1.
Urban service area
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All types of municipalities are governed by local residents and were incorporated under various provincial acts, with the exception of improvement districts, and Indian reserves. Alberta also has numerous unincorporated communities that are not independent municipalities in their own right, with the exception of Métis settlements, Statistics Canada recognizes all of Alberta’s municipalities as census subdivisions and groups them into 19 census divisions based on geography. Within census divisions, Statistics Canada groups some of Alberta’s municipalities/census subdivisions into two metropolitan areas or 12 census agglomerations for enumeration purposes. All CMAs include large urban centres and surrounding census subdivisions, all CAs also include large urban centres and in some cases their surrounding census subdivisions. With the exception of Indian reserves, the administration of municipalities in Alberta is regulated by the Municipal Government Act, the Special Areas Act, as of 2012, the combined unofficial population of all of Alberta’s municipalities was 3,768,284. Essentially, cities are formed from communities with populations of at least 10,000 people. Alberta currently has a total of 17 cities with a population totalling 2,501,817 as of 2012. Essentially, towns are formed from communities with populations of at least 1,000 people. When a towns population exceeds 10,000 people, its council may apply to change its status to that of a city, communities with shrinking populations are allowed to retain town status even if the number of residents falls below the 1,000 limit. Some of Albertas towns have never reached a population of 1,000 people, Alberta currently has a total of 108 towns, with a combined population totalling 458,376 as of 2012. Essentially, villages are formed from communities with populations of at least 300 people. When a villages population exceeds 1,000 people, its council may apply to change its status to that of a town, communities with shrinking populations are allowed to retain village status even if the number of residents falls below the 300 limit. Some of Albertas villages have never reached a population of 300 people, Alberta currently has a total of 95 villages, with a combined population totalling 39,546 as of 2012. These numbers reflect the recent dissolution of the villages of Derwent, as a result of Section 79 being repealed, summer villages can no longer be formed in Alberta. Essentially, summer villages were formed from urban communities with populations of less than 300 people. When a summer villages population exceeds 300 people, its council may apply to change its status to that of a village, Alberta currently has a total of 51 summer villages, with a combined population totalling 4,726 as of 2012. Albertas five specialized municipalities have a population totalling 230,625 as of 2012. Essentially, municipal districts are rural areas in which their citizens reside on farms
2.
Hamlet (place)
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A hamlet is a small human settlement. The word and concept of a hamlet have roots in the Anglo-Norman settlement of England, in English geography, a hamlet is considered smaller than a village and distinctly without a church. The word comes from Anglo-Norman hamelete, corresponding to Old French hamelet and this, in turn, is a diminutive of Old French ham, possibly borrowed from Franconian languages. Compare with modern French Hameau, Dutch heem, German Heim, Old English hām, in Australia a hamlet is a small village. Officially, a hamlet differs from a village in having no commercial premises, in Bangladesh, Hamlet is known as Para or Paara. A village is divided by more than one Para and that is the smallest partition of a place in Bangladesh. Each para contains some families, or a group of families, in Canadas three territories, hamlets are officially designated municipalities. Canadas two largest hamlets – Fort McMurray and Sherwood Park – are located in Alberta and they each have populations, within their main urban area, in excess of 60, 000—well in excess of the 10, 000-person threshold that can choose to incorporate as a city in Alberta. As such, these two hamlets have been designated by the Province of Alberta as urban service areas. An urban service area is recognized as equivalent to a city for the purposes of provincial and federal program delivery, during the 18th century, for rich or noble people, it was up-to-date to create their own hameau in their gardens. They were a group of houses or farms with rustic appearance. The best known in the Hameau de la Reine built by the queen Marie-Antoinette in the park of the Château de Versailles, or the Hameau de Chantilly built by Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé in Chantilly, Oise. Lieu-dit is another name for hamlet, the difference is that a hamlet is permanently inhabited, but a lieu-dit is not. In Germany hamlets are called Weiler and they are often part of bigger villages and municipalities. Most German hamlets are situated in Bavaria, Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse, in the low Saxon dialect of northwestern Germany hamlets are called Bauerschaft. In different states of India, there are different words for hamlet, in Gujarat a hamlet is called a nesada, which are more prevalent in the Gir forest. In Maharashtra its called a paadaa, in southern Bihar, especially in the Magadh division, a hamlet is called a bigha. All over Indonesia, hamlets are translated as small village, or kampung and they are known as dusun in Central Java and East Java, banjar in Bali, jorong or kampuang in West Sumatra
3.
Edmonton
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Edmonton /ˈɛdməntən/ is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, the city anchors the north end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The city had a population of 932,546 in 2016, making it Albertas second-largest city, also in 2016, Edmonton had a metropolitan population of 1,321,426, making it the sixth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. Edmonton is North Americas northernmost city with a population over one million. A resident of Edmonton is known as an Edmontonian, Edmontons historic growth has been facilitated through the absorption of five adjacent urban municipalities and a series of annexations ending in 1982. Known as the Gateway to the North, the city is a point for large-scale oil sands projects occurring in northern Alberta. Edmonton is a cultural, governmental and educational centre and it hosts a year-round slate of festivals, reflected in the nickname Canadas Festival City. It is home to North Americas largest mall, West Edmonton Mall, in 1754, Anthony Henday, an explorer for the Hudsons Bay Company, may have been the first European to enter the Edmonton area. By 1795, Fort Edmonton was established on the north bank as a major trading post for the Hudsons Bay Company. The new forts name was suggested by John Peter Pruden after Edmonton, London, the home town of both the HBC deputy governor Sir James Winter Lake, and Pruden. In 1876, Treaty 6, which includes what is now Edmonton, was signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Queen Victoria as Queen of Canada, as part of the Numbered Treaties of Canada. The agreement includes the Plains and Woods Cree, Assiniboine, and other governments of First Nations at Fort Carlton, Fort Pitt. The area covered by the treaty represents most of the area of the current provinces of Saskatchewan. The arrival of the CPR and the C&E Railway helped bring settlers and entrepreneurs from eastern Canada, Europe, U. S. the Edmonton areas fertile soil and cheap land attracted settlers, further establishing Edmonton as a major regional commercial and agricultural centre. Some people participating in the Klondike Gold Rush passed through South Edmonton/Strathcona in 1897, in November 1905, the Canadian Northern Railway arrived in Edmonton, accelerating growth. During the early 1900s, Edmontons rapid growth led to speculation in real estate, in 1912, Edmonton amalgamated with the City of Strathcona, south of the North Saskatchewan River, as a result, the city extended south of the North Saskatchewan River for the first time. Just prior to World War I, the boom ended, many impoverished families moved to subsistence farms outside the city, while others fled to greener pastures in other provinces. Recruitment to the Canadian army during the war contributed to the drop in population
4.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
5.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
6.
