The siege of Bukhara took place in February 1220, during the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire. Genghis Khan, ruler of the Mongol Empire, had launched a multi-pronged assault on the Khwarazmia
Fourteenth-century depiction of Genghis Khan's speech
The Otrar Catastrophe was a siege that took place between December 1219 and February 1220 during the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire at Otrar, a large trading city on the Syr Darya river. In
The remnants of the citadel at Otrar, which was comprehensively destroyed by the Mongols.
A depiction of Terken Khatun (left) after her later capture by the Mongols.