1.
David O. Selznick
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David O. Selznick was an American film producer, screenwriter and film studio executive. He is best known for producing Gone with the Wind and Rebecca, David Selznick was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Florence Anna and silent movie producer and distributor Lewis J. Selznick. His parents were Ukrainian Jewish immigrants and he had four siblings and his dad was born in Kyiv in 1870. Selznick added the O to distinguish himself from an uncle with the same name and he studied at Columbia University in New York City and worked as an apprentice for his father until the elders bankruptcy in 1923. In 1926, Selznick moved to Hollywood, and with the help of his fathers connections and he left MGM for Paramount Pictures in 1928, where he worked until 1931, when he joined RKO as Head of Production. David Selznicks years at RKO were fruitful, and he worked on films, including A Bill of Divorcement. Rockabye, Bird of Paradise, Our Betters, and King Kong, while at RKO, he also gave George Cukor his directing break. In 1933 he returned to MGM where his father-in-law, Louis B, mayer established a second prestige production unit for David, parallel to that of powerful Irving Thalberg, who was in poor health. Selznicks unit output included the all star cast movie Dinner at Eight, David Copperfield, Anna Karenina, despite his output of successful movies at MGM, Paramount Pictures, and RKO Pictures, Selznick longed to be an independent producer with his own studio. In 1935 he realized that goal by leasing RKO Culver City Studios & back lot, formed Selznick International Pictures, Gone with the Wind won eight Oscars and two special awards. Selznick also won the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award that same year, in 1940 he produced his second Best Picture Oscar winner in a row, Rebecca, the first Hollywood production for British director Alfred Hitchcock. Selznick had brought Hitchcock over from England, launching the directors American career, Rebecca was Hitchcocks only film to win Best Picture. After Rebecca, Selznick closed Selznick International Pictures and took time off. His business activities included the loan of his artists to other studios, including Alfred Hitchcock, Ingrid Bergman, Vivien Leigh. In 1944, he formed The Selznick Studio and returned to producing pictures with the huge success Since You Went Away and he followed that with the Hitchcock films Spellbound and The Paradine Case, as well as Portrait of Jennie, a vehicle for Jennifer Jones. He also developed projects and sold the packages to other producers. Among the movies that he developed but then sold was Hitchcocks Notorious, in 1949 he co-produced the Carol Reed picture The Third Man with Alexander Korda. Gone with the Wind overshadowed the rest of Selznicks career, later, he was convinced that he had wasted his life trying to out do it
2.
Claudette Colbert
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Claudette Colbert was an American film actress and a leading lady in Hollywood for over two decades, and has been called The mixture of inimitably beauty, sophistication, wit, and vivacity. Colbert began her career in Broadway productions during the late 1920s, initially associated with Paramount Pictures, Colbert later gradually shifted to working as a freelance actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress in It Happened One Night, other notable films include Cleopatra and The Palm Beach Story. During her career, Colbert starred in more than sixty movies and she was the industrys highest-paid star in 1938 and 1942. Among her frequent co-stars were Fred MacMurray in seven films, by the early 1950s, she had largely retired from the screen in favor of television and stage work, earning a Tony Award nomination for The Marriage-Go-Round in 1959. Her career tapered off during the early 1960s, but in the late 1970s she experienced a resurgence in theater. For her television work in The Two Mrs. Grenvilles she won a Golden Globe Award, in 1999, the American Film Institute voted Colbert the 12th Greatest Female star of classic Hollywood cinema. Émilie Lily Claudette Chauchoin was born in Saint-Mandé, France, to Georges Claude Chauchoin, despite being christened Émilie, she was called Lily, because she had an aunt living with her by the name of Émilie. The aunt was her maternal grandmothers adopted child, Emilie Loew, who was not a relative, worked as a dressmaker. Colberts nickname Lily came from Jersey-born actress Lillie Langtry, Colberts brother, Charles Auguste Chauchoin, was also born in Jersey. While Georges Chauchoin had lost the sight in his eye and hadnt settled into a profession, he worked as investment banker. Marie Loew had already been to the U. S. Marie was willing to help Georges financially but also encouraged him to try his luck in the U. S. In order to more employment opportunities, her family including Marie and Emilie Loew emigrated into Manhattan in 1906. They lived in a fifth-floor walk-up at 53rd Street, Colbert stated that climbing those stairs to the fifth floor every day until 1922 made her legs beautiful. Her parents formally changed her name to Lily Claudette Chauchoin. Georges Chauchoin worked as an official at First National City Bank. Colbert quickly learned English from her grandmother Marie Loew before entering public school and she had hoped to become a painter since she could first grasp a pencil. In 1912 her family was naturalized in the U. S and her mother wanted to become an opera singer
3.