Provinces and territories of Canada
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Canadas geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance. Over its history, Canadas international borders have changed several times, the ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. Several of the provinces were former British colonies, Quebec was originally a French colony, the three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon, which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America. Together, the provinces and territories make up the worlds second-largest country by area, the powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively. In modern Canadian constitutional theory, the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions, the territories are not sovereign, but simply part of the federal realm, and have a commissioner who represents the federal government. Notes, There are three territories in Canada, unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent sovereignty and have only those powers delegated to them by the federal government. They include all of mainland Canada north of latitude 60° north and west of Hudson Bay, the following table lists the territories in order of precedence. Prior to Confederation, Ontario and Quebec were united as the Province of Canada, over the following years, Manitoba, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island were added as provinces. The Hudsons Bay Company controlled large swathes of western Canada referred to as Ruperts Land and the North-Western Territory until 1870, subsequently, the area was re-organized into the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories. The remaining Arctic islands were transferred by Britain to Canada in 1880,1898 saw the Yukon Territory, later renamed simply as Yukon, carved from the parts of the Northwest Territories surrounding the Klondike gold fields. On September 1,1905, a portion of the Northwest Territories south of the 60th parallel north became the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. In 1912, the boundaries of Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba were expanded northward, Manitobas to the 60° parallel, Ontarios to Hudson Bay, in 1907, Newfoundland acquired dominion status. In the middle of the Great Depression in Canada with Newfoundland facing a period of economic crisis. In 2001, it was officially renamed Newfoundland and Labrador, in 1903, the Alaska Panhandle Dispute fixed British Columbias northwestern boundary. This was one of two provinces in Canadian history to have its size reduced. In 1999, Nunavut was created from the portion of the Northwest Territories. Yukon lies in the portion of The North, while Nunavut is in the east. All three territories combined are the most sparsely populated region in Canada, covering 3,921,739 km2 in land area and they are often referred to as a single region, The North, for organisational and economic purposes
7.
Alberta
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Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1,2015, it is Canadas fourth-most populous province and its area is about 660,000 square kilometres. Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1,1905, the premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015. Alberta is bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U. S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to only a single U. S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces. About 290 km south of the capital is Calgary, the largest city in Alberta, Calgary and Edmonton centre Albertas two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations. Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Canmore, Drumheller, Jasper, Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Victoria, Queen of Canada, and Albert, Prince Consort. Princess Louise was the wife of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, Lake Louise and Mount Alberta were also named in her honour. Alberta, with an area of 661,848 km2, is the fourth largest province after Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. To the south, the borders on the 49th parallel north, separating it from the US state of Montana. The province extends 1,223 km north to south and 660 km east to west at its maximum width, with the exception of the semi-arid steppe of the south-eastern section, the province has adequate water resources. There are numerous rivers and lakes used for swimming, fishing, there are three large lakes, Lake Claire in Wood Buffalo National Park, Lesser Slave Lake, and Lake Athabasca which lies in both Alberta and Saskatchewan. The longest river in the province is the Athabasca River which travels 1,538 km from the Columbia Icefield in the Rocky Mountains to Lake Athabasca, the largest river is the Peace River with an average flow of 2161 m3/s. The Peace River originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows through northern Alberta and into the Slave River, Albertas capital city, Edmonton, is located approximately in the geographic centre of the province. It is the most northerly city in Canada, and serves as a gateway. The region, with its proximity to Canadas largest oil fields, has most of western Canadas oil refinery capacity, Calgary is located approximately 280 km south of Edmonton and 240 km north of Montana, surrounded by extensive ranching country. Almost 75% of the population lives in the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The land grant policy to the served as a means to populate the province in its early years
8.
Edmonton Metropolitan Region
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The ECRs commonly known boundaries are coincident with those of the Edmonton census metropolitan area as delineated by Statistics Canada. However, its boundaries are defined differently for Capital Region Board administrative purposes, the ECR is considered a major gateway to northern Alberta and the Canadian North, particularly for many companies, including airlines and oil/natural gas exploration. Located within central Alberta and at the end of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The Edmonton CMA is the largest CMA in Canada by area at 9,426.73 km2, in the 2011 Census, it had a population of 1,159,869, making it the sixth largest CMA in Canada by population. The Edmonton CMA comprises the majority of Statistics Canadas Division No.11 in Alberta, a fragmentation in regional cooperation and partnership has long played a divisive role within the ECR. As a result, Premier Ed Stelmach announced in December 2007 that a governing board would be established for Edmontons Capital Region. Four months later, the Capital Region Board was formed with the passing of the Capital Region Board Regulation by Order in Council 127/2008 under the authority of the Municipal Government Act. The CRB was originally established with 25 participating or member municipalities –23 of which were within the Edmonton CMA and two of which were outside the CMA. The number of municipalities was reduced to 24 on September 10,2010 after the Village of New Sarepta dissolved to hamlet status under the jurisdiction of Leduc County on September 1,2010. Of the 35 census subdivisions within the Edmonton CMA, the Village of Spring Lake, in March,2010, Growing Forward, The Capital Region Growth Plan, consisting of individual plans for these four components and two addenda, was approved by the Government of Alberta. The CRGP includes a population and employment forecast for the Capital Region, with a base population of 1.12 million in 2009, the CRB has forecasted the population of the Capital Region to reach 1.31 million by 2019. However, the 2019 population estimate was reached and exceeded by 2014, the CRGP also designates priority growth areas and cluster country residential areas within the Capital Region. The following is a list of municipalities in the Edmonton Capital Region, the Town of Lamont, Lamont County and members of the CRB are indicated accordingly. ^ Strathcona Countys 2011 federal census population of 92,490 includes 64,733 in the Sherwood Park urban service area, ^ Strathcona Countys 2015 municipal census population of 95,597 includes 68,782 in Sherwood Park. ^ The combined Wabamun 133A and 133B population of 1,086 includes 1,069 in Wabamun 133A and 17 in Wabamun 133B, ^ Population including Lamont and Lamont County. At the moment, two major industrial areas are in the final stages of establishment. Calgary-Edmonton Corridor Calgary Region Capital Region Board Edmonton. com - Portal to Greater Edmonton EEDC - Edmonton Economic Development Corporation Edmontons International Region
9.
