion in 2008
27.
Wallace Shawn
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Wallace Michael Shawn is an American actor, voice actor, playwright, essayist and comedian. He also starred in a variety of series, including Gossip Girl and recurring appearances as Grand Nagus Zek in Star Trek. His plays include The Designated Mourner, Aunt Dan and Lemon and he also co-wrote the screenplay for My Dinner with Andre with Andre Gregory, and he scripted Vanya on 42nd Street, a film adaptation of Anton Chekovs play Uncle Vanya. His book Essays was published in 2009 by Haymarket Books and his latest film from June 2014 was A Master Builder based on the play by Henrik Ibsen. Shawn was born on November 12,1943 in New York City, to William Shawn, the editor of The New Yorker. Shawn attended The Putney School, a liberal arts high school in Putney, Vermont. He studied philosophy, politics and economics, as well as Latin, at Magdalen College, Oxford and he also traveled to India as an English teacher, on a Fulbright program. He then taught Latin in Manhattan but, since 1979, has made a living primarily as an actor, Shawns early plays, such as Marie and Bruce, portrayed emotional and sexual conflicts in an absurdist style, with language that was both lyrical and violent. In a conversation with Andre Gregory, parts of which were used to create My Dinner with Andre and his 1977 play A Thought in Three Parts caused controversy in London when the production was investigated by a vice squad and attacked in Parliament after allegations of pornographic content. His later plays became more political, drawing parallels between the psychology of his characters and the behavior of governments and social classes. Among the best-known of these are Aunt Dan and Lemon and The Designated Mourner, in 1997, Shawn discussed the political nature of Aunt Dan and Lemon, The Fever and The Designated Mourner in an interview. Shawns four plays have been adapted into films, The Designated Mourner, Marie and Bruce, My Dinner with Andre, oscar winner Vanessa Redgrave stars in The Fever, which first aired on HBO on June 13,2007. Shawn is credited as translator of Bertolt Brechts The Threepenny Opera and he appears briefly in voice-over during Song about the Futility of Human Endeavor. He published his first nonfiction work, Essays, on September 1,2009 and it is a collection of essays that expresses his perceptions of politics and other subjects that reflect an aspect of his life. Shawns involvement with theater began in 1970 when he met Andre Gregory, as a stage actor, he has appeared mostly in his own plays and other projects with Gregory. He made his debut in 1979, playing Diane Keatons former husband in Woody Allens Manhattan. His best-known film roles include Earl in Strange Invaders and Mr. Hall in Clueless, after seeing his performance in My Dinner With Andre, casting director Janet Hirshenson was so fond of his delivery of the word inconceivable that she cast him as Vizzini in The Princess Bride. Other roles include Baron Von Westphalen in Southland Tales, on Gossip Girl as Cyrus Rose, Shawn quite often appears on television, where he has appeared in many genres and series
28.
Kurtwood Smith
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Kurtwood Larson Smith is an American television and film actor. He is known for playing Clarence Boddicker in RoboCop and Red Forman in That 70s Show, as well as for his appearances in science fiction films. He also starred in the season of 24. Smith was born in New Lisbon, Wisconsin, the son of Mabel Annette Lund, smiths mother was a fan of a country singer named Kurt in the early 1940s. However, she thought Kurt Smith was too short a name, Smith has said that he is likely the only Kurtwood. Smith grew up in the San Fernando Valley and graduated from Canoga Park High School of Canoga Park, California in 1961, Smith graduated from San Jose State College in 1965 with a B. A. and Stanford University in 1969 with an M. F. A. Onstage, Smith won three Drama-Logue Awards for his performances in Billy Budd, Idiots Delight, and Green Grow the Lilacs. After That 70s Show ended, Smith played Senator Blaine Mayer in the season of the action thriller 24. He enjoyed a role as a rogue FBI agent in Seasons 3–5 of the NBC series Medium. More recently, he played the main character Henry Langston in the ABC sci-fi/drama Resurrection which ran for two seasons, before That 70s Show his other roles included playing Mr. Sue on Foxs espionage comedy The New Adventures of Beans Baxter from 1987–89. He also starred as the father of Robert Sean Leonards Neil in 1989s Dead Poets Society. He also has a voice acting résumé, appearing in computer games such as Fallout Tactics, Brotherhood of Steel, and FreeSpace 2. He played the voice of Bob Johnson on Squirrel Boy and provided the voice of Kanjar Ro in Green Lantern, First Flight, Smith married Cecilia Souza in 1964. Smith then married Joan Pirkle in 1988, Smith has one daughter, Laurel Garner, and one son, Shannon Smith. Smith now lives in Glendale, California, Kurtwood Smith at the Internet Movie Database Kurtwood Smith at the TCM Movie Database Kurtwood Smith at AllMovie
29.
