1.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
2.
Denmark
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The term Danish Realm refers to the relationship between Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands and Greenland—three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark. The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a sovereign state. The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 when the Kalmar Union was ratified, legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution. Beginning in 1953, state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm, a less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is the Commonwealth of the Realm. In 1978, The Unity of The Realm was for the first time referred to as rigsfællesskabet. The name caught on and since the 1990s, both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet in daily parlance. The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government, the Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979. In 2005, the Faroes received a self-government arrangement, and in 2009 Greenland received self rule, the Danish Realms unique state of internal affairs is acted out in the principle of The Unity of the Realm. This principle is derived from Article 1 of the Danish Constitution which specifies that constitutional law applies equally to all areas of the Danish Realm, the Constitutional Act specifies that sovereignty is to continue to be exclusively with the authorities of the Realm. The language of Denmark is Danish, and the Danish state authorities are based in Denmark, the Kingdom of Denmarks parliament, with its 179 members, is located in the capital, Copenhagen. Two of the members are elected in each of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Government ministries are located in Copenhagen, as is the highest court, in principle, the Danish Realm constitutes a unified sovereign state, with equal status between its constituent parts. Devolution differs from federalism in that the powers of the subnational authority ultimately reside in central government. The Self-Government Arrangements devolves political competence and responsibility from the Danish political authorities to the Faroese, the Faroese and Greenlandic authorities administer the tasks taken over from the state, enact legislation in these specific fields and have the economic responsibility for solving these tasks. The Danish government provides a grant to the Faroese and the Greenlandic authorities to cover the costs of these devolved areas. The 1948 Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands sets out the terms of Faroese home rule, the Act states. the Faroe Islands shall constitute a self-governing community within the State of Denmark. It establishes the government of the Faroe Islands and the Faroese parliament. The Faroe Islands were previously administered as a Danish county, the Home Rule Act abolished the post of Amtmand and these powers were expanded in a 2005 Act, which named the Faroese home government as an equal partner with the Danish government
3.
Regions of Denmark
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Denmark, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, is a Scandinavian country in Europe and a sovereign state. The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, Denmark also comprises two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has an area of 42,924 square kilometres. The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand, the islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate. The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 10th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea, Denmark, Sweden and Norway were ruled together under the Kalmar Union, established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523. Denmark and Norway remained under the monarch until outside forces dissolved the union in 1814. The union with Norway made it possible for Denmark to inherit the Faroe Islands, Iceland, beginning in the 17th century, there were several cessions of territory to Sweden. In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements, Denmark remained neutral during World War I. In April 1940, a German invasion saw brief military skirmishes while the Danish resistance movement was active from 1943 until the German surrender in May 1945, the Constitution of Denmark was signed on 5 June 1849, ending the absolute monarchy which had begun in 1660. It establishes a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy, the government and national parliament are seated in Copenhagen, the nations capital, largest city and main commercial centre. Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm, devolving powers to handle internal affairs, Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948, in Greenland home rule was established in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009. Denmark became a member of the European Economic Community in 1973, maintaining certain opt-outs, it retains its own currency, the krone. It is among the members of NATO, the Nordic Council, the OECD, OSCE. The etymology of the word Denmark, and especially the relationship between Danes and Denmark and the unifying of Denmark as a kingdom, is a subject which attracts debate. This is centred primarily on the prefix Dan and whether it refers to the Dani or a historical person Dan and the exact meaning of the -mark ending. Most handbooks derive the first part of the word, and the name of the people, from a word meaning land, related to German Tenne threshing floor. The -mark is believed to mean woodland or borderland, with references to the border forests in south Schleswig. The first recorded use of the word Danmark within Denmark itself is found on the two Jelling stones, which are believed to have been erected by Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth
4.
Municipalities of Denmark
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Denmark is divided into five regions, which contain 98 municipalities. This structure was established per an administrative reform, effective Monday 1 January 2007 which replaced the counties with five regions, the 270 municipalities were consolidated into 98 larger units, most of which have at least 20,000 inhabitants. The reason was to give the new municipalities greater financial and professional sustainability, many of the responsibilities of the former counties were taken over by the enlarged municipalities. Presented in a report put forward as a proposal by the government in April 2004, the report on the structural reform of the public sector was first presented 9 January 2004 by the commission which was set up by the government 1 October 2002. The archipelago of Ertholmene is not part of any municipality, but is administered by the Ministry of Defence, the existing coat of arms of the municipalities. The average land area of a Danish municipality is 432.59 km2,167.08 square miles, the Constitution of Denmark states, Article 82. The right of municipalities to manage their own affairs independently, under State supervision,2,522 municipal councillors were elected on Tuesday 15 November 2005 being the first councils elected since the new reform. The number of councillors was reduced to 2,468 in the 2009 elections, in 1997 there were 4,685 municipal and 374 county councillors in the then 275 municipalities and 14 counties. As an example of the reduction in the number of councillors, Bornholm then had a total of 122 councillors in five municipalities, after the merger on 1 January 2003, of the five municipalities and the county, there was one single municipal council with 27 municipal councillors. These guidelines replaced the old guidelines with the elections in 2005 after the laws initiating the structural reform were passed in parliament. Council elections are held on the third Tuesday of November every four years, the previous were held on 19 November 2013 and the next are due to be held on 21 November 2017. 32 municipalities including those of the recently formed Ærø Municipality and Bornholm Regional Municipality remained unchanged and were not merged with other municipalities, copenhagen County was not included in the municipal reform of 1 April 1970. This is probably because the municipality was extremely populous. Thus the number of municipalities was 277 from 1 April 1970 to 1 April 1974, still, the reform is called The municipal reform of 1970, because the decisive changes happened 1 April 1970, when 1098 municipalities were reduced to 277. Also on 1 April 1974, Avedøre, which was part of Glostrup Municipality, was conjoined with Hvidovre Municipality and this combination was logical, as Avedøre bordered Hvidovre, but was separated from Glostrup. This brought the number of municipalities down to 271 from 1 January 2003, the final agreement from 2005 included more parties. Until 1978 the fiscal year from 1 April to 31 March was in use in the sector since a law was passed in 1849. As a consequence of a law passed by the Folketing in 1976, many reforms and laws passed prior to 1979 therefore have effect from 1 April
5.
Silkeborg Municipality
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Silkeborg municipality is a municipality in Region Midtjylland on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 857.16 km², and has a population of 89,707 and its mayor is Steen Vindum, of the party Venstre. The main town and the site of its council is the town of Silkeborg. On 1 January 2007 Silkeborg municipality was, as the result of Kommunalreformen, merged with Gjern, Kjellerup, the town is of Silkeborg is divided north and south by the lake, Silkeborg Langsø, which at the eastern side of the town, resolves into the Guden River. Silkeborg was the town of COBRA painter Asger Jorn, and has several interesting art museums and excibitions, including Museum Jorn
6.