Jennifer Jones
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Jennifer Jones, also known as Jennifer Jones Simon, was an American actress during the Hollywood golden years. Jones, who won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Song of Bernadette, was also Academy Award-nominated for her performances in four other films and she was married three times, most notably to film producer David O. Selznick. Jones starred in more than 20 films over a 30-year career, in 1980, she founded the Jennifer Jones Simon Foundation For Mental Health and Education after her daughters suicide. In later life, Jones withdrew from life to live in quiet retirement with her son and his family in Malibu. Jones was born Phylis Lee Isley in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the daughter of Flora Mae, an only child, she was raised Roman Catholic. Her parents toured the Midwest in a tent show that they owned and operated. It was there that she met and fell in love with fellow acting student Robert Walker, the couple married on January 2,1939. Isley and Walker returned to Tulsa for a 13-week radio program, arranged by her father, Isley landed two small roles, first in a 1939 John Wayne western titled New Frontier, followed by a serial entitled Dick Tracys G-Men. She failed a screen test for Paramount Pictures and decided to return to New York City, while Walker found steady work in radio programs, Isley worked part-time modeling hats for the Powers Agency while looking for possible acting jobs. Selznick, however, had overheard her audition and was impressed enough to have his secretary call her back, following an interview, she was signed to a seven-year contract. She was carefully groomed for stardom and given a new name, director Henry King was impressed by her screen test as Bernadette Soubirous for The Song of Bernadette and she won the coveted role over hundreds of applicants. Jones apologized to Bergman, who replied, No, Jennifer, Jones presented the Best Actress Oscar the following year to Bergman for Gaslight. Over the next two decades, Jones appeared in a range of roles selected by Selznick. Her dark beauty and sensitive nature appealed to audiences and she projected a variable range, the portrait of Jones for the film Portrait of Jennie was painted by Robert Brackman. Her last big-screen appearance came in the disaster film The Towering Inferno. Her performance earned her a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress, early scenes in the film showed paintings lent to the production by the art gallery of Jones husband, Norton Simon. Jones had two sons from her first marriage, Robert Walker, Jr. and Michael Walker, Robert was the only child of Jones three children who would not predecease her. Jones had an affair with film producer David O. Selznick and she separated from Walker in November 1943, co-starred with him in Since You Went Away, and divorced him in June 1945
4.