David Ogden Stiers
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He is also known for the role of District Attorney Michael Reston in several Perry Mason TV movies. Stiers was born in Peoria, Illinois, the son of Margaret Elizabeth and Kenneth Truman Stiers and he attended Urbana High School at the same time as film critic Roger Ebert. He moved to Eugene, Oregon where he graduated from North Eugene High School, Stiers studied at the Juilliard School. During his studies, Stiers was mentored by actor John Houseman, Stiers first appeared in the Broadway production The Magic Show in 1974 in the minor role of Feldman. Subsequent early credits include The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Kojak, Stiers also appeared in the pilot of Charlies Angels as the teams chief back-up. In 1977, Stiers joined the cast of the CBS-TV sitcom M*A*S*H, as Major Charles Emerson Winchester III, Stiers filled the void created by the departure of actor Larry Linvilles Frank Burns character. In contrast to the buffoonish Burns, Winchester was a well-spoken and talented surgeon who presented a different type of foil to Alan Aldas Hawkeye Pierce, Burns usually served as the butt of practical jokes instigated by Pierce or Hunnicutt, and his surgical skills were often harshly criticized. At times, however, Winchester could align himself with Pierce and Hunnicutt and held considerable admiration for his commanding officer, for his portrayal of the pompous but nonetheless multifaceted Boston aristocrat, Stiers received two Emmy Award nominations. In 1984, he portrayed United States Olympic Committee founder, William Milligan Sloane in the NBC miniseries, The First Olympics, beginning in 1985, Stiers made his first of eight appearances in Perry Mason made-for-TV movies as District Attorney Michael Reston. He had guest appearances on ALF and Matlock and he appeared in two unsuccessful television projects, Love & Money and Justice League of America. In 2002, Stiers started a role as the Reverend Purdy on the successful USA Network series The Dead Zone with Anthony Michael Hall. In 2006, he was cast as the recurring character Oberoth in Stargate Atlantis, Stiers has provided voice work for dozens of film and television projects. His first work was on one of George Lucas earliest films, in 1992, he voiced Mr. Piccolo in the animated English-dubbed version of Porco Rosso. He lent his voice to the direct-to-video Batman, Mystery of the Batwoman as the Penguin, Stiers did voice work for Solovar in a two-part episode The Brave and The Bold in Justice League and voiced Solovar again in a Justice League Unlimited episode Dead Reckoning. He voiced characters in two of Disneys animated TV series, Gryzlikoff from Darkwing Duck, and Mr. Jolly from Teachers Pet and he voiced the king and prime minister in the 2004 short film The Cat That Looked at a King. In Hoodwinked, the animated movie based on Little Red Riding Hood, Stiers voiced the role of Nicky Flippers. He voiced Pops father, Mr. Maellard, in the animated TV series Regular Show, which debuted in 2010. Stiers had voices in video games, including Icewind Dale, Kingdom Hearts II, Kingdom Hearts, Birth by Sleep, as Jeff Zandi in Uru, Ages Beyond Myst
30.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
31.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
32.
Zelig
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Zelig is a 1983 American mockumentary film written and directed by Woody Allen and starring Allen and Mia Farrow. Allen plays Leonard Zelig, an enigma who, out of his desire to fit in and be liked. The film, presented as a documentary, recounts his intense period of celebrity in the 1920s, Zelig was photographed and narrated in the style of 1920s black-and-white newsreels, which are interwoven with archival footage from the era, and re-enactments of real historical events. Color segments from the present day include interviews of real and fictional personages, including Saul Bellow, Zelig has garnered a favorable reception from critics since its release. Set in the 1920s and 1930s, the focuses on Leonard Zelig. He is first observed at a party by F and he soon gains international fame as a human chameleon. Through the use of hypnotism, she discovers Zelig yearns for approval so strongly he physically changes to fit in with those around him, Dr. Dr. Fletcher realizes she is falling in love with Zelig. Because of the coverage of the case, both patient and doctor become part of the popular culture of their time. However, fame is the cause of their division, the same society that made Zelig a hero destroys him. Zeligs illness returns, and he tries to fit in once more, numerous women claim he married them, and he disappears. Dr. Fletcher finds him in Germany working with the Nazis before the outbreak of World War II, together they escape and return to America, where they are proclaimed heroes. Woody Allen – Leonard Zelig Mia Farrow – Dr. Eudora Nesbitt Fletcher Patrick Horgan – narrator John Buckwalter – Dr, the film uses cameo appearances by real figures from academia and other fields for comic effect. Contrasting the films vintage black-and-white film footage, these appear in color segments as themselves. In the time it took to complete the special effects, Allen filmed A Midsummer Nights Sex Comedy. DeSylva, Aint We Got Fun. by Richard A. Whiting, egan, and Gus Kahn, Charleston by James P. Johnson and Cecil Mack, Ill Get By by Fred E. Zimmerman and Alfred Hart Miles. Before being shown at the Venice Film Festival, the film opened on six screens in the US and grossed US$60,119 on its opening weekend, it eventually earned $11,798,616 in the United States. Zelig has an approval rating of 100% on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on reviews from 22 professional critics with a weighted average score of 7. 9/10. In his review in the New York Times, Vincent Canby observed, new, berlin Alexanderplatz is to Rainer Werner Fassbinders and
33.
