1.
2008 Summer Olympics
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A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees competed in 28 sports and 302 events. China became the 22nd nation to host the Olympic Games and the 18th to hold a Summer Olympic Games. It was the time that the Summer Olympic Games were held in East Asia and Asia, after Tokyo, Japan, in 1964 and Seoul, South Korea. Beijing was awarded the Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001, the Government of the Peoples Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transportation systems. A total of 37 venues were used to host the events, the official logo of these Olympic Games, titled Dancing Beijing, refers to the host city by featuring a stylized calligraphic character jīng. The Games were the second most watched Olympics in history, attracting 4.7 billion viewers worldwide, there were 43 world records and 132 Olympic records set at the 2008 Summer Olympics. An unprecedented 86 countries won at least one medal during the Games, Chinese athletes won the most gold medals with 51, and with 100 medals in total became only the 7th different Olympic team to top an overall medal tally. The United States won the most total medals with 110, the games were deemed highly successful with the rising standard of competition among nations across the world. Beijing was elected as the host city for the 2008 Summer Olympics on 13 July 2001, during the 112th IOC Session in Moscow, defeating bids from Toronto, Paris, Istanbul, and Osaka. Prior to the session, five other cities had submitted bids to the IOC, after the first round of voting, Beijing held a significant lead over the other four candidates. Osaka received only six votes and was eliminated, in the second round, Beijing was supported by a majority of voters, eliminating the need for subsequent rounds. Torontos bid was their 5th failure since 1960, the size of China, its increased enforcement of doping controls, and sympathy concerning its loss of the 2000 Summer Olympics to Sydney were all factors in the decision. Eight years earlier, Beijing had led every round of voting for the 2000 Summer Olympics before losing to Sydney by two votes in the final round. Human rights concerns expressed by Amnesty International and politicians in both Europe and the United States were considered by the delegates, according to IOC Executive Director François Carrard, Carrard and others suggested that the selection might lead to improvements in human rights in China. In addition, a number of IOC delegates who had formerly been athletes expressed concern about heat and air quality during the Games, China outlined plans to address these environmental concerns in its bid application. The Oxford Olympics Study 2016 estimates the outturn cost of the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics at USD6.8 billion in 2015-dollars and this includes sports-related costs only, that is, operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e. g. The Beijing Olympics cost of USD6.8 billion compares with costs of USD4.6 billion for Rio 2016, average cost for the Summer Games since 1960 is USD5.2 billion. They went on to claim that revenues from the Games would exceed the original target of $16 million
2.
Shooting sports
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A shooting sport is a competitive sport involving tests of proficiency using various types of guns, such as firearms and airguns. Shooting sports are categorized by the type of firearm, target, for similar reasons, concerned over poor marksmanship during the American Civil War, veteran Union officers Col. William C. Church and Gen. George Wingate formed the National Rifle Association of America in 1871 for the purpose of promoting and encouraging rifle shooting on a scientific basis. In 1872, with help from New York state, a site on Long Island. Named Creedmoor, the range opened in 1872, and became the site of the first National Matches until New York politics forced the NRA to move the matches to Sea Girt, New Jersey. The popularity of the National Matches soon forced the event to be moved to its present, much larger location, Camp Perry. In 1903, the U. S. Congress created the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice, the NBPRP also participates in the National Matches at Camp Perry. In 1903, the NRA began to establish rifle clubs at all colleges, universities. By 1906, youth programs were in full swing with more than 200 boys competing in the National Matches, french pistol champion and founder of the modern Olympics, Pierre de Coubertin, participated in many of these early competitions. This fact certainly contributed to the inclusion of five shooting events in the 1896 Olympics, over the years, the events have been changed a number of times in order to keep up with technology and social standards. The targets that formerly resembled humans or animals in their shape, at the same time, some events have been dropped and new ones have been added. The 2004 Olympics featured three shooting disciplines where athletes competed for 51 medals in 10 mens and 7 womens events—slightly fewer than the previous Olympic schedule, the Olympic Games continue to provide the shooting sports with its greatest public relations opportunity. The sport has always enjoyed the distinction of awarding the first medals of the Games, internationally, the International Shooting Sport Federation has oversight of all Olympic shooting events worldwide, while National Governing Bodies administer the sport within each country. Having originally established shooting as a sport in the USA. The NRA dutifully managed and financially supported international and conventional shooting sports for over 100 years until the formation of USA Shooting, modern competitive archery involves shooting arrows at a target for accuracy from a set distance or distances. A person who participates in archery is called an archer or a bowman—and a person who is fond of or an expert at archery is sometimes called a toxophilite. The most popular competitions worldwide are called target archery, another form, particularly popular in Europe and America, is field archery, which generally is shot at targets set at various distances in a wooded setting. There are also several other lesser-known and historical forms, as well as archery novelty games, note that the tournament rules vary from organization to organization
3.
