1.
Brockworth, Gloucestershire
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Brockworth is a large village in Gloucestershire, England, situated on the old Roman road that connects the City of Gloucester with Barnwood, Hucclecote and Cirencester. The population taken at the 2011 census was 7,387, since the mid-19th century, Brockworth has been known locally for the annual rolling of Double Gloucester cheese down Coopers Hill. It is also the birthplace of actor, comedian and writer Simon Pegg, an electoral ward of the same name exists in Tewkesbury Borough. The population and area of this ward are identical to that shown above, the name Brockworth is derived from the Saxon wurthin for enclosure and broc for brook. Settlement is believed to have occurred around 600AD after the defeat of the Gloucester-based Romano British at the Battle of Dyrham in 577AD. Older - Roman - remains have been found locally but they indicate a rather than village. Adjacent to this is the Tudor manor house Brockworth Court, a Grade II* listed building, Brockworth was the third in a series of rural villages located along an old Roman road following a more-or-less straight line to the inland port city of Gloucester. Its original semi-remote location made it ideal for the location of a factory where aeroplanes could be built. Land availability also made the ideal for a flight test airfield. The Gloster Aircraft Company was first formed at Hucclecote, Gloucestershire in 1915, in 1926 the name of the company was abbreviated to Gloster Aircraft Company because customers outside of the United Kingdom found the original name too difficult to pronounce. During the war Brockworth and the area were bombed by the Luftwaffe in an attempt to halt the production of aircraft. As the pre-war biplane Gladiator was rapidly rendered obsolete by faster monoplanes the Brockworth factory was available to manufacture Hawker aircraft. In 1939 the company built 1,000 Hawker Hurricanes in the first 12 months of World War II, production was then switched to building 3,330 Hawker Typhoons for the Royal Air Force. On 8 April 1941 the first test flight of the Gloster E28/39 with a single turbo-jet engine took off from the flight test airfield at Brockworth. This was followed by the twin-engined Gloster Meteor, the jet to be used by the Allied Forces during World War II. The speed of the Meteor enabled it to fly alongside V1 flying bombs, tip them off course, in 1945 the Meteor gained a world speed record of 606 mph and it was eventually put into service by 12 nations. In 1952 the Brockworth factory produced the two seat, delta-winged Gloster Javelin which was developed as an all weather fighter that could fly above 50,000 feet at almost the speed of sound. In 1962 the Gloster Aircraft Company closed down and its once famous runway fell victim of redistricting, the airfield has now been redeveloped as the modern Gloucester Business Park, with additional housing developments continuing to grow around it
Brockworth, Gloucestershire
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St George's Church
2.
Crouch End
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Crouch End is an area of north London, in the London Borough of Haringey. Crouch End is in a valley between Harringay to the east, Hornsey, Muswell Hill and Wood Green to the north, Stroud Green and Archway to the south, and Highgate to the west. Crouch End is located 4.6 miles north of Charing Cross and 5.1 miles from the City of London, to the immediate west, it is bounded by Highgate Wood, and the adjacent Queens Wood, as well as a large expanse of playing fields. To the north is Alexandra Park and to the south Finsbury Park, the Parkland Walk, a former railway line, makes a circuitous connection part of the way between these two parks. Other parks in the area include Stationers Park, Priory Park, Harringay Hornsey Highgate Muswell Hill Stroud Green Crouch End grew up as a hamlet on the old medieval route from London to the north. At this time it was governed as part of Hornsey, which became a parish in around 1300, the name Cruch End is recorded in 1593. This heavily wooded area contained farms and country houses, one of which was Crouch Hall, the transcribed 1829–1848 diaries of William Copeland Astbury, recently made available, describe in great detail London life of the period, including walks to Crouch End. Crouch End remained rural until around 1880, large parts remained in private ownership, inhibiting development. However, the development of the changed the area significantly. By 1887 there were seven railway stations in the area, Crouch End became a prosperous middle-class suburb due to an influx of mainly clerical workers who could easily commute to the city. The large old houses were replaced by comfortable middle-class housing, public parks were created, and it expanded greatly in the late Victorian period and most of its present-day streets were built up in the late 19th century. By the mid-1930s Crouch End had a shopping centre that included a Music Hall in the middle of Topsfield Parade. Until 1965 it was part of the Municipal Borough of Hornsey. In 1965, when local government in London was reorganised, Hornsey merged with the boroughs of Wood Green and Tottenham, in the post-war years, the London-wide provision of social housing led to the building of council homes in and around Crouch End, Hornsey Vale and Hornsey itself. The area became known as student bedsit land for decades into the early 80s until gentrification of the area changed the social profile. These social changes were illustrated by the changes in the shop types over the period, gentrification brought estate agents en masse along with up-market establishments and pavement-type cafes. Among its more prominent buildings is the modernistic Hornsey Town Hall, the architect was the New Zealand-born Reginald Uren. The interior and exterior have been used several times as a location by the BBC soap EastEnders, for further details of education in Crouch End see the London Borough of Haringey article There are three state secondary schools serving the N8 Crouch End area
Crouch End
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Crouch End
Crouch End
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Crouch End Broadway, looking north. Park Road branches to the left and Tottenham Lane to the right.
Crouch End
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Crouch End Broadway and clocktower.
Crouch End
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Hornsey Town Hall is in the centre of Crouch End
3.
Name at birth
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A given name is a part of a persons personal name. It identifies a person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan. The term given name refers to the fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person and this contrasts with a surname, which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the childs immediate family. Given names are used in a familiar and friendly manner in informal situations. In more formal situations the surname is commonly used, unless it is necessary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a basis and being on first-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing another by a given name. The order given name – family name, commonly known as the Western order, is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe. The order family name – given name, commonly known as the Eastern order, is used in East Asia, as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India. The order given name - fathers family name - mothers family name is used in Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain using given name - mothers family name - fathers family name, under the common Western naming convention, people may have one or more forenames. If more than one, there is usually a main forename for everyday use, sometimes however two or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no particular ordering rule for forenames – often the main forename is at the beginning, a childs given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a ceremony, with family. In most jurisdictions, a name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate. In western cultures, people normally retain the same name throughout their lives. However, in some cases names may be changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions, in France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden, restrict the spelling of names, parents may choose a name because of its meaning
Name at birth
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First/given, middle, and last/family/surname diagram with
J.S. Bach as example. J. S. Bach shared his given name with six immediate family members and many extended family members. He shared his family name with most family members.
4.
Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy
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The Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy is a series of British comedic genre films directed by Edgar Wright, written by Wright and Simon Pegg, produced by Nira Park, and starring Pegg and Nick Frost. The trilogy consists of Shaun of the Dead, Hot Fuzz, the name originates from a silly joke during the promotion of Hot Fuzz. Wright had written in Cornetto ice cream as a cure for Frosts character in Shaun of the Dead. In Hot Fuzz, Wright included a couple of brief scenes that referred to the Cornetto joke in Shaun. Wright seriously considered the three films as a trilogy, and wrote The Worlds End to complete themes set out in the earlier films, each film in the trilogy is connected to a specific Cornetto flavour appearing in each film. According to Wright, Walls, manufacturer of the Cornetto, were pleased with the namecheck. Wright considered each of the films a Trojan horse, genre films that have a relationship comedy smuggled inside a movie, a cop movie. Thematically, Wright saw each of the films containing themes of the individuals in a collective about growing up. Wright reworked the script of The Worlds End to conclude on these themes, the films are further linked by a common set of actors. Wright, Park, Pegg, and Frost collaborated previously in the TV series Spaced from 1999 to 2001. Martin Freeman, Bill Nighy, Rafe Spall, Julia Deakin, Patricia Franklin, clark Collis observes in Entertainment Weekly that the films also feature a running gag involving garden fences. The first film is Shaun of the Dead, a 2004 romantic zombie comedy film, the film stars Simon Pegg with Nick Frost. Pegg plays Shaun, a man attempting to focus in his life as he deals with his girlfriend. The trilogys Cornetto reference begins with a scene in which Shaun buys a cone for his friend Ed at his request as Ed wakes up groggy, director Edgar Wright has said that he used to use Cornettos as a hangover cure. The second entry is Hot Fuzz, a 2007 buddy cop comedy, the film stars Simon Pegg and Nick Frost as two police officers who investigate a series of mysterious deaths in a small English village. The third and final installment is The Worlds End, a 2013 science fiction apocalyptic comedy, the film follows a group of friends, led by Simon Pegg, reattempting an epic pub crawl during an alien occupation of their home town. In the final scene of the film, a Cornetto wrapper blows past in a breeze, briefly catching on a wire fence. Wright said in an interview for Entertainment Weekly, We thought it would be an idea to do a sci-fi film where even the people who are going to be your saviors are hammered
Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy
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Cover of The Three Flavours Cornetto Trilogy DVD box set
5.