Joseph Cotten
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Joseph Cheshire Cotten, Jr. was an American film, stage, radio and television actor. Cotten achieved prominence on Broadway, starring in the stage productions of The Philadelphia Story. He first gained fame in the Orson Welles film Citizen Kane, The Magnificent Ambersons. He went on to one of the leading Hollywood actors of the 1940s, appearing in films such as Shadow of a Doubt, Love Letters, Duel in the Sun, Portrait of Jennie, The Third Man. One of his films was Michael Ciminos Heavens Gate. Joseph Cotten was born in 1905 in Petersburg, Virginia, the first of three born to Joseph Cheshire Cotten, Sr. an assistant postmaster, and Sally Willson Cotten. He grew up in the Tidewater region and showed an aptitude for drama, in 1923, when Cotten was 18, his family arranged for him to receive private lessons at the Hickman School of Expression in Washington, D. C. and underwrote his expenses. He earned spending money playing professional football on Sundays, for $25 a quarter, after graduation, he earned enough money as a lifeguard at Wilcox Lake to pay back his familys loan, with interest. He worked as an agent, and his work as a theatre critic inspired him to become involved in theatre productions, first in Virginia. Cotten made his Broadway debut in 1930, in 1934 Cotten met and became friends with Orson Welles, a fellow cast member on CBS Radios The American School of the Air. Welles regarded Cotten as a brilliant comic actor, and gave him the role in his Federal Theatre Project farce. Cotten was sure that Horse Eats Hat won him the notice of his future Broadway costar, Cotten made his film debut in the Welles-directed short, Too Much Johnson, a comedy that was intended to complement the aborted 1938 Mercury stage production of William Gillettes 1890 play. The film was never screened in public and was lost until 2013, Cotten returned to Broadway in 1939, creating the role of C. K. Dexter Haven opposite Katharine Hepburns Tracy Lord in the original production of Philip Barrys The Philadelphia Story. The play ran for a year at the Shubert Theatre, Hayward suggested that they call Cottens good pal, Orson Welles. Hes been making big waves out here, Hayward said, maybe nobody in Hollywood ever heard of the Shubert Theatre in New York, but everybody certainly knows about the Mercury Theatre in New York. After the success of Welless War of the Worlds 1938 Halloween radio broadcast, the two-picture deal promised full creative control for the young director below an agreed budget limit, and Welless intention was to feature the Mercury Players in his productions. Shooting had still not begun on a Welles film after a year, in mid-1940 filming began on Citizen Kane, portraying the life of a press magnate who starts out as an idealist but eventually turns into a corrupt, lonely old man. The film featured Cotten prominently in the role of Kanes best friend Jedediah Leland, nominated for nine Academy Awards in 1942, the film won only for Best Screenplay, for Mankiewicz and Welles
5.
Shirley Temple
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Shirley Temple Black was an American actress, singer, dancer, businesswoman and diplomat who was most notable as Hollywoods number one box-office star from 1935 to 1938. As an adult, she was named United States ambassador to Ghana and to Czechoslovakia, Shirley Temple began her film career in 1932 at age 3. In 1934, she found fame in Bright Eyes, a feature film designed specifically for her talents. Licensed merchandise that capitalized on her image included dolls, dishes. Her box-office popularity waned as she reached adolescence and she appeared in a few films of varying quality in her mid-to-late teens, and retired from films in 1950 at the age of 22. Temple returned to business in 1958 with a two-season television anthology series of fairy tale adaptations. She made guest appearances on shows in the early 1960s. She sat on the boards of corporations and organizations including The Walt Disney Company, Del Monte Foods, in 1988, she published her autobiography, Child Star. Temple was the recipient of awards and honors, including the Kennedy Center Honors. She is 18th on the American Film Institutes list of the greatest female American screen legends of Classic Hollywood cinema, Shirley Temple was born on April 23,1928, in Santa Monica, California. She was the child of Gertrude Amelia Temple, a homemaker, and George Francis Temple. The family was of English, German, and Dutch ancestry and she had two brothers, George Francis, Jr. and John Stanley. The family moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles and her mother supported her young daughters singing, dancing, and acting talents, and in September 1931, enrolled her in Meglins Dance School in Los Angeles. About this time, her mother began styling her daughters hair in ringlets, while at Meglins, she was spotted by Charles Lamont, a casting director for Educational Pictures. Although Shirley hid behind the piano while in the studio, Lamont took a shine to her, invited her to audition, Educational Pictures were about to launch their Baby Burlesks, multiple short films satirizing recent film and political events, using preschool children in every role. Baby Burlesks was a series of one-reelers, another series of two-reelers called Frolics of Youth followed, with Shirley playing Mary Lou Rogers, to underwrite production costs at Educational, she and her child co-stars modeled for breakfast cereals and other products. She was lent to Tower Productions for a role in her first feature film in 1932 and, in 1933, to Universal, Paramount. After Educational Pictures declared bankruptcy in 1933, her father purchased her contract for $25, while walking out of the viewing of her last Frolics of Youth picture, Fox Film songwriter Jay Gorney saw the little girl dancing in the movie theater lobby
6.
