Maytown, Pennsylvania
Maytown is a census-designated place in Lancaster County, United States. The population was 3,824 at the 2010 census, Maytown is noted as the birthplace of 19th century politician Simon Cameron, who served in the Cabinet of President Abraham Lincoln. The Grove Mansion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, William H. Strayer Born 1847, in maytown earned the Congressional Medal of Honor, on May 22,1872, along with William F. Cody, and two others. Maytown is located at 40°04′31″N 76°34′53″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.7 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,604 people,917 households, the population density was 709.4 people per square mile. There were 962 housing units at a density of 262. 1/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97. 58% White,0. 69% African American,0. 08% Native American,0. 69% Asian,0. 27% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 96% of the population. 13. 7% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the CDP, the population was out, with 29. 3% under the age of 18,8. 1% from 18 to 24,37. 7% from 25 to 44,19. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 31 years, for every 100 females there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $50,122, and the median income for a family was $55,216. Males had an income of $36,761 versus $25,510 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,181, none of the families and 1. 0% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 2. 8% of those over 64. The school district in which it resides is Donegal School District, Donegal School District currently houses four schools. Grades K-2 attend Donegal Primary School, grades 3-6 attend Donegal Intermediate School. Donegal Junior High School holds grades 7 and 8 while Donegal High School holds grades 9-12, prior to renovations, Donegal School District had several other schools including the historic Maytown Elementary School.
Maytown Elementary School was the oldest operational school in Pennsylvania before being closed in 2012
United States
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power.
The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations.
In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
1860 Republican National Convention
Representative Abraham Lincoln of Illinois for President of the United States and Senator Hannibal Hamlin of Maine for Vice President. Lincolns nomination was a surprise, as the favorite before the convention had been former Governor of New York, Lincolns campaign manager, David Davis, is credited for Lincolns victory over Thurlow Weed, Sewards campaign manager. Lincoln-Hamlin went on to three other major tickets that year, including Democratic nominee Stephen A. Douglas, U. S. While the Republican Presidential effort on behalf of the 43-year-old Colonel John C, frémont in the 1856 election had met with failure, party gains were made throughout the Northern United States as the sectional crisis over slavery intensified. Party leaders sought to hold their 1860 nominating convention in the burgeoning Middle Western trade center of Chicago, the Convention commanded the interest and attention of a multitude of curious citizens who crowded the Wigwam to the rafters. Some 86 votes were apportioned to the six states of New England and border states with substantial delegations under the rules included Kentucky and Missouri.
The total of all credentialed delegate votes was 466, with the convention called to order on May 16, former U. S. Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania was elected chairman of the gathering. He had been the author in 1848 of the Wilmot Proviso which would have banned slavery from new states incorporated into the Union. That interest has wrested, and is now wresting, all the powers of this government to the one object of the extension and nationalization of slavery. It is our purpose, gentlemen, it is the mission of the Republican Party and it is our purpose and our policy to resist these new constitutional dogmas that slavery exists by virtue of the constitution wherever the banner of the Union floats. Organizational tasks filled the rest of the first days activities, including the appointment of a Credentials Committee, there were no contested seats although a delegation purporting to represent the state of Texas was ruled ineligible by the Credentials Committee. A Platform Committee was named, including one delegate from every state and this committee began its work at once and completed its task with a report on the evening of the second day, May 17.