Division No. 11, Alberta
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Division No.11 is a census division in Alberta, Canada. Surrounding the City of Edmonton, the majority of the division comprises Albertas Capital Region, the division also forms the northern segment of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The following census subdivisions are located within Albertas Division No.11, with a land area of 15,768 km2, it had a population density of 76.3 people per square kilometre in 2011. In 2006, Division No.11 had a population of 1,076,103 living in 443,275 dwellings, the census division has a land area of 15,754.26 km2 and a population density of 68.3 inhabitants per square kilometre. List of census divisions of Alberta List of communities in Alberta
10.
Specialized municipalities of Alberta
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A specialized municipality is a type of municipal status used in the Canadian Province of Alberta. Albertas specialized municipalities are local governments formed without the creation of special legislation. They typically allow for the coexistence of urban and rural areas within the jurisdiction of a municipal government. Applications for specialized municipality status are approved via orders in council made by the Lieutenant Governor in Council under recommendation from the Minister of AMA. Alberta has five specialized municipalities that had a population of 178,598. Albertas largest and smallest specialized municipalities are the Strathcona County and the Municipality of Jasper with populations of 92,490 and 4,051 respectively,44 elected officials provide specialized municipality governance throughout the province. An order in council to any municipality must give the municipality an official name. Of Albertas five specialized municipalities, two of them have branded themselves simply as municipalities in their names, while two others have branded themselves as counties. The remaining specialized municipality has branded itself as a regional municipality, the other major contributor to this common belief is that a county was a former municipal status type in Alberta prior to the County Act being repealed in 1995. The first specialized municipality was created on April 1,1995, the Municipality of Wood Buffalo was renamed as the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo on August 14,1996. The second specialized municipality was incorporated on January 1,1996, the Municipal District of Mackenzie No.23 became the third specialized municipality on June 23,1999. Its unique communities include the hamlets of Fort Vermilion, La Crete, the order in council that formed the MD of Mackenzie No.23 as a specialized municipality included a clause to automatically change it back to a municipal district on November 1,2001. This order in council was amended on January 30,2001, the MD of Mackenzie No.23 was renamed Mackenzie County on March 8,2007. The Jasper Improvement District was established as Albertas fourth specialized municipality under the name of the Municipality of Jasper on July 20,2001 and it was established as a specialized municipality to provide for the unique needs of residents living within the municipality. The order in council that formed the specialized municipality defined the Town of Jasper as those lands within the Jasper townsite as described in Canadas National Parks Act. The Municipality of Crowsnest Pass was originally formed as a town on January 1,1979, through the amalgamation of the towns of Blairmore and Coleman, the villages of Bellevue and Frank, and ID No.5. After another amalgamation with ID No.6 on January 1,1996, unlike those of the four other specialized municipalities, no specific reason was provided in the order in council that changed the status of Crowsnest Pass. On August 1,2007, the Town of Lac La Biche, Lac La Biche County initiated an investigation in April 2015 to change its status from municipal district to specialized municipality
11.
Strathcona County
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Strathcona County is a specialized municipality in central Alberta, Canada between Edmonton and Elk Island National Park. It is located in Division No.11 and is part of the Edmonton Census Metropolitan Area. More than half of the lives in Sherwood Park, a large community east of Edmonton that has opted to retain hamlet status. Strathcona County was designated as a municipality on January 1,1996. First officially recognized in 1893 by the legislature as Statute Labour District #2. In 1913 Statute Labour District #2 was renamed to Local Improvement District #517, by joining with local school divisions in 1962, Municipal District #83 officially became a county. On March 29,2007, Strathcona County announced plans to create a new urban community from scratch to complement Sherwood Park. This development is supposed to be dense and pedestrian friendly. However, opponents have pointed out that the development will destroy land of high agricultural value, with a land area of 1,182.78 km2, it had a population density of 82. 9/km2 in 2016. The population of Strathcona County according to its 2015 municipal census is 95,597, a change of 3. 5% from its 2012 municipal census population of 92,403. In the 2011 Census, Strathcona County had a population of 92,490 living in 33,129 of its 34,136 total dwellings, with a land area of 1,180.56 km2, it had a population density of 78. 3/km2 in 2011. The following localities are located within Strathcona County, localities Unlike most Albertan municipal districts, where council appoints a reeve, Strathcona County elects a mayor. Roxanne Carr was elected in 2013, list of communities in Alberta Specialized municipalities of Alberta Strathcona County Transit Strathcona County Library Official website
12.
Municipal incorporation
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A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located, often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter. A city charter or town charter is a document establishing a municipality such as a city or town. The concept developed in Europe during the Middle Ages and is considered to be a version of a constitution. Traditionally the granting of a charter gave a settlement and its inhabitants the right to town privileges under the feudal system, townspeople who lived in chartered towns were burghers, as opposed to serfs who lived in villages. Towns were often free, in the sense that they were protected by the king or emperor. Today the process for granting charters is determined by the type of government of the state in question, in monarchies, charters are still often a royal charter given by the Crown or the state authorities acting on behalf of the Crown. In federations, the granting of charters may be within the jurisdiction of the level of government such as a state or province. In Brazil, municipal corporations are called municípios and are created by means of legislation at the state level. All municipal corporations must also abide by a municipal law which is passed and amended at the municipal level. In Canada charters are granted by provincial authorities, in Germany, municipal corporations existed since antiquity and through medieval times, until they became out of favour during the absolutism. In order to strengthen the spirit, the city law of Prussia dated 19 November 1808 picked up this concept. It is the basis of municipal law. In India, a Municipal Corporation is a local government body. This standard varies from state to state, according to laws passed by state legislatures, the Corporation of Chennai was the first Municipal Corporation in India. It was established on 29 September 1688 by the British East India Company, the second was Hyderabad Municipal Corporation established in 1869 by the Nizam rulers of Hyderabad State. The third was the Calcutta Municipal Corporation, established in 1876, the Bombay Municipal Corporation was established in 1888 by the Bombay Municipal Corporation Act. The Delhi Municipal Council was established in 1911 during the Delhi Durbar when New Delhi was proclaimed to be the new Capital of India and it was elevated to Municipal Corporation level on 7 April 1958 by an Act of Parliament which established the Municipal Corporation of Delhi
13.