Shaun of the Dead
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Shaun of the Dead is a 2004 British horror comedy film directed by Edgar Wright, written by Wright and Simon Pegg, and starring Pegg and Nick Frost. Pegg plays Shaun, a man attempting to get kind of focus in his life as he deals with his girlfriend. At the same time, he has to cope with a zombie uprising. The film was a critical and commercial success, Shaun of the Dead was also a BAFTA nominee. The film is the first in Wright and Peggs Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy, followed by 2007s Hot Fuzz, Shaun is an electronics salesman with no direction. His younger colleagues disrespect him, he is estranged from his stepfather Philip, and his girlfriend Liz is unhappy spending every date at his favourite pub, after a bad day at work, Shaun forgets to book a restaurant for his anniversary with Liz. When he suggests the Winchester, Liz breaks up with him and he drowns his sorrows with his housemate and best friend Ed at the Winchester. At home, their housemate Pete, complaining of a wound from a drunk. By morning, a zombie apocalypse has overwhelmed London, but the hungover Shaun is slow to notice and he and Ed encounter two zombies in their garden and kill them with blows to the head. They form a plan to rescue Shauns mother, Barbara, and Liz and they escape in Petes car, and pick up Barbara and Philip, who has been bitten, then Liz and her friends Dianne and David. Philip makes peace with Shaun, dies from his bites, the group abandon the vehicle and continue on foot. The streets surrounding the Winchester are overrun, so the group pretend to be zombies to sneak past them, outside the Winchester, Shaun distracts the horde away while the rest take refuge inside, where Shaun rejoins them. Shaun discovers the Winchester rifle above the bar is functional and the uses it to defend themselves. Barbara reveals she has been bitten and dies after giving Liz, Shaun, distraught, is forced to shoot her after she reanimates. David is torn apart by the zombies, while Dianne rushes out to rescue him, Pete, zombified, bites Ed, but Shaun shoots Pete and sets fire to the bar. The fire spreads, setting off the rifle ammunition while Shaun, Liz and Ed flee into the cellar, discovering a barrel hatch elevator that opens to the outside, Shaun and Liz escape as the wounded Ed volunteers to stay behind with the rifle. The British Army arrives and guns down the remaining zombies, six months after the outbreak, civilisation has returned to normal, with zombies used as cheap labour and entertainment. Liz and Shaun have moved in together, and Shaun keeps the zombified Ed tethered in the garden shed so they can play games together
Shaun of the Dead
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Theatrical release poster
6.
Hot Fuzz
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Hot Fuzz is a 2007 British action comedy film directed by Edgar Wright, written by Wright and Simon Pegg, and starring Pegg and Nick Frost. The three and the films producer Nira Park had previously worked together on the television series Spaced, the film follows two police officers attempting to solve a series of mysterious deaths in an English village. Over a hundred films were used as inspiration for developing the script. Filming took place over eleven weeks in early 2006, and featured an extensive cast along with various uncredited cameos, visual effects were developed by ten artists to expand on or add explosions, gore, and gunfire scenes. Debuting on 14 February 2007 in the United Kingdom and 20 April in the United States, shortly after the films release, two different soundtracks were released in the UK and US. It is also the most financially successful film in the trilogy, Sandford is a crime-free idyll, a regular winner of Village of the Year awards, watched over by the Neighbourhood Watch Alliance. To Angels frustration, the police service is lazy and complacent. His new partner is Danny Butterman, son of Inspector Butterman, after a performance of Romeo and Juliet, the actors in the lead roles, suspected of engaging in an affair, are murdered by a cloaked figure. Angel suspects foul play, but everyone else passes it off as an accident, when Angel is called to resolve a neighborhood dispute, he discovers a stash of unlicensed firearms and an old naval mine in an elderly mans shed. Angel confiscates the stash in the police departments evidence room, drinking in the village pub, Danny and Angel meet Simon Skinner, manager of the local supermarket, and George Merchant, a wealthy drunkard who made his fortune selling kitchen goods. Danny takes Angel home and the two action movies. That evening, an unseen figure causes a gas explosion that destroys Merchants mansion, the incident is deemed an accident and Angel is ridiculed for believing otherwise. At the local fair, Tim Messenger, editor of the Sandford Citizen, approaches Angel, a robed figure topples a severed church spire onto Messenger, killing him. Angel persuades Inspector Butterman, Dannys father, that the incident was murder, flower seller Leslie Tiller tells Angel she intends to sell her shop and move to the city. While Angel is distracted, Tiller is murdered by a cloaked figure, Angel gives chase but loses the killer. Angel accuses Skinner of the murders, but his alibi is backed up by video footage, Angel theorises they may be multiple killers, but Butterman shoots down the idea. As Angel returns home, he is attacked by Michael Armstrong, Angel subdues Armstrong and follows clues that lead him to a secret NWA meeting. Angel confronts the NWA and tries to arrest them, the group reveals that they kill residents who threaten Sandfords chances of winning the Village of the Year award
Hot Fuzz
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Theatrical release poster
Hot Fuzz
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Simon Pegg filming in
Wells, Somerset
7.
Nick Frost
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Nicholas John Nick Frost is an English actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer and author. He is best known for his work in the Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy of films, consisting of Shaun of the Dead, Hot Fuzz, and The Worlds End, and he also appeared in Joe Cornishs film Attack the Block. He co-starred in the 2011 film Paul, which he co-wrote with frequent collaborator and he is also well known for his various roles in the sketch show Man Stroke Woman. Frost was born in Dagenham, Essex, the son of Tricia and John Frost, when he was ten, his sister died of an asthma attack aged 18. He attended Beal High School in Ilford, when Frost was 15 his parents business failed and they lost the family home. They moved in with neighbours where he witnessed his mother having a stroke due to the stress, Frost left school and took a job with a shipping company to support the family. He subsequently spent two years at a kibbutz in Israel and he met actor Simon Pegg while working as a waiter at a North London Mexican restaurant and the two became close friends and flatmates. Pegg and Jessica Hynes wrote a role for Frost in the cult comedy series Spaced that was partly based on Pegg. In 2001, Frost played a role in a one-off episode of Victoria Woods Acorn Antiques. In 2002, Frost wrote and presented the show Danger, a spoof of the outdoors survival genre in which SAS experts or the like demonstrated how to improvise solutions to dangerous problems. In the same year, Frost co-wrote and starred in The Sofa of Time with Matt King, in 2004, he appeared in Shaun of the Dead, a romantic zombie comedy, written by Simon Pegg and Spaced director Edgar Wright. In late 2005, Frost starred in the sketch show Man Stroke Woman on BBC Three. A second series of Man Stroke Woman aired on BBC Three in early 2007, in early 2006, Frost played Commander Henderson in two series of the BBC Two science fiction sitcom, Hyperdrive. Also in 2006, he acted in Kinky Boots, Frost had a small appearance in the British comedy Look Around You, a parody of 1970s/1980s technology parodying the format of shows like Tomorrows World. Frost and Pegg appeared in a second Pegg-Wright feature film called Hot Fuzz, Frost plays bumbling Constable Danny Butterman, who partners up with Peggs dynamic Nicholas Angel after the latter is transferred from the Metropolitan Police in London. The pair teamed up again for their self-penned 2011 science-fiction comedy film Paul, the two also starred in Steven Spielbergs The Adventures of Tintin, Secret of the Unicorn as Thomson and Thompson. Frost narrates the Channel 4 reality show Supernanny and he has made fleeting appearances in the Channel 4 surreal medical comedy series Green Wing as just a man in pub scenes. In 2013, Frost played the role of Andy Knightley in the third Pegg-Wright feature film called The Worlds End, in 2014, he played the eponymous character in the Sky Atlantic comedy, Mr. Sloane
Nick Frost
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Frost at the
San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2013
8.
