1.
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors
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The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors is the five-member governing body of Los Angeles County, California. Members of the Board are officially nonpartisan, and are elected by constituents of their respective districts, as of 2016, they are, Supervisors are elected to four-year terms by a vote of Los Angeles County citizens who reside in the supervisorial district. Supervisors must reside and be voters in the district they represent, supervisorial terms begin the first Monday in December after the election. To curb the powers of the five supervisors, Los Angeles County voters passed Measure B in March 2002 with a majority of 64%, if a supervisor fills a vacancy, the unexpired term counts towards the term limit if there are more than two years left to serve. The provisions of the measure were not retroactive, meaning that the term limit clock for supervisors who were serving at the time the measure passed would start with the next election. Don Knabe, Mike Antonovich, and Yvonne Brathwaite Burke could continue to serve until 2016, while Gloria Molina, Los Angeles County is divided into 5 supervisorial districts, with each Supervisor representing a district of approximately 2 million people. Los Angeles County follows usual California practice in that it did not subdivide into separate counties or increase the number of supervisors as its population soared after 1920. The only county with more than five supervisors is San Francisco, as a result, the concentration of local administrative power in each county supervisor is high, each one represents more than 2 million people. Despite the Countys diverse population, the Board had lacked any Latino representation until 1991, a local nickname some use for the Board is the five little kings. Unseating an incumbent supervisor is extraordinarily difficult, due largely to the prohibitive cost of mounting a challenge in districts of such enormous geographical. Like other elected officials, supervisors enjoy built-in advantages of incumbency, the chair of the Board of Supervisors has the option of calling himself or herself mayor. The title has drawn criticism as it can lead to confusion with the mayor of the city of Los Angeles. However, those who support the use of the say that all five members of the Board of Supervisors act as mayors or chief executives for the millions of people who live in unincorporated areas. Only Mike Antonovich used the title when chairing the Board, primarily to represent and promote Los Angeles County when dealing with international diplomacy. Otherwise, all other chairs have used the chair, chairman, or chairwoman. Members of the Board of Supervisors also sit on the board of the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, the change was made in response to several candidates either dropping out or declining to accept the position to replace former Chief Administrative Officer David Janssen. The Board meets every Tuesday at 9,30 a. m. at the Board Hearing Room at the Kenneth Hahn Hall of Administration in downtown Los Angeles, on Tuesdays following a Monday holiday, Board meetings begin after lunch, at 1,00 p. m. Board meetings are conducted in accordance with Roberts Rules of Order, the Brown Act, the Chief Executive Officer, the County Counsel and the Executive Officer, or their deputies, attend each Board meeting
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors
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Hilda Solis District 1 since 2014
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors
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Seal of the LAC BOS
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors
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Mark Ridley-Thomas District 2 since 2008
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors
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Sheila Kuehl District 3 since 2014
2.
Zev Yaroslavsky
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Zev Yaroslavsky is a politician from Los Angeles County, California. He was first elected to the board in 1994, Yaroslavsky served on the Los Angeles City Council from 1975 to 1994. He was active in the areas of transportation, the environment, health care, Zev Yaroslavsky, the son of David and Minna Yaroslavsky, was born on December 21,1948, in Los Angeles. He and his sister, Shimona, were the children of Jewish immigrants from Russia. His father was a founder of the Hebrew Teachers Union in Los Angeles, Yaroslavsky recalled that his parents spoke to their children only in Hebrew to prepare them for emigrating to Israel. They took their children to that country when Shimona was thirteen, Yaroslavsky is married to the former Barbara Edelston, whom he met as a student at UCLA. In 1985, when Yaroslavsky was a City Council member, a reporter described their home in the Fairfax District as a drab yellow structure with peeling paint. The reporter noted that Yaroslavsky was known for frugality in his public and private life, spending much of his time following world events in newspapers. Barbara Yaroslavsky was first appointed to the Medical Board of California in 2003 and has served multiple terms as its President. Yaroslavsky attended Melrose Avenue Elementary School, Bancroft Junior High School and he earned a Bachelor of Arts in history and economics from UCLA in 1971 and a master of arts in history, specializing in the British Empire, from the same school in 1972. Afterward, he taught Hebrew at temples in Pasadena and Bel Air. Yaroslavsky first gained notice as a UCLA student who had begun orchestrating high-profile protests in Los Angeles against oppressive treatment of Jews in the Soviet Union. ”In December,1969, they organized a candlelight protest march that would attract more than 5,000 people, including then-Mayor Sam Yorty. He was arrested during one Bolshoi protest but no charges were filed and he also was deeply involved in a campaign to burn Standard Oil credit cards after the company sent a letter to 300,000 stockholders that appeared to support a pro-Arab Middle East policy. He resigned from that job to campaign for the City Council. See also List of Los Angeles municipal election returns,1975, Savitch had secured endorsements from, among others, California’s two U. S. In the primary, Yaroslavsky ran second to Savitch, eliminating from the race Rosalind Wiener Wyman, Wyman endorsed Yaroslavsky in his grass-roots general election campaign. When Yaroslavsky was sworn in as the council’s then-youngest member at age 26, Mayor Bradley quipped, now youre part of the establishment. Yes, ” Yaroslavsky recalled retorting, “but the establishment is not part of me
Zev Yaroslavsky
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Yaroslavsky in 2009
3.
California Senate
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The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature. The legislative body consists of 40 members, with each member representing approximately 931,000 people, due to the states large population and relatively small legislature, the State Senate has the largest population per representative ratio of any state legislative house. Each member roughly represents a population equivalent to the state of Delaware, the State Senate convenes at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. In the current session, Democrats control 27 seats, comprising a two-thirds supermajority of the chamber, prior to 1968, state senate districts were drawn so that each county had at most one state senator. This led to the situation of a populous county such as Los Angeles County being accorded the same number of senators as less populous counties such as Humboldt County. In Reynolds v. Sims, the United States Supreme Court compelled all states to draw up districts with equal population, as such, boundaries were changed to provide more equitable representation. The Lieutenant Governor is the ex officio President of the Senate, the President pro tempore is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full senate. Other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their party caucuses according to each partys strength in the chamber. The current president pro tem is Democrat Kevin de León, the minority leader is Republican Jean Fuller. The red tones of the California State Senate Chamber are based on the British House of Lords, the dais rests along a wall shaped like an E, with its central projection housing the rostrum. Along the cornice appears a portrait of George Washington and the Latin quotation, almost every decorating element is identical to the Assembly Chamber. The Secretary, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature
California Senate
California Senate
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California State Senate
4.