Central Europe Time
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Central European Time, used in most parts of Europe and a few North African countries, is a standard time which is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. The time offset from UTC can be written as +01,00, the same standard time, UTC+01,00, is also known as Middle European Time and under other names like Berlin Time, Romance Standard Time, Paris Time or Rome Time. The 15th meridian east is the axis for UTC+01,00 in the world system of time zones. As of 2011, all states of the European Union observe summer time. A number of African countries use UTC+01,00 all year long,1890 The areas of current Croatia start using CET. The areas of current Hungary start using CET.1891 The areas of current Czech Republic start using CET.1 April 1893 The German Empire unified its time zones to use CET. The areas of current Austria start using CET.1894 Switzerland switches from UTC+00,30 to CET Liechtenstein introduces CET, denmark adopts CET.1895 Norway adopts CET.1900 Sweden adopts CET.1904 Luxemborg introduces CET, but leaves 1918. 1914–1918 During World War I CET was implemented in all German-occupied territories,1920 Lithuania adopts CET, but rescinds in 1940. 1922 Poland adopts CET.1940 Under German occupation, The Netherlands was switched from UTC+00,20 to CET, France, which had adopted Paris time on 14 March 1891 and Greenwich Mean Time on 9 March 1911, was switched to CET. After World War II Monaco, Spain, Andorra and Gibraltar implemented CET, portugal used CET in the years 1966–1976 and 1992–1996. The time around the world is based on Universal Coordinated Time which is synonymous with Greenwich Mean Time. From late March to late October, clocks in the United Kingdom are put forward by one hour for British Summer Time, since 1997, most of the European Union aligned with the British standards for BST. Central European Time is thus always one hour ahead of British time, Central European Time is sometimes referred to as continental time in the UK. Several African countries use UTC+01,00 all year long, where it called West Africa Time, although Algeria and Tunisia also use the term Central European Time, between 2005 and 2008, Tunisia observed daylight saving time. Libya also used CET during the years 1951–1959, 1982–1989, 1996–1997, for other countries see UTC+01,00 and West Africa Time. Legal, political and economic, as well as physical or geographical criteria are used in the drawing of time zones so official time zones rarely adhere to meridian lines. The CET time zone, were it drawn by purely geographical terms, as a result, there are European locales that despite lying in an area with a physical UTC+1 time, actually use another time zone. Conversely, there are European areas that have gone for UTC+1, even though their physical time zone is UTC, UTC−1, or UTC+2
7.
East Jutland metropolitan area
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East Jutland metropolitan area or Greater Aarhus is a geographic term for an area in Jutland and Funen, Denmark. The term denotes a functional coherent area linked by both infrastructure and labour across municipal boundaries, with about 1.4 million people living in the area it represents approximately 25% of the population of Denmark and is the second largest Metropolitan area after Greater Copenhagen. The region has 19 municipalities as of 2016, the area consist of Business Region Aarhus with a population of 960,000 to the north, and Trekantsområdet with 418,000 people in the south. The metropolitan area is a hub for education and is home to many large companies, in particular in the sectors of food production, agriculture, renewable energy. Major companies includes Vestas Wind Systems A/S and Arla Foods, among cooperative dairy companies, Arla is the third largest in the world. The primary harbour of the region is Aarhus harbour and it is the largest industrial harbour in Denmark and among largest in Northern Europe, only surpassed by the Swedish industrial harbour in Gothenburg in the Kattegat sea area. With modern facilities, it handles approximately 12 million tonnes of cargo per year and is therefore among the 100 biggest containerports in the world, Greater Aarhus boasts a unique position in the global wind energy market. It is home to some of the world’s biggest manufacturers of wind turbines and constitutes the world’s most advanced knowledge center. An array of suppliers and subcontractors, covers the supply chain. The wind business cluster here has a legacy of cooperation between manufacturers, suppliers, scientific communities and public authorities. Note that on 24 February 2016, Viborg municipality became a part of Business Region Aarhus, contributing with a population of 95,776 and an area of 1,409 km2. The core area around Aarhus is the most populated area in East Jutland, the figures below are for the core area centered on Aarhus and most populous area in the East Jutland metropolitan area as of 1 January 2016. The figures below are for the whole East Jutland metropolitan area as of 1 January 2016
8.
Jutland
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Jutland, also known as the Cimbric or Cimbrian Peninsula, is a peninsula of Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of Denmark and the northern portion of Germany. The names are derived from the Jutes and the Cimbri, respectively, jutlands terrain is relatively flat, with open lands, heaths, plains and peat bogs in the west and a more elevated and slightly hilly terrain in the east. Jutland is a peninsula bounded by the North Sea to the west, the Skagerrak to the north, geographically and historically, Jutland comprises the regions of South Jutland, West Jutland, East Jutland and North Jutland. There are several subdivisions and regional names, some of which are still occasionally encountered today. They include Nørrejyllland, Sydvestjylland, Nordvestjylland and Slesvig, historically, Jutland was regulated by the Law Code of Jutland. This civic code covered the Jutland Peninsula from the north of the River Eider to Funen as well as the North Jutlandic Island. The Danish part of Jutland is currently divided into three regions, North Denmark Region, Central Denmark Region and Region of Southern Denmark. These three regions have an area of 29,775 km2, a population of 2,599,104. The northernmost part of Jutland is separated from the mainland by the Limfjord and this area is called the North Jutlandic Island, Vendsyssel-Thy or simply Jutland north of the Limfjord, it is only partly co-terminous with the North Jutland region. Inhabitants of Als would agree to be South Jutlanders, but not necessarily Jutlanders, the Danish Wadden Sea Islands and the German North Frisian Islands stretch along the southwest coast of Jutland in the German Bight. Jutland has historically been one of the three lands of Denmark, the two being Scania and Zealand. Before that, according to Ptolemy, Jutland or the Cimbric Chersonese was the home of Teutons, Cimbri, many Angles, Saxons and Jutes migrated from Continental Europe to Great Britain starting in c.450 AD. The Angles themselves gave their name to the new emerging kingdoms called England and this is thought by some to be related to the invasion of Europe by the Huns from Asia. Saxons and Frisii migrated to the region in the part of the Christian era. Old Saxony was later on referred to as Holstein, during the First World War, the Battle of Jutland in the North Sea west of Jutland was one of the largest naval battles in history. In this pitched battle, the British Royal Navy engaged the Imperial German Navy, the British fleet sustained greater losses, but remained in control of the North Sea, so in strategic terms, most historians regard Jutland either as a British victory or as indecisive. The distinctive Jutish dialects differ substantially from standard Danish, especially West Jutlandic, dialect usage, although in decline, is better preserved in Jutland than in eastern Denmark, and Jutlander speech remains a stereotype among many Copenhageners and eastern Danes. Administratively, Danish Jutland comprises three of Denmarks five regions, namely the Region Nordjylland, Region Midtjylland and the half of Region of Southern Denmark
9.
Paper mill
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A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags and other ingredients. While the use of human and animal powered mills was known to Chinese and Muslim papermakers, the general absence of the use of water-power in Muslim papermaking is suggested by the habit of Muslim authors to call a production center not a mill, but a paper manufactory. Although scholars have identified paper mills in Abbasid-era Baghdad in 794–795, in the Moroccan city of Fez, Ibn Battuta speaks of 400 mill stones for paper. Since Ibn Battuta does not mention the use of water-power and such a number of water-mills would be grotesquely high, the passage is generally taken to refer to human or animal force. An exhaustive survey of milling in Al-Andalus did not uncover a single water-powered paper mill, Burns remains altogether sceptical given the isolated occurrence of the reference and the prevalence of manual labour in Islamic papermaking elsewhere. Likewise, the identification of early hydraulic stamping mills in medieval documents from Fabriano, the earliest certain evidence to a water-powered paper mill dates to 1282 in the Spanish Kingdom of Aragon. A decree by the Christian king Peter III addresses the establishment of a royal molendinum, the first permanent paper mill north of the Alps was established in Nuremberg by Ulman Stromer in 1390, it is later depicted in the lavishly illustrated Nuremberg Chronicle. From the mid-14th century onwards, European paper milling underwent an improvement of many work processes. The size of a paper mill prior to the use of machines was described by counting the number of vats it had. Thus, a one vat paper mill had only one vatman, one coucher, by the early 20th century, paper mills sprang up around New England and the rest of the world, due to the high demand for paper. At this time, there were many leaders of the production of paper, one of such was the Brown Company in Berlin. During the year 1907, the Brown Company cut between 30 and 40 million acres of woodlands on their property, which extended from La Tuque, Quebec, Canada to West Palm, “Log drives” were conducted on local rivers to send the logs to the mills. By the late 20th and early 21st-century, paper began to close. Due to the addition of new machinery, many millworkers were laid off, Paper mills can be fully integrated mills or nonintegrated mills. Integrated mills consist of a mill and a paper mill on the same site. Such mills receive logs or wood chips and produce paper, modern paper machines can be 500 feet in length, produce a sheet 400 inches wide, and operate at speeds of more than 60 miles per hour. The two main suppliers of paper machines are Metso and Voith, Paper pollution Cutting stock problem List of paper mills Burns, Robert I. Paper comes to the West, 800−1400, in Lindgren, Uta, mann Verlag, pp. biz - Paper world directory and search engine for the pulp and paper world List of paper mills on paper and print monthly
10.