This Amendment was initially rejected by the convention, prompting a walkout by its proposer, the matter was hastily reconsidered by the Convention, and with the addition of the amendment the disgruntled Mr. Giddings returned to his seat, crisis resolved. With the Democrats in disarray and with a sweep of the Northern states possible, Senator William H. Seward of New York was generally expected to get the nomination. Other candidates seeking the nomination at the convention included Lincoln, Governor of Ohio Salmon P. Chase, representative Edward Bates of Missouri, and U. S. As the convention developed, however, it was revealed that Seward, delegates were concerned that Seward was too closely identified with the radical wing of the party, and his moves toward the center had alienated the radicals. German-Americans in the party opposed Bates because of his past association with the Know-Nothings and it was essential to carry the West, and Lincoln was a prominent Westerner
Cassius Marcellus Clay (politician)
Cassius Marcellus Clay /ˈkæʃəs ˌmɑːrˈsɛləs/, nicknamed the Lion of White Hall, was a Kentucky planter and politician who worked for the abolition of slavery. He was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln as the United States minister to Russia during the American Civil War, Cassius Marcellus Clay was born to Green Clay, one of the wealthiest planters and slaveholders in Kentucky, who became a prominent politician, and his wife Sally Lewis. He was one of six children who survived to adulthood, of seven born, Clay was a member of a large and influential political family. His older brother Brutus J. Clay became a politician at the state and they were cousins of both Kentucky politician Henry Clay and Alabama governor Clement Comer Clay. Cassius sister Elizabeth Lewis Clay married John Speed Smith, who became a state. Their son, Green Clay Smith, became a politician and was elected to Congress. The younger Clay attended Transylvania University and graduated from Yale College in 1832, while at Yale, he heard abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison speak, and his lecture inspired Clay to join the anti-slavery movement.
Garrisons arguments were to him as water is to a thirsty wayfarer, Clay was politically pragmatic, supporting gradual legal change rather than calling for immediate abolition the way Garrison and his supporters did. In 1833, Clay married Mary Jane Warfield, daughter of Dr. Elisha Warfield and they had seven children of their own, Elisha Warfield, son Green, Mary Barr, Laura, Brutus J. II, and Anne, and adopted Henry Launey Clay. Cassius Clay was a pioneer as a southern planter who became a prominent anti-slavery crusader. Clay worked toward emancipation, both as a Kentucky state representative and as a member of the Republican Party. Clay was elected to three terms in the Kentucky House of Representatives, but he lost support among Kentucky voters as he promoted ending slavery and his anti-slavery activism earned him violent enemies. During a political debate in 1843, he survived an attempt by a hired gun. Despite being shot in the chest, Clay drew his Bowie knife, tackled Brown, cut-out his eyes, in 1845, Clay began publishing an anti-slavery newspaper, True American, in Lexington, Kentucky.
Within a month he received threats, had to arm himself. Shortly after, a mob of about 60 men broke into his office, to protect his venture, Clay set up a publication center in Cincinnati, Ohio, a center of abolitionists in the free state, but continued to reside in Kentucky. Clay served in the Mexican-American War as a captain with the 1st Kentucky Cavalry from 1846 to 1847 and he opposed the annexation of Texas and expansion of slavery into the Southwest. While making a speech for abolition in 1849, Clay was attacked by the six Turner brothers, in the ensuing fight, Clay fought off all six and, using his Bowie knife, killed Cyrus Turner
James Cooper (Pennsylvania)
James Cooper was an American lawyer and politician, who served in the United States Congress. Cooper lived much of his life in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and he served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and was its Speaker for a year. He represented Pennsylvania in both the United States Senate and the U. S. House, when the American Civil War started, Cooper raised a brigade of volunteers in Maryland and was appointed brigadier general of volunteers in May 1861. His brigade served in Franz Sigels division during the Shenandoah Valley Campaign, in poor health, he was assigned as commandant of Camp Chase, a military staging and prison camp near Columbus, where he died in 1863. James Cooper is buried in the Mount Olivet Cemetery, near his birthplace in Frederick, list of American Civil War generals Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives United States Congress. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
James Buchanan
James Buchanan, Jr. was the 15th President of the United States, serving immediately prior to the American Civil War. He is the president from Pennsylvania, the only president to remain a lifelong bachelor. Beginning in the 1820s, he represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives and the Senate, Buchanan was nominated by the Democratic Party in the 1856 presidential election, on a ticket with former Kentucky Representative John C. He defeated both the incumbent President Pierce and Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas to win the nomination and his subsequent election victory took place in a three-man race against Republican John C. Shortly after taking office, Buchanan lobbied the Supreme Court to issue a ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford. He allied with the South in attempting to gain the admission of Kansas to the Union as a state under the Lecompton Constitution. In the process, he alienated both Republican abolitionists and Northern Democrats, most of whom supported the principle of sovereignty in determining a new states slaveholding status.