Tom Hayden
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Thomas Emmet Tom Hayden was an American social and political activist, author and politician, who was director of the Peace and Justice Resource Center in Los Angeles County, California. Known best for his role as an anti-war, civil rights, and radical intellectual counterculture activist, Hayden was the former husband of actress Jane Fonda. Thomas Emmet Hayden was born in Detroit, Michigan, to parents of Irish ancestry, Genevieve Isabelle and he graduated from Dondero High School in Royal Oak, Michigan, class of 1956. In 1961, Hayden married Sandra Casey Cason, a rights activist who worked for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Hayden became a rider in the South and then served as president of SDS from 1962 to 1963. Hayden drafted SDSs manifesto, the Port Huron Statement, the objective of the Port Huron Statement was the creation of a radically new democratic political movement in the United States that rejected hierarchy and bureaucracy. The statement represented the emergence of a New Left in the United States, often working with, but no longer part of, the remains of the American Left after concerted government efforts to destroy it. From 1964 to 1968, Hayden lived in Newark, New Jersey, where he worked with impoverished inner-city residents as part of the Newark Community Union Project. He was also witness to the race riots of 1967, driven by far more than race alone, as Hayden would point out. In 1965, Hayden, along with Communist Party USA member Herbert Aptheker and Quaker peace activist Staughton Lynd undertook a visit to North Vietnam. The three toured villages and factories and met with an American POW whose plane had been shot down, the result of this tour of North Vietnam, at a high point in the war, was a book titled The Other Side. The Chicago Seven after Bobby Seales case was separated from the others, Hayden and four others were convicted of crossing state lines to incite a riot, but the charges were later reversed and remanded on appeal. The government did not retry the case, United States v. Dellinger,472 F. 2d 340, cert. denied,410 U. S.970,93 S. Ct. The government thereafter elected to dismiss the substantive charges, the next year he married Fonda and they had one child, Troy Garity, born on 7 July 1973. In 1974, while the Vietnam War was still ongoing, the documentary film Introduction to the Enemy was released and it depicts their travels through North and South Vietnam in the spring of 1974. Hayden also founded the Indochina Peace Campaign, which operated from 1972 to 1975, the IPC, operating in Boston, New York, Detroit and Santa Clara, mobilized dissent against the Vietnam War, demanded unconditional amnesty for U. S. draft evaders, among other aims. Jane Fonda, a supporter of the IPC, later turned this moniker into a name for her film production firm, IPC Films, Introduction to the Enemy, The China Syndrome, Nine to Five and On Golden Pond. Hayden and Fonda divorced in 1990, goodwin, who was a speechwriter for presidents Lyndon B. Johnson and John F. Kennedy, said that Hayden, without even knowing it, inspired the Great Society
Tom Hayden
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Hayden outside the
2004 Democratic National Convention.
5.
Fran Pavley
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Frances J. Fran Pavley is an American politician who served two terms in the California State Senate and three terms in the California State Assembly. A Democrat, she last represented the 27th Senate District, which encompasses the Conejo Valley, before the 2010 redistricting, she represented the 23rd Senate District. Before being elected to the State Senate in 2008, Pavley served in the California State Assembly and she was also the first Mayor of Agoura Hills. She was a school teacher for 29 years before serving in elected office. Pavley is widely renowned for her work on environmental and climate change legislation. She was the author of AB32, the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, in 2016, she cemented her legacy by authoring and passing SB32, which extended Californias emissions reduction goals to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Senator Fran Pavley is a native Angeleno and grew up in Sherman Oaks and she has lived in Agoura Hills with her husband, Andy, for over 40 years, where they raised their two children, as well as four guide dogs. She received her masters degree in Environmental Planning at CSU Northridge, taught school for 29 years. In 1982, Senator Pavley became the first mayor of the City of Agoura Hills, in 2000, she was elected to the California State Assembly where she served three terms. In 1997, she was awarded the Distinguished Leadership Award by the American Planning Association for her efforts, Pavley was also a member of the California Coastal Commission from 1995 to 2000. She was a member of the Santa Monica Mountain Conservancy Advisory Committee and was President of the LA County Division League of California Cities in 1996. Pavley was elected to represent the 41st Assembly District at the California State Assembly for the maximum of three 2-year terms, from 2000 to 2006. Pavley was a member of the Assembly Budget Committee, the Education Committee, the Transportation Committee, and she was the Chair of the Budget Committee on Resources. During her 14 years as a legislator, Pavley authored three major bills to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in California. On Sept.8,2016, Governor Jerry Brown signed Pavleys SB32, the law extended and expanded upon AB32, which Pavley co-authored in 2006, that required a reduction in GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. During her first term in the Assembly, in 2002, Pavley authored AB1493, in 2010 President Barack Obama implemented national clean car standards, modeled on AB1493, also widely known as the Pavley law. Pavley was elected to the 23rd state Senate District in 2008 by a wide margin, in 2012, redistricting changed the legislative boundaries and she ran in the 27th State Senate District in 2012. That year she had a race against former Deputy District Attorney Todd Zink
Fran Pavley
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Pavley in 2012
6.
California State Assembly
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The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people, members of the assembly are generally referred to using the titles assemblyman, assemblywoman, or assemblymember. The State Assembly convenes at the California State Capitol in Sacramento, in the current session, the Democrats control 55 seats, forming a supermajority of the chamber. The Speaker presides over the State Assembly in the leadership position, controlling the flow of legislation. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full assembly, other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each partys strength in the chamber. The current Speaker is Democrat Anthony Rendon, the majority leader is Democrat Ian Calderon, while the minority leader is Republican Chad Mayes. The chambers green tones are based on the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, the dais rests along a wall shaped like an E, with its central projection housing the rostrum. Along the cornice appears a portrait of Abraham Lincoln and a Latin quotation, almost every decorating element is identical to the Senate Chamber. According to Article 4, Section 2 of the California Constitution, the Chief Clerk, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature. The Sergeant-at-Arms protects the members of the California State Assembly and this position has existed since December 15,1849, when Samuel N. Houston became the Assemblys first Sergeant-at-Arms. The Chief Clerk, the acting Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplains are not members of the Legislature
California State Assembly
California State Assembly
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California State Assembly
7.
Tulsa, Oklahoma
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Tulsa /ˈtʌlsə/ is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 47th-most populous city in the United States. As of July 2015, the population was 403,505 and it is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with 981,005 residents in the MSA and 1,151,172 in the CSA. The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County, the most densely populated county in Oklahoma, with urban development extending into Osage, Rogers, Tulsa was settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka Band of Creek Native American tribe. For most of the 20th century, the city held the nickname Oil Capital of the World, once heavily dependent on the oil industry, Tulsa experienced economic downturn. Subsequent diversification efforts created a base in the energy, finance, aviation, telecommunications. The Tulsa Port of Catoosa, at the head of the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, is the most inland port in the U. S. with access to international waterways. Two institutions of education within the city have sports teams at the NCAA Division I level, Oral Roberts University. It is situated on the Arkansas River at the foothills of the Ozark Mountains in northeast Oklahoma, the city has been called one of Americas most livable large cities by Partners for Livable Communities, Forbes, and Relocate America. FDi Magazine in 2009 ranked the city no.8 in the U. S. for cities of the future, in 2012, Tulsa was ranked among the top 50 best cities in the United States by BusinessWeek. People from Tulsa are called Tulsans, the area where Tulsa now exists was considered Indian Territory when it was first formally settled by the Lochapoka and Creek tribes in 1836. They established a settlement under the Creek Council Oak Tree at the present day intersection of Cheyenne Avenue. This area and this tree reminded Chief Tukabahchi and his group of trail of tear survivors of the bend in the river and their previous Creek Council Oak Tree back in the Talisi. They named their new settlement Tallasi, meaning old town in the Creek language, the area around Tulsa was also settled by members of the other so-called Five Civilized Tribes who had relocated to Oklahoma from the Southern United States. Most of modern Tulsa is located in the Creek Nation, with parts located in the Cherokee Nation, although Oklahoma was not yet a state during the Civil War, the Tulsa area did see its share of fighting. The Battle of Chusto-Talasah took place on the side of Tulsa. After the War, the tribes signed Reconstruction treaties with the government that in some cases required substantial land concessions. On January 18,1898, Tulsa was officially incorporated and elected its first mayor, Tulsa was a small town near the banks of the Arkansas River in 1901 when its first oil well, named Sue Bland No. Much of the oil was discovered on land whose mineral rights were owned by members of the Osage Nation under a system of headrights
Tulsa, Oklahoma
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Downtown Tulsa's skyline in May 2008.