Denmark in World War II
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During most of World War II, Denmark was first a protectorate, then an occupied territory under Germany. On 9 April 1940, Germany invaded Denmark in Operation Weserübung, on 29 August 1943 Germany placed Denmark under direct military occupation, which lasted until the Allied victory on 5 May 1945. Contrary to the situation in countries under German occupation, most Danish institutions continued to function relatively normally until 1945. Just over 3,000 Danes died as a result of the occupation. Overall this represents a low mortality rate when compared to other occupied countries. An effective resistance movement developed by the end of the war, the occupation of Denmark was initially not an important objective for the German government. The decision to occupy its northern neighbor was taken to facilitate a planned invasion of the strategically more important Norway. However, as late as February 1940 no firm decision to occupy Denmark had been made, the issue was finally settled when Adolf Hitler personally crossed out the words die Nordspitze Jütlands and replaced them with Dä, a German abbreviation for Denmark. In a much more vague and longer-term way, some Nazis hoped to incorporate Denmark into a greater Nordic Union at some stage, officially Germany claimed to be protecting Denmark from a British invasion. At 4,15 on the morning of 9 April 1940, in a coordinated operation, German ships began disembarking troops at the docks in Copenhagen. Although outnumbered and poorly equipped, soldiers in parts of the country offered resistance, most notably the Royal Guard in Copenhagen. At the same time as the crossing, German planes dropped the notorious OPROP. Leaflets over Copenhagen calling for Danes to accept the German occupation peacefully, colonel Lunding from the Danish armys intelligence office later confirmed that Danish intelligence knew the attack would be coming on either 8 or 9 April and had warned the government accordingly. The Danish ambassador to Germany, Herluf Zahle, issued a warning which was also ignored. As a result of the turn of events, the Danish government did not have enough time to officially declare war on Germany. Denmark was in a position in any event, however. Its territory and population were too small to hold out against Germany for any sustained period, unlike Norway, Denmark had no mountain ranges from which a drawn-out resistance could be mounted. The flat territory of Jutland was an area for the German army to operate in
11.
Gestapo
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The Gestapo, abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei, or the Secret State Police, was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various security agencies of Prussia into one organization. Then from 27 September 1939 forward, it was administered by the Reichssicherheitshauptamt and was considered an organization to the SS Sicherheitsdienst. This gave Göring command of the largest police force in Germany, soon afterward, Göring detached the political and intelligence sections from the police and filled their ranks with Nazis. On 26 April 1933, Göring merged the two units as the Geheime Staatspolizei, which was abbreviated for a stamp and became known as the Gestapo. He originally wanted to name it the Secret Police Office, and its first commander was Rudolf Diels, a protégé of Göring. Diels was appointed with the title of chief of Abteilung Ia of the Political Police of the Prussian Interior Ministry, Diels was best known as the primary interrogator of Marinus van der Lubbe after the Reichstag fire. In late 1933, the Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick wanted to integrate all the forces of the German states under his control. Göring outflanked him by removing the Prussian political and intelligence departments from the interior ministry. Göring himself took over the Gestapo in 1934 and urged Hitler to extend the agencys authority throughout Germany and this represented a radical departure from German tradition, which held that law enforcement was a Land and local matter. In this, he ran into conflict with Heinrich Himmler, who was chief of the second most powerful German state. Frick did not have the muscle to take on Göring by himself so he allied with Himmler, with Fricks support, Himmler took over the political police of state after state. Concerned that Diels was not ruthless enough to counteract the power of the Sturmabteilung, Göring handed over control of the Gestapo to Himmler on 20 April 1934. Also on that date, Hitler appointed Himmler chief of all German police outside Prussia, Heydrich, named chief of the Gestapo by Himmler on 22 April 1934, also continued as head of the SS Security Service. Himmler wanted to free himself entirely from Roehm, who he viewed as an obstacle, roehms position was menacing as upwards of over 4. Several Nazi chieftains, among them Goering, Joseph Goebbels, Rudolf Hess, both the SD and Gestapo released information concerning an imminent putsch by the SA. Once persuaded, Hitler acted by setting Himmlers SS into action, on 17 June 1936, Hitler decreed the unification of all police forces in the Reich and named Himmler as Chief of German Police. This action effectively merged the police into the SS and removed it from Fricks control, Himmler was nominally subordinate to Frick as police chief, but as Reichsführer-SS, he answered only to Hitler
12.
Himmelbjerget
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Himmelbjerget is a hill located between Ry and Silkeborg, Denmark in the area known as Søhøjlandet. With a height of 147 m, Himmelbjerget is one of the highest natural points in the Danish landscape. The hill and surrounding area has been a center for gatherings and celebrations for more than 200 years and in 1875. Himmelbjerget was believed to be the highest natural point in Denmark until 1847, an amusing detail is the sign to the boat at the peak. Himmelbjerget grew to fame in Denmark during the 19th century, as people gathered here to admire the magnificent views, on top of the hill is a 25. Close to the top are more monuments, most honouring individuals, in those days, several steamboats began ferrying visitors back and forth to Himmelbjerget, from various destinations across Julsø and The Silkeborg Lakes. This tradition is alive and the historic steamship Hjejlen, carries passengers here from the towns of Ry. There are several hiking routes in the area of Søhøjlandet. There are also plenty of opportunity to small scale hiking experiences on, Møllehøj List of hills and mountains in Denmark Himmelbjerget Tårnkomitéen. Himmelbjerget - not the tallest but the most beautiful The Nature Agency, the highest peaks of Denmark Danskebjerge. dk Himmelbjerget Tårnkomitéen. Hiking Route Aarhus-Silkeborg Århus Amt Himmelbjerget, Sletten and Slåensø The Nature Agency, a pamphlet on hiking in the area
13.