Municipal census in Canada
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Four provinces and territories in Canada have legislation that allow municipalities to conduct a municipal census. These include the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan and the territories of Nunavut, of these four provinces and territories, municipalities in Alberta were the only ones that exercise the option to conduct a municipal census as of 2006. Albertas Municipal Government Act is the legislation that allows its municipalities to conduct their own censuses. The MGA also stipulates that the Minister of Alberta Municipal Affairs may regulate how municipal populations are determined, the regulation that stipulates these is the MGAs Determination of Population Regulation. The results become the populations of the municipalities if they are accepted by the Minister of AMA. The conducting of municipal censuses in Alberta is widespread, in 2013, at least 40 municipalities conducted censuses. Alberta recognized censuses conducted by 38 of these municipalities, Municipalities choose to conduct their own censuses with the goal of acceptance by Alberta Municipal Affairs for multiple reasons. Municipal censuses allow for collection of important demographic data to assist in the planning and they also allow municipalities experiencing high levels of population growth to capitalize on increased provincial grant funding involving population per capita formulae. Some municipalities simply choose to conduct a census to verify it has grown since the last federal census, historically, municipal censuses are conducted via paper-based enumeration of households done door-to-door. During enumeration, only those people enumerated that are residents of that municipality may be included in the total population count. However, a municipality may enumerate those that are not usual residents as its shadow population if approved by the Minister of AMA, the Cities, Towns and Villages Act and the Hamlets Act enables Nunavuts municipalities to conduct their own censuses. As of 2006, municipalities in Nunavut were not exercising their opportunities to conduct their own censuses, the Municipalities Act allows municipalities within Saskatchewan to conduct their own censuses. The City of Lloydminster, which straddles Saskatchewans provincial boundary with Alberta, convinced Statistics Canada undercounted its population during the Canada 2011 Census, the Town of La Ronge conducted its own census in 2012. Municipalities in Yukon may conduct their own censuses pursuant to the Municipal Act, as of 2006, municipalities in Yukon were not exercising their opportunities to conduct their own censuses. Census in Canada Alberta Municipal Affairs Municipal Census & Population Lists
14.
Alberta municipal censuses, 2015
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Alberta has provincial legislation allowing its municipalities to conduct municipal censuses between April 1 and June 30 inclusive. Alberta had 357 municipalities between April 1 and June 30,2015, which marked the closure of the 2015 legislated municipal census period. This was reduced to 356 on July 1,2015 when the former Village of Minburn dissolved to become a hamlet under the jurisdiction of the County of Minburn No.27, at least 52 of these municipalities conducted a municipal census in 2015. Alberta Municipal Affairs recognized those conducted by 50 of these municipalities, in addition to those recognized by Municipal Affairs, censuses were conducted by the villages of Kitscoty and Warburg. Some municipalities achieved population milestones as a result of their 2015 censuses, spruce Grove grew beyond the 30,000 mark, while both the Town of Blackfalds and the County of Vermilion River eclipsed 8,000. The Town of Westlocks population resurfaced above 5,000 after first doing so in 2006, the Village of Thorsby surpassed 1,000, making it eligible to apply for town status. The following summarizes the results of the numerous municipal censuses conducted in 2015, the following is a breakdown of the results of the City of Lloydminsters 2015 municipal census by provincial component. The RM of Wood Buffalo conducted a population count in 2015. The following presents the results of this count for comparison with its concurrent municipal census results
15.
Mountain Time Zone
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The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time at the 105th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory. In the United States, the specification for the location of time zones. In the United States and Canada, this zone is generically called Mountain Time. Specifically, it is Mountain Standard Time when observing standard time, the term refers to the fact that the Rocky Mountains, which range from northwestern Canada to the US state of New Mexico, are located almost entirely in the time zone. In Mexico, this zone is known as the Pacific Zone. In the United States and Canada, the Mountain Time Zone is one ahead of the Pacific Time Zone and one hour behind the Central Time Zone. Sonora in Mexico and most of Arizona in the United States do not observe daylight saving time, and during the spring, summer, and autumn months they are on the same time as Pacific Daylight Time. The Navajo Nation, most of which lies within Arizona, does observe DST, although the Hopi Nation, as well as some Arizona state offices lying within the Navajo Nation, the largest city in the Mountain Time Zone is Phoenix, Arizona. TV broadcasting in the Mountain Time Zone is typically tape-delayed one hour, sonora – no daylight saving time, always on MST. Sinaloa Revillagigedo Islands, three of the four islands have the time as Mountain Time Zone, Isla Socorro, San Benedicto Island. The following states or areas are part of the Mountain Time Zone, Arizona – no daylight saving time, always on MST, except on the Navajo Nation. Colorado Idaho – southern half, south of the Salmon River Kansas – only the counties of Sherman, Wallace, Greeley and Hamilton, the remaining three counties that border Colorado, Cheyenne, Morton and Stanton, observe Central Time, as do all other Kansas counties. However, the state of Oklahoma is officially in the Central Time Zone. Additionally, northwestern Culberson County, Texas unofficially observes Mountain Time
16.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
17.