Paul (film)
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Paul is a 2011 British-American science fiction comedy film directed by Greg Mottola and written by and starring Simon Pegg and Nick Frost. The film is about two science fiction geeks who meet an extraterrestrial being, voiced by Seth Rogen, with a sarcastic manner and they help the alien to escape the Secret Service agents pursuing him, so that he can return to his home planet. The film contains references to other science fiction films, especially those of Steven Spielberg. Paul was released on 14 February 2011 in the United Kingdom, critical reaction to the film was generally positive. The film earned $98 million on a $40.67 million budget, while driving on a remote desert highway at night, after a tense situation with some rednecks in a diner, Graeme and Clive observe a car driving erratically and then crash. They stop to investigate and offer assistance to the driver, who turns out to be an alien named Paul, Clive faints, but Graeme agrees to assist Paul and gives him a ride. Later, United States Secret Service Agent Zoil arrives at the car crash site and informs his unseen female superior, the Big Guy and she sends two inept rookies, Haggard and OReilly, to assist Zoil. Graeme, Clive and Paul camp at an RV park run by two Christian fundamentalists, one-eyed Ruth Buggs and her father, Moses, upon Ruth discovering Paul the next day, the three are forced to take her with them. During an argument about her religion, Paul transfers his knowledge to her, after which Ruth realises that everything she was raised to believe is questionable. Paul later uses his powers to cure Ruths blinded eye and convinces her to moderate her fundamentalist beliefs. The fugitives stop at a bar and Ruth tries to call Moses, the group escapes when Paul terrifies the rednecks into fainting. Later, at another RV park, Ruth is questioned by Agent Zoil, released, she and Graeme retrieve Clive and Paul, who narrowly escape Haggard and OReilly. Frustrated, Zoil orders Haggard and OReilly to return to base, the group soon arrive at a house owned by Tara, who rescued Paul when he first crashed on Earth, and as a result of no one believing her story, has spent her life as a pariah. As she makes tea for her visitors, Haggard, OReilly, the fugitives flee, but OReilly shoots at them, igniting gas from Taras stove and destroying her house. OReilly is apparently killed in the explosion, Haggard pursues and catches up to the RV. Due to an error in judgement, Haggard drives off a cliff and is killed, Zoil reassures the Big Guy that he will have Paul within the hour, but she is tired of waiting and informs Zoil that she has ordered a military response. Paul, Graeme, Clive, Ruth and Tara arrive at Devils Tower National Monument, a helicopter suddenly arrives with agents and The Big Guy. Zoil then appears and starts a stand-off, disabling the agents, secretly, Zoil is Pauls friend and was attempting to aid the escape under cover of capturing Paul
Paul (film)
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United kingdom theatrical release poster
Paul (film)
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Seth Rogen provides the voice and motion capture work for Paul.
9.
Mission: Impossible (film series)
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Mission, Impossible is a series of action spy thriller films based on the television series of the same name, produced by and starring Tom Cruise as Impossible Missions Force agent Ethan Hunt. Beginning in 1996, the follow the missions of the IMFs main field team under the leadership of Hunt. The series is the 18th-highest-grossing film series of all time, with a gross of over $2 billion to date. A sixth film is currently in production, set to be released in 2018, the action spy film was directed by Brian De Palma, and was produced by and starred Tom Cruise. Work on the script had begun early with filmmaker Sydney Pollack on board, before De Palma, Steven Zaillian, David Koepp, Mission, Impossible went into pre-production without a shooting script. De Palma came up with action sequences, but Koepp. U2 band members Larry Mullen, Jr. and Adam Clayton produced a dance version of the original theme song. The song went into top ten of charts around the world. The film was the third-highest-grossing of the year and received reviews from film critics. Ethan sends Nyah Nordoff-Hall undercover to stop ex-IMF agent Sean Ambrose from stealing a virus to start a pandemic. The film was directed by John Woo and starred Tom Cruise, the movie has strong thematic similarities with Alfred Hitchcocks 1946 spy thriller Notorious. Ethan and the entire IMF are blamed for the bombing of the Kremlin while investigating an individual known only as Cobalt and he and three other agents are left to stop him from starting a global nuclear war. The IMF comes under threat from the Syndicate, an organization of assassins. Faced with the IMFs disbandment, Ethan assembles his team for their mission to prove the Syndicates true existence, on July 24,2015, a report surfaced saying Paramount Pictures is already developing Mission, Impossible 6. On July 28, Tom Cruise confirmed on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart that a sixth Mission, Impossible film was being developed and will, it is hoped, begin production in 2016. On November 19, McQuarrie was being eyed for returning as director while Rebecca Ferguson began discussions of reprising her role of Ilsa Faust. By December 2015, McQuarrie announced that he will be returning to direct the sixth film, in February 2017, McQuarrie revealed that the film would include more backstory to Hunts personal life. Filming is expected to place in France, New Zealand & the UK. Henry Cavill has signed on to star as well
Mission: Impossible (film series)
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Blu-ray box set of the first four films
10.
Montgomery Scott
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Montgomery Christopher Jorgensen Scotty Scott is a fictional character in the science fiction franchise Star Trek. Simon Pegg has assumed the character and appeared in the 2009 film Star Trek and its sequels, Star Trek Into Darkness, Chris Doohan, son of James Doohan, has taken on the role of Scotty in the popular web series, Star Trek Continues. Chris has also had roles in the J. J Abrams films Star Trek, the character almost did not make it to the show after series creator Gene Roddenberry sent Doohan a letter informing him, We dont think we need an engineer in the series. Only through the intervention of Doohans agent did the character remain, Doohan tried a variety of accents for the part and decided to use a Scottish accent on the basis that he thought Scottish people make the best engineers. Doohan himself chose Scottys first name, Montgomery, in honor of his maternal grandfather James Montgomery, in a third-season production memo, Roddenberry said Doohan is capable of handling anything we throw at him and that the dour Scot works better when being protective of the ships engines. Scotty spent part of his life in Aberdeen, Scotland, on March 3,2222, Doohan claimed to have based Scottys accent on an Aberdeen accent he once heard. Scottys technical knowledge and skill allow him to devise unconventional and effective solutions to dire problems. Scottys identity is connected to the Enterprise itself, and the character often takes a paternal attitude toward the ship. He is frequently the liaison between Captain James T. Kirks ambitious tactical plans and what is feasible in the realm of the starships capabilities. Scotty oversaw the Enterprises refit prior to the events of Star Trek, The Motion Picture, and is part of the crew when the Enterprise confronts Khan Noonien Singh in Star Trek II, The Wrath of Khan. After Scotty was promoted to captain of engineering of the USS Excelsior in Star Trek III, The Search for Spock, he sabotages the new ship, Scotty joins Kirks crew aboard the USS Enterprise-A at the end of Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home. In Star Trek V, The Final Frontier, he helps Kirk, Spock and Dr. Leonard McCoy escape the brig, Scotty kills Colonel West before the latter can assassinate the Federation president in Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country. Scotty joins Kirk and Pavel Chekov for the USS Enterprise-Bs maiden voyage in Star Trek Generations, in September 2007, Paul McGillion auditioned for the Scotty role in the 2009 Star Trek movie and received James Doohans son Chris endorsement. However, Simon Peggs casting was announced on October 12,2007, with assistance from Spock Prime and James Kirk, he joins the Enterprise crew and becomes the ships chief engineer. Slate. com called Peggs performance of Scotty in the 2009 Star Trek film juicily comic. The character of Scotty has a role in the film Star Trek Beyond, in which he meets an alien woman named Jaylah, who leads him to the crashed Federation starship. Working together, the two make the ship again flightworthy and Scotty helps Jaylah to see the value of working together with a crew, following Doohans death, several Scottish towns campaigned to be named Scottys official birthplace. Scripts, production materials and Doohans family support Linlithgows claim to being Scottys birthplace, however, Scotty says in Wolf in the Fold that he is an old Aberdeen pub crawler, and Aberdeen city leaders proposed plans to erect a monument to the actor and character
Montgomery Scott
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James Doohan in Star Trek (1966)
Montgomery Scott
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Simon Pegg (2008)
11.