Max Steiner
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Maximilian Raoul Max Steiner was an Austrian-born American music composer for theatre and films. He was a prodigy who conducted his first operetta when he was twelve and became a full-time professional, either composing, arranging, or conducting. He worked in England, then Broadway, and in 1929 he moved to Hollywood, Steiner was referred to as the father of film music. Steiner composed over 300 film scores with RKO Pictures and Warner Bros. and was nominated for 24 Academy Awards and he was also the first recipient of the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score, which he won for his score to Life with Father. A lot of his scores are available as separate soundtrack recordings. Steiner was born on May 10,1888, in Austria-Hungary and he was the only child in a wealthy business and theatrical family of Jewish heritage. His father was Gabor Steiner, Viennese impresario, carnival exposition manager, Steiners mother was a dancer in stage productions put on by his grandfather. His godfather was the composer Richard Strauss, Max Steiner often credited his family for inspiring his early musical abilities. His parents sent Steiner to the Vienna University of Technology, and he studied various instruments including piano, organ, violin, double bass, and trumpet. He also had courses in harmony, counterpoint, and composition, for his early achievements he was awarded a gold medal by the academy. Steiner first entered the world of music when he was fifteen. He wrote and conducted the operetta, The Beautiful Greek Girl, the opera ran for a year and led to opportunities to conduct other shows in various cities around the world, including Moscow and Hamburg. He was invited to London to conduct Lehars The Merry Widow and he stayed in London for 8 years conducting musicals at Dalys Theares, the Adelphi, the Hippodrome, the London Pavilion and the Blackpool Winter Gardens. In England, Steiner wrote and conducted theater productions and symphonies, but in 1914, World War I started and he was interned as an enemy alien. Fortunately, he was befriended by the Duke of Westminster, who was a fan of his work and he arrived in New York City in December,1914, with only $32 to his name. Steiner soon acquired employment and worked in New York for fifteen years as a director, arranger, orchestrator. These productions include operettas and musicals written by Victor Herbert, Jerome Kern, Vincent Youmans, Steiners credits include, George Whites Scandals, Peaches, Lady, Be Good. In 1927, Steiner orchestrated and conducted Harry Tierneys Rio Rita, tierney himself later requested that RKO Pictures in Hollywood hire Steiner to work in their music production departments
7.
Lee Garmes
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Lee Garmes, A. S. C. was an American cinematographer. He also co-directed two films with legendary screenwriter Ben Hecht, Angels Over Broadway and Actors and Sin, born in Peoria, Illinois, Garmes first came to Hollywood in 1916. His first job was as an assistant in the paint department at Thomas H. Ince Studios and his earliest films were comedy shorts, and his career did not fully take off until the introduction of sound. Garmes was married to film actress Ruth Hall from 1933 until his death in 1978 and he is interred in the Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. Garmes was one of the earliest proponents of video technology, which he advocated as early as 1972 and that year, he had been hired by Technicolor to photograph the short film Why, which was intended to test whether video was a viable technology for shooting feature films. According to American Cinematographer magazine, Although officially unaccredited, Lee Garmes photographed a considerable portion of Gone with the Wind, many consider the famous railroad yard sequence among his finest cinematic efforts. Garmes was one of many Hollywood veterans from the silent era interviewed by Kevin Brownlow for the television series Hollywood, wins Academy Awards, Oscar, Best Cinematography, for Shanghai Express,1933. Twice received the Eastman Kodak Award, nominations Academy Awards, Oscar, Best Cinematography, for Morocco,1931. Academy Awards, Oscar, Best Cinematography, for Since You Went Away,1945, Academy Awards, Oscar, Best Cinematography, for The Big Fisherman,1960
8.