Jyske Bank
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Jyske Bank A/S is the third largest Danish bank in terms of market share. The headquarters are located in Silkeborg, and the bank has offices, branches, or subsidiaries in Denmark, France, Germany, Gibraltar, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. It is the third-largest bank to be listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange, the current CEO of Jyske Bank is Anders Dam. The bank employs some 4000 individuals and these banks trace their roots back to the mid-19th Century. 1968 - Jyske Bank acquired Banken for Brædstrup og Omegn,1970 - Jyske Bank acquired Samsø Bank. 1970 - Jyske Bank acquired Odder Landbobank,1981 - Jyske Bank acquired Copenhagen-based Finansbanken, giving it national coverage. 1983 - Jyske Bank acquired Vendelbobanken,1989 - Jyske Bank acquired Holstebro Bank. 2011 - Jyske Bank acquired most of Fjordbank Mors and this is the oldest Scandinavian-owned subsidiary in Switzerland. In 1985 the subsidiarys name became Jyske Bank,1983 - Jyske Bank established an office in London and three years later upgraded it to a branch. 1984 - Jyske Bank established an office of Jyske Bank Private Banking in Fuengirola on the Spanish Costa del Sol. 1987 Jyske Bank acquired Banco Galliano in Gibraltar, a family-owned bank, Jyske Bank acquired Hamburger Handelsbank, giving it a branch in Hamburg. 1988 - Jyske Bank converted its representative office in Spain into a subsidiary that it converted back to a representative office. 2002 - Jyske bank formed an alliance with Nykredit to become a major actor in the Danish finance industry. 2003 - Jyske Bank established representative office for Jyske Bank Private Banking in Cannes,2004 Jyske Bank established a representative office in Poland to conduct private banking. Jyske Bank acquired 60% of Berbens Effectenkantoor in Echt, Netherlands,2007 - Jyske Bank Private Banking closed the offices in Warsaw and Fuengirola. 2008 - Jyske Bank closed its branch in London, JN Data A/S Jyske Finans A/S Silkeborg Datacentral A/S Jyske Bank Jyske Bank Ltd
14.
Tollund Man
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Tollund Man is a naturally mummified corpse of a man who lived during the 4th century BC, during the period characterised in Scandinavia as the Pre-Roman Iron Age. He was found in 1950 on the Jutland Peninsula in Denmark, such a find is known as a bog body. The mans physical features were so well-preserved that he was mistaken at the time of discovery for a recent murder victim, twelve years before Tollund Mans discovery, another bog body, Elling Woman, had been found in the same bog. On 6 May 1950, brothers Viggo and Emil from the village of Tollund on the Jutland peninsula were cutting peat in the Bjældskovdal peat bog,12 kilometres west of Silkeborg. As they worked, one of their wives, who was helping to load the peat on a carriage and it appeared so fresh that the workers believed they had discovered a recent murder victim. After much deliberation, the woman notified the police in Silkeborg, the find was reported to the police on Tuesday 8 May 1950. They were baffled by the condition of the body and, in an attempt to identify the time of death, upon initial examination, Glob suggested that the body was over 2,000 years old and most likely the victim of a ritual sacrifice. The Tollund Man lay 50 metres away from ground, buried under approximately 2 metres of peat. He wore a pointed cap made of sheepskin and wool. There was a smooth hide belt around his waist, additionally, the corpse had a noose made of plaited animal hide drawn tight around the neck and trailing down his back. Other than these, the body was naked and his hair was cropped so short as to be almost entirely hidden by his cap. There was short stubble on his chin and upper lip, suggesting that he had not shaved on the day of his death. Scholars believe the man was a sacrifice rather than executed criminal because of the arranged position of his body. C14 radiocarbon dating of Tollund Man indicated that he died in approximately 375–210 BC, the preserved tender soft tissues of his body are the consequence of the acid in the peat, along with the lack of oxygen underneath the surface and the cold climate of the Nordic countries. The acid in the peat, needed for the preservation of a body is caused by a bryophyte named Sphagnum. Sphagnum fight against degradation due to resistant phenolic compounds contained in their cell walls, due to the acidity of peat, bones are typically dissolved rather than preserved. Examinations and X-rays showed that the head was undamaged, and his heart, lungs. The Silkeborg Museum estimated his age as approximately 40 years and height at 1.61 metres and it is likely that the body had shrunk in the bog
15.
Old Town Hall (Silkeborg)
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The Old Town Hall in Silkeborg, Denmark, was built in 1857 and now houses the local tourist office. The town hall was built in 1857 to designs by H. C, zeltner, who had also designed the town halls in Horsens and Skanderborg. It remained in use until 1970 when a new hall was inaugurated on Søvej. The building was used as a courthouse but was decommissioned in connection with the 2007 Danish Judicial Reform which reduced the number of municipalities in Denmark. It was then empty for a couple of years. The two-storey town hall is built in brick to a Historicist design and it has crow-stepped gables and has a short hexagonal tower with a copper-clad spire projecting from the middle of the main facade facing the square. The building was listed in 1978, the building now houses the local tourist office as well as several local organisations
16.
Steamboat
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A steamboat is a boat that is propelled primarily by steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels. Steamboats sometimes use the prefix designation SS, S. S. or S/S or PS, the term steamboat is used to refer to smaller, insular, steam-powered boats working on lakes and rivers, particularly riverboats. As using steam became more reliable, steam power became applied to larger, Early attempts at powering a boat by steam were made by the French inventor Denis Papin and the English inventor Thomas Newcomen. Papin invented the steam digester and experimented with closed cylinders and pistons pushed in by atmospheric pressure, Papin proposed applying this steam pump to the operation of a paddlewheel boat and tried to market his idea in Britain. He was unable to convert the piston motion into rotary motion. Newcomens design did solve the first problem, but remained shackled to the inherent limitations of the engines of the time, a steamboat was described and patented by English physician John Allen in 1729. In 1736, Jonathan Hulls was granted a patent in England for a Newcomen engine-powered steamboat, William Henry of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, having learned of Watts engine on a visit to England, made his own engine. In 1763 he put it in a boat, the boat sank, and while Henry made an improved model, he did not appear to have much success, though he may have inspired others. At its first demonstration on 15 July 1783, Pyroscaphe travelled upstream on the river Saône for some fifteen minutes before the engine failed, presumably this was easily repaired as the boat is said to have made several such journeys. Following this, De Jouffroy attempted to get the government interested in his work, De Jouffroy did not have the funds for this, and, following the events of the French revolution, work on the project was discontinued after he left the country. Similar boats were made in 1785 by John Fitch in Philadelphia and William Symington in Dumfries and this boat could typically make 7 to 8 miles per hour and traveled more than 2,000 miles during its short length of service. The Fitch steamboat was not a success, as this travel route was adequately covered by relatively good wagon roads. The following year, a boat made 30-mile excursions, and in 1790. Miller sent King Gustav III of Sweden an actual version,100 feet long. Miller then engaged engineer William Symington to build his patent steam engine drove a stern-mounted paddle wheel in a boat in 1785. The boat was successfully tried out on Dalswinton Loch in 1788 and was followed by a steamboat the next year. The boat was built by Alexander Hart at Grangemouth to Symingtons design with a cylinder engine. Trials on the River Carron in June 1801 were successful and included towing sloops from the river Forth up the Carron and thence along the Forth, in 1801, Symington patented a horizontal steam engine directly linked to a crank
17.
SS Hjejlen
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SS Hjejlen is one of the worlds oldest operational paddle steamers, built in 1861 by Baumgarten & Burmeister, commissioned by a group of citizens headed by paper manufacturer Michael Drewsen. She is used to carry tourists between Silkeborg and Himmelbjerget, but in 1932 she also became a mail boat. Hjejlens engine has two cylinders with a diameter of 10 cm and a length of 42 cm each. The engine yields 40 hp and goes up to 8 kn, in 2011 Hjejlen celebrated her 150th anniversary with Queen Margrethe II in attendance. A commemorative coin was issued by the National Bank of Denmark
18.
