Shapur I
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Shapur I also known as Shapur I the Great was the second Sasanian King of Kings of Iran. The precise dating of his reign is disputed, but it is generally agreed that he ruled from 240 to 270, with his
1840 illustration of a Sasanian relief at Firuzabad, showing Ardashir I's victory over Artabanus IV and his forces.
The Humiliation of Emperor Valerian by Shapur I, pen and ink, Hans Holbein the Younger, ca. 1521. At the time it was made, the above rock-face relief was unknown in the west.
Rock-face relief at Naqsh-e Rostam of Shapur (on horseback) with Philip the Arab and Emperor Valerian
Relief showing Shapur I on horseback, followed by his sons and nobles
Philip the Arab
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Philip I, commonly known as Philip the Arab, born in Shahba, Syria, was Roman Emperor from 244 to 249. Although his reign lasted only five years, it marked an unusually stable period in a century that
Shapur I
…Resaena in 243 by Roman emperor Gordian III (r. 238–244), the following year he was able to win the Battle of Misiche and force the new Roman emperor Philip the Arab (r. 244–249) to sign a favorable peace treaty that was regarded by the Romans as "a most shameful treaty". Shapur later took advantage of the political…
Bust of Philip I at The State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, 2010
Possible bust of Otacilia Severa, wife of Philip.
Coin of Severa. Legend: ΜΑΡ. ΩΤΑΚΙΛ. CEOΥHPAN CEB. / ZEYΓMATEΩN. Greek inscription in ACC for MAR. OTACIL. SEVERAM AVG. / (of) citizens of ZEVGMA.