Selznick International Pictures
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Selznick International Pictures was a Hollywood motion picture studio created by David O. Selznick in 1935, and dissolved in 1943. The studio itself had built in 1918–19 by film pioneer Thomas Ince. When Ince died in 1924 the studio was taken over by Cecil B, eventually Pathe took over and then in the 1930s it became part of RKO. In 1957 it would part of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnazs company. Selznick leased offices at the studio during the first year or so, even though the studio reverted to RKO in the 1940s, Selznick kept offices there for the rest of his life. He raised an additional $300,000 from small investors in New York, Whitney himself became chairman of the board, and Selznick president, of the new company. Selznick International assumed Pioneers contract to make at least six pictures in the new full-color Technicolor process, unlike his peers in the major studios, wrote film historian Leonard J. Leff, Selznick produced films as medieval architects built cathedrals, one by one. Selznick intended to produce a few each year, a plan which he hoped would allow him to be as picky and careful as he liked. He said to his companys board in 1935, There are only two kinds of merchandise that can be made profitably in this business, either the very cheap pictures or the very expensive pictures. Selznick believed, there is no alternative open to us but to attempt to compete with the very best. By 1940, Selznick International Pictures was the film studio in Hollywood. Jock Whitney and his sister Joan Whitney Payson acquired Gone with the Wind, at the time of the final dissolution in 1943, three features were in production or pre-production, although they were released in 1944 and 1945. To complete his obligation to deliver two more pictures to United Artists, Selznick formed David O. Selznick Productions in 1940 at the studio location. The new company took over the old companys contracts with individual directors and actors. After the dissolution of Selznick International, Selznick established Vanguard Films, Inc. in 1943, Vanguard was created to continue his productions, while Selznick Releasing was made to distribute output by Vanguard. Previously, Vanguard released through United Artists, of which Vanguard owned one-third of its stock, as with Selznick International, Vanguard was located at the RKO studio. Films were distributed by United Artists unless noted, Selznick formed Vanguard Films to complete projects in progress at the time Selznick International Pictures was dissolved. Films were distributed by United Artists unless noted, the rights to the Selznick library have been scattered, as noted in the following timeline
9.
United Artists
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United Artists is an American film and television entertainment studio. The studio was bought, sold and restructured over the ensuing century. On December 14 of the year, however, MGM acquired the 48% stake of UAMG it did not own. UA was incorporated as a joint venture on February 5,1919, by Pickford, Chaplin, Fairbanks, each held a 20% stake, with the remaining 20% held by lawyer William Gibbs McAdoo. The idea for the venture originated with Fairbanks, Chaplin, Pickford, already Hollywood veterans, the four stars talked of forming their own company to better control their own work. They were spurred on by established Hollywood producers and distributors who were tightening their control over salaries and creative decisions. With the addition of Griffith, planning began, but Hart bowed out before anything was formalized, when he heard about their scheme, Richard A. Rowland, head of Metro Pictures, is said to have observed, The inmates are taking over the asylum. The four partners, with advice from McAdoo, formed their distribution company and its headquarters was established at 729 Seventh Avenue in New York City. The original terms called for each of the stars to produce five pictures each year, UAs first film was a success. Without selling stock to the public, following the other studios, as a result, production was slow and the company distributed an annual average of five films during its first five years. By 1924 Griffith had dropped out and the company was facing a crisis, veteran producer Joseph Schenck was hired as president. He had been producing pictures for a decade, and he brought commitments for films starring his wife, Norma Talmadge, his sister-in-law, Constance Talmadge, contracts were signed with independent producers, most notably Samuel Goldwyn, and Howard Hughes. In 1933, Schenck organized a new company with Darryl F. Zanuck, called Twentieth Century Pictures, Schenck formed a separate partnership with Pickford and Chaplin to buy and build theaters under the United Artists name. They began international operations, first in Canada and then in Mexico, by the end of the 1930s, United Artists was represented in over 40 countries. When he was denied a share in 1935, Schenck resigned. He set up 20th Century Pictures merger with Fox Film Corporation to form 20th Century Fox, al Lichtman succeeded Schenck as company president. Other independent producers distributed through United Artists in the 1930s including, Walt Disney Productions, Alexander Korda, Hal Roach, David O. Selznick, as the years passed, and the dynamics of the business changed, these producing partners drifted away. Samuel Goldwyn Productions and Disney went to RKO, and Wanger to Universal Pictures, in the late 1930s, UA turned a profit
10.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
11.