Tulsa, Oklahoma
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The Meadow Gold sign has greeted Route 66 travelers in Tulsa for decades.
Tulsa, Oklahoma
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Cain's Ballroom came to be known as the "Carnegie Hall of Western Swing" in the early 20th century.
Tulsa, Oklahoma
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A 1909 panoramic view of Tulsa
8.
Oklahoma
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Oklahoma is a state located in the South Central United States. Oklahoma is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States, the states name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning red people. The name was settled upon statehood, Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged, on November 16,1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans, or informally Okies, and its capital, a major producer of natural gas, oil, and agricultural products, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology. In 2007, it had one of the economies in the United States, ranking among the top states in per capita income growth. Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahomas primary economic anchors, with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas. With small mountain ranges, prairie, mesas, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains, Cross Timbers, interior Highlands—a region especially prone to severe weather. The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people, equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe Native American people as a whole. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was approved in 1890. Oklahoma is the 20th-largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles and it is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, much of its border with Texas lies along the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen, a failed continental rift. The geologic figure defines the placement of the Red River, the Oklahoma panhandles Western edge is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line, the border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian, in the 1890s, when Oklahoma was formally surveyed using more accurate surveying equipment and techniques, it was discovered the Texas line was not set along the 103rd Meridian. Surveying techniques were not as accurate in 1819, and the actual 103rd Meridian was approximately 2.2 miles to the east and it was much easier to leave the mistake than for Texas to cede land to New Mexico to correct the surveying error. The placement of the Oklahoma/New Mexico border represents the true 103rd Meridian, cimarron County in Oklahomas panhandle is the only county in the United States that touches four other states, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado and Kansas. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The states lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, Oklahoma, which dips to 289 feet above sea level
Oklahoma
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State rock (
rose rock) specimens from Cleveland County, with a
US quarter for size reference.
Oklahoma
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Flag
Oklahoma
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The state's high plains stretch behind a greeting sign in the
Oklahoma Panhandle.
Oklahoma
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A view of
Mt Scott
9.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
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Flag
United States
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The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
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The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
10.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
Democratic Party (United States)
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Andrew Jackson was the first Democratic
President of the United States
Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party (United States)
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The three leaders of the Democratic party during the first half of the 20th century: President
Woodrow Wilson (nominated in 1912 and '16) Sec. of State
William J. Bryan (nominated in 1896, 1900 and 1908),
Josephus Daniels,
Breckinridge Long,
William Phillips, and
Franklin D. Roosevelt (nominated for VP in 1920 and for president in 1932, 36,'40 and 44)
Democratic Party (United States)
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John F. Kennedy,
35th President of the United States (1961–1963)
11.
Santa Monica, California
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Santa Monica is a beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. The Census Bureau population for Santa Monica in 2010 was 89,736, due in part to an agreeable climate, Santa Monica became a famed resort town by the early 20th century. The city has experienced a boom since the late 1980s through the revitalization of its core, significant job growth. The Santa Monica Pier remains a popular and iconic destination, Santa Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language, the first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3,1769. Named after the Christian saint Monica, there are two different accounts of how the name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica, another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her sons early impiety. In Los Angeles, several battles were fought by the Californios, following the Mexican–American War, Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave Mexicans and Californios living in state certain unalienable rights. US government sovereignty in California began on February 2,1848, in the 1870s the Los Angeles and Independence Railroad, connected Santa Monica with Los Angeles, and a wharf out into the bay. The first town hall was a modest 1873 brick building, later a beer hall and it is Santa Monicas oldest extant structure. By 1885, the towns first hotel was the Santa Monica Hotel, around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in and around Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in Santa Monica, the two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community. Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field for the Douglas Aircraft Company, in 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes returned after covering 27,553 miles in 175 days, the Douglas Company kept facilities in the city until the 1960s. The Great Depression hit Santa Monica deeply, one report gives citywide employment in 1933 of just 1,000. Hotels and office building owners went bankrupt, in the 1930s, corruption infected Santa Monica. The federal Works Project Administration helped build several buildings, most notably City Hall, the main Post Office and Barnum Hall were also among other WPA projects
Santa Monica, California
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Santa Monica's Ocean Avenue at Sunset
Santa Monica, California
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An 1840 Santa Monica adobe home (photographed in 1890).
Santa Monica, California
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A busy day on the beach, 1880
Santa Monica, California
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Exterior view of the Bank Building at the corner of Third Street and Broadway, Santa Monica, ca.1900
12.
Alma mater
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Alma mater is an allegorical Latin phrase for a university or college. In modern usage, it is a school or university which an individual has attended, the phrase is variously translated as nourishing mother, nursing mother, or fostering mother, suggesting that a school provides intellectual nourishment to its students. Before its modern usage, Alma mater was a title in Latin for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele. The source of its current use is the motto, Alma Mater Studiorum, of the oldest university in continuous operation in the Western world and it is related to the term alumnus, denoting a university graduate, which literally means a nursling or one who is nourished. The phrase can also denote a song or hymn associated with a school, although alma was a common epithet for Ceres, Cybele, Venus, and other mother goddesses, it was not frequently used in conjunction with mater in classical Latin. Alma Redemptoris Mater is a well-known 11th century antiphon devoted to Mary, the earliest documented English use of the term to refer to a university is in 1600, when University of Cambridge printer John Legate began using an emblem for the universitys press. In English etymological reference works, the first university-related usage is often cited in 1710, many historic European universities have adopted Alma Mater as part of the Latin translation of their official name. The University of Bologna Latin name, Alma Mater Studiorum, refers to its status as the oldest continuously operating university in the world. At least one, the Alma Mater Europaea in Salzburg, Austria, the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, has been called the Alma Mater of the Nation because of its ties to the founding of the United States. At Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, the ancient Roman world had many statues of the Alma Mater, some still extant. Modern sculptures are found in prominent locations on several American university campuses, outside the United States, there is an Alma Mater sculpture on the steps of the monumental entrance to the Universidad de La Habana, in Havana, Cuba. Media related to Alma mater at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of alma mater at Wiktionary Alma Mater Europaea website
Alma mater
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The Alma Mater statue by
Mario Korbel, at the entrance of the
University of Havana in
Cuba.
Alma mater
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John Legate's Alma Mater for Cambridge in 1600
Alma mater
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Alma Mater (1929, Lorado Taft),
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
13.