He was often called a doughface, a Northerner with Southern sympathies, and he fought with Douglas, in the midst of the growing sectional crisis, the Panic of 1857 struck the nation. Buchanan indicated in his 1857 inaugural address that he would not seek a second term, he kept his word, Breckinridge in the 1860 presidential election. In response, seven Southern states declared their secession from the Union, Buchanans view was that secession was illegal, but that going to war to stop it was illegal, and so didnt confront the new polity militarily. Buchanan, an attorney, was noted for his mantra, I acknowledge no master, Buchanan supported the United States during the Civil War, and publicly defended himself against charges that he was responsible for the Civil War. Shortly after the Union victory, he published his memoirs, Mr. Buchanans Administration on the Eve of Rebellion and he died in 1868 at age 77. Buchanan aspired to be a president who would rank in history with George Washington, historians who participated in a 2006 survey voted his failure to deal with secession the worst presidential mistake ever made.
His parents were both of Ulster Scots descent, the father having emigrated from Milford, County Donegal, one of eleven siblings, Buchanan was the oldest child in the family to survive infancy. Shortly after Buchanans birth the family moved to a farm near Mercersburg, Buchanans father became the wealthiest person in town, becoming a prosperous merchant and investing in real estate. The family home in Mercersburg was turned into the James Buchanan Hotel, Buchanan attended the village academy and, starting in 1807, Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Though he was expelled at one point for poor behavior, he pleaded for a second chance. Later that year, he moved to Lancaster, which, at the time, was the capital of Pennsylvania, James Hopkins, the most prominent lawyer in Lancaster, accepted Buchanan as a student, and in 1812 Buchanan was admitted to the bar after an oral exam
Richard Brodhead
Richard Brodhead was an American lawyer and politician from Easton, Pennsylvania. He represented Pennsylvania in both the U. S. House and Senate and he was the father of U. S. Richard Brodhead was born in Lehman Township, the son of Hannah and Richard Brodhead, Sr. Brodhead moved to Easton and he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1836 and commenced practice in Easton. He was a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives from 1837 to 1839 and he was appointed treasurer of Northampton County, Pennsylvania in 1841. His wife was Mary Jane Davis Bradford, a niece of Jefferson Davis of Mississippi, Brodhead was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirtieth Congresses. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Revolutionary Pensions during the Twenty-ninth Congress and he was not a candidate for renomination in 1848. Brodhead was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and he died in Easton in 1863. He was the most recent resident of the Lehigh Valley area to serve as United States Senator from Pennsylvania until the election of incumbent Pat Toomey in 2010.
Commemorative Biographical Record of Northeastern Pennsylvania, including the Counties of Susquehanna, Wayne and Monroe, 80-1, Papers of Jefferson Davis 1, 520-1,1,279, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren was an American politician who served as the eighth President of the United States. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in a number of senior roles, including eighth Vice President and tenth Secretary of State. Van Buren won the presidency by promising to follow through on Jacksons policies, during his half-century of public service, he built and defended a new system of political parties at first the state and the federal level. In New York he reorganized the Democratic-Republican Party and established the Albany Regency to keep it in power and he moved on Washington where he did more than anyone to construct the modern Democratic Party which dominated American politics down to the American Civil War. A delegate to a convention at age 18, he quickly moved from local to state politics. Elected to the Senate by the New York State Legislature in 1821, Van Buren supported William H. Crawford for president in the 1824 election, but by 1828 had come to support Jackson. Van Buren was a supporter and organizer for Jackson in the 1828 election.
Jackson and Van Buren were elected, and after serving as governor for two months, Van Buren resigned to become Jacksons Secretary of State. During Jacksons eight years as president, Van Buren was a key advisor, in 1831, following his resignation as Secretary of State, which aided Jackson in resolving the Petticoat affair, Jackson gave Van Buren a recess appointment as American minister to Britain. Van Burens nomination was rejected by the Senate, cutting short his service in London, Van Buren faced little opposition for the presidential nomination at the 1835 Democratic National Convention, and he defeated several Whig opponents in the 1836 presidential election. Van Buren was the first president to be born a United States citizen, of Dutch ancestry, he is the only president who spoke English as a second language, and was the first not to have a university degree or a military commission. As president, Van Buren was blamed for the depression of 1837 and he attempted to cure the economic problems by keeping control of federal funds in an independent treasury—rather than in state banks—but Congress would not approve of this until 1840.