Star Trek (film)
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Star Trek is a 2009 American science fiction adventure film directed by J. J. Abrams, written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Kirk and Spock aboard USS Enterprise as they combat Nero, a Romulan from their future who threatens the United Federation of Planets, the story takes place in an alternate reality because of time travel by both Nero and the original Spock. The alternate timeline was created in an attempt to free the film, the idea for a prequel film which would follow the Star Trek characters during their time in Starfleet Academy was discussed by series creator Gene Roddenberry in 1968. After the separation between Viacom and CBS Corporation, former Paramount president Gail Berman convinced CBS to allow Paramount to produce a feature film, Orci and Kurtzman, both fans of the Star Trek series, were approached to write the film and Abrams was approached to direct it. Kurtzman and Orci used inspiration from novels and graduate school dissertations as well as the series itself, principal photography commenced on November 7,2007 and ended on March 27,2008. The film was shot in locations around California and Utah. Abrams wanted to avoid using bluescreen and greenscreen, opting to use sets, heavy secrecy surrounded the films production and was under the fake working title Corporate Headquarters. Industrial Light & Magic used digital ships for the film, as opposed to the films in the franchise. Production for the film concluded by the end of 2008 and it was released in the United States and Canada on May 8,2009, to critical acclaim. Critics praised the development as well as the storyline in the film. Star Trek became a box office success, grossing over $385.7 million worldwide against its budget of $150 million. The DVD and Blu-ray for the film were released on October 19,2010, the film is followed by two sequels, Star Trek Into Darkness and Star Trek Beyond with a fourth having been announced. In the 23rd century, the Federation starship USS Kelvin is investigating a storm in space. A Romulan ship, Narada, emerges from the storm and attacks Kelvin, naradas first officer, Ayel, demands that Kelvins Captain Robau come aboard to negotiate a truce. Robau is questioned about the current stardate and an Ambassador Spock, naradas commander, Nero, kills him, and resumes attacking Kelvin. George Kirk, Kelvins first officer, orders the ships personnel, including his pregnant wife Winona, Kirk sacrifices his life to ensure Winonas survival as she gives birth to James T. Kirk. Seventeen years later on the planet Vulcan, a young Spock is accepted to join the Vulcan Science Academy, realizing that the Academy views his human mother Amanda as a disadvantage, he joins Starfleet instead. On Earth, Kirk becomes a reckless but intelligent young adult, three years later, Commander Spock accuses Kirk of cheating during the Kobayashi Maru simulation
Star Trek (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Star Trek (film)
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From top to bottom: Chris Pine, Zachary Quinto and Zoe Saldana.
Star Trek (film)
Star Trek (film)
12.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
Jazz
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Louis Armstrong (1901–1971) is considered one of the pivotal musicians in jazz for his contributions as a trumpet player, composer and singer.
Jazz
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Double bassist
Reggie Workman, saxophone player
Pharoah Sanders, and drummer
Idris Muhammad performing in 1978
Jazz
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Albert Gleizes, 1915, Composition pour Jazz, gouache on cardboard, mounted on Masonite, 73 x 73 cm,
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
Jazz
–
In the late 18th-century painting
The Old Plantation, African-Americans dance to banjo and percussion.
13.
Stratford-upon-Avon
–
Stratford-upon-Avon is a market town and civil parish in Warwickshire, England, on the River Avon,101 miles north west of London,22 miles south east of Birmingham, and 8 miles south west of Warwick. The estimated population in 2007 was 25,505, increasing to 27,445 at the 2011 Census, Stratford was originally inhabited by Anglo-Saxons and remained a village before lord of the manor, John of Coutances, set out plans to develop it into a town in 1196. In that same year, Stratford was granted a charter from King Richard I to hold a market in the town. As a result, Stratford experienced an increase in trade and commerce as well as urban expansion, the town is a popular tourist destination owing to its status as birthplace of English playwright and poet William Shakespeare, and receives approximately 2.5 million visitors a year. The Royal Shakespeare Company resides in Stratfords Royal Shakespeare Theatre, the street was a Roman road which connected Icknield Street in Alcester to the Fosse Way. The ford, which has used as a crossing since Roman times. A survey of 1251-52 uses the name Stratford for the first time to identify Old Stratford, the name was used after that time to describe the area specifically surrounding the Holy Trinity Church and the street of Old Town. The settlement which became known as Stratford was first inhabited by Anglo-Saxons following their 7th century invasion of what would become known as Warwickshire. The land was owned by the church of Worcester and it remained a village until the late 12th century when it was developed into a town by lord of the manor, John of Coutances. John laid out a new plan in 1196 based on a grid system to expand Stratford. Additionally, a charter was granted to Stratford by King Richard I in 1196 which allowed a market to be held in the town. These two charters, which formed the foundations of Stratfords transformation from a village to a town, johns plans to develop Stratford into a town meant Stratford became a place of work for tradesmen and merchants. By 1252 the town had approximately 240 burgages, as well as shops, stalls, Stratfords new workers established a guild known as the Guild of the Holy Cross for their business and religious requirements. Many of the towns earliest and most important buildings are located along what is known as Stratfords Historic Spine, the route of the Historic Spine begins at Shakespeares Birthplace in Henley Street. It continues through Henley Street to the top end of Bridge Street and into High Street where many Elizabethan buildings are located, the route carries on through Chapel Street where Nashs House and New Place are sited. The Historic Spine continues along Church Street where Guild buildings are located dating back to the 15th century, the route then finishes in Old Town, which includes Halls Croft and the Holy Trinity Church. During Stratfords early expansion into a town, the access across the River Avon into and out of the town was over a wooden bridge. In 1480, a new masonry bridge was built to replace it called Clopton Bridge
Stratford-upon-Avon
–
The
Royal Shakespeare Theatre from the Bancroft Gardens
Stratford-upon-Avon
–
Inland summer cloud development, July 2010, Stratford is denoted by the yellow dot.
Stratford-upon-Avon
–
Stratford-upon-Avon's Clock Tower
Stratford-upon-Avon
–
Historic map from 1908
14.
University of Bristol
–
The University of Bristol is a red brick research university located in Bristol, United Kingdom. It received its charter in 1909, and its predecessor institution, University College. Bristol is organised into six academic faculties composed of multiple schools, the university had a total income of £565.8 million in 2015/16, of which £146.2 million was from research grants and contracts. It is the largest independent employer in Bristol, the University of Bristol is ranked 11th in the UK for its research, according to the Research Excellence Framework 2014 by GPA. The University of Bristol is ranked 37th by the QS World University Rankings 2015-16, and is ranked amongst the top of UK universities by QS, THE, a highly selective institution, it has an average of 6.4 to 13.1 applicants for each undergraduate place. Current academics include 21 fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences,13 fellows of the British Academy,13 fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering and 44 fellows of the Royal Society. In addition, the university holds an Erasmus Charter, sending more than 500 students per year to partner institutions in Europe, the earliest antecedent of the university was the engineering department of the Merchant Venturers Technical College which became the engineering faculty of Bristol University. The university was preceded by Bristol Medical School and University College, Bristol, founded in 1876. The university was able to apply for a royal charter due to the support of the Wills and Fry families. The Wills Family made a vast fortune from the tobacco industry, the royal charter was gained in May 1909, with 288 undergraduates and 400 other students entering the university in October 1909. Henry Overton Wills III became its first chancellor, the University College was the first such institution in the country to admit women on the same basis as men. However, women were forbidden to take examinations in medicine until 1906, Bristol does not have a campus but is spread over a considerable geographic area. Most of its activities, however, are concentrated in the area of the city centre and it is a member of the Russell Group of research-led UK universities, the Coimbra Group of leading European universities and the Worldwide Universities Network. After the founding of the University College in 1876, Government support began in 1889, in December 1909, the King granted such a charter and erected the University of Bristol. Henry Wills became its first chancellor and Conwy Lloyd Morgan the first vice-chancellor, Wills died in 1911 and in tribute his sons George and Harry built the Wills Memorial Building, starting in 1913 and finally finishing in 1925. Today, it parts of the academic provision for earth sciences and law. The Wills Memorial Building is a Grade II* listed building, in 1920, George Wills bought the Victoria Rooms and endowed them to the university as a Students Union. The building now houses the Department of Music and is a Grade II* listed building, at the point of foundation, the university was required to provide for the local community
University of Bristol
–
The
Wills Memorial Building (Schools of Law and Earth Sciences) on
Park Street, Bristol. The tower was cleaned in 2006–2007. [
citation needed]
University of Bristol
–
University of Bristol
University of Bristol
–
Evacuated
King's College London students at the University of Bristol in 1940
University of Bristol
–
The Victoria Rooms, comprising the School of Music
15.
Marxism
–
It originates from the mid-to-late 19th century works of German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. As the contradiction becomes apparent to the proletariat through the alienation of labor, Marxism has since developed into different branches and schools of thought, and there is now no single definitive Marxist theory. Marxism has been adopted by a number of academics and theorists working in various disciplines. Critics have taken issue with particular Marxist claims or accused Marxism as a whole of being inconsistent, refuted based on new information. The Marxian analysis begins with an analysis of the material conditions, the economic system and these social relations form a base and superstructure. As forces of production, most notably technology, improve, existing forms of social organization become inefficient, from forms of development of the productive forces these relations turn into their fetters. Then begins an era of social revolution and these inefficiencies manifest themselves as social contradictions in society in the form of class struggle. Under the capitalist mode of production, this struggle materializes between the minority who own the means of production, and the vast majority of the population who produce goods, the socialist system would succeed capitalism as humanitys mode of production through workers revolution. According to Marxism, especially arising from crisis theory, socialism is a historical necessity, in a socialist society private property, in the form of the means of production, would be replaced by co-operative ownership. A socialist economy would not base production on the creation of private profits, Society does not consist of individuals, but expresses the sum of interrelations, the relations within which these individuals stand. The historical materialist theory of history analyses the causes of societal development. All constituent features of a society are assumed to stem from economic activity, the base and superstructure metaphor portrays the totality of social relations by which humans produce and re-produce their social existence. According to Marx, The sum total of the forces of production accessible to men determines the condition of society and this relationship is reflexive, at first the base gives rise to the superstructure and remains the foundation of a form of social organization. As Friedrich Engels clarified, The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles, accordingly, Marx designated human history as encompassing four stages of development in relations of production. Primitive Communism, as in tribal societies. Slave Society, a development of tribal to city-state, aristocracy is born, feudalism, aristocrats are the ruling class, merchants evolve into capitalists. Capitalism, capitalists are the class, who create and employ the proletariat. According to the Marxist theoretician and revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, the content of Marxism was Marxs economic doctrine
Marxism
–
Karl Marx
Marxism
–
One of the 20th century's most prominent Marxist academics; the Australian archaeologist
V. Gordon Childe
16.