University of California, Los Angeles
–
The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, California, United States. It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 and it offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. UCLA enrolls about 31,000 undergraduate and 13,000 graduate students, and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016, including transfer applicants, the university is organized into six undergraduate colleges, seven professional schools, and four professional health science schools. Fourteen Nobel laureates, three Fields Medalists, two Chief Scientists of the U. S. Air Force and three Turing Award winners have been faculty, researchers, or alumni, the university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015–2016 ranked UCLA 16th in the world for academics, in 2015-2016, UCLA ranked 12th in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities and 31st in the 2016/17 QS World University Rankings. UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference, the Bruins won 126 national championships, including 113 NCAA team championships, more than any other university. UCLA student-athletes, coaches and staff won 251 Olympic medals,126 gold,65 silver and 60 bronze, UCLA student-athletes competed in every Olympics since 1920 with one exception, and won a gold medal in every Olympics that the United States participated in since 1932. The State Normal School at Los Angeles opened on August 29,1882, the facility included an elementary school where teachers-in-training could practice their technique with children. That elementary school is related to the present day version, UCLA Lab School, in 1887, the school became known as the Los Angeles State Normal School. In 1914, the moved to a new campus on Vermont Avenue in East Hollywood. However, David Prescott Barrows, the new President of the University of California, the same legislation added its general undergraduate program, the College of Letters and Science. After the athletic teams entered the Pacific Coast conference in 1926, the Southern Branch student council adopted the nickname Bruins, in 1927, the Regents renamed the Southern Branch the University of California at Los Angeles. In the same year, the state broke ground in Westwood on land sold for $1 million, less than one-third its value, by real estate developers Edwin and Harold Janss, the campus in Westwood opened to students in 1929. The original four buildings were the College Library, Royce Hall, the Physics-Biology Building, the first undergraduate classes on the new campus were held in 1929 with 5,500 students. A timeline of the history can be found on its website, during its first 32 years, UCLA was treated as an off-site department of UC. As such, its presiding officer was called a provost, in 1951, UCLA was formally elevated to co-equal status with UC Berkeley, and its presiding officer Raymond B. Allen was the first chief executive to be granted the title of chancellor. The appointment of Franklin David Murphy to the position of Chancellor in 1960 helped spark an era of growth of facilities. By the end of the decade, UCLA had achieved distinction in a range of subjects
University of California, Los Angeles
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The Los Angeles branch of
California State Normal School, 1881.
University of California, Los Angeles
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UCLA official seal
University of California, Los Angeles
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University of California, Southern Branch's Vermont Campus, 1922.
University of California, Los Angeles
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The Bruin statue, designed by Billy Fitzgerald, in Bruin Plaza.
14.
Harvard Law School
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Harvard Law School is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest continually-operating law school in the United States and is considered to be one of the most prestigious in the world. The school is ranked third by the U. S. News & World and its acceptance rate was 15. 4% in the 2013–14 admissions cycle, and its yield rate of 66. 2% was the second-highest of any law school in the United States. It is ranked first in the 2016 QS World University Rankings, Harvard Law admitted 16. 5% of applicants in its most recent class, compared to 9. 2% at Yale and 11. 2% at Stanford. With a current enrollment of 1,990, HLS has about as many students as its three closest-ranked peer institutions, first-ranked Yale, second-ranked Stanford, and fourth-ranked Chicago, combined. The first-year class is broken into seven sections of approximately 80 students, Harvards uniquely large class size and its prestige have led the law school to graduate a great many distinguished alumni in the judiciary, government, and the business world. According to Harvard Laws 2015 ABA-required disclosures,95. 33% of the Class of 2014 passed the Bar exam. Harvard Law Schools founding is linked to the funding of Harvards first professorship in law, paid for from a bequest from the estate of Isaac Royall. Today, it is home to the largest academic law library in the world, the current dean of Harvard Law School is Martha Minow, who assumed the role on July 1,2009. The law school has 328 faculty members, Harvard Law Schools founding is traced to the establishment of a law department at Harvard in 1817. Dating the founding to the year of the creation of the law department makes Harvard Law the oldest continuously-operating law school in the nation, William & Mary Law School opened first in 1779, but closed due to the American Civil War, reopening in 1920. The University of Maryland School of Law was chartered in 1816, but did not begin classes until 1824, and also closed during the Civil War. Or a Professor of Physick and Anatomy, whichever the said overseers and Corporation shall judge to be best. ”The value of the land, when fully liquidated in 1809, was $2,938, the Harvard Corporation allocated $400 from the income generated by those funds to create the Royall Professorship of Law in 1815. The dean of the law school traditionally held the Royall chair, deans Elena Kagan, royalls Medford estate, the Isaac Royall House, is now a museum which features the only remaining slave quarters in the northeast United States. The Royall family coat-of-arms, which shows three stacked wheat sheaves, was adopted as the school crest in 1936, topped with the university motto, in March 2016, following requests by students, the school decided to remove the emblem because of its association with slavery. By 1827, the school, with one faculty member, was struggling, nathan Dane, a prominent alumnus of the college, then endowed the Dane Professorship of Law, insisting that it be given to then Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story. For a while, the school was called Dane Law School, in 1829, John H. Ashmun, son of Eli Porter Ashmun and brother of George Ashmun, accepted a professorship and closed his Northampton Law School, with many of his students following him to Harvard. Enrollment remained low through the 19th century as university legal education was considered to be of little added benefit to apprenticeships in legal practice, at Harvard, Langdell also developed the case method of teaching law, now the dominant pedagogical model at U. S. law schools
Harvard Law School
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Langdell Hall at night
Harvard Law School
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Harvard Law School
Harvard Law School
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Austin Hall
Harvard Law School
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Langdell in the winter
15.
Lawyer
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A lawyer is a person who practices law, as an advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor or solicitor or chartered legal executive. The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, in practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer. As a result, the meaning of the lawyer may vary from place to place. In Australia, the lawyer is used to refer to both barristers and solicitors. In Canada, the word lawyer refers to individuals who have been called to the bar or. Common law lawyers in Canada are formally and properly called barristers and solicitors, however, in Quebec, civil law advocates often call themselves attorney and sometimes barrister and solicitor in English. The Legal Services Act 2007 defines the activities that may only be performed by a person who is entitled to do so pursuant to the Act. Lawyer is not a protected title, in India, the term lawyer is often colloquially used, but the official term is advocate as prescribed under the Advocates Act,1961. In Scotland, the word refers to a more specific group of legally trained people. It specifically includes advocates and solicitors, in a generic sense, it may also include judges and law-trained support staff. In the United States, the term refers to attorneys who may practice law. It is never used to refer to patent agents or paralegals, in fact, there are regulatory restrictions on non-lawyers like paralegals practicing law. Other nations tend to have terms for the analogous concept. In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners. Several countries that originally had two or more legal professions have since fused or united their professions into a type of lawyer. Most countries in this category are common law countries, though France, in countries with fused professions, a lawyer is usually permitted to carry out all or nearly all the responsibilities listed below. Arguing a clients case before a judge or jury in a court of law is the province of the barrister in England. However, the boundary between barristers and solicitors has evolved, in England today, the barrister monopoly covers only appellate courts, and barristers must compete directly with solicitors in many trial courts
Lawyer
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Dr Alberico Gentili (1552-1608), one of the best known lawyers.
Lawyer
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A French lawyer
Lawyer
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Law Faculty of
Comenius University in
Bratislava (Slovakia).
Lawyer
–
U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is a famous example of a lawyer who became a politician.
16.
