Constantinople was besieged by the Arabs in 674–678, in what was the first culmination of the Umayyad Caliphate's expansionist strategy against the Byzantine Empire. Caliph Mu'awiya I, who had emerged
Europe, the Byzantine Empire and the Umayyad empire c. 650
Gold nomisma of Constantine IV
The Golden Gate of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople
Depiction of the use of Greek fire, from the Madrid Skylitzes. It was used for the first time during the first Arab siege of Constantinople, in 677 or 678.
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the dynasty of Heraclius between 610 and 711 AD. The Heraclians presided over a period of foreign invasions like the last Byzantine-Sasanian War and the M
The Byzantine Empire after Heraclius reconquered the Eastern Provinces from the Sassanids.
Solidus of Heraclius' reign, showing his son Constantine III as co-emperor.
The Arsanias River, now known as the Murat River in modern Turkey.
Battle between Heraclius and the Persians. Fresco by Piero della Francesca, c. 1452