Beijing
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Beijing is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China and the worlds third most populous city proper. It is also one of the worlds most populous capital cities, the city, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by population after Shanghai and is the nations political, cultural. It is home to the headquarters of most of Chinas largest state-owned companies, and is a hub for the national highway, expressway, railway. The citys history dates back three millennia, as the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political centre of the country for much of the past eight centuries. Beijing was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium A. D, the city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates. Its art treasures and universities have made it centre of culture, encyclopædia Britannica notes that few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural centre of an area as immense as China. Siheyuans, the traditional housing style, and hutongs, the narrow alleys between siheyuans, are major tourist attractions and are common in urban Beijing. The city hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and was chosen to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, many of Beijings 91 universities consistently rank among the best in China, of which Peking University and Tsinghua University are ranked in the top 60 universities in the world. Beijings Zhongguancun area is known as Chinas Silicon Valley and Chinas center of innovation. According to the 2016 InterNations Expat Insider Survey, Beijing ranked first in Asia in the subcategory Personal Finance Index, expats live primarily in urban districts such as Dongcheng and Chaoyang in the east, or in suburban districts such as Shunyi. Over the past 3,000 years, the city of Beijing has had other names. The name Beijing, which means Northern Capital, was applied to the city in 1403 during the Ming Dynasty to distinguish the city from Nanjing, the English spelling is based on the pinyin romanisation of the two characters as they are pronounced in Standard Mandarin. Those dialects preserve the Middle Chinese pronunciation of 京 as kjaeng, the single Chinese character abbreviation for Beijing is 京, which appears on automobile license plates in the city. The official Latin alphabet abbreviation for Beijing is BJ, the earliest traces of human habitation in the Beijing municipality were found in the caves of Dragon Bone Hill near the village of Zhoukoudian in Fangshan District, where Peking Man lived. Homo erectus fossils from the date to 230,000 to 250,000 years ago. Paleolithic Homo sapiens also lived more recently, about 27,000 years ago. Archaeologists have found neolithic settlements throughout the municipality, including in Wangfujing, the first walled city in Beijing was Ji, a city from the 11th to 7th century BC
4.
India at the Olympics
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India first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900, with a lone athlete winning two medals- both silver- in athletics. The nation first sent a team to the Summer Olympic Games in 1920, India has also competed at several Winter Olympic Games beginning in 1964. Indian athletes have won a total of 28 medals so far, for a period of time, India national field hockey team was dominant in Olympic competition, winning eleven medals in twelve Olympics between 1920 and 1980. India then sent a team to the 1920 Olympics, comprising four athletes, the Indian Olympic movement was then established during the 1920s, some founders of this movement were Dorab Tata, A. G. Noehren, H. C. Buck, Moinul Haq, S. Bhoot, A. S, bhagwat, and G. D. Sondhi, Lt. Col H. L. O. In 1923, a provisional All India Olympic Committee was formed, the Indian delegation at the Paris Olympics comprised seven athletes, seven tennis players and team manager Harry Buck. Thus, at the 1928 national games, it selected seven athletes to represent India at the next Olympics, by this time, the Indian Hockey Federation had also been established and it sent a hockey team to the Olympics. The national hockey team and additional sportspersons were similarly sent to the Olympic Games in 1932 and 1936, the delegation was headed by a chef-de-mission. Vijender Singh got the countrys first medal in boxing with his medal in Middleweight category. The 2012 Summer Olympics saw an 83-member Indian contingent participating in the games, wrestler Sushil Kumar became the first Indian with multiple individual Olympic medals since Norman Pritchard in 1900. Saina Nehwal won bronze medal in badminton in Womens singles getting the countrys first Olympic medal in badminton, pugilist Mary Kom became the first Indian woman to win a medal in boxing with her bronze medal finish in Womens flyweight category. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, a number of 118 athletes competed. Sakshi Malik became the first Indian woman wrestler to win an Olympic medal with her bronze medal finish in Womens freestyle 58 kg category, shuttler P. V. Sindhu became the first Indian woman to win a silver medal in Olympics and also the youngest Indian Olympic medallist. This list provides a compendium of all the participants/competitors of India in the summer Olympic games. This list provides a compendium of all the participants/competitors of India in the winter Olympic games. Category, Olympic competitors for India India at the Paralympics India at the Asian Games India at the Commonwealth Games Olympic Gold Quest India
5.