Midwestern United States
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It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984. Illinois is the most populous of the states and North Dakota the least, a 2012 report from the United States Census put the population of the Midwest at 65,377,684. The Midwest is divided by the Census Bureau into two divisions, the East North Central Division includes Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin, all of which are also part of the Great Lakes region. Major rivers in the include, from east to west, the Ohio River, the Upper Mississippi River. Chicago is the most populated city in the American Midwest and the third most populous in the entire country, other large Midwest cities include, Indianapolis, Columbus, Detroit, Milwaukee, Kansas City, Omaha, Minneapolis, Cleveland, Wichita and St. Louis. Chicago and its suburbs form the largest metropolitan area with 9.8 million people, followed by Metro Detroit. Paul, Greater St. Louis, Greater Cleveland, Greater Cincinnati, Kansas City metro area, the term Midwestern has been in use since the 1880s to refer to portions of the central United States. A variant term, Middle West, has used since the 19th century. Another term sometimes applied to the general region is the heartland. Other designations for the region have fallen out of use, such as the Northwest or Old Northwest, the Northwest Territory was one of the earliest territories of the United States, stretching northwest from the Ohio River to northern Minnesota and upper-Mississippi. The upper-Mississippi watershed including the Missouri and Illinois Rivers was the setting for the earlier French settlements of the Illinois Country, economically the region is balanced between heavy industry and agriculture, with finance and services such as medicine and education becoming increasingly important. Its central location makes it a crossroads for river boats, railroads, autos, trucks. Politically the region swings back and forth between the parties, and thus is heavily contested and often decisive in elections, after the sociological study Middletown, which was based on Muncie, Indiana, commentators used Midwestern cities as typical of the nation. The region has a higher ratio than the Northeast, the West. Traditional definitions of the Midwest include the Northwest Ordinance Old Northwest states, the states of the Old Northwest are also known as Great Lakes states and are east-north central in the United States. The Ohio River runs along the section while the Mississippi River runs north to south near the center. Many of the Louisiana Purchase states in the west-north central United States, are known as Great Plains states. The Midwest lies north of the 36°30′ parallel that the 1820 Missouri Compromise established as the line between future slave and non-slave states
12.