Asger Jorn
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Asger Oluf Jorn was a Danish painter, sculptor, ceramic artist, and author. He was a member of the avant-garde movement COBRA and the Situationist International. He was born in Vejrum, in the northwest corner of Jutland, Denmark, the largest collection of Asger Jorns works—including his major work Stalingrad—can be seen in the Museum Jorn, Silkeborg, Denmark. He was the second oldest of six children, a brother to Jørgen Nash. Both of his parents were teachers and his father, Lars Peter Jørgensen, was a fundamentalist Christian who died in a car crash when Asger was 12 years old. His mother, Maren, née Nielsen, was more liberal and this early heavy Christian influence had a negative effect on Asger who began progressively to inwardly rebel against it, and more generally against other forms of authority. In 1929, aged 15, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis although he made a recovery from it after spending three months on the west coast of Jutland, by the age of 16 he was influenced by N. F. S. Also at about this time Jorn became the subject of a number of oil paintings by the painter Martin Kaalund-Jørgensen, in 1936 he traveled to Paris to become a student of Kandinsky. In 1937 he joined Le Corbusier in working on the Pavillon des Temps Nouveaux at the 1937 Paris Exhibition and he returned again to Denmark in the summer of 1937. He again traveled to Paris in the summer of 1938, before returning to Denmark, traveling to Løkken, Silkeborg, Asger Jorn was a good friend of the Danish art dealer Børge Birch, owner of Galerie Birch, who sold his art as early as the 1930s. Later on Jorn held many exhibitions and solo exhibitions in different galleries. From 1937 to 1942, he studied at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen, the occupation of Denmark by Nazi Germany was a time of deep crisis for Jorn, who had been deeply inculcated with pacifism, initially sinking him into deep depression. He subsequently became active in the communist resistance movement, during the war he also co-founded with the architect Robert Dahlmann Olsen the underground art group, Helhesten or hell-horse, and was a contributor to its journal. He was also the first person to translate Franz Kafka into Danish and he traveled again to France where he, together with Christian Dotremont and Constant, founded COBRA, and edited monographs of the Bibliothèque Cobra. He returned, impoverished and seriously ill with tuberculosis, to Silkeborg in 1951, the following year he traveled to Albissola Marina in Italy where he became involved with an offshoot of COBRA, the International Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus. In 1954 he met Guy Debord, who was to become a close friend, the two men collaborated on two artists books, Fin de Copenhagen and Mémoires, along with prints, and forewords to each others work. Here he applied his scientific and mathematical knowledge drawn from Henri Poincaré, Jorn never believed in a conception of the Situationist ideas as exclusively artistic and separated from political involvement. He was at the root and at the core of the Situationist International project, such general principles were applied by Jorn to painting
19.
Museum Jorn, Silkeborg
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Museum Jorn, Silkeborg, is a Danish art museum located in beautiful surroundings by Gudenåen in Silkeborg, Denmark. Museum Jorn holds the collections that were developed by Asger Jorn from the early 1950s until his death in 1973, Museum Jorns history dates back to 1940 when a museum association of Silkeborg and Neighbourhood made its first acquisitions of art. In 1951, a room in the local history museum in Silkeborg was converted to hold modern art. In 1961 the museum opened an exhibition at the premises of a building in Silkeborg. In 1973 the museum took over the school building, where the museum was housed until 1982. At Asger Jorns birthday, the third of March,1982, the building was designed by the architect Niels Frithiof Truelsen and was inspired by Constantin Brâncușis studio in front of Centre Pompidou in Paris. Because of the large international collection, own acquisitions, and artists’. This resulted in an extension that was inaugurated in 1998, the extension was also designed by Niels Frithiof Truelsen. Thereby, the area was increased to 3,200 m2 along with a daylight free gallery in the basement for exhibition of works on paper. In 2010 the museum underwent a renovation and changed its name to Museum Jorn. A modern Cobra Forum was designed so that now can immerse themselves in the museums extensive research material on and by Asger Jorn in electronic media and in books. With the reopening and change of name it is highlighted that the museum continue to challenge its current role. The many new initiatives are part of the strategy to respond to Jorns vision for the museum, Museum Jorn houses over 20,000 works by more than 500 different artists from around the world. By Jorn is seen some 100 paintings, and as many works, graphics. Two of his works, the painting Stalingrad, and the fourteen-meter-long tapestryThe Long Journey. The museums own collection begins around 1900 with work groups of Johannes Holbek, Julius Paulsen, Albert Gottschalk and from the following decades Jens Adolf Jerichau and Aksel Jørgensen. From the second half of the 20th century works of Sonja Ferlov, Erik Ortvad, Frank Rubin, Paul Gernes, Per Kirkeby, the collection also contains works by artists from Eastern Europe. Two large ceramic walls donated by Jean Dubuffet and Pierre Alechinsky meet the visitors in the museums courtyard, inside you can see some of the artists who inspired Jorn, Max Ernst, Francis Picabia, Le Corbusier, Fernand Léger, Man Ray
20.
Carlsberg Group
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The Carlsberg Group is a brewing company founded in 1847 by J. C. The companys first headquarters were located in Copenhagen, Denmark, since Jacobsens death in 1887, the majority owner of the company has been the Carlsberg Foundation. The companys flagship brand is Carlsberg Beer but it also brews Tuborg, Kronenbourg, Somersby cider, Russias best-selling beer Baltika, Belgian Grimbergen abbey beers, and more than 500 local beers. After merging with the assets of Norwegian conglomerate Orkla ASA in January 2001. After a failed attempt by Orkla, Carlsberg became the sole owner after purchasing Orklas share in the brewery in 2004. It is the leading beer seller in Russia with about a 40 percent share of the market, in 2009 Carlsberg ranked fourth worldwide, and employed around 45,000 people. Carlsberg was founded by J. C, Jacobsen, a philanthropist and avid art collector. With his fortune he amassed an art collection which is now housed in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in central Copenhagen. The first brew was finished on 10 November 1847, and the export of Carlsberg beer began in 1868 with the export of one barrel to Edinburgh, Jacobsens son Carl opened a brewery in 1882 named Ny Carlsberg forcing him to rename his brewery Gamle Carlsberg. The companies were merged and run under Carls direction in 1906, Jacobsen set up the Carlsberg Laboratory in 1875, which worked on scientific problems related to brewing. It featured a Department of Chemistry and a Department of Physiology, the species of yeast used to make pale lager, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, was isolated by Emil Christian Hansen at the laboratory in 1883 and bears its name, this was shared freely by Carlsberg. The Carlsberg Laboratory also developed the concept of pH and made advances in protein chemistry, in 1972, the Carlsberg Research Centre was established and the Carlsberg Laboratory is now an independent unit of the Centre. Because of a conflict with his son Carl, Jacobsens brewery was left to the Foundation upon his death in 1887, the first brewery to be built outside Denmark was in Blantyre, Malawi in 1968. Carlsberg merged with Tuborg breweries in 1970 forming the United Breweries AS, Carlsberg became the sole owner of Carlsberg-Tetley in 1997. In 2008 Carlsberg Group, together with Heineken, bought Scottish & Newcastle, in 2013 the company joined leading alcohol producers as part of a producers commitments to reducing harmful drinking. The old brewery in Copenhagen is currently open for tours, famous visitors have included Winston Churchill in 1950, Queen Elizabeth II in 1957, and Yuri Gagarin in 1962. The Carlsberg Group divides their operations into three areas, Northern & Western Europe, Eastern Europe and Asia. Baltic Beverages Holding is currently owned by Carlsberg, previously, it was a joint venture between Carlsberg and Scottish & Newcastle in Russia
21.
Boney M.