Variety (magazine)
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Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation. The last daily printed edition was put out on March 19,2013, Variety originally reported on theater and vaudeville. Variety has been published since December 16,1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City, on January 19,1907, Variety published what is considered the first film review in history. In 1933, Sime Silverman launched Daily Variety, based in Hollywood, Sime Silverman had passed on the editorship of the Weekly Variety to Abel Green as his replacement in 1931, he remained as publisher until his death in 1933 soon after launching the Daily. His son Sidne Silverman, known as Skigie, succeeded him as publisher of both publications, both Sidne and his wife, stage actress Marie Saxon, died of tuberculosis. Their only son Syd Silverman, born 1932, was the heir to what was then Variety Inc. Young Syds legal guardian Harold Erichs oversaw Variety Inc. until 1956, after that date Syd Silverman was publisher of both the Weekly Variety in New York and the Daily Variety in Hollywood, until the sale of both papers in 1987 to the Cahners Corp. In L. A. the Daily was edited by Tom Pryor from 1959 until 1988, for twenty years its editor-in-chief was Peter Bart, originally only of the weekly New York edition, with Michael Silverman running the Daily in Hollywood. Bart had worked previously at Paramount Pictures and The New York Times, in April 2009, Bart moved to the position of vice president and editorial director, characterized online as Boffo No More, Bart Up and Out at Variety. From mid 2009 to 2013, Timothy M. Gray oversaw the publication as Editor-in-Chief, after over 30 years of various reporter, in October 2014, Eller and Wallenstein were upped to Co-Editors in Chief, with Littleton continuing to oversee the trades television coverage. This dissemination comes in the form of columns, news stories, images, video, Cahners Publishing purchased Variety from the Silverman family in 1987. On December 7,1988, Barts predecessor, Roger Watkins, proposed, upon its launch, the new-look Variety measured one inch shorter with a washed-out color on the front. In October 2012, Reed Business Information, the periodicals owner, PMC is the owner of Deadline. com, which since the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike has been considered Varietys largest competitor in online showbiz news. In October,2012, Jay Penske announced that the paywall would come down, the print publication would stay. A significant portion of the advertising revenue comes during the film-award season leading up to the Academy Awards. During this Awards Season, large numbers of colorful, full-page For Your Consideration advertisements inflate the size of Variety to double or triple its usual page count, paid circulation for the weekly Variety magazine in 2013 was 40,000. Each copy of each Variety issue is read by an average of three people, with a total readership of 120,000. Variety. com has 17 million unique monthly visitors, Variety is a weekly entertainment publication with a broad coverage of movies, television, theater, music and technology, written for entertainment executives
34.
The Washington Post
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The Washington Post is an American daily newspaper. It is the most widely circulated newspaper published in Washington, D. C. and was founded on December 6,1877 and its current slogan is Democracy Dies in Darkness. Located in the city of the United States, the newspaper has a particular emphasis on national politics. Daily editions are printed for the District of Columbia, Maryland, the newspaper is published as a broadsheet, with photographs printed both in color and in black and white. The newspaper has won 47 Pulitzer Prizes and this includes six separate Pulitzers awarded in 2008, the second-highest number ever awarded to a single newspaper in one year, second only to The New York Times seven awards in 2002. Post journalists have also received 18 Nieman Fellowships and 368 White House News Photographers Association awards, in years since, its investigations have led to increased review of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. In 2013, its owners, the Graham family, sold the newspaper to billionaire entrepreneur. The newspaper is owned by Nash Holdings LLC, a holding company Bezos created for the acquisition, the Washington Post is generally regarded as one of the leading daily American newspapers, along with The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. The Post has distinguished itself through its reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress. It is one of the two daily broadsheets published in Washington D. C. the other being its smaller rival The Washington Times, unlike The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post does not print an edition for distribution away from the East Coast. In 2009, the newspaper ceased publication of its National Weekly Edition, the majority of its newsprint readership is in District of Columbia and its suburbs in Maryland and Northern Virginia. The Sunday Style section differs slightly from the weekday Style section, it is in a tabloid format, and it houses the reader-written humor contest The Style Invitational. Additional weekly sections appear on weekdays, Health & Science on Tuesday, Food on Wednesday, Local Living on Thursday, the latter two are in a tabloid format. In November 2009, it announced the closure of its U. S. regional bureaus—Chicago, Los Angeles and New York—as part of a focus on. political stories. The newspaper has bureaus in Maryland and Virginia. While its circulation has been slipping, it has one of the highest market-penetration rates of any metropolitan news daily, for many decades, the Post had its main office at 1150 15th Street NW. This real estate remained with Graham Holdings when the newspaper was sold to Jeff Bezos Nash Holdings in 2013, Graham Holdings sold 1150 15th Street for US$159 million in November 2013. The Washington Post continued to lease space at 1150 L Street NW, in May 2014, The Washington Post leased the west tower of One Franklin Square, a high-rise building at 1301 K Street NW in Washington, D. C
35.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