Camp Claiborne
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Camp Claiborne was a U. S. Army military camp during World War II located in Rapides Parish in central Louisiana. The camp was under the jurisdiction of the U. S, eighth Service Command, and included 23,000 acres. The camp was just north of the town of present-day Forest Hill, near the intersection of U. S. Highway 165 and it was established June 10,1930, as Camp Evangeline, named for the Evangeline District of the Kisatchie National Forest, where it was situated. It was later renamed for the Governor of the Territory of Orleans and first governor of the State of Louisiana, in 1939, construction crews were sent to expand the camp, and it was activated in 1940. From 1939 to 1946, over half a million men went through Camp Claiborne, the camp was mainly used for basic training and artillery practice, which included the nearby Winn District-Kisatchie Precision Bombing Range. It was also home to the Engineering Unit Training Command, special service forces training was also conducted there, including railroad battalion training. The 34th Infantry Division came to Claiborne for its basic training, in 1941, prior to the United States declaring war, the camp was used as part of the Louisiana Maneuvers, a 400, 000-man training exercise involving two imaginary countries fighting each other. The two armies faced each other across the Red River, over 3,400 square miles of land, near the end of the war, German prisoners of war were held at the camp. Many of the men, like the ones from the 34th Infantry Division who were from Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, not only did they have to get used to basic training, they had to get used to the climate of Louisiana. The camp was deactivated in 1945, and returned to Kisatchie National Forest, as part of the National Forest System, to simulate wartime repairs of railroads, the Claiborne-Polk Military Railroad was built. The railroad was about 50 miles long and had 25 bridges and this was also used to experiment with derailing of trains. It ran from Camp Claiborne—on the Missouri Pacific south of Alexandria—westward 48 miles to Camp Polk—on the Kansas City Southern south of Leesville, construction began on 4 September 1941, and the Golden Spike ceremony was held on 11 July 1942. In October 1942, the soldiers who had built the Claiborne-Polk Military Railroad shipped out to Iran, the foundation of the locomotive shop and other remnants can still be seen. The 725th and other ROBs referred to it as the Crime and Punishment railroad, the engines used were 40 years old, and the freight cars, some not US made, were two generations old. Some European cars had only 4 wheels, and did not do well on curves, derailments occurred so often that they pulled a crane to pick up derailed cars and repair the roadbed. Sometimes the rails sunk under the swamp, and cars were lost in the quicksand, more than one engineer reported seeing the rails swaying and vibrating for some time after the train had passed. It was reported one engine was lost in the quicksand and is still there. In other cases, buildings were erected on top of the lost equipment, when the camp was closed in 1948, many buildings were donated or sold in the area and were moved
13.
Victory garden
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They were used along with Rationing Stamps and Cards to reduce pressure on the public food supply. This made victory gardens a part of life on the home front. World War II Victory Gardens became popular in Canada in 1917, under the Ministry of Agricultures campaign, A Vegetable Garden for Every Home, residents of cities, towns and villages utilized backyard spaces to plant vegetables for personal use and war effort. In the city of Toronto, ladies organizations brought expert gardeners into the schools to get school children, in addition to gardening, home owners were encouraged to keep hens in their yards for the purpose of collecting eggs. The result was large production of potatoes, beets, cabbage, in March 1917, Charles Lathrop Pack organized the US National War Garden Commission and launched the war garden campaign. Food production had fallen dramatically during World War I, especially in Europe, the campaign promoted the cultivation of available private and public lands, resulting in over five million gardens in the USA and foodstuff production exceeding $1.2 billion by the end of the war. President Woodrow Wilson said that Food will win the war, to support the home garden effort, a United States School Garden Army was launched through the Bureau of Education, and funded by the War Department at Wilsons direction. Australia launched a Dig for Victory campaign in 1942 as rationing, the situation began to ease in 1943, however, home gardens continued throughout the war. In Britain, digging for victory used much land such as ground, railway edges, ornamental gardens and lawns, sports fields. Sometimes a sports field was left as it was but used for sheep-grazing instead of being mown, county Herb Committees were established to collect medicinal herbs when German blockades created shortages, for instance in Digitalis purpurea which was used to regulate heartbeat. Victory gardens were planted in backyards and on apartment-building rooftops, with the vacant lot commandeered for the war effort. And put to use as a cornfield or a squash patch, during World War II, sections of lawn were publicly plowed for plots in Hyde Park, London to promote the movement. Amid regular rationing of food in Britain, the United States Department of Agriculture encouraged the planting of victory gardens during the course of World War II, around one third of the vegetables produced by the United States came from victory gardens. By May 1943, there were 18 million victory gardens in the United States -12 million in cities and 6 million on farms. Fruit and vegetables harvested in these home and community plots was estimated to be 9,000, 000–10,000,000 short tons in 1944, an amount equal to all commercial production of fresh vegetables. In New York City, the lawns around vacant Riverside were devoted to victory gardens, the slogan grow your own, can your own, was a slogan that started at the time of the war and referred to families growing and canning their own food in victory gardens. In 1946, with the war over, many British residents did not plant victory gardens, however, shortages remained in the United Kingdom, and rationing remained in place for at least some food items until 1954. Land at the centre of the Sutton Garden Suburb in Sutton, London was first put to use as a garden during World War II
14.