Anthony Henday Drive
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Anthony Henday Drive is a 77-kilometre freeway that encircles Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is a heavily travelled commuter and truck route, with the southwest quadrant serving as a portion of the CANAMEX Corridor linking Canada to the United States. Henday is one of the busiest roads in Western Canada, carrying over 105,000 vehicles per day near West Edmonton Mall, rush hour congestion is common in southwest Edmonton where traffic levels have outpaced Alberta Transportation estimates by a significant margin due to rapid suburban development. It continues east past 97 Street to Manning Drive, then south across the North Saskatchewan River a second time, entering Strathcona County, it again crosses Yellowhead Trail before passing Sherwood Park and Whitemud Drive. Continuing south to Highway 14, the road re-enters southeast Edmonton, the freeway was named after 18th century explorer Anthony Henday, one of the first European men to explore central Alberta. Its designation of 216 is derived from its bypass linkages to Edmontons two major crossroads, Highways 2 and 16. Constructed over 26 years at a cost of $4.3 billion, planning of the ring began in the 1950s, followed by design work and initial land acquisition in the 1970s, and construction of the first expressway segment beginning in 1990. Plans for Henday were developed in tandem with Stoney Trail, a freeway around Calgary. The majority of Capital Region residents reside within the approximate 20-kilometre diameter of the ring, by physical size, Edmonton is larger than both Toronto and Montreal, but has a relatively low population density. Some have argued that the freeway is a significant contributor to urban sprawl in the region, the city also lacks a free-flowing north–south route, further increasing traffic levels on Anthony Henday Drive. The roads travels primarily through suburban areas in the south and west of the city. The highest number of lanes is seven, between Aurum Road and 153 Avenue in northeast Edmonton. The entire road is paved with asphalt, except for an experimental 14.4 km concrete segment in southwest Edmonton, Alberta Transportation intended for the section to have lower long-term maintenance costs, but only six years after construction it required significant repairs. Concrete was not considered for subsequent sections of the road, Alberta Transportation considers the starting point of Anthony Henday Drive to be at Calgary Trail / Gateway Boulevard in south Edmonton, with mileage increasing clockwise around the ring. At this major interchange, two lanes of the freeway are joined by two lanes from northbound Gateway Boulevard and a third from southbound Calgary Trail. All five lanes merge into two over a distance, creating congestion in the afternoon rush hour. Two westbound lanes continue across Blackmud Creek past 111 Street to 119 Street, curving slightly to the southwest through the suburbs of south Edmonton, Henday crosses Whitemud Creek to an interchange at Rabbit Hill Road. Veering back to the northwest, the freeway passes beneath Terwillegar Drive before descending to cross the North Saskatchewan River on twin 360-metre bridges, West of the river, the four lane freeway passes Maskêkosihk Trail and Cameron Heights Drive on its way to Lessard Road and Callingwood Road
18.
Alberta Highway 16
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16, commonly referred to as Highway 16, is a major east-west highway in central Alberta, Canada, connecting Jasper to Lloydminster via Edmonton. Highway 16 spans approximately 634 km from Albertas border with British Columbia in the west to its border with Saskatchewan in the east, as of 2010, all but less than 96 km of the route was divided, with a minimum of two lanes in each direction. It is designated a core route in Canadas National Highway System, British Columbia Highway 16 becomes Alberta Highway 16 as it crosses the Continental Divide and Yellowhead Pass into Alberta, entering Jasper National Park. It travels in a direction through the Municipality of Jasper until it reaches the intersection with Highway 93. East of Highway 93, the turns to the north, passes the east access to the Jasper townsite. The segment of Highway 16 through Jasper National Park is maintained by the Government of Canada, the highway is a two lane, undivided highway for 19 km where it becomes a four lane, divided highway. The highway passes through the Town of Edson, where the highway splits into parallel one-streets, with eastbound traffic following 2 Avenue and westbound traffic following 4 Avenue. The highway intersects Highway 16A, which prior to 1997 was part of Highway 16, and passes through the Town of Stony Plain, City of Spruce Grove, the present alignment bypasses Stony Plain and serves as the northern boundary of Spruce Grove. Highway 16 is part of the CANAMEX Corridor between Highway 43 and its intersection with Anthony Henday Drive. Highway 16 passes through Edmonton along Yellowhead Trail and is maintained by the City of Edmonton, most sections of Yellowhead Trail are free-flowing, while numerous intersections between 156 Street and 50 Street are signalized. Highway 16 exits Edmonton and enters Strathcona County just west of its intersection with Anthony Henday Drive. The highway travels east and serves as the division between Edmonton and the Urban Service Area of Sherwood Park, the highway continues east past the Hamlet of Ardrossen, through Elk Island National Park, and past the Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village. The highway then passes through the municipalities of Lamont County, County of Minburn. The highway continues in a general southeast direction by Town of Mundare and the Town of Vegreville, where Highway 16A passes directly through the Vegreville. The highway continues by Hamlet of Lavoy, Hamlet of Ranfurly, Village of Innisfree, Hamlet of Minburn, Village of Mannville, Town of Vermilion, Village of Kitscoty, and Hamlet of Blackfoot. The highway is maintained by Alberta Transportation, with the exception of the segment through Elk Island National Park which is maintained by the Government of Canada, Highway 16 passes through the City of Lloydminster along Ray Nelson Drive and is maintained by the City of Lloydminster. The highway is a street and crosses into Saskatchewan at its intersection with Highway 17 where it becomes Saskatchewan Highway 16. The Yellowhead Highway follows a trail of the same name
19.
Politics of Alberta
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Politics of Alberta are centred on a provincial government resembling that of the other Canadian provinces, namely a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The capital of the province is Edmonton, where the provincial Legislative Building is located, the unicameral legislature, the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, has 87 members. Government is conducted after the Westminster model, the provincial governments revenue, although it is often described as predominantly coming from the provinces resource base, actually is derived from a variety of sources. Alberta is the province in Canada without a provincial sales tax. Alberta has a system of government similar to that of the other provinces. However, for over 80 years, the province was governed by right-wing parties, which began in 1935, with Social Credit, Edmonton was the exception to the provinces previous right-wing voting pattern, earning it the nickname Redmonton. The 2004 provincial election was an example, the Liberals and New Democrats won 15 of the citys 18 seats, stelmach gave way in 2011 to Alison Redford, the provinces first female premier. She led the Tories to a 12th consecutive election victory in 2012, Redford was forced to resign in 2014, and was ultimately succeeded by former federal minister Jim Prentice. Albertas right-wing tilt is no less pronounced on the federal level, the province was the heartland of the former Reform Party of Canada and its successor, the Canadian Alliance. These parties were the second-largest political parties in the federal Parliament from 1997 to 2003, the Canadian Alliance merged with the Progressive Conservative Party to form todays Conservative Party of Canada. Rural Alberta ridings typically give the Conservatives some of their highest margins in the country, in many cases, Albertas political stability has led to a series of political dynasties. Voters have turned a government out of only four times in 110 years. The previous two governments, prior to 2015, were among the longest-lived in the Commonwealth, for example, in the 2004 election, the Progressive Conservative party won 61 of 83 seats but obtained only 47% of the popular vote. Many of the opposition parties today include electoral reform in their policies, in its history, Alberta has seen only five parties form governments. No governing party, once defeated, has returned to power. Most of the 27 Alberta general elections held as of 2011 have resulted in overwhelming majorities in the Legislature for the governing party, no minority government has ever existed in Alberta, whether by general elections, by-elections, or floor crossings. Both the provincial Progressive Conservatives and the Reform/Alliance parties reflect Albertas more socially conservative nature when compared to other provinces, politicians elected by Albertans tend to oppose social policies such as same-sex marriage and gun control. Some Albertans continue to resent the imposition in the 1980s of the National Energy Program by the Liberal federal government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and it was considered to be an intrusion by the federal government in an area of provincial responsibility
20.