Additionally, relations with Britain and its colonies in Canada proved to be strained from the bloodless Aroostook War, in the 1840 election, Van Buren was voted out of office, losing to Whig candidate William Henry Harrison. Van Buren was the candidate for the Democratic nomination in 1844, but lost to James K. Polk. In the 1848 election Van Buren ran unsuccessfully as the candidate of the anti-slavery Free Soil Party and he returned to the Democratic fold to endorse Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan, and Stephen A. Douglas for the presidency. However, his increasingly abolitionist views and support for the Union led him to support Abraham Lincolns policies after the start of the American Civil War, Van Burens health began to fail in 1861, and he died in July 1862 at the age of 79. Martin Van Buren was born on December 5,1782, in the village of Kinderhook, Van Buren was the first President not born a British subject, or even of British ancestry. His father, Abraham van Buren, was an inn–tavern keeper, Abraham Van Buren supported the Patriot cause during the American Revolution as a captain in the Albany County Militias 7th Regiment, and joined the Jeffersonian Republicans
David Wilmot
David Wilmot was a U. S. politician, he was elected to the U. S. Congress, serving 1845–1851, and to the U. S. Senate, serving 1861–1863 to fill the remainder of a term. Wilmot was a Democrat, a Free Soiler, and a Republican and he was a sponsor and eponym of the Wilmot Proviso, intended to ban slavery in western lands gained from Mexico in the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848. The proposal repeatedly passed the House of Representatives, but was defeated in the Senate, however, it caused great anger and consternation in the South, and increased the prominence of the slavery issue on the national stage. Wilmot was instrumental in establishing the Republican Party in Pennsylvania and his opposition to slavery did not include the evolving abolitionist position of immediately ending the institution in the entire country. His views on race were instead related to defense of free labor and, by today’s standards. He served as a District Judge and on the US Court of Claims, David Wilmot was born in Bethany, Pennsylvania, to Randall and Mary Wilmot.
His father was a merchant, and Davids early life was a comfortable one. He was educated at the local Beech Woods Academy and at the Cayuga Lake Academy in Aurora, moving to Wilkes-Barre in 1832, he read law under George W. Woodward and was admitted to the bar in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, in August 1834. In 1836 he married Anna Morgan, the couple had three children, none of whom survived childhood. Wilmot practiced law for some time in Towanda and was involved in politics as a strong supporter of Andrew Jackson. Wilmot was elected Representative from Pennsylvanias 12th congressional district as a Democrat in 1844 and he served from 1845 until 1851, in the 29th, 30th and 31st Congresses. He initially supported the policies of President James Polk, also, as a Representative of a largely agrarian district, he voted for the Walker Tariff of 1846, which made a moderate reduction in tariff rates. Only gradually did Wilmot come to believe that the South was dominating the government to the detriment of the rest of the nation.
Although Wilmot opposed the extension of slavery into the territories, he supported Polk in the initiation of the Mexican-American War, and was still considered a Democratic Party loyalist. But on August 8,1846, a bill for $2 million to be used by the president in negotiating a treaty of peace with Mexico was introduced in the House of Representatives. Wilmot modeled the language for what would usually be referred to as the Wilmot Proviso after the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, although known as the Wilmot Proviso, it originated with Jacob Brinkerhoff of Ohio, Wilmot being selected to present it only because his party standing was more regular. The House, after first voting down a counter-proposal simply to extend the Missouri Compromise line across the Mexican Cession, passed the proviso by a vote of 83–64. This led to an attempt to table the entire appropriations bill rather than pass it with the obnoxious proviso attached, the Senate adjourned rather than approve the bill with the proviso
Political movement
In the social sciences, a political movement is a social group that operates together to obtain a political goal, on a local, national, or international scope. Political movements develop, promulgate, amend, interpret, a social movement in the area of politics can be organized around a single issue or set of issues, or around a set of shared concerns of a social group. In a political party, a political organization seeks to influence, or control, government policy, usually by nominating their candidates and seating candidates in political and government offices. Parties often espouse an ideology, expressed in a party program, bolstered by a platform with specific goals. Some political movements have aimed to change government policy, such as the movement, the ecology movement. Political movements can involve struggles to decentralize or centralize state control, as in anarchism, with globalization, global citizens movements may have emerged. Movements may be named by outsiders, as with the political movement in 17th century England was so named as a term of disparagement.