Child actor
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Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor, an actor who reached popularity as a teenager. Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults, in the United States, the activities of child actors are regulated by the governing labor union, if any, and state and federal laws. Some projects film in remote locations specifically to evade regulations intended to protect the child, longer work hours or risky stunts prohibited in California, for example, might be permitted to a project filming in British Columbia. US federal law specifically exempted minors working the Entertainment Business from all provisions of the Child Labor Laws, any regulation of child actors is governed by disparate state law. Due to the presence of the entertainment industry in California. Being a minor, an actor must secure an entertainment work permit before accepting any paid performing work. The child does his/her schoolwork under the supervision of a teacher while on the set. Many child actors never got to see the money they earned because they were not in charge of this money, jackie Coogan earned millions of dollars from working as a child actor only to see most of it squandered by his parents. In 1939, California weighed in on this controversy and enacted the Coogan Law which requires a portion of the earnings of a child to be preserved in a savings account called a blocked trust. Some people also criticize the parents of actors for allowing their children to work. The child actor may experience unique and negative pressures when working under tight production schedules, large projects which depend for their success on the ability of the child to deliver an effective performance add to the pressure. Many actors careers are short-lived and this is true of child actors. Peter Ostrum, for example, is now a successful large-animal veterinarian after a starring role in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, shirley Temple became a public figure and diplomat. Jenny Lewis, formerly of Troop Beverly Hills, is a indie rock musician. In Poland, child actor identical twin brothers Lech and Jarosław Kaczyński became very successful politicians, at one time Lech being President, there are child actors who have achieved successful thespian careers into adulthood. V. In many cases, the failure to retain stardom and success and exposure at a young age has caused many child actors to lead adult lives plagued by troubles, bankruptcy. Examples include the cast members of the American sitcom Diffrent Strokes, which starred child actors Todd Bridges, Gary Coleman, Plato went on to pose for Playboy magazine and was featured in several softcore pornography films. She was arrested twice for armed robbery and forging prescriptions, and died in May 1999 from an overdose of prescription medication, Coleman famously sued his parents for misuse of his trust fund and, although awarded over $1,000,000, filed for bankruptcy in 1999
Child actor
–
Shirley Temple in
The Little Princess, circa 1939.
Child actor
–
Daniel Radcliffe,
Dakota Fanning and
Macaulay Culkin
Child actor
Child actor
17.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
–
A forest of redwood trees in
Redwood National Park
California
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Flag
California
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Mount Shasta
California
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Aerial view of the
California Central Valley
18.
California State Senate
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The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature. The legislative body consists of 40 members, with each member representing approximately 931,000 people, due to the states large population and relatively small legislature, the State Senate has the largest population per representative ratio of any state legislative house. Each member roughly represents a population equivalent to the state of Delaware, the State Senate convenes at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. In the current session, Democrats control 27 seats, comprising a two-thirds supermajority of the chamber, prior to 1968, state senate districts were drawn so that each county had at most one state senator. This led to the situation of a populous county such as Los Angeles County being accorded the same number of senators as less populous counties such as Humboldt County. In Reynolds v. Sims, the United States Supreme Court compelled all states to draw up districts with equal population, as such, boundaries were changed to provide more equitable representation. The Lieutenant Governor is the ex officio President of the Senate, the President pro tempore is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full senate. Other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their party caucuses according to each partys strength in the chamber. The current president pro tem is Democrat Kevin de León, the minority leader is Republican Jean Fuller. The red tones of the California State Senate Chamber are based on the British House of Lords, the dais rests along a wall shaped like an E, with its central projection housing the rostrum. Along the cornice appears a portrait of George Washington and the Latin quotation, almost every decorating element is identical to the Assembly Chamber. The Secretary, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature
California State Senate
California State Senate
–
California State Senate
19.
Los Angeles County, California
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Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles, is the most populous county in both the United States and the state of California, the countrys most populous state. Its population is larger than that of 42 individual U. S. states and it has 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas and at 4,083 square miles, it is larger than the combined areas of the U. S. states of Delaware and Rhode Island. The county is home to more than one-quarter of California residents and is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the U. S and its county seat, the City of Los Angeles, is also its most populous city at about four million. Los Angeles County is one of the counties of California. The county originally included parts of what are now Kern, San Bernardino, Riverside, as the population increased, sections were split off to organize San Bernardino County in 1853, Kern County in 1866, and Orange County in 1889. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 4,751 square miles, Los Angeles County borders 70 miles of coast on the Pacific Ocean and encompasses mountain ranges, valleys, forests, islands, lakes, rivers, and desert. The western extent of the Mojave Desert begins in the Antelope Valley, most of the population of Los Angeles County is located in the south and southwest, with major population centers in the Los Angeles Basin, San Fernando Valley and San Gabriel Valley. Other population centers are found in the Santa Clarita Valley, Pomona Valley, Crescenta Valley, the county is divided west-to-east by the San Gabriel Mountains, which are part of the Transverse Ranges of southern California, and are contained mostly within the Angeles National Forest. Los Angeles County includes San Clemente Island and Santa Catalina Island, non-Hispanic whites numbered 2,728,321, or 28% of the population. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race numbered 4,687,889, 36% of Los Angeles Countys population was of Mexican ancestry,3. 7% Salvadoran, and 2. 2% Guatemalan heritage. The largest Asian groups of the 1,346,865 Asians in Los Angeles County are 4. 0% Chinese,3. 3% Filipino,2. 2% Korean,1. 0% Japanese,0. 9% Vietnamese,0. 8% Indian, and 0. 3% Cambodian. The racial makeup of the county is 48. 7% White,11. 0% African American,0. 8% Native American,10. 0% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,23. 5% from other races, and 4. 9% from two or more races. 44. 6% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race, the largest European-American ancestry groups are German, Irish, English and Italian. 45. 9% of the population reported speaking only English at home,37. 9% spoke Spanish,2. 22% Tagalog,2. 0% Chinese,1. 9% Korean,1. 87% Armenian,0. 5% Arabic, and 0. 2% Hindi. At the census of 2000, there were 9,519,338 people,3,133,774 households, the population density was 2,344 people per square mile. There were 3,270,909 housing units at a density of 806 per square mile. 25% of all households were made up of individuals and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.61. In the county, the population was out with 28% under the age of 18, 10% from 18 to 24, 33% from 25 to 44, 19% from 45 to 64
Los Angeles County, California
Los Angeles County, California
Los Angeles County, California
Los Angeles County, California
20.
Ventura County, California
–
Ventura County is a county in the southern part of the U. S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 823,318, Ventura County comprises the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is also considered the southernmost county along the California Central Coast, Ventura County was historically inhabited by the Chumash people, who also settled much of Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo Counties, with their presence dating back 10, 000-12,000 years. The Chumash were hunter-gatherers, fishermen, and also traders with the Mojave, Yokuts, the Chumash are also known for their rock paintings and for their great basketry. Chumash Indian Museum in Thousand Oaks has several reconstructed Chumash houses and there are several Chumash pictographs in the county, the plank canoe, called a tomol in Chumash, was important to their way of life. Canoe launching points on the mainland for trade with the Chumash of the Channel Islands were located at the mouth of the Ventura River, Mugu Lagoon and this has led to speculations among archeologists of whether the Chumash could have had a pre-historic contact with Polynesians. According to diachronic linguistics, certain words such as tomolo’o could be related to Polynesian languages, the dialect of the Chumash language that was spoken in Ventura County was Ventureño. Others include Point Mugu from the word Muwu, Saticoy from the word Sa’aqtiko’y, in October 1542, the expedition led by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo anchored in an inlet near Point Mugu, its members were the first Europeans to arrive in the area that would become Ventura County. Active occupation of California by Spain began in 1769, gaspar de Portolà led a military expedition by land from San Diego to Monterey, passing through Ventura County in August of that year. A priest with the expedition, Father Juan Crespí, kept a journal of the trip and noted that the area was ideal for a mission to be established, also on this expedition was Father Junípero Serra, who later founded a mission on this site. On March 31,1782, the Mission San Buenaventura was founded by Father Serra and it is named after Saint Bonaventure, one of the early intellectual founders of the Franciscan Order. The town that grew up around the mission, was originally and remains named San Buenaventura, in the 1790s, the Spanish Governor of California began granting land concessions to Spanish Californians who were often retiring soldiers. These concessions were known as ranchos and consisted of thousands of acres of land that were used primarily as ranch land for livestock, in Ventura County, Rancho Simi was granted in 1795 and Rancho El Conejo in 1802. Fernando Tico was granted Ojai and part of Ventura by Gov. Alvarado, California land that had been vested in the King of Spain was now owned by the nation of Mexico. By the 1830s, Mission San Buenaventura was in a decline with fewer neophytes joining the mission, the number of cattle owned by the mission dropped from first to fifteenth ranking in the California Missions. The missions were secularized by the Mexican government in 1834, the Mexican governors began granting land rights to Mexican Californians, often retiring soldiers. By 1846, there were 19 rancho grants in Ventura County, in 1836, Mission San Buenaventura was transferred from the Church to a secular administrator. The natives who had been working at the mission left to work on the ranchos
Ventura County, California
Ventura County, California
Ventura County, California
Ventura County, California
21.
