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Arab and Berber Muslim troops retreating from Narbonne after the Frankish conquest in 759. Illustration by Émile Bayard, 1880.
Arab and Berber Muslim troops retreating from Narbonne after the Frankish conquest in 759. Illustration by Émile Bayard, 1880.
Septimania during Pepin's expedition and conquest (752–759)
Septimania during Pepin's expedition and conquest (752–759)
Umayyad Hispania in 732, Septimania is to the northeast, around Carcassonne
Umayyad Hispania in 732, Septimania is to the northeast, around Carcassonne