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Boney M. is a Euro-Caribbean vocal group created by German record producer Frank Farian. The group was formed in 1976 and achieved popularity during the era of the late 1970s. Since the 1980s, various line-ups of the band have performed with different personnel, German singer-songwriter Frank Farian recorded the dance track Baby Do You Wanna Bump in December 1974. Farian sang the repeated line Do you do you wanna bump. in a voice as well as performing the high falsetto chorus. When the record was released as a single, it was credited to Boney M. a pseudonym Farian had created for himself after watching the Australian detective show Boney, I turned on the TV one day and it was the end of a detective series. I just caught the credits and it said Boney, nice name, I thought – Boney, Boney, Boney. Boney M. Boney, Boney, Boney M, after a slow start, the song became a hit in the Netherlands and Belgium. It was then that Farian decided to hire performers to front the group for TV performances, the Katja Wolfe booking agency found model-turned-singer Maizie Williams and her Jamaican singer friend Sheyla Bonnick for him, along with a dancer known only as Mike for the first gigs. Also during 1975, a girl named Nathalie joined but was replaced by Jamaica-born Claudja Barry. Then Bonnick and Mike left, and Maizie Williams brought in Bobby Farrell, singer Marcia Barrett joined the group, which then went through another change in line-up when Claudja Barry left in February 1976 to pursue a solo career as a disco singer. Finally Liz Mitchell, former member of the Les Humphries Singers, the line-up was finalised with Liz Mitchell, Maizie Williams, Marcia Barrett, and Bobby Farrell. Boney M. s first album, Take the Heat off Me, was released in 1976. It contained tracks that Marcia Barrett had already recorded with Farian, including the track and Lovin or Leavin. The albums commercial performance was initially lukewarm, however, the group rigorously toured discos, clubs and even country fairs to earn a reputation for themselves. The groups big break came when, at the end of summer 1976, Boney M. appeared on the live music show on 18 September 1976, after 10 pm and in their daring stage costumes, where they performed the song Daddy Cool. The song quickly went to no.1 in Germany, with the following the success of the single. Another single, Sunny gave the group their second no.1 hit, the groups popularity had also grown throughout Europe, with Daddy Cool reaching no.1 in Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, and Austria. Both singles were also Top 10 hits in the UK, which would one of their biggest markets
22.
10cc
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10cc are an English rock band founded in Stockport who achieved their greatest commercial success in the 1970s. 10cc featured two songwriting teams, one commercial and one artistic, Stewart and Gouldman were predominantly pop-songwriters, who created most of the bands accessible songs. By way of contrast, Godley and Creme were the predominantly experimental half of 10cc, featuring an Art School sensibility, after Godley and Creme left the band in 1976, Gouldman and Stewart were the main creative forces behind 10cc. Stewart left the band after 1995 and Gouldman continues to lead a version of 10cc. Most of the albums were recorded at their own Strawberry Studios in Stockport and Strawberry Studios in Dorking. 10cc was co-managed by Ric Dixon and Harvey Lisberg at Kennedy Street, three of the founding members of 10cc were childhood friends in the Manchester area. As boys, Godley and Creme knew each other, Gouldman and Godley attended the secondary school. Their first recorded collaboration was in 1964, when Gouldmans band The Whirlwinds recorded the Lol Creme composition, Baby Not Like You, the Whirlwinds then changed members and name, becoming The Mockingbirds. The Mockingbirds recorded five singles in 1965–66 without any success, before dissolving, the guitarist in both The Whirlwinds and The Mockingbirds was Stephen Jacobson, brother of well-known writer Howard Jacobson. In June 1967, Godley and Creme reunited and recorded a single under the name The Yellow Bellow Room Boom. In 1969, Gouldman took them to a Marmalade Records recording session, the boss Giorgio Gomelsky was impressed with Godleys falsetto voice and offered them a recording contract. In September 1969, Godley & Creme recorded some tracks at Strawberry Studios, with Stewart on guitar. The song, Im Beside Myself b/w Animal Song, was issued as a single, credited to Frabjoy, Gomelsky planned to market Godley & Creme as a duo, in the vein of Simon & Garfunkel. Plans for an album by Frabjoy and Runcible Spoon faltered, however, solo tracks by Godley and Gouldman, however—both involved Stewart and Creme—were released in a 1969 Marmalade Records music sample album,100 Proof. Gouldmans track was The Late Mr. Late, a later, Godleys song To Fly Away reappeared as Fly Away, in the debut Hotlegs album, Thinks. When Fontana left the band in October 1965, the became known simply as The Mindbenders. The band scored a hit with A Groovy Kind of Love and made an appearance in the 1967 film To Sir, with Love with Its Getting Harder All the Time and Off and Running. In March 1968, Gouldman joined Stewart in The Mindbenders, replacing bassist Bob Lang and playing on tour dates
23.
Electric Light Orchestra
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The Electric Light Orchestra are an English rock band formed in Birmingham in 1970, by songwriters/multi-instrumentalists Jeff Lynne and Roy Wood with drummer Bev Bevan. Their music is characterised by a fusion of Beatlesque pop, classical arrangements, after Woods departure in 1972, Lynne became the bands leader, arranging and producing every album while writing virtually all of their original material. ELO were most active during the 1970s and 1980s, recording a string of albums that include the conceptual works Eldorado. For their initial tenure, Lynne, Bevan, and keyboard player Richard Tandy were the only consistent members. In 1986, Lynne lost interest in the band and ceased its operation, Bevan responded by forming his own band, ELO Part II, which later became The Orchestra. With the exception of a reformation in 2000–01, ELO remained largely inactive for the next three decades. In 2014, Lynne reformed the band again with Tandy as Jeff Lynnes ELO. From 1972 to 1986, ELO accumulated twenty Top 20 songs on the UK Singles Chart, the band also holds the record for having the most Billboard Hot 100 Top 40 hits,20, of any band in the US chart history without having a number one single. On April 7,2017, ELO will be inducted into the Rock, the bands name is an intended pun based not only on electric light but also using electric rock instruments combined with a light orchestra. Jeff Lynne, frontman of fellow Birmingham group the Idle Race, was excited by the concept, in January 1970, when Carl Wayne left the Move, Lynne accepted Woods second invitation to join the band on the condition that they focus their energy on the new project. To help finance the band, one further Move album Message from the Country was also recorded during the lengthy ELO recordings. The resulting debut album The Electric Light Orchestra was released in 1971,10538 Overture became a UK top-ten hit. Lynne, Wood and Bev Bevan were the members of Electric Light Orchestra. However, this line-up did not last for long, first Craig departed, and then Wood, during the recordings for the bands second LP and taking Hunt and McDowell with him, left the band to form Wizzard. Both cited problems with their manager, Don Arden, and a tour of Italy. The new line-up performed at the 1972 Reading Festival, the band released their second album, ELO2 in 1973, which produced their second UK top 10 and their first US chart single, an elaborate version of the Chuck Berry classic Roll Over Beethoven. ELO also made their first appearance on American Bandstand show, the resulting album, On the Third Day, was released in late 1973, with the American version featuring the popular single Showdown. For the bands album, Eldorado, A Symphony, a concept album about a daydreamer, Lynne stopped overdubbing strings and hired an orchestra
24.