Penny Singleton
–
Penny Singleton was an American film actress. Singleton also provided the voice of Jane Jetson in the animated series The Jetsons, for her contributions to both radio and the motion picture industry, in 1960, Singleton was honored with two stars as she was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The star for radio is located at 6811 Hollywood Boulevard, and her star is just a few footsteps away. Singleton began her business career when she was a child, singing at a silent movie theater. She sang and danced with Milton Berle, whom she had known since childhood, and actor Gene Raymond and she also toured in nightclubs and roadshows of plays and musicals. Singleton appeared as a singer in After the Thin Man. She was cast opposite Arthur Lake in the feature film Blondie in 1938 and they repeated their roles on a radio comedy beginning in 1939 and in guest appearances on other radio shows. As Dagwood and Blondie Bumstead they proved so popular that a succession of 27 sequels were made from 1938 until 1950 with the show ending the same year. Singletons husband Robert Sparks produced 12 of these sequels, Singleton dyed her brunette hair blonde for the rest of her life. She starred as Adelaide in Guys and Dolls at the summer Starlight Theatre in Kansas City and she was active in union affairs and was the first woman president of an AFL–CIO union. In 1967 she led a strike by the Radio City Rockettes for better working conditions. Singleton died in Sherman Oaks, California, following a stroke and was interred in San Fernando Mission Cemetery in Los Angeles and she was married to Dr. Laurence Scogga Singleton, a dentist, from 1937 until their divorce in 1939. She was married to Robert Sparks from 1941 until his death on July 22,1963, Singleton had a daughter with each of her husbands. She died in November 2003 at the age of 95 of respiratory failure, belle of the Night Campus Cinderella Screen Snapshots Series 19, No
Penny Singleton
–
Penny Singleton in 1990
Penny Singleton
–
Poster for Blondie Takes a Vacation (1939), Singleton's second Blondie film
22.
Gale Gordon
–
Gordon also had starring roles in Balls successful third series Heres Lucy and her short-lived fourth and final series Life with Lucy. He is remembered for his role as school principal Osgood Conklin in the early 1950s television hit show Our Miss Brooks starring Eve Arden, Gordon was also a respected and beloved radio actor. He also co-starred as the second Mr. Wilson in Dennis the Menace, born Charles Thomas Aldrich, Jr. Gordon and his character of Mayor La Trivia briefly left the show in December 1942 when Gordon enlisted in World War II and the storyline followed. He was the first actor to play the role of Flash Gordon and he also played Dr. Stevens in Glorious One. From 1937–39, he starred as The Octopus in the Speed Gibson adventure series, in 1949, Gordon recorded the pilot for The Halls of Ivy, starring in the programs title role of Dr. Todhunter Hall, the president of Ivy College. In 1950, Gordon played John Granby in the radio series Granbys Green Acres, Gordon went on to create the role of pompous principal Osgood Conklin on Our Miss Brooks, carrying the role to television when the show moved there in 1952. In the interim, Gordon turned up as Rudolph Atterbury on My Favorite Husband, Gordon and Ball had previously worked together on The Wonder Show, starring Jack Haley, from 1938–39. The two had a friendship as well as recurring professional partnership. In 1958, he appeared as a regular in the role of department store co-owner Bascomb Bleacher, Sr. on the NBC sitcom Sally, starring Joan Caulfield and he also appeared on the Walter Brennan ABC sitcom, The Real McCoys. Gordon had a role in the CBS television comedy Pete. At this time, he guest starred with Pat OBrien in the ABC sitcom, Harrigan and Son and he also appeared on the CBS/Desilu sitcom, Angel, with Annie Fargé. On The Danny Thomas Show, he guest starred in seven episodes, in five, he played the landlord of the building where the Williams family lived. In 1962, Gordon appeared as different characters on two episodes of another ABC sitcom, The Donna Reed Show, Gordon was under contract to play John Wilson on Dennis the Menace. Prior to Gordons replacing Kearns on Dennis the Menace, the two had worked together on an old show, The Cinnamon Bear. When Dennis the Menace ended in spring 1963, Gordon joined The Lucy Show as Mr. Mooney for the 1963-64 season, the somewhat portly Gordon was adept at physical comedy and could do a perfect cartwheel. He did this on The Lucy Show and Heres Lucy, after the sale of Desilu Studios, Ball shut down The Lucy Show in 1968 and retooled it into Heres Lucy and became her own producer and distributor. She used Gordon again, this time as her irascible boss Harrison Otis Uncle Harry Carter at an employment agency that specialized in unusual jobs for unusual people, in reality, it was just a continuation of the Lucy Carmichael/Mr. Mooney relationship, but with new names and a new setting, Gordon had all but retired when Heres Lucy ended, but in the 1980s he came out of retirement to join Ball for the short-lived Life With Lucy
Gale Gordon
–
Gordon in 1958
Gale Gordon
–
Gordon and
Bea Benaderet performing in Granby's Green Acres a 1950 summer replacement radio show
Gale Gordon
–
Gordon in 1988
23.
Bea Benaderet
–
Beatrice “Bea” Benaderet was an American actress born in New York City and reared in San Francisco, California. Her major breaks in radio came on The Jack Benny Program and she did a great deal of voice work in Warner Bros. animated cartoons of the 1940s and early 1950s, most famously as Granny. Benaderet was born in 1906 in Manhattan, although occasionally her year of birth was given as 1907 or 1909 in census records and her father Samuel was a Turkish Jewish emigrant. Her family moved to San Francisco, California, around 1910, where she attended St. Rose Academy and her debut on radio came when she was 12. She had performed in a production of The Beggars Opera on KGO. Her first job in radio was at KFRC in San Francisco and her responsibilities there included acting, singing, writing, and producing. She first received notice for her work in the 1940s on Fibber McGee & Molly, The Jack Benny Program, My Favorite Husband, The Mel Blanc Show, The Great Gildersleeve. She played Blanche Morton, the neighbor to George Burns and Gracie Allen. In 1949, she guest-starred as Fanny Philipot Burns on the Young Love episode The Dean Gets Married, vivian Vance, a relatively unknown character actress and singer, was eventually cast in the Ethel Mertz part. Benaderet did eventually appear in a guest role on I Love Lucy on January 21,1952, as Miss Lewis, Benaderet was a cast member of the NBC sitcom series Peter Loves Mary starring Peter Lind Hayes and Mary Healy. Peter Loves Mary ran during the 1960-1961 season and she was twice nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her work on The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show. In addition to her more familiar comedic roles, Benaderet had a role in The Restless Gun in 1959. Benaderet voiced numerous characters in the Warner Bros. animated shorts of the 1940s, including Granny. She performed the voice of Granny until 1955, when she was succeeded by June Foray and she also portrayed Little Red Riding Hood as a loud, obnoxious teenager in the 1944 Bugs Bunny cartoon Little Red Riding Rabbit. Benaderet also voiced Betty Rubble in The Flintstones from seasons one to four before resigning in 1964 due to the workload on Petticoat Junction, Benaderet and her first husband, actor Jim Bannon had two children, Jack, an actor, and Maggie. Benaderet was busy during the last decade of her life, starting with a role as Betty Rubble in the animated series The Flintstones. The Flintstones reunited Benaderet with her 1940s co-workers Alan Reed and Mel Blanc, Henning cast Benaderet as middle-aged, widowed Cousin Pearl Bodine, and she appeared in the pilot, as well as a majority of episodes throughout the series first season. Cousin Pearl and her daughter Jethrine moved into the Clampett mansion in the first season, however, the female Bodines disappeared after Henning cast Benaderet in his next series Petticoat Junction, which premiered in September 1963
Bea Benaderet
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Benadaret in 1966.