Abhinav Bindra
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Abhinav Bindra is an Indian professional shooter and businessman and is a World and Olympic champion in the 10 m Air Rifle event. By winning the gold in the 10 m Air Rifle event at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and it was also Indias first gold medal since 1980, when the Mens Field Hockey Team won the gold. Abhinav won Gold Medal in 2014 Commonwealth Games at Glasgow, in 2014, Abhinav Bindra joined the GoSports Foundation, Bangalore as a member of their board of advisors. In collaboration with the GoSports Foundation, he will provide support to Indias up. In May 2016, the Indian Olympics Association appointed Abhinav Bindra as the Goodwill Ambassador for Rio 2016 Olympic Games Indian Contingent, recently in Rio 2016 Summer Olympics, Bindra finished 4th in the finals of 10m Air Rifle Event. On 5 September,2016 - Abhinav Bindra announced his retirement to give way to younger generation, Abhinav Bindra was born in the home of Punjabi family. He studied at The Doon School for two years before moving to St. Stephens School, Chandigarh, he graduated from Stephens in 2000 and his parents had an indoor shooting range installed at their home in Patiala, Punjab. His Mentor was Dr. Amit Bhattacharjee who has closely associated with him since the beginning of his career. Bhattacharjee and Lt. Col. Dhillon were the first ones to spot the potential in Abhinav, Bindra was the youngest Indian participant at the 2000 Olympic Games. His current coach is a five-time Olympic shooter Gabriele Bühlmann from Basel, Switzerland, in the 2000 Olympics Bindra achieved a score of 590, placing him 11th in the qualification round, meaning he did not qualify for the finals since only the top eight competed in the finals. After his disappointing performance, Bindra was 17 years at that time, at 15, Abhinav Bindra became the youngest participant in the 1998 Commonwealth Games. His breakthrough, though came when he won a Bronze in the 2001 Munich World Cup with a new world record score of 597/600. Bindra was also the youngest Indian participant at the 2000 Olympic Games and he won six gold medals at various international meets in 2001. In 2000 he was honoured with the Arjuna Award and the prestigious Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2001, in the Air rifle event at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, Manchester, he won Gold in the Pairs event. Bindra also won Silver in the individual event, in the 2004 Athens Olympics, despite breaking the Olympic record Bindra failed to win a medal. He scored 597 in the round and was placed third behind Qinan Zhu. In the finals, Abhinav finished with 97.6 points, last in the field of eight and his sub-par finals dropped him from third to seventh. On 24 July 2006, Bindra became the first Indian shooter to win a World Championship gold in Zagreb, Dr. Karni Singhs Silver in 1962 was the previous best by an Indian in a World Championship meet
6.
Beijing Shooting Range Hall
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The Beijing Shooting Range Hall is a shooting hall located in Shijingshan District, Beijing. It hosted the qualifying rounds and finals of ten shooting events at the 2008 Summer Olympics, consisting of all 10-, 25- and it was the venue of the first gold medal awarded at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The entire shooting sports events for the 2008 Summer Paralympics were also held at this venue, construction of the venue broke ground on July 13,2004 and was completed on July 28,2007. It was used for a pre-Olympic test event in April 2008 as part of the 2008 ISSF World Cup, the qualification competition hall contains 10m, 25m, and 50 m target ranges. The final competition hall contains sealed 10m, 25m, and 50m target ranges, the venue has a total seating capacity for 8,600 spectators, with 2,170 permanent seats and 6,430 removable seats. The qualification competition halls can seat 6,100 and the competition hall can seat 2,500. The Beijing Shooting Range Hall was designed to reflect the shape of a hunting bow and this design takes into consideration the origins of the sport of shooting—hunting in the forest. The Shooting Halls qualification competition halls and the competition hall are connected by the venues main entrance. Post-Games, the venue will host important international and Chinese shooting competitions and serve as the base for the Chinese national shooting team. Parts of the venue might be used as a national defense teaching facility, additionally, the venue may be used to promote shooting as a sport to the public and to promote the Olympic spirit
7.
Beijing Shooting Range Clay Target Field
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The Beijing Shooting Range Clay Target Field is a shooting range in the Shijingshan District of Beijing, China. It was under renovation and was completed in August 2007 for the 2008 Summer Olympics, at the 2008 Olympics, the shooting range hosted mens and womens skeet shooting and trap shooting events. It has floor space of 6,170 square metres with a capacity of 5,000 seats which was reduced to 1,047 after the Games
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