Regatta
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A regatta is a series of boat races. The term typically describes racing events of rowed or sailed water craft, although regattas are typically amateur competitions, they are usually formally structured events, with comprehensive rules describing the schedule and procedures of the event. Regattas may be organized as championships for an area or type of boat, but are often held just for the joy of competition, camaraderie. Sailing race events are held for a single class and usually last more than one day. Currently, The Three Bridge Fiasco, conducted by the Singlehanded Sailing Society of San Francisco Bay with more than 350 competitors is the largest sailboat race in the United States. One of the largest and most popular rowing regattas is the Henley Royal Regatta held on the River Thames, England. One of the largest and oldest yachting regattas in the world is Cowes Week, which is held annually by the Royal Yacht Squadron in Cowes, England, Cowes Week is predated by the Cumberland Cup, Port of Dartmouth Royal Regatta and Port of Plymouth Regatta. North Americas oldest regatta is the Royal St. Johns Regatta held on Quidi Vidi Lake in St. Johns, etymology, From Venetian regata, from regatare, possibly from recatare. 1775 - Cumberland Cup - organized by the Royal Thames Yacht Club, UK1777 - Lough Ree Regatta - organised by Athlone Yacht Club, Ireland. The Field magazine of 11 August 1883 refers to a print of Chester Regatta dated 1733, making it 100 years older than the Boat Race, Durham Regatta. It is a City regatta, run by volunteers drawn from all the Chester rowing clubs, held annually in June on the River Dee in Chester. The Athlone Yacht Club Regatta on Lough Ree, Ireland, in the notice of race of 1835 included,4 August, also, A prize will be pulled for in four oared cots. 5 August, A prize will be pulled for in 2 oared boats, a prize will be pulled for in four oared cots. 6 August, A silver cup value 15gns. for gentlemens four oared gigs - open to gigs from any part of Ireland, a prize for four oared cots. The event now takes place between the bridges in Athlone or at Killinure, Appledore & Instow Regatta - founded in 1885, tracing its origins back to 1831, is held annually on the River Torridge between the Villages of Appledore & Instow North Devon, UK. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, in the first week of August is one of the largest annual regattas in North America, attracting hundreds of clubs in 128 junior, senior, and masters events. Royal St. Johns Regatta, held every year on Quidi Vidi Lake in St. Johns, Newfoundland, summer Eights, along with Torpids, the two intercollegiate bumps races of Oxford University, held on the Isis in Oxford. The Boat Race is a race between the Oxford University Boat Club and the Cambridge University Boat Club
25.
Amusement park
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An amusement park or theme park is a group of entertainment attractions, rides, and other events in a location for the enjoyment of large numbers of people. Theme parks, a type of amusement park, are usually much more intricately themed to a certain subject or group of subjects than normal amusement parks. Amusement parks evolved from European fairs and pleasure gardens, which were created for peoples recreation, Worlds fairs and expositions were another influence on the development of the amusement park industry. In common language, the theme park and amusement park are often synonymous. However, a park can be regarded as a distinct style of amusement park. A theme park has landscaping, buildings, and attractions that are based on one or more specific themes or stories. The amusement park evolved from three earlier traditions, the oldest being the periodic fair of the Middle Ages - one of the earliest was the Bartholomew Fair in England, the worlds oldest amusement park appeared in the Continent. Bakken at Klampenborg, north of Copenhagen, Denmark, opened in 1583, a wave of innovation in the 1860s and 1870s created mechanical rides, such as the steam-powered carousel, and its derivatives. This inaugurated the era of the modern funfair ride, as the classes were increasingly able to spend their surplus wages on entertainment. The second influence was the pleasure garden, one of the earliest gardens was the Vauxhall Gardens, founded in 1661 in London. By the late 18th century, the site had a fee for its many attractions. It regularly drew crowds, with its paths being noted for romantic assignations, tightrope walkers, hot air balloon ascents, concerts. Although the gardens were designed for the elites, they soon became places of great social diversity. Public firework displays were put on at Marylebone Gardens, and Cremorne Gardens offered music, dancing, prater in Vienna, Austria, was opened in 1766. The concept of a park for amusement was further developed with the beginning of the worlds fairs. The first World fair began in 1851 with the construction of the landmark Crystal Palace in London, the purpose of the exposition was to celebrate the industrial achievement of the nations of the world and it was designed to educate and entertain the visitors. American cities and business saw the worlds fair as a way of demonstrating economic. The Worlds Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago, Illinois was an precursor to the modern amusement park
26.
European golden plover
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The European golden plover, also known as the Eurasian golden plover or just the golden plover within Europe, is a largish plover. This species is similar to two other golden plovers, the genus name is Latin and means relating to rain, from pluvia, rain. It was believed that golden plovers flocked when rain was imminent, the species name apricaria is Latin and means to bask in the sun. The European golden plover is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds applies. On 10 November 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, then the director of the Guinness Breweries, went on a shooting party in the North Slob, by the River Slaney in County Wexford. After missing a shot at a Eurasian golden plover, he involved in an argument over which was the fastest game bird in Europe. That evening at Castlebridge House, he realised that it was impossible to confirm in reference books whether or not the golden plover was Europes fastest game bird. Beaver knew that there must be numerous other questions debated nightly in pubs throughout Ireland and he realised then that a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove popular. A Guinness employee told Sir Hugh of two brothers, Norris and Ross McWhirter, who had opened a fact checking agency in London. Sir Hugh interviewed the brothers and, impressed by their prodigious knowledge, later, he published the first Guinness World Records which became a best seller within months. The European olden plover spends summers in Iceland, and in Icelandic folklore, the Icelandic media always covers the first plover sighting, which in 2017, took place on March 27,2017. Ageing and sexing by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze BirdLife species factsheet for Pluvialis apricaria Pluvialis apricaria, European Golden-Plover photo gallery at VIREO Interactive range map of Pluvialis apricaria at IUCN Red List maps Audio recordings of European golden plover on Xeno-canto. Pluvialis apricaria in the Flickr, Field Guide Birds of the World
27.
Silkeborg IF
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Silkeborg IF is a professional Danish football club in Silkeborg, Denmark. Silkeborg has participated in European games several times, and won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 1996, founded in 1917, the football section of Silkeborg IF played in the top ranks of Jutland until a short visit in the third division in 1962. In 1966, however the team was promoted to the 2nd division of Danish football and this resulted in a rise in 1987 to the countrys top row, the 1st division. This came as a surprise to most football enthusiasts and a reporter from the Danish newspaper Politiken wrote. The team, however, played well and already in the game of the season Silkeborg IF defeated Denmarks dominant team. There were many vital matches in the 1993–94 season, but perhaps the most important game for Silkeborg was the third round match at home against Brøndby. Just before the game, the big name Jakob Kjeldberg had been sold to Chelsea. But Silkeborg totally turned the match upside down and won 4–2 in front of an enthusiastic audience, during the rest of the fall SIF delivered one attractive game after another. The team lost only two of 18 matches and could overwinter in the first place of the Danish Superliga, the playoffs were a thrilling affair. The superior play by the fall was followed by a more calculating style, on away SIF ran into a few serious defeats, but in turn Silkeborg Stadion was a fortress. Here, SIF won six out of seven games and conceded one goal. In the second last round SIF could secure the championship with a win against the only remaining competitor Copenhagen. Silkeborg fans flocked to the arena, Parken Stadium, where the match was witnessed by the largest crowd in history of the Danish Superliga. The many visiting SIF-fans, however, witnessed SIF scoring the first goal of the match, the situation before the final round was that SIF should provide a better result than Copenhagen to become champions. In 2001, Silkeborg won the Danish Cup with a 4–1 victory against league rivals AB, behind 0–1 at half-time, the team scored four times in the second half of the match by Brian Pedersen, Thomas Poulsen and two from Henrik Pedersen. Steven Lustü, who later would become a prominent player for Silkeborg, the following years results were not very impressive. After the cup victory, the club sold Henrik Pedersen to Bolton Wanderers, Peter Kjær to Beşiktaş, at the same time, Morten Bruun, the player with most caps to his name in the club history, retired. In 2003, the team was relegated to the second best Danish league, for two seasons in a row, the team finished eighth in the league with 12 teams, but in 2007 the team was again relegated
28.