Bea Benaderet
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Crypt of Bea Benaderet at Valhalla Memorial Park
24.
Jim Backus
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James Gilmore Jim Backus was an American radio, television, film, and voice actor. Among his most famous roles were the voice of nearsighted cartoon character Mr and he also starred in his own show of one season, The Jim Backus Show, also known as Hot Off the Wire. An avid golfer, Backus made the 36-hole cut at the 1964 Bing Crosby Pro-Am tournament, james Gilmore Backus was born February 25,1913, in Cleveland, Ohio, and raised in Bratenahl, Ohio, a wealthy village surrounded by greater Cleveland. He was the son of Russell Gould Backus, a mechanical engineer, Backus attended Shaw High School in East Cleveland, Ohio. Backus was expelled from the Kentucky Military Institute for riding a horse through the mess hall, Backus was acting on radio as early as 1940, playing the role of millionaire aviator Dexter Hayes on Society Girl on CBS. He also made appearances on The Beverly Hillbillies and he was also judge Bradley Stevens in I Married Joan from 1952-1955. Backus was the voice of the cartoon character Mr. Magoo. Years later, when Backus was a frequent talk show guest, henny Backus, Jims wife, recalled the story, “Jim was in the 1952 film Don’t Bother to Knock, with Marilyn Monroe. He came home one night during the filming and told me that Miss Monroe in her most seductive breathy voice asked him to meet her in her dressing room and his curiosity got the better of him and he went. Once there, she exclaimed like a child, ‘Do Mr. Magoo. ’ And Jim did. Backus costarred in the comedy show I Married Joan from 1952 to 1955, in stark contrast to his usual affluent characters, he appeared on The Brady Bunch as an old gold prospector, a role he also played on a Gilligans Island episode. He also appeared in the season episode The Hustler in which he plays Mikes boss. Backus stayed with Gilligans Island between 1964 and 1967 and did revivals of the TV series in TV films made between 1978 and 1981. He also did revivals of Mr. Magoo from 1964 to 1977, in 1977, Backus appeared in Never Con a Killer, the pilot for the ABC crime drama The Feather and Father Gang. He also co-wrote the 1971 family film Mooch Goes to Hollywood, in the late 1950s, he made two novelty 45 rpm records, Delicious and Cave Man. Backus also played the voice of God in the recording of Truth of Truths, Backus acted in several television commercials. As Mr. Magoo, he also helped advertise the General Electric line of products over the years and he was also spokesman for La-Z-Boy furniture during the 1970s. In the late 1980s, he was reunited with former co-star Natalie Schafer in an advertisement for Orville Redenbachers popcorn and they reprised their roles from Gilligans Island, but instead of still being shipwrecked, the setting was a luxurious study or den
Jim Backus
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Backus and his wife, Henny, in 1969
Jim Backus
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Virginia Brissac, Backus,
Ann Doran,
Edward Platt and
James Dean in
Rebel Without a Cause.
25.
Doris Day
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Doris Day is a retired American actress and singer, and continuing animal welfare activist. After she began her career as a big band singer in 1939, her popularity increased with her first hit recording Sentimental Journey, in 1948, Day was given a key part in the film Romance on the High Seas, despite not having any acting experience. Its director, Michael Curtiz, gave her the part since she looked like the All-American Girl and it led to a 20-year career in film, including a string of musicals and romantic comedies beginning in the 1950s. She starred with leading men such as Clark Gable in Teachers Pet, Rock Hudson in Pillow Talk and Send Me No Flowers, Cary Grant in That Touch of Mink and she was usually one of the top 10 singers between 1951 and 1966. As an actress, she became the biggest female star in the early 1960s. In 2011 – well into her late 80s – she released her 29th studio album, My Heart, among her awards, Day has received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and a Legend Award from the Society of Singers. She has been Oscar nominated six times, and in 1989 was given the Cecil B, deMille Award for lifetime achievement in motion pictures. In 2004, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom followed in 2011 by the Los Angeles Film Critics Associations Career Achievement Award. Doris Mary Ann Kappelhoff was born on April 3,1922, in Cincinnati, Ohio, the daughter of Alma Sophia, a housewife, and William Joseph Kappelhoff, All of her grandparents were German immigrants. The youngest of three siblings, she had two brothers, Richard and Paul, several years older. Due to her fathers alleged infidelity, her parents separated and she developed an early interest in dance, and in the mid-1930s formed a dance duo with Jerry Doherty that performed locally in Cincinnati. A car accident on October 13,1937, injured her legs, while recovering, Day started to sing along with the radio and discovered a talent she did not know she had. But the one radio voice I listened to above others belonged to Ella Fitzgerald. There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and Id sing along with her, trying to catch the subtle ways she shaded her voice, observing her daughter rekindled Almas interest in show business, and she decided to give Doris singing lessons. She engaged a teacher, Grace Raine, after three lessons, Raine told Alma that young Doris had tremendous potential, which led Alma to give her daughter three lessons a week for the price of one. Years later, Day said that Raine had the biggest effect on her singing style, during her radio performances, Day first caught the attention of Barney Rapp, who was looking for a girl vocalist and asked if Day would like to audition for the job. According to Rapp, he had auditioned about 200 singers when Day got the job, while working for Rapp in 1939, she adopted the stage surname Day, at Rapps suggestion. Rapp felt that Kappelhoff was too long for marquees, and he admired her rendition of the song Day After Day, after working with Rapp, Day worked with bandleaders Jimmy James, Bob Crosby, and Les Brown
Doris Day
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Publicity photo, 1957
Doris Day
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At the Aquarium Jazz Club, New York (1946)
Doris Day
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With
Gordon MacRae in
Starlift (1951)
Doris Day
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Doris Day and
Howard Keel,
Calamity Jane (1953)
26.
