Signal transduction
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Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed
3D medical animation still showing signal transduction
An overview of integrin-mediated signal transduction, adapted from Hehlgens et al. (2007)
Occurrence of the term "signal transduction" in MEDLINE-indexed papers since 1977
Second messenger system
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Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the target cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers. Second messengers trigger physiol
Signal transduction
…while receptors are the signal transducers, which then activate primary effectors. Such effectors are typically proteins and are often linked to second messengers, which can activate secondary effectors, and so on. Depending on the efficiency of the nodes, a signal can be amplified (a concept known as signal…
General Schematic of Second Messenger Mechanism