Hattie McDaniel
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Hattie McDaniel was an African American stage actress, professional singer-songwriter, and comedian. She is best known for her role as Mammy in Gone with the Wind, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, the first Academy Award won by an African American entertainer. In addition to acting in films, McDaniel was a radio performer and television star. She appeared in over 300 films, although she received screen credits for only 80 or so. McDaniel has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Hollywood, one at 6933 Hollywood Boulevard for her contributions to radio and one at 1719 Vine Street for acting in motion pictures. In 1975, she was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, McDaniel was born June 10,1895, in Wichita, Kansas, to former slaves. She was the youngest of 13 children and her father, Henry McDaniel, fought in the Civil War with the 122nd United States Colored Troops and her mother, Susan Holbert, was a singer of religious music. In 1900, the moved to Colorado, living first in Fort Collins and then in Denver. Her brother, Sam McDaniel, played the butler in the 1948 Three Stooges’ short film Heavenly Daze and her sister Etta McDaniel was also an actress. McDaniel was not only a performer but was also a songwriter and she honed her songwriting skills while working with her brothers minstrel show. After the death of her brother Otis in 1916, the troupe began to lose money, from 1920 to 1925, she appeared with Professor George Morrisons Melody Hounds, a black touring ensemble. In the mid-1920s, she embarked on a career, singing with the Melody Hounds on station KOA in Denver. From 1926 to 1929, she recorded many of her songs for Okeh Records, after the stock market crashed in 1929, the only work McDaniel could find was as a washroom attendant and waitress at Club Madrid in Milwaukee. Despite the owners reluctance to let her perform, she was allowed to take the stage. In 1931, McDaniel moved to Los Angeles to join her brother Sam and her sisters Etta, when she could not get film work, she took jobs as a maid or cook. Sam was working on a KNX radio program, The Optimistic Do-Nut Hour and she performed on radio as Hi-Hat Hattie, a bossy maid who often forgets her place. Her show became popular, but her salary was so low that she had to continue working as a maid and her first film appearance was in The Golden West, in which she played a maid. Her second was in the highly successful Mae West film Im No Angel and she received several other uncredited film roles in the early 1930s, often singing in choruses
15.
Monty Woolley
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Monty Woolley was an American stage, film, radio, and television actor. At the age of 50, he achieved a measure of stardom for his role in the stage play and 1942 film The Man Who Came to Dinner. His distinctive white beard was his trademark and he was known as The Beard. Woolley was born Edgar Montillion Woolley in Manhattan to William Edgar Woolley and Jessie née Arms, Woolley received a bachelors degree at Yale University, where Cole Porter was an intimate friend and classmate, and masters degrees from Yale and Harvard Universities. He eventually became an assistant professor of English and drama coach at Yale, thornton Wilder and Stephen Vincent Benét were among his students. He served in World War I in the United States Army as a first lieutenant assigned to the staff in Paris. Woolley began directing on Broadway in 1929, and began acting there in 1936 after leaving his academic career, in 1939 he starred in the Kaufman and Hart comedy The Man Who Came to Dinner for 783 performances. It was for this role he was typecast as the wasp-tongued. Woolley signed with 20th Century Fox in the 1940s and appeared in films through the mid-1950s. The film received a review from the New York Times. He played himself in Warner Bros. fictionalized film biography of Cole Porter, Night and Day, and he was also a frequent radio presence as a guest performer, first appearing in the medium as a foil to Al Jolson. Woolley became a familiar guest presence on such shows as The Fred Allen Show, Duffys Tavern, The