Sigismund III Vasa
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Sigismund III Vasa was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden from 1592 to 1599. He was the first Polish sovereign from the House of Vasa. Zealo
Portrait by Pieter Soutman, c. 1624
John III, his wife Catherine Jagiellon and young Sigismund imprisoned at Gripsholm, as imagined in an 1859 painting by Józef Simmler
Sigismund in his youth, 1585
Chancellor Jan Zamoyski staunchly opposed the pro-Habsburg alliance.
Charles IX of Sweden
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Charles IX, also Carl, reigned as King of Sweden from 1604 until 1611. He was the youngest son of King Gustav I and his second wife, Margaret Leijonhufvud, the brother of King John III and half-brothe
Sigismund III Vasa
…deceased father in 1592, the Polish–Swedish union was created. Opposition in Protestant Sweden caused a war against Sigismund headed by Sigismund's uncle Charles IX of Sweden, who deposed him in 1599. Sigismund attempted to hold absolute power in all his dominions and frequently undermined parliament. He suppressed internal…
Charles IX by an unknown artist, Nationalmuseum
Charles's parents as shown on their grave monument
Duke Charles (as he then was called) in 1596 by H. Nützel
Duke Karl Insulting the Corpse of Klaus Fleming (Painting by Albert Edelfelt, 1878, Fleming's wife Ebba Stenbock on the right)