Pump track
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They are relatively simple and cheap to construct, and cater to a wide variety of rider skill levels, so are popular in council owned parks and schools. The origins of the track are BMX trails of the 1970s and 1980s. Australian downhill racers began creating the new era pump tracks around 2002, the first new era pump track in the United States was built in 2004 at The Fix Bike Shop in Boulder, Colorado, by professional downhill bicyclist Steve Wentz. Most pump tracks link a series of rollers to steeply bermed corners that bring cyclists back around, tracks are commonly constructed from soil, and can be as small as 10 x 30 feet of land
21.
Skatepark
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A skatepark, or skate park, is a purpose-built recreational environment made for skateboarding, BMX, scooter, wheelchair, and aggressive inline skating. The first skatepark in the world, Surf City at 2169 E. Speedway, Tucson, patti McGee, Women’s National Champion, was here for the grand opening. It had concrete ramps and was operated by Arizona Surf City Enterprises, a skatepark for skateboarders and skaters which had plywood ramps on a half-acre lot in Kelso, Washington, USA opened in April 1966. It was lighted for night use, Californias first skatepark, the Carlsbad Skatepark opened on March 3,1976. The World Skateboard Championships were held here on April 10,1977 and it operated until 1979, when it was buried intact beneath a layer of dirt for more than two decades, before being destroyed in 2005. The current Carlsbad Skatepark is in a different location, the East Coasts first skatepark, Ocean Bowl Skate Park, in Ocean City, Maryland, USA, opened the first week of June,1976. It is the oldest operating municipal skate park in the United States, due to time, wear and the current needs of skaters, the old bowl and ramp were torn down in the Fall of 1997 and the new park opened in July 1998. In 1999 the City of Hermosa Beach, California opened a small skatepark at the site of the first skateboard competition, the competition held at the Pier Avenue Junior Hugh School was organized by Dewey Weber across the street from his surf and skateboard shop. Makaha Skateboards was a sponsor of the competition, in 1987 an all wooden indoor skate park opened in Bristol, CT called CT Bike that is still in business today over 20 years later. CT Bike is where Tony Hawk made his debut when he was just a boy on his first East Coast tour. The indoor skate park today is operated by the same family who built the park despite a fire that threatened the park in 1988. In more extreme climates, parks were built indoors, often of wood or metal, by the end of the 1970s, the skateboarding fad had waned, and the original parks of the era began to close. A downturn in the general market in the 1980s and high liability insurance premiums contributed to the demise of the original skateparks. Some second-generation parks such as Upland, Californias Pipeline survived into the 1980s, however, few of the private parks of the 1970s remain, with the notable exception of Kona Skatepark in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. However, many public parks of that era can still be found throughout Western Europe, Australia, the modern skatepark designs of the Pacific Northwest can be traced back to Burnside Skatepark, a DIY barge build beneath the Burnside Bridge in Portland, Oregon. Skateboarders used an area populated primarily by the undesirable elements to create a skatepark. The process is called design/build, and is a characteristic of many skateparks today, the design/build process ensures that adjacent skatepark features are harmonious and rideable, allowing skateboarders to create endless lines to ride among the many features. Street skating has blurred the line between skateparks and street spots, some cities are starting to put in skate spots/plazas with features that would not have been classically designed for skateboarding, but can be skated by street skaters legally
22.
Ice hockey
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Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball
23.
Sherwood Park Crusaders
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The Sherwood Park Crusaders are an ice hockey team in the Alberta Junior Hockey League. They play in Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada, at the Sherwood Park Arena, the AJHL franchise was revived from a dormant entry controlled by Jim McCaddie. The Edmonton Crusaders played two seasons in the AJHL, in 1978, a group of Sherwood Park businessmen, headed by John Fisher, Frank Chase, and Al Bishop, moved the franchise to Sherwood Park. John Fisher, a Sherwood Park resident and former Edmonton Oiler, after a game on February 21,1980, the AJHL was shaken by a tragedy. Twenty-year-old Trevor Elton, Captain of the Sherwood Park Crusaders was hit cleanly along the boards by a player on the St. Albert Saints in St. Albert, Elton landed and went into convulsions and died later that night while in hospital. During the 1985–86 season Brett Pearce suffered an injury which left him paralyzed. During the same season, the Crusaders capture the AJHL North Division Championship, in 1986–87 the Crusaders capture the Regular Season Championship, followed by another North Division Championship in 1989–90. On July 2,1996, Crusaders General Manager and part owner, since the start of the Crusaders in Sherwood Park, there have been a great number of prominent business and sports personalities involved with making the franchise a success. Most importantly, the support of our fans and the local business community who have stood with the team since the beginning are the major keys to our success. At the conclusion of the 1998 season the team was purchased from Art Cox by a group of businessmen headed by Tom Maxwell. The group has turned the club into a non-profit society with a commitment to be in Sherwood Park for many years to come. The Crusaders have recently undergone a restructuring with a commitment to being a positive force in the community. The 98–99 season was certainly a year for identifying the clubs needs, the Cru finished last in the North Division with a 13–44–3–2 record, but the seasons main objective was met and the rebuilding process began. In 1999, nearly all of the Crusaders were new faces, behind the scenes, management began signing players like Braydon Cox, Mark Smith, Calvin Brown, Sean Dersch, and Michael Ringrose, who would become key parts in the Crusaders future. On the ice, the finished with a dismal 7-52-3-2 record. But with a lineup, many players were developed well getting much more ice time than they normally would have. Once again, backstopped by the goaltending of Scott Rowan, the Cru sneaked into the playoffs with a 20–29–6–2 record. Still, the process continued, and losing only five players
24.