Yet admirers of the movement and its aims came to use the term, understanding Political Ideas and Movements, a Guide for A2 Politics Students. Theories of Political Protest and Social Movements, A Multidisciplinary Introduction, snow, Della Porta, Klandemans, Bert, McAdam, Doug. The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, in doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Hodgenville, Lincoln grew up on the frontier in Kentucky. Largely self-educated, he became a lawyer in Illinois, a Whig Party leader, elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1846, Lincoln promoted rapid modernization of the economy through banks and railroads. Reentering politics in 1854, he became a leader in building the new Republican Party, in 1860, Lincoln secured the Republican Party presidential nomination as a moderate from a swing state. Though he gained little support in the slaveholding states of the South. Subsequently, on April 12,1861, a Confederate attack on Fort Sumter inspired the North to enthusiastically rally behind the Union.
Politically, Lincoln fought back by pitting his opponents against each other, by carefully planned political patronage and his Gettysburg Address became an iconic endorsement of the principles of nationalism, equal rights and democracy. Lincoln initially concentrated on the military and political dimensions of the war and his primary goal was to reunite the nation. He suspended habeas corpus, leading to the ex parte Merryman decision. Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including his most successful general, Lincoln tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, each time a general failed, Lincoln substituted another, until finally Grant succeeded. As the war progressed, his moves toward ending slavery included the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. On April 14,1865, five days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee, Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton launched a manhunt for Booth, and 12 days on April 26, Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as among the greatest U. S. presidents.
Abraham Lincoln was born February 12,1809, the child of Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in a one-room log cabin on the Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville. He was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk to its namesake of Hingham, samuels grandson and great-grandson began the familys western migration, which passed through New Jersey and Virginia. Lincolns paternal grandfather and namesake, Captain Abraham Lincoln, moved the family from Virginia to Jefferson County, Captain Lincoln was killed in an Indian raid in 1786. His children, including eight-year-old Thomas, the presidents father
Rail transport
Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, known as tracks. It is referred to as train transport. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles run on a flat surface. Tracks usually consist of rails, installed on ties and ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels. Other variations are possible, such as slab track, where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface. Rolling stock in a transport system generally encounters lower frictional resistance than road vehicles, so passenger. The operation is carried out by a company, providing transport between train stations or freight customer facilities. Power is provided by locomotives which either draw electric power from a railway system or produce their own power. Most tracks are accompanied by a signalling system, Railways are a safe land transport system when compared to other forms of transport. The oldest, man-hauled railways date back to the 6th century BC, with Periander, one of the Seven Sages of Greece, Rail transport blossomed after the British development of the steam locomotive as a viable source of power in the 19th centuries.
With steam engines, one could construct mainline railways, which were a key component of the Industrial Revolution, railways reduced the costs of shipping, and allowed for fewer lost goods, compared with water transport, which faced occasional sinking of ships. The change from canals to railways allowed for markets in which prices varied very little from city to city. In the 1880s, electrified trains were introduced, and the first tramways, starting during the 1940s, the non-electrified railways in most countries had their steam locomotives replaced by diesel-electric locomotives, with the process being almost complete by 2000. During the 1960s, electrified high-speed railway systems were introduced in Japan, other forms of guided ground transport outside the traditional railway definitions, such as monorail or maglev, have been tried but have seen limited use. The history of the growth and restoration to use of transport can be divided up into several discrete periods defined by the principal means of motive power used.
The earliest evidence of a railway was a 6-kilometre Diolkos wagonway, trucks pushed by slaves ran in grooves in limestone, which provided the track element. The Diolkos operated for over 600 years, Railways began reappearing in Europe after the Dark Ages. The earliest known record of a railway in Europe from this period is a window in the Minster of Freiburg im Breisgau in Germany
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
Russian Federation