Stuart Erwin
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Stuart Erwin was an American actor of stage, film, and television. Erwin was born in Squaw Valley, Fresno County, California and he began acting in college in the 1920s, having first appeared on stage. He broke into films in 1928 in Mother Knows Best, in 1934, he was cast as Joe Palooka in the film Palooka. In 1932, he co-starred with Bing Crosby in the comedy The Big Broadcast, in 1936, he was cast in Pigskin Parade, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 1940, he played Howie Newsome, the dairy delivery vendor, in the film adaptation Our Town, in Walt Disneys Bambi, Erwin performed the voice of a tree squirrel. Later, Erwin appeared in the Disney films Son of Flubber, in 1946, Erwin starred in Phone Again Finnegan on CBS. He played an apartment house manager in the comedy-drama and he also played various roles on Theater Guild on the Air, Lux Radio Theatre, The Old Gold Radio Theatre and Cavalcade of America. In 1950, Erwin made the transition to television, in which he starred in Trouble with Father and he guest starred on the religion anthology series Crossroads. He guest starred on the short-lived CBS sitcom Angel, starring Annie Fargé, and on ABCs The Donna Reed Show, Our Man Higgins, with Stanley Holloway, and The Greatest Show on Earth, with Jack Palance. Stu Erwin died of an attack on December 21,1967, in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California, at age 64. Erwin has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6240 Hollywood Blvd, Stuart Erwin at the Internet Movie Database Stuart Erwin at the Internet Broadway Database Stuart Erwin at Find a Grave
Stuart Erwin
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Stuart Erwin
Stuart Erwin
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Erwin, far right, with
Pat O'Brien, Martha Tibbetts,
James Cagney, and
June Travis in
Ceiling Zero (1936)
27.
Tomboy
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Tomboy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, has been connected with connotations of rudeness and impropriety throughout its use. The OED dates the first use of the tomboy to 1592, but an earlier use is recorded in Ralph Roister Doister, which is believed to date from 1553. Joseph Lee, an advocate, believed the tomboy phase crucial to physical development between the ages of eight and thirteen in 1915. Tomboyism remained popular through World War I and World War II in society, literature, Gender scholar Judith Halberstam states that while the defying of gender roles is often tolerated in young girls, adolescent girls who display masculine traits are often repressed or punished. An increase in the popularity of sporting events and other activities that were traditionally male-dominated has broadened tolerance. Throughout history, there has been a correlation between tomboyishness and lesbianism. For instance, Hollywood films would stereotype the adult tomboy as a predatory butch dyke, lynne Yamaguchi and Karen Barber, editors of Tomboys. Tales of Dyke Derring-Do, argue that tomboyhood is much more than a phase for many lesbians, linked their self-identification as tomboys and lesbians to both labels positioning them outside cultural and gender boundaries. Pychoanalyst Dianne Elises essay reported that more lesbians noted being a tomboy than straight women, however, while some tomboys later reveal a lesbian identity in their adolescent or adult years, behavior typical of boys but displayed by girls is not a true indicator of ones sexual orientation. There have been few studies of the causality of womens behavior and interests, Tomboys have also been noted to demonstrate a stronger interest in science and technology. Effeminacy Geek girl Gender variance Girly girl Sissy Tomboys and sissies, feisty Girls and Spirited Women A film by Julie Akeret and Christian McEwen
Tomboy
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The Tomboy by
John George Brown, 1873.
28.
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis
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The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from September 29,1959, to June 5,1963. Shulman also wrote a film adaptation of his Dobie Gillis stories for MGM in 1953. Dobie Gillis is significant as the first American television program produced for a network to feature teenagers as leading characters. In other series, such as Father Knows Best and Leave It to Beaver, an even earlier 1954 series, Meet Corliss Archer, featured teenagers in leading roles and aired in syndication. Dobie Gillis broke ground by depicting elements of the counterculture, particularly the Beat Generation, Series star Dwayne Hickman would later say that Dobie represented “the end of innocence of the 1950s before the oncoming 1960s revolution”. He did not have any of these qualities in abundance, also constantly in question, by Dobie and others, was Dobies future, as the boy proved to be a poor student and an aimless drifter. His partner-in-crime was American televisions first beatnik, Maynard G. Krebs, an enthusiastic fan of jazz music, Maynard plays the bongos, collects tinfoil and petrified frogs, and steers clear of romance, authority figures, and work. Always speaking with the vernacular and slang of the beatniks and jazz musicians he admired, Dobie Gillis is set in Central City, a fictitious city in the Midwestern United States. Dobies often apoplectic father, Herbert T. Gillis, whom no one called Herb, Dobies mother, Winifred, was a usually calm and serene woman who protected Dobie to the best of her ability. As a high-school student, Dobie lived at home with his parents in the early years. Winnie Gillis once made an equivalent comment about Zelda, who was being difficult, the Gillis family also originally included an older son, Davey Gillis, who made three appearances during the first season while home on break from college before being written out of the show. Dobies two main antagonists were rich kids Milton Armitage, who appeared in five episodes, and, after Beattys departure, Chatsworth Osborne, both characters represented the wealth and popularity to which Dobie aspired, but also served as romantic and competitive rivals for Dobie. Beattys Milton was taller, better looking, and more athletic than Chatsworth, doris Packer played Clarissa Osborne, Chatsworths overbearing and snobbish mother. Dobie was hopelessly attracted to the beautiful, but unfailingly avaricious and acquisitive. Weld returned as a slightly chastened Thalia for a guest appearance in a later season, Zelda Gilroy was a brilliant and eager young girl, hopelessly in love with Dobie, much to his annoyance. Zelda did not find Dobie particularly attractive, but fell in love him because she found him helpless and needing of her care. Despite his protests, Dobie was clearly fond of Zelda, and Zelda claimed Dobie loved her but just had not realized it yet. To prove this, she would wrinkle her nose at Dobie, Dobie and Zelda would later appear as a middle-aged married couple in the two spin-off Dobie Gillis reunion projects of the 1970s/1980s
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis
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Dobie Gillis (Dwayne Hickman, left),
Maynard G. Krebs (Bob Denver, right) and one of Dobie's "many loves", Yvette LeBlanc (
Danielle De Metz), in a still from the Dobie Gillis episode "Parlez-Vous English", originally aired December 27, 1960
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis
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First season title card
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis
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Maynard was not prepared to give up his beard after entering the army.
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis
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Auguste Rodin 's statue of
The Thinker
29.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
CBS
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Paley's management saw a twentyfold increase in gross income in his first decade.
CBS
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Wholesome
Kate Smith, Paley's choice for La Palina Hour, was unthreatening to home and hearth
CBS
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When
Charlie Chaplin finally allowed the world to hear his voice after 20 years of mime, he chose CBS's airwaves to do it on.
CBS
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CBS west coast headquarters reflected its industry stature while hosting its top Hollywood talent.
30.
20th Century Fox Television
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Twentieth Century Fox Television is the television production subsidiary of 20th Century Fox, and a production arm of the Fox Television Group. 20th Television is the arm of 20th Century Fox Television. 20th Century Fox Television was formed in 1949 as other studios were branching out into production as well. At that time, the company was known as TCF Television Productions, since 1986, 20th Century Fox Television has served as the Fox television networks official production arm, producing the bulk of television series airing on the television network. TCFTV produced the first two series aired on Foxs sister network, MyNetworkTV, the telenovelas Desire and Fashion House. In 1989, 20th Century Fox Televisions functions were taken over by Twentieth Television Corporation, both companies were subsidiaries of News Corporation unit Fox Inc. the move was made to separate the television productions from the movie studio in order to increase the latters output. In 1998, MTM folded into 20th Century Fox Television, notable shows produced by 20th Century Fox Television include, M*A*S*H, Glee, How I Met Your Mother, Bones, Empire, Family Guy,24, Modern Family, This Is Us, American Dad. Sundance Fred Astaire Salutes the Fox Musicals If I Love You, Am I Trapped Forever. S. A
20th Century Fox Television
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Twentieth Century Fox Television, Inc.
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