Alberta Junior Hockey League
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The Alberta Junior Hockey League is an Alberta-based Junior A ice hockey league that belongs to the Canadian Junior Hockey League. It was formed as a league in 1964. There are currently 16 teams in the league, the regular season league champions receive the Dave Duchak Trophy. The playoff champions receive the Gas Drive Cup, the winner of the AJHL playoffs continues on to play in the Western Canada Cup in a round robin tournament with the MJHL, SJHL, AJHL and BCHL. The winner of the Western Canada Cup competes in the Junior A National Championship for the Royal Bank Cup, the early 1960s saw a much different junior hockey scenario in Alberta than what currently exists. The Edmonton Oil Kings were the only true Junior-A-calibre team in the province, the Oil Kings were the Western Canadian champions from 1962 until 1966, Abbott Cup champions in 1954 and from 1960 to 1966, and Memorial Cup national champions in 1963 and 1966. In 1966, the Oil Kings helped create the Western Hockey League, the issue in 1964 was that there were hundreds of junior-calibre players in the province, but really only one team to play for. A group of business and hockey people got together in 1964, the original league consisted of the Edmonton Safeway Canadians, the Edmonton Maple Leafs, the Lethbridge Sugar Kings, Calgary Cowboys, and the Calgary Buffaloes. The Edmonton Safeway Canadians and Maple Leafs later merged in 1971 to become the Edmonton Mets and they lasted only three seasons in Spruce Grove, however, they won the AJHL title twice, and the Manitoba Centennial Trophy in 1975. In 1976, they moved again to become the St. Albert Saints, in 2004, the team returned to Spruce Grove as the Spruce Grove Saints. This well-travelled franchise has sent over 30 players into the National Hockey League, one of the AJHLs most famous franchises, the Red Deer Rustlers, joined the league in 1967, capturing the championship in their first season. The Rustlers had attempted to join the Western Canada Junior Hockey League, but were blocked by the Alberta Amateur Hockey Association, in 1971, the Rustlers captured the first Manitoba Centennial Trophy as national Junior A champions. The Rustlers, who featured all six Sutter brothers who would go on to the National Hockey League, won eight AJHL titles and they were expelled from the league, however, in 1989, and formally folded in 1992 when the Red Deer Rebels joined the WHL. In 1971, the Calgary Canucks were founded following the demise of the Cowboys, today, the Canucks are the oldest franchise still operating in the AJHL. It was founded with a mandate to focus on giving Calgary-area kids a place to play while focusing on their educational needs. The Canucks have captured a record nine AJHL championships and won the Centennial Cup in 1995. After a game on February 21,1980, the AJHL was shaken by a tragedy, twenty-year-old Trevor Elton, Captain of the Sherwood Park Crusaders was hit cleanly along the boards by a player on the St. Albert Saints in St. Albert, Alberta. Elton landed and went into convulsions and died later that night while in hospital, on November 26,2010, the Fort McMurray Oil Barons and Drayton Valley Thunder played the first ever modern era regulation outdoor junior hockey game at MacDonald Island in Fort McMurray
25.
Cam Ward
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Cameron Kenneth Ward is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League. Ward was born and raised in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and in the Edmonton suburb of Sherwood Park, during his three-year junior career in the Western Hockey League, he was selected 25th overall by the Hurricanes in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. After a season with the Hurricanes American Hockey League affiliate, the Lowell Lock Monsters and he became the first starting goaltender to win the NHL championship as a rookie since Patrick Roy in 1986. Ward spent his career with the Red Deer Rebels of the Western Hockey League. After appearing in one game for the Rebels in 2000–01, Ward played three seasons with the team from 2001–2004, leading them to the WHL finals twice. Ward was drafted 25th overall by the Carolina Hurricanes in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft, upon graduating from the WHL, Ward signed a multi-year, entry-level contract with the Hurricanes on May 13,2004. Due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout, he was assigned to Carolinas American Hockey League affiliate, joining the Hurricanes for the 2005–06 NHL season, Ward largely served in a backup role to Swiss goalie Martin Gerber during the regular season. He made his NHL debut on October 5,2005, replacing Gerber after the starter injured his hamstring and he saved 10 of 11 shots in the third period, as the Hurricanes lost 5–2 to the Tampa Bay Lightning. He made his first NHL start the game two days later in the clubs home opener against the Pittsburgh Penguins. Ward turned aside Mario Lemieux, Žigmund Pálffy and Sidney Crosby in a shootout, Ward completed his NHL rookie season with 14 wins and 8 losses, along with a 3.68 goals against average. In the opening round of the 2006 Stanley Cup Playoffs, the Hurricanes faced a two-win deficit against the Montreal Canadiens, with Gerber struggling in the series, Hurricanes coach Peter Laviolette turned to Ward. The goaltending switch prompted Carolina to a comeback, advancing to the second round against the New Jersey Devils. After eliminating the Devils, the Hurricanes defeated the Buffalo Sabres in seven games, facing the Edmonton Oilers in the 2006 Stanley Cup Finals, he helped the Hurricanes to the franchises first Stanley Cup. In doing so, he became the first rookie goaltender to lead his team to the Stanley Cup as a starter since Patrick Roy in 1986, against Edmonton, he also became the first rookie goaltender to both play and record a shutout in the Finals since Roy. He tied the record for wins in the playoffs, previously held by Roy and Ron Hextall. After his heroics in the 2006 Stanley Cup Playoffs, Ward became the Hurricanes starting goaltender for the 2006–07 season and he recorded season stats of 30–21–6 and 37–25–5 in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 campaigns, respectively. The Hurricanes would miss the playoffs both years, the Hurricanes, however, would reach the Eastern Conference Finals in the 2008–09 season before bowing out to the eventual Stanley Cup champion Pittsburgh Penguins. Ward went 8–10 with a 2.67 GAA during the playoffs, Ward and the Hurricanes struggled to begin the 2009–10 season, as Ward went 2–9–3 to start the campaign
26.