Cultural hegemony
–
In philosophy and in sociology, the term cultural hegemony has denotations and connotations derived from the Ancient Greek word ἡγεμονία indicating leadership and rule. In the 20th century, the denotation of hegemony expanded to include cultural imperialism. Therefore, the changes to the functioning of the economy of a society determine its social superstructures. To that end, Antonio Gramsci proposed a distinction, between a War of Position and a War of Manœuvre. The proletarian culture will increase class consciousness, teach revolutionary theory and historical analysis, on winning the war of position, socialist leaders would then have the necessary political power and popular support to begin the political manœuvre warfare of revolutionary socialism. As a result of their different social purposes, the classes will be able to coalesce into a society with a social mission. Yet, when perceived as a society, the life of each person does contribute to the greater social hegemony. The cultural hegemony is manifested in and maintained by an existence of minor, different circumstances that are not always fully perceived by the men, althusser draws from the concepts of hegemony present in cultural hegemony, yet rejects the absolute historicism proposed by Gramsci. That the ideological state apparatuses are the sites of ideological conflict among the classes of a society. That, in contrast to the state apparatuses, such as the military and the police forces. While the ruling class in power can readily control the state apparatuses. Moreover, the ISA are not monolithic social entities, and are distributed throughout the society, as public and as private sites of class struggle. ”Cultural capital Cultural conflict Domination. The Free Art Collective Manifesto for a Counter-Hegemonic Art, the New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought. Hegemony and Counter-Hegemony, Marxism, Capitalism, and Their Relation to Sexism, Racism, Nationalism, st. Petersburg, Florida, Red and Black Publishers. Gramsci, Antonio, Buttigieg, Joseph A, ed. Prison notebooks, New York City, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-10592-4, OCLC24009547 Abercrombie, Nicholas, Turner, the London School of Economics and Political Science, Wiley-Blackwell. The Antinomies of Antonio Gramsci, New Left Review, http, //newleftreview. org/static/assets/archive/pdf/NLR09801. pdf Gramsci, rethinking Marxism, Association for economic & social analysis, EI Net Gramsci, Selections, Prison notebooks, Marxists
Cultural hegemony
–
The Communist intellectual
Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937) developed the theory of cultural hegemony to further the establishment of a working-class worldview.
Cultural hegemony
–
During the 1960s, the German student leader
Rudi Dutschke, of the
68er-Bewegung, said that changing the bourgeois West Germany required a long march through the society’s institutions, in order to identify and combat cultural hegemony. This quote is often mis-attributed to Antonio Gramsci.
17.
David Walliams
–
Since 2012 Walliams has been a judge on the ITV talent show Britains Got Talent. He wrote and starred in two series of the BBC One sitcom Big School, playing the role of chemistry teacher Keith Church, in 2015, he starred as Tommy Beresford in the BBC series Partners in Crime based on the Tommy and Tuppence novels by Agatha Christie. Walliams is also a writer of childrens books, to date he has sold more than 12.5 million copies and his books have been translated into 46 languages. He has been described as the fastest growing childrens author in the UK, Walliams was born David Edward Williams in Merton, London. He is the son of Peter Williams, a London Transport engineer, and Kathleen, a lab technician, Walliams was educated at Collingwood Boys School in Wallington, and the independent Reigate Grammar School in Surrey, where he was a contemporary of Robert Shearman. From 1989 to 1992, he studied at the University of Bristol, during university holidays in 1990, Walliams performed with the National Youth Theatre, where he met future comedy partner and friend Matt Lucas. He changed his name to David Walliams when he joined the actors union Equity. Walliams performed in the Big Finish Productions Doctor Who audio play Phantasmagoria, from 2003 to 2005 Walliams co-wrote and co-starred in three series of the BBC sketch show Little Britain with Matt Lucas. The programme first aired on BBC Three before moving to the more mainstream BBC One, a successful live stage show of the series, Little Britain Live, was produced in 2006. A number of seasonal and charity specials followed, up to 2009, a spin-off series produced in the USA by HBO, Little Britain USA, aired in 2008. In 2005 Walliams, Simon Pegg, Lucy Davis and Lauren Laverne starred in the video for Charlotte Hatherleys single Bastardo, later in the year, Walliams presented a documentary on James Bond, entitled David Walliams, My Life with James Bond. In 2007, he returned to television, garnering excellent reviews for his portrayal of a suave. Walliams portrayed comedian Frankie Howerd in the BBC Four television film Rather You Than Me, in 2010, Walliams appeared with Paul Rudd and Steve Carell in the comedy Dinner for Schmucks. In April 2012 Walliams appeared in an episode of ITVs Perspectives programme entitled David Walliams, Walliams played the mole-like alien Gibbis in the sixth series of Doctor Who, The God Complex. On 21 March 2012 Walliams was the narrator of Are You Having a Laugh, TV and Disability on BBC Two. In 2012, he narrated the ITV2 series Top Dog Model, in March 2014 Walliams narrated a short video for the charity, Electrical Safety First, featuring the character Charley from the Charley Says educational films of the 1970s. Walliams wrote and starred in two series of the BBC One sitcom Big School, playing the role of chemistry teacher Keith Church, the series also starred Catherine Tate, Frances de la Tour and Philip Glenister. In June 2015, it was announced that Big School would not be returning for a third series, for Comic Relief 2015, Walliams appeared as Lou Todd and Stephen Hawking in the Andy Pipkin role along with Catherine Tate as a nun
David Walliams
–
Walliams in 2014
David Walliams
–
Walliams in 2015, reading one of his books to an audience in New Zealand, as part of the WORD Christchurch festival.
18.
Jason Bradbury
–
In 2016, Bradbury presented several rounds of the Tour Series cycling competition for ITV4. His first book, Dot Robot, was published on 5 February 2009 and his novel in the Dot Robot series of techno-thrillers. The third book, Cyber Gold was published on 7 April 2011 and he is on the judging panels for the BAFTA Video Games Awards and the Media Guardian Innovation Awards. Bradburys first ever show was a cable show called Tellywest. He has also hosted shows on Bravo including Mercenaries in 2001/2002, on The Gadget Show, Bradbury regularly visits universities, laboratories and research and development departments to see future science and technology. He also built his own hovercraft using only a car wheel, on one of the gadget show episodes Suzi Perry tries to rid him of his addiction to Apple products but fails when it comes to his Macbook. Jason was the last original presenter until he announced he will be leaving the show at the end of 2016, Jason was the host of the primetime BBC One game show Dont Scare the Hare which made its debut on 23 April 2011. The show was presented by Jason and narrated by Sue Perkins, Jason hosts the Channel 5 show Motor Morphers which made its debut on 6 May 2013. In it, two teams are tasked with converting an old vehicle each into something different, which they then pit against each other to see whose is best. The programme aired for 4 episodes, the fastest speed reached by an internal combustion powered radio-controlled model car is 137.86 km/h on the set of The Gadget Show on 29 October 2008. The fastest speed in a water jet–powered car is 26.8 km/h and was achieved on the set of The Gadget Show on 15 March 2010. The longest ramp jump performed by a controlled model car is 26. 18m achieved by an HPI Vorza on the set of The Gadget Show on 25 March 2010. The fastest speed attained on a street luge is 186.41 km/h. Jason is signed to publishers Puffin to write a series of techno-thrillers for 8 to 13 year olds called Dot Robot, the first in the trilogy, Dot Robot, tells the story of a twelve-year-old mathematics and computer gaming genius, recruited into a top-secret robot defence-force. Jason has also been touring schools in the UK since publication of the series with an interactive experience called The Dot Robot Roadshow. His second book Atomic Swarm, was published by Puffin on 1 February 2010, Bradbury was born in Birmingham but grew up in Lincolnshire, attending New York, Lincolnshire Primary School and Gartree Community School. Bradbury has a wife whom he married on 8 April 2012 and he is also a very active Twitter user with over 200,000 followers. Bradbury also has a pilots licence and holds a UK radio amateur licence with callsign 2E0JAB
Jason Bradbury
–
Jason Bradbury
19.