Danish Superliga
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The Danish Superliga is the current Danish football championship tournament, and administered by the Danish Football Association. It is the highest football league in Denmark and is contested by 14 teams each year. Founded in 1991, the Danish Superliga replaced the Danish 1st Division as the highest league of football in Denmark, from the start in 1991,10 teams were participating. The opening Superliga season was played during the spring of 1991, from the summer of 1991, the tournament structure would stretch over two years. The 10 teams would play each other twice in the first half of the tournament and this practice was abandoned before the 1995–96 season, when the number of teams competing were increased to 12, playing each other thrice for 33 games per Superliga season. For the first season of this new structure, Coca-Cola became the sponsor of the league. After a single season under that name, Faxe Brewery became sponsors, before the 2001–02 season, Scandinavian Airlines System became the head sponsor, and the name of the tournament changed to SAS Ligaen. From January 2015 the Danish Superliga is known as Alka Superliga, logos used for naming rights agreements for the league, From 1996 through 2016, the league included 12 clubs which played each other three times. The two teams with the fewest points at the end of the season were relegated to the Danish 1st Division, during this era, each team played every other team at least once at home and once away plus once more either at home or away. The top six teams of the season played 17 matches at home and 16 away while the teams in 7th to 10th place plus the two newly promoted teams played 16 matches at home and 17 away. Following the 2015–16 season, the league was expanded to 14 teams, accomplished by relegating only the last-place finisher in that season, the 2016–17 season is the first for a new league structure. It begins with the playing a full home-and-away schedule, resulting in 26 matches for each team. At that time, the splits into a six-team championship playoff. All teams table points and goals carry over fully into the playoffs, in the championship playoff, each team plays the others home and away again. The top team at the end of the playoff is Superliga champion, the second-place team enters the UEFA Europa League in the first qualifying round. The third-place team advances to a playoff match for another Europa League place. The qualifying playoff is split into two groups, with the teams finished the regular season in 7th, 10th, 11th, and 14th in one group and those finishing 8th, 9th, 12th. Each group plays home-and-away within its group, the top two teams from each group then enter a knockout tournament, with each match over two legs
29.
Danish Cup
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The Danish Cup is the official knockout cup competition in Danish football, run by the Danish Football Association. The cup has been contested annually since 1955, the cup has taken name after various sponsors over the years, but is currently known as DBU Pokalen after the Danish Football Association, Dansk Boldspil-Union. The winner will qualify for the UEFA Europa League tournament the following year, the latest edition, 2015–16 Danish Cup, was won by Superliga-side F. C. Copenhagen, beating Superliga-side AGF 2-1 on 5 May 2016 at Parken Stadium. The final traditionally takes place on Kristi Himmelfarts Dag and it is played in the Danish national stadium Parken. However in the 1991 and 1992 seasons the final had been rescheduled to Odense Stadion, the club with most final appearances is AGF with 12 finals, having won 9 of them. Former Danish Cup sponsors and logos, Each club may only have one team in the tournament, if a match ends in a tie, two fifteen-minute extra time periods will be played, with penalty kicks if the tie remains after the extra time. The teams are not seeded, but the lowest placed team from the season will always get the home pitch advantage. 1st round,64 teams 48 teams qualified through preliminary cups held by the regional associations, 1st round,88 teams 48 teams qualified through preliminary cups held by the regional associations. 28 teams from the 2nd divisions 12 teams from the 1st division 2nd round, page on the website of the DBU Cup at UEFA Denmark - List of Cup Finals, RSSSF. com
30.
UEFA Intertoto Cup
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The competition was discontinued after the 2008 tournament. Teams who originally would have entered the Intertoto Cup now directly enter the qualifying stages of the UEFA Europa League from this point, the tournament was founded in 1961–62, but was only taken over by UEFA in 1995. Any club who wished to participate had to apply for entry, the cup billed itself as providing both an opportunity for clubs who otherwise would not get the chance to enter the UEFA Cup and as an opportunity for sports lotteries to continue during the summer. This reflects its background, which was as a tournament solely for football pools, in 1995, the tournament came under official UEFA sanctioning and UEFA Cup qualification places were granted. Initially, two were provided, this was increased to three after one year, but in 2006, it was increased to the final total of 11. The Intertoto Cup was the idea of Malmö FF chairman Eric Persson, thommen, and the Austrian coach Karl Rappan, who coached the Swiss national team at the 1938 FIFA World Cup and at the 1954 World Cup. The Cup for the Cupless was also promoted by the Swiss newspaper Sport. It derived its name from Toto, the German term for football pool, thommen, who had set up football betting pools in Switzerland in 1932, had a major interest in having purposeful matches played in the summer break. UEFA were initially disinclined to support the tournament, finding its betting background distasteful, nevertheless they permitted the new tournament, clubs which qualified for one of the official continental competitions, such as the European Champions Cups and Cup Winners Cup, were not allowed to participate. The first tournament was held in 1961 as the International Football Cup, initially the Cup had a group stage, which led to knock-out matches culminating in a final. By 1967, it had become difficult to organize the games, and so the knock-out rounds, instead, group winners received prizes of CHF10, 000-15,000. By 1995, UEFA had reconsidered its opinion, took control of the tournament. Initially, two winners were given a place in the UEFA Cup, the success of one of the first winners, Bordeaux, in reaching the final of the 1995–96 UEFA Cup encouraged UEFA to add a third UEFA Cup place in 1996. Many clubs disliked the competition and saw it as disruptive in the preparation for the new season, as a consequence, they did not nominate themselves for participation even if entitled. Following the threat of bans of English teams from all UEFA competitions, in following years, UEFA made it possible for nations to forfeit Intertoto places. Other clubs have built upon their success in the UI Cup, furthermore, UEFA rejected this assertion that the tournament is disruptive. In December 2007, following the election of new UEFA president Michel Platini and this was a part of a range of changes that were to be made to the UEFA Cup/Champions League System. Instead of teams qualifying for the Intertoto Cup, they now qualify directly for the qualifying stages of the UEFA Europa League
31.
MASCOT Workwear
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Mascot International A/S is an international, family-run textile company headquartered in Sejs, Silkeborg, Denmark. MASCOT designs, manufactures and markets workwear and safety footwear and is the leader in Denmark, the company is 100% owned by the Grosbøl family. The Executive Board consists of five members, with Michael Grosbøl as the Managing Director, the Board consists of Chairman John Grosbøl, Tove Grosbøl, Michael Grosbøl and Susie Grosbøl. Mascot was founded by John Kjaergaard Grosbøl in 1982 under the name Scan Termo Konfektion Aps, the little bear in the logo symbolised durability and warmth, and soon MASCOT was best known as the bear. The name became Mascot International A/S in 1995, from 1992-2002 Mascot increased its turnover to total 300 million dollars. In 2002, Michael John Grosbøl took over the management of the company from his father John. In 2003, the company had a turnover of 260 million DKK and was the fourth largest producer of workwear in Europe, there were approximately 160 employees in Denmark, while the rest worked in sewing factories in the Far East. In 2007, the company made nearly 55 million DKK, the largest earnings in Mascots history, in 2010, this result was beaten, as the profit before tax was just over 55 million. The new headquarters is expected to be completed in 2017
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Árborg, Iceland
Arendal, Norway
Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Corona, United States
Giżycko, Poland
Kaiserslautern, Germany
Kalmar, Sweden
Savonlinna, Finland