Daymond Langkow
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Daymond Randolph Langkow is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He was the fifth overall selection of the Tampa Bay Lightning at the 1995 NHL Entry Draft and he played junior hockey with the Tri-City Americans in the Western Hockey League and is their franchise record holder for career goals at 159. He won the Bob Clarke Trophy in 1995 as the WHL scoring leader with 140 points, Langkow made his NHL debut in 1995 with the Lightning, and also played for the Philadelphia Flyers, Phoenix Coyotes and Calgary Flames. He has scored 30 goals twice in his career, both with the Flames, and scored more than 50 points in eight seasons between 1999 and 2008. He was a nominee for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy in 1997 and has played over 1,000 games in the NHL and his older brother, Scott, was also a professional hockey player. Langkow was selected by the Tri-City Americans in the round of the 1991 Western Hockey League Bantam Draft. He completed the 1991–92 season with the Edmonton Pats of the Alberta Midget Hockey League and he joined Tri-City full-time in 1992–93, scoring 22 goals and 64 points in 64 games and improved to 40 goals and 83 points in 1993–94. Langkow averaged nearly two points per game in 1994–95, scoring 140 points in 72 games and he was named the recipient of the Bob Clarke Trophy as the top scorer in the WHL, and was named to the WHL West and Canadian Hockey League First All-Star Teams. He finished as the runner-up to Marty Murray for the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as the WHLs most valuable player, the Tampa Bay Lightning selected Langkow fifth overall in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft. On the eve of the 1995–96 season, the Lightning signed him to a three-year and he made his National Hockey League debut on October 7,1995 against the Calgary Flames. Langkow appeared in four games with the Lightning before he was returned to Tri-City and he scored 91 points in 48 games with the Americans and was named to the WHLs West Second All-Star Team. As of 2012, he remains the Americans franchise record holder for most career goals with 159, Langkow represented Canada at the 1996 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships where he won a gold medal. Langkow rejoined the Lightning for the 1996–97 NHL season and scored 15 goals and 28 points in his rookie season and he scored his first NHL goal on November 19,1996 against the Los Angeles Kings, and was named the NHLs rookie of the month for February 1997. He fell to 22 points in 1997–98 and ended the season in a dispute with the Lightning when he refused a demotion to the Adirondack Red Wings of the American Hockey League, the Lightning suspended him indefinitely, but told the media they were not interested in trading him. He missed seven games and lost $63,000 in salary before the Lightning relented and recalled him to finish the season in Tampa, Langkow was assigned to the Cleveland Lumberjacks of the International Hockey League to begin the 1998–99 season amidst trade rumours but was recalled after four games. He was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers along with Mikael Renberg on December 12,1998 in exchange for Chris Gratton, while he was considered a throw-in for the Flyers who made the trade to re-acquire Renberg, Langkow flourished in Philadelphia. They re-signed Langkow to a contract extension following the season. He set new highs in goals and assists in 1999–2000, finishing with 50 points
27.
Sherwood Park Freeway
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Sherwood Park Freeway is a 7. 1-kilometre freeway that connects east Edmonton to Sherwood Park in Alberta, Canada. It begins in the Gainer Industrial area where Argyll Road and 82 Avenue merge before intersecting 50 Street and it then curves slightly northeast through industrial areas in southeast Edmonton across 34 Street into Strathcona County, then across 17 Street after which the freeway ends at Anthony Henday Drive. It then continues into Sherwood Park as Wye Road and it is primarily a commuter route, with heavier weekday volume westbound in the morning and eastbound in the afternoon as residents of Sherwood Park commute to Edmonton. Whitemud Drive took over the designation of Highway 14 upon its completion in the late 1990s, Sherwood Park Freeway is a suburban freeway with a grass median for its entire length, bisecting industrial and commercial areas in southeast Edmonton and at the western edge of Strathcona County. The freeway begins south of the Kenilworth neighbourhood in the Gainer Industrial area, immediately east of 71 Street, two lanes each from 82 Avenue and Argyll Road converge, eventually merging to form two eastbound lanes with a posted speed limit of 80 km/h. The freeway then reaches a diamond interchange at 34 Street. Between 34 Street and Anthony Henday Drive, the boundary between Edmonton and Strathcona County follows the edge of Sherwood Park Freeways right of way. The speed limit is reduced to 80 km/h prior to a diamond interchange at 17 Street. Shortly after 17 Street, the freeway meets Anthony Henday Drive at a cloverstack interchange. A high capacity, two-lane, semi-directional flyover carries traffic eastbound on Sherwood Park Freeway to northbound Anthony Henday Drive, the other three left turn movements are provided by loop ramps. 800 m east of Anthony Henday Drive, the Highway 100 and Sherwood Park Freeway designations officially end, Wye Road continues through Sherwood Park becoming Highway 630 at Highway 21, travelling through the rural areas of Strathcona County, eventually connecting with Highway 14 west of Tofield. The eastern half of the route from 34 Street to Anthony Henday Drive is designated as Highway 100 by Alberta Transportation, the western segment is under the jurisdiction of the City of Edmonton. In the early 1900s, Wye Road followed the alignment of present-day 76 Avenue out of Edmonton to the east, by the 1920s it had become a secondary unsurfaced thoroughfare, and was later named Highway 14. The cloverleaf interchange at the freeways east end was completed in 1965, and it was four lanes wide and included an additional interchange immediately east of 17 Street that has since been removed. After completion of Sherwood Park Freeway, the existing Highway 14 was renamed to Highway 14A, further south, Whitemud Drive was constructed and eventually extended east to reach Highway 14. It then assumed the designation of Highway 14 to a new terminus at Calgary Trail, the Highway 14A designation has since been removed from 76 Avenue, and the portion of Sherwood Park Freeway within Strathcona County was eventually renumbered Highway 100. Extensive upgrades to the end of the freeway were finished in 2016 as part of a project completing the final northeast segment of the Anthony Henday Drive ring road. The 17 Street bridge was demolished and reconstructed to be twice as wide with two each way
28.
Alberta Municipal Affairs
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Alberta Municipal Affairs is a ministry of the Executive Council of Alberta. In October 2015, Deron Bilous was replaced as the Minister for Municipal Affairs by Danielle Larivee, libraries, community and voluntary sector services, previously under the authority of Alberta Community Development, were amalgamated in the new ministry. Albertas Ministry of Municipal Affairs includes Municipal Services and Legislation, Municipal Assessment and Grants, Corporate Strategic Services, the ministry also has oversight of the Municipal Government Board, the Alberta Emergency Management Agency, and the Special Areas Board. This division is responsible for municipal inspections, viability reviews. Branches include Municipal Services and Major Legislative Projects and Strategic Planning and this division is also responsible for the Municipal Sustainability Initiative program, Federal Gas Tax program, and assessment of all linear property in Alberta. Branches include Assessment Services and Grants and Education Property Tax, Corporate Strategic Services provides support, advice and other assistance to other divisions within Municipal Affairs. Corporate Strategic Services is also responsible for the Public Library Services Branch, Public Safetys mandate includes safe buildings, equipment and facilities and emergency response, regulated by the Safety Codes Act. Public Safety comprises Safety Services, the New Home Warranty and the Office of the Fire Commissioner, the Municipal Government Board is a provincial tribunal in Alberta, Canada. It is established pursuant to the Municipal Government Act, the MGB hears appeals from subdivision applications involving a provincial interest, appeals of linear property assessments, intermunicipal disputes, municipal annexations, and other matters. Alberta Municipal Affairs - Ministry website Government of Alberta - Municipal Affairs
Sherwood Park