Asylum (TV series)
–
Asylum is a British comedy series which was shown on Paramount Comedy Channel in 1996. Set in an asylum, it ran for one series of six episodes. Unlike traditional sitcoms or comedy television shows, it was to some extent an opportunity for stand-up routines by various comedians, mixed with an overall story involving much black humour. It is significant for involving a number of British comedians. It marked the first collaboration of Edgar Wright, Simon Pegg and Jessica Stevenson, many of the characters names were the same as those of the actors who portrayed them. David Devant & His Spirit Wife were the band for the series, performing segments in every episode, from their first album, Work, Lovelife. The lead-in track Ginger served as the title music. The series has yet to be released on DVD
Asylum (TV series)
–
Asylum title screen
20.
BBC Radio 4
–
BBC Radio 4 is a radio station owned and operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation that broadcasts a wide variety of spoken-word programmes including news, drama, comedy, science and history. It replaced the BBC Home Service in 1967, the station controller is Gwyneth Williams, and the station is part of BBC Radio and the BBC Radio department. The station is broadcast from the BBCs headquarters at Broadcasting House and it is also available through Freeview, Sky, Virgin Media and on the Internet. It is notable for its news bulletins and programmes such as Today and The World at One, BBC Radio 4 is the second most popular British domestic radio station by total hours, after Radio 2 – and the most popular in London and the South of England. It recorded its highest audience, of 11 million listeners, in May 2011 and was UK Radio Station of the Year at the 2003,2004 and 2008 Sony Radio Academy Awards and it also won a Peabody Award in 2002 for File On 4, Export Controls. Costing £71.4 million, it is the BBCs most expensive national radio network and is considered by many to be its flagship. There is no comparable British commercial network, Channel 4 abandoned plans to launch its own speech-based digital radio station in October 2008 as part of a £100m cost cutting review, in 2010 Gwyneth Williams replaced Mark Damazer as Radio 4 controller. Damazer became Master of St Peters College, Oxford, music and sport are the only fields that largely fall outside the stations remit. It broadcasts occasional concerts, and documentaries related to forms of both popular and classical music, and the long-running music-based Desert Island Discs. As a result, for around 70 days a year listeners have to rely on FM broadcasts or increasingly DAB for mainstream Radio 4 broadcasts – the number relying solely on long wave is now a small minority. The cricket broadcasts take precedence over on-the-hour news bulletins, but not the Shipping Forecast, as well as news and drama, the station has a strong reputation for comedy, including experimental and alternative comedy, many successful comedians and comedy shows first appearing on the station. The BBC Home Service was the predecessor of Radio 4 and broadcast between 1939 and 1967 and it had regional variations and was broadcast on medium wave with a network of VHF FM transmitters being added from 1955. Radio 4 replaced it on 30 September 1967, when the BBC renamed many of its radio stations. For a time during the 1970s Radio 4 carried regional news bulletins Monday to Saturday and these were broadcast twice at breakfast, at lunchtime and an evening bulletin was aired at 5. 55pm. There were also programme variations for the parts of England not served by BBC Local Radio stations and these included Roundabout East Anglia, a VHF opt-out of the Today programme broadcast from BBC Easts studios in Norwich each weekday from 6.45 am to 8.45 am. Roundabout East Anglia came to an end in 1980, when local services were introduced to East Anglia with the launch of BBC Radio Norfolk. All regional news bulletins broadcast from BBC regional news bases around England ended in August 1980 apart from in the south west, in September 1991 it was decided that the main Radio 4 service would be on FM as coverage had extended to cover almost all of the UK. Opt-outs were transferred to long wave, currently Test Match Special, extra shipping forecasts, The Daily Service, long wave very occasionally opts out at other times, such as to broadcast special services, the most recent being when Pope Benedict XVI visited Britain in 2010
BBC Radio 4
–
Logo of Radio 4 until 2007
BBC Radio 4
–
BBC Radio 4
21.
Band of Brothers (TV miniseries)
–
Band of Brothers is a 2001 American war drama miniseries based on historian Stephen E. Ambroses 1992 non-fiction book of the same name. The executive producers were Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks, who had collaborated on the 1998 World War II film Saving Private Ryan, the episodes first aired in 2001 on HBO. The series won Emmy and Golden Globe awards in 2001 for best miniseries, the series dramatizes the history of Easy Company from jump training in the United States through its participation in major actions in Europe, and up until Japans capitulation and wars end. The events portrayed are based on Ambroses research and recorded interviews with Easy Company veterans, the series took literary license, adapting the recorded history for the purposes of dramatic effect and series structure. All of the characters portrayed are based on members of Easy Company, some of the men were recorded in contemporary interviews, which viewers see as preludes to each episode. The mens identities are not revealed until the finale, the title for the book and the series comes from the St Crispins Day Speech in William Shakespeares play Henry V, delivered by Henry V of England before the Battle of Agincourt. Ambrose quotes a passage from the speech on his books first page, Band of Brothers is a dramatized account of Easy Company, assigned to the United States Armys 101st Airborne Division during World War II. Over the course of ten episodes, the details the companys exploits during the war. It includes the taking of the Eagles Nest at Obersalzberg in Berchtesgaden, Major Richard Winters is the central character featured, shown working to accomplish the missions and keep his men together and safe. While the series features an ensemble cast, each episode generally focuses on a single character. As the series is based on events, the fates of the characters conform to the persons from which they are drawn. Their experiences and the moral, mental, and physical hurdles they must overcome are central to the story, the series was developed chiefly by Tom Hanks and Erik Jendresen, who spent months detailing the plot outline and individual episodes. Steven Spielberg served as the eye and used Saving Private Ryan. Accounts of Easy Company veterans such as Donald Malarkey were incorporated into production to add historic detail, Band of Brothers was the most expensive television miniseries made by HBO or any other television network when it was created. This record was superseded by the series 2010 sister show, The Pacific, the budget for Band of Brothers was approximately $125 million, which comes to an average of $12.5 million per episode. An additional $15 million was allocated for the campaign, which included hosting screenings for World War II veterans. One of those screenings was held at Utah Beach, Normandy, on June 7,2001,47 Easy Company veterans were flown to Paris and then travelled by chartered train to the site, where the series premiered. Also sponsoring the miniseries was Chrysler, as its Jeeps were used to great extent in the series, Chrysler spent $5 to $15 million on its advertising campaign, based on and using footage from Band of Brothers
Band of Brothers (TV miniseries)
–
Band of Brothers
Band of Brothers (TV miniseries)
–
Promotional poster for Band of Brothers
Band of Brothers (TV miniseries)
–
From left:
Damian Lewis as Major
Richard Winters and
Ron Livingston as Captain
Lewis Nixon.
22.
Black Books
–
Black Books is a British sitcom created by Dylan Moran and Graham Linehan that was broadcast on Channel 4 from 2000 to 2004. The series was produced by Big Talk Productions, in association with Channel 4, the debut episode premiered on 29 September 2000 and three seasons followed, with the final episode airing on 15 April 2004. Black Books was a success, winning a number of awards. Bernard Black is the proprietor of Black Books, a small bookshop, the series revolves around the lives of Bernard, Manny and Fran. It is suggested that Fran and Bernard once slept together, but now they remain happy to be friends, sharing a love of smoking heavily, Fran otherwise has a rather hopeless love life. Manny is introduced in the first episode as an accountant who enters the bookshop seeking The Little Book of Calm. During a drunken night out, Bernard offers him a job as a shop assistant, sobering up, Bernard realises Mannys optimistic nature is not suited to this kind of operation. Fran, however, seeing that Manny is good for Bernard, many episodes are driven by Manny and Frans attempts to force Bernard into a more socially acceptable lifestyle. Their efforts usually result in chaos, sucking them back into Bernards nihilistic view of the world, Mannys attempts to improve both the shop and the residence often fail. In October 2011, Graham Linehan was asked what Bernard, Manny, Linehan responded, Theyll grow up, like everyone else. The series revolves around the three characters of Bernard Ludwig Black, Manny Bianco and Fran Katzenjammer, who all appeared in every episode. Supporting characters appear briefly in episodes, while the show also featured several guest stars, such as actor Simon Pegg. Black Books ran for a total of 18 half-hour episodes, broadcast over three series of six episodes each. Series 1 premiered on 29 September 2000 and ran until 3 November 2000, series 2 from 1 March 2002 to 5 April 2002, a pilot for the show was featured in the 1998 Channel 4 sitcom festival in Riverside Studios. This early version was darker, revolving around Bernards, and later Mannys. It featured Manny and the Fran character as Valerie, a philosophy lecturer, the pilot was an original creation of Morans and the series was his first creation as a writer for a television series. The characters were Morans original creation, created over a month-long process he calls spitballing, the concept of Bernard owning a bookshop came about because of Morans view of bookshops as doomed enterprises. Moran said Running a second-hand bookshop is a commercial failure
Black Books
–
Title screen featuring the front of Black Books.
Black Books
–
Collinge & Clark bookshop, used for exterior shots in the series
23.
Brass Eye
–
Brass Eye is a British comedy series parodying the current affairs news programming of the mid-1990s. A series of six episodes aired on Channel 4 in 1997, the series was created by Chris Morris, written by Morris, David Quantick, Peter Baynham, Jane Bussmann, Arthur Mathews, Graham Linehan and Charlie Brooker and directed by Michael Cumming. Drugs The second episode, Drugs, has described by Professor Michael Gossop as illustrative of the ease in which anti-drug hysteria can be evoked in the United Kingdom. In the opening scene of episode, a voiceover tells viewers that there are so many drugs on the streets of Britain that not even the dealers know them all. He also explained that possession of drugs without physical contact and the exchange of drugs through a mandrill were perfectly legal in English law, in response, the Home Office minister incorrectly identified the fictitious drug Cake as a pseudonym for the hallucinogenic drug methylenedioxybenzylamphetamine. Just imagine how his mother felt, Sex In one scene of the Sex episode, Morris posed as a talk-show host who took a starkly discriminatory attitude in favour of those with Good AIDS over those with Bad AIDS. A special one-off edition of the show aired four years after the series had ended and it eventually aired on 28 July 2001. It tackled paedophilia and the panic in parts of the British media following the murder of Sarah Payne. This included an incident in 2000 in which a paediatrician in Newport had the word PAEDO daubed in yellow paint on her home, nOTWs then Editor Rebekah Brooks would years later discuss this campaign at the Leveson Inquiry. To illustrate the medias reaction to the subject, various celebrities were duped into presenting fatuous. Gary Lineker and Phil Collins endorsed a spoof charity, Nonce Sense, with Collins saying, at one point, bogus CCTV footage was shown of a paedophile attempting to seduce children by stalking the streets while disguised as a school. Lineker described paedophile text slang, stating that BALTIMORA translates to literally, labour MP Syd Rapson related that paedophiles were using an area of internet the size of Ireland. Blackwood also warned watching parents that exposure to the fumes would make their children smell like hammers, prior to the launch, an eight-year-old boy had been placed on board the spaceship with Cooke by mistake. During the programme, the studio was invaded by a fictional militant pro-paedophile activism organisation called Milit-pede, when it returned, presenter Chris Morris confronted a spokesman, Gerard Chote, who had been placed in a pillory, asking if he wanted sex with Morriss six-year-old son. Hesitantly, the spokesman refused, apologetically explaining I dont fancy him, the episode won a Broadcast magazine award in 2002. The series was repeated in 2001 to tie in with the paedophilia special, a disclaimer was also added to the Drugs episode at the request of David Amess. In a particularly infamous portrayal, Hindley was the topic of a song by a fictitious indie band called Blouse. The lyrics to part of the read, Every time I see your picture, Myra/I have to phone my latest girlfriend up and fire her/And find a prostitute who looks like you and hire her/Oh
Brass Eye
–
DVD cover
24.
The Parole Officer
–
The Parole Officer is a 2001 British comedy film, directed by John Duigan. It was the first feature film to star comedian Steve Coogan, the film follows a diverse group of former criminals as they assist their probation officer in proving his innocence after a murder accusation. Simon Garden is a well-meaning but ineffectual probation officer, at the beginning of the film, he is facing a tribunal after all of his colleagues in his department in Blackpool submit complaints against him, Garden having only had three successes in his career. He is therefore transferred to Manchester and he has hypoglycemia and therefore regularly eats crisps. In Manchester, he starts his new role and meets an attractive WPC and he is discovered, chased from the building by two bouncers and after being cornered, ends up falling into a canal. However, he has left his wallet containing identification at the crime scene and is duly framed for the accountants murder by DI Burton. Simon goes to the police with the story, but ends up being interviewed by Burton and he releases Simon, but threatens him with prison unless he keeps quiet about his drugs scam and the murder. Simon first decides to leave Manchester for good and, feeling down and he realises that this security tape will clear his name and show that Burton was the real murderer. He returns to the club where the took place to try to find the tape, only to discover that it has been taken to a bank. Simon sets out to round up his four successful ex-clients and he visits George in Blackpool and convinces him to join the plan. They then recruit Jeff, who has working as a fishmonger, and Colin. The team gathers in Simons house and they set out to devise a plan to retrieve the tape from the bank. One evening they find that Kirsty, Simons first client when he started his new job in Manchester, has broken in and is attempting to steal his television. When she sees what they are doing she asks to join the gang to rob the bank and they tell her she has to leave but she convinces them that she will be small enough to slip through a vent that someone needs to access as part of their heist plan. The team members train together, organise equipment, deploy a computer virus, over time they bond as a group, have fun together and formulate their plan. However, one night, DI Burton and several officers search the house for the head of the murdered accountant. DI Burton has obviously planted it in Simons house and, despite Kirstys attempt to dispose of it, manages to frame Simon and the others, they are arrested, Kirsty is taken away by the police, but manages to slip away from them at a garage. Simon tries to explain to Emma about the plan to clear his name but, because she feels that he has hidden things from her, she is reluctant to listen
The Parole Officer
–
Theatrical poster, featuring supposed quotations from other Coogan comedy characters.
25.
24 Hour Party People
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24 Hour Party People is a 2002 British comedy-drama film about Manchesters popular music community from 1976 to 1992, and specifically about Factory Records. It was written by Frank Cottrell Boyce and directed by Michael Winterbottom, the film was entered into the 2002 Cannes Film Festival. It begins with the rock era of the late 1970s and moves through the 1980s into the Madchester scene of the late 1980s. The main character is Tony Wilson, a reporter for Granada Television. The narrative largely follows his career, while covering the major Factory artists, especially Joy Division and New Order, A Certain Ratio, The Durutti Column. The film is a based on a combination of real events, rumours, urban legends. The fourth wall is broken, with Wilson frequently commenting on events directly to camera as they occur, at one point declaring that he is being postmodern. The actors are often intercut with real contemporary concert footage, including the Sex Pistols gig at the Lesser Free Trade Hall, in 1976 television presenter Tony Wilson sees the Sex Pistols perform at the Manchester Lesser Free Trade Hall for the first time. Inspired, Wilson starts a series of punk rock shows at a Manchester club. Wilson founds a record label, Factory Records, and signs Joy Division as the first band and he hires irascible producer Martin Hannett to record Joy Division, and soon the band and label have a hit record. In 1980, just before Joy Division is to tour the United States, Joy Division rename themselves New Order and record a hit single, Blue Monday. Wilson opens a nightclub, The Haçienda, business is slow at first, Wilson signs another hit band, Happy Mondays, led by Shaun Ryder, and the ecstasy-fuelled rave culture is born. Despite the apparent success, Factory Records is losing money, every copy of Blue Monday sold loses five pence, as the intricately designed packaging by Peter Saville costs more than the singles sale price. Wilson pays for New Order to record a new album in Ibiza and he pays for the Happy Mondays to record their fourth studio album in Barbados, but Ryder spends all the recording money on drugs. When Wilson finally receives the finished album, he finds that Ryder has refused to record vocals, at the Haçienda, ecstasy use is curbing alcohol sales and attracting gang violence. While smoking marijuana on the roof of Haçienda after its closing night, the film holds a Metacritic score of 85/100. Roger Ebert gave it four out of four stars, the film was nominated for the Palme dOr at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival. The soundtrack to 24 Hour Party People features songs by artists associated with Factory Records who were depicted in the film
24 Hour Party People
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US Theatrical poster
24 Hour Party People
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24 Hour Party People
26.
Guest House Paradiso
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The film is semi-officially based on their comedy television series Bottom. The key difference in the characters is in their surnames, Mayalls character, edmondsons character changes from Edward Elizabeth Hitler in the TV/live show to Edward Elizabeth Ndingombaba. Despite this difference, both retain the same personalities as their TV counterparts. The film was made at Ealing studios and on location on the Isle of Wight, Richard Richie Richard and Edward Eddie Elizabeth Ndingombaba Hitler run the worst guest house in the United Kingdom, neighbouring a poorly maintained nuclear power station. The guests are dissatisfied by the poor service, and all decide to leave. Life seems bleak for Eddie and Richie, but things seemingly improve with the arrival of the Nice family, furthermore, the famous Italian actress Gina Carbonara comes to stay in the grotty house while seeking safety from her ill-tempered fiancé Gino Bolognese. However Gino does eventually find her at the guest house as Eddie, later, Richie finds some fish, which fell off a military lorry heading away from the nuclear power station. Richie and Eddie dont realise that the fish had been contaminated by a leak until after theyve fed them to the guests. In an act of solidarity, every guest projectile vomits on him at once, forcing him backwards, out through a window. The three accept the offer, and head to the Caribbean, in the films final scene, Eddie winks to the camera after commenting How lucky he was the only fatality. Otherwise thered be a question mark hanging over our escape. The film has a 67% audience rating on Rotten Tomatoes, Guest House Paradiso at the Internet Movie Database Guest House Paradiso at Rotten Tomatoes
Guest House Paradiso
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Guest House Paradiso
27.
Steve Coogan
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Stephen John Coogan is an English actor, stand-up comedian, impressionist, screenwriter, and producer. He began his career in the 1980s, working as a voice artist on the puppet show Spitting Image. In the early 1990s, he began creating comic characters. In 1999, he co-founded the production company Baby Cow Productions and he featured in several television series, which earned him three BAFTA nominations and two wins for Best Comedy Performance. A feature-length film, Alan Partridge, Alpha Papa, was released in 2013, Coogan grew in prominence within the film industry in 2002, after starring in The Parole Officer and 24 Hour Party People. He was also an actor in the animated comedy films Despicable Me 2 and its prequel Minions. Coogan has also branched out into dramatic roles, with What Maisie Knew. He co-wrote, produced, and starred in the film adaptation Philomena, which earned him a Golden Globe and BAFTA nomination and he has been cast in the lead role for the ABC television pilot Doubt and the Showtime drama Happyish. On 22 November 2011, Coogan, along with Hugh Grant, Coogan was born in Middleton, Lancashire in 1965. He is the fourth of seven born to Kathleen, a housewife, and Anthony Coogan. He was raised Roman Catholic, in a working class family and his mother is Irish-born, from Mayo, and his father is of Irish descent. He attended Cardinal Langley Roman Catholic High School and he has stated that he had a happy childhood, and in addition to having four brothers and two sisters, his parents fostered children on a short-term basis. Coogan had a talent for impersonation, and wanted to go to drama school, Coogan began his career as a comic and impressionist, performing regularly in Ipswich, before working as a voice artist for television advertisements and the satirical puppet show Spitting Image. His most prominent characters developed at this time were Paul Calf, a working class Mancunian. He appeared as a presenter on the television comedy The Day Today, before hosting his own chat show. In 1997, Partridge returned in the sitcom Im Alan Partridge, which was followed by a series in 2002. Partridge featured in Coogans 2008 stand-up tour, a feature-length film, Alan Partridge, Alpha Papa, was released in 2013. Paul Calf first began as a character named Duncan Disorderly in Coogans early stand-up routines, Calf first came to wider public notice in 1993, with several appearances on Saturday Zoo, a late-night variety show presented by Jonathan Ross on Channel 4
Steve Coogan
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Coogan at the 2013
Toronto International Film Festival
Steve Coogan
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Michael Winterbottom, Steve Coogan and Rob Brydon at the Ryerson Theatre in Toronto for the screening of Tristram Shandy (14 September 2005)
28.
Channel 4
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Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital on 31 March 2010, before Channel 4 and S4C, Britain had three terrestrial television services, BBC1, BBC2, and ITV. The Broadcasting Act 1980 began the process of adding a fourth, after some months of test broadcasts, it began scheduled transmissions on 2 November 1982. Indeed, television sets throughout the 1970s and early 1980s had a spare channel called ITV/IBA2. It was most likely politics which had the biggest impact in leading to a delay of almost three decades before the commercial channel became a reality. The campaign was taken so seriously by Gwynfor Evans, former president of Plaid Cymru, the result was that Channel 4 as seen by the rest of the United Kingdom would be replaced in Wales by Sianel Pedwar Cymru. Operated by a specially created authority, S4C would air programmes in Welsh made by HTV, since then, carriage on digital cable, satellite and digital terrestrial has introduced Channel 4 to Welsh homes where it is now universally available. The first programme to air on the channel was the game show Countdown. The first person to be seen on Channel 4 was Richard Whiteley with Ted Moult being the second, the first woman on the channel, contrary to popular belief, was not Carol Vorderman and was a lexicographer only ever identified as Mary. Whiteley opened the show with the words, On its first day, Channel 4 also broadcast controversial soap opera Brookside, which ran until 2003. On its launch, Channel 4 committed itself to providing an alternative to the existing channels, Channel 4 co-commissioned Robert Ashleys ground-breaking television opera Perfect Lives, which it premiered over several episodes in 1984. The channel often did not receive mass audiences for much of period, however. Channel 4 for many years had a poorer quality signal compared to other channels, Channel 4 also began the funding of independent films, such as the Merchant-Ivory docudrama The Courtesans of Bombay, during this time. In 1992, Channel 4 also faced its first libel case by Jani Allan, a South African journalist, who objected to her representation in the documentary The Leader, His Driver and the Drivers Wife. After control of the station passed from the Channel Four Television Company to the Channel Four Television Corporation in 1993, instead of aiming for the fringes of society, it began to focus on the edges of the mainstream, and the centre of the mass market itself. It began to show many US programmes in peak viewing time and it gave such shows as Friends and ER their UK premières. In the early 2000s, Channel 4 began broadcasting reality formats such as Big Brother and obtained the rights to broadcast mass appeal sporting events like cricket and this new direction increased ratings and revenues. In addition, the corporation launched a number of new channels through its new 4Ventures offshoot, including Film4, At the Races, E4
Channel 4
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Channel 4
29.
Spaced
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Spaced is a British television sitcom written by and starring Jessica Stevenson and Simon Pegg, and directed by Edgar Wright. Two series of seven episodes each were broadcast in 1999 and 2001 on Channel 4 on a Friday night, Daisy Steiner and Tim Bisley are two London based twenty-somethings who meet by chance in a café while both are flat-hunting. Also in the building is Brian Topp, a conceptual artist who lives. Frequent visitors are Daisys best friend, Twist Morgan and Tims best friend, Mike Watt, Tim and Daisy repeatedly stress that they are not a couple to everyone but Marsha, but despite this, romantic tension develops between them, particularly during the second series. It is currently being repeated on London Live, the show has a distinctive cinematic style set by Wright and is shot with a single camera. In addition to borrowing liberally from the language of film, it has particular stylistic mannerisms. The series atmosphere is established by the use of a particular flavour of contemporary dance music on its soundtrack. The series is dense with references to culture, including but not limited to science fiction and horror films, comic books. 2000 AD artists Jim Murray and Jason Brashill provided the artwork for Tims comic The Bear, Tims boss Bilbo wears a 2000 AD comic T-shirt whilst lecturing Tim about Star Wars, Episode I – The Phantom Menace. The series is noted for its regular recreational drug use references. Tim and Daisy smoke cannabis on a number of occasions, one episode centring on its use, Tim and Mike take speed on one occasion, and it is implied that Tim, Mike, Daisy, Twist and Brian take ecstasy while clubbing. Spaced was nominated in 2000 and 2002 for a British Academy Television Award for situation comedy, Jessica Stevenson won the British Comedy Award in 1999 and 2001 for best TV Comedy Actress. Simon Pegg was nominated in 1999 for the British Comedy Award for Best Male Comedy Newcomer, the shows second series was nominated for an International Emmy Award in 2001 for Popular Arts. Spaced Series 1 and 2 were both released on DVD in the United Kingdom, music rights issues long prevented the release of Spaced in Region 1. Despite the raised profile resulting from Shaun of the Dead and Hot Fuzz, in an interview, it was suggested a deal with Anchor Bay Entertainment failed to come to fruition over the music rights. Supplemental features included the commentaries, the Skip to the End documentary, outtakes, deleted scenes. Individual tracks that were featured in an episode included Is You Is or Is You Aint My Baby. by Louis Jordan, Smash It by Fuzz Townshend. A Guy Pratt remix of the A-Team theme song, featured at the conclusion of Epiphanies, was a fan favourite, in 2001, a soundtrack to the first series was released in tandem with the first series release on DVD and videotape
Spaced
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Title card
Spaced
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Spaced: Soundtrack to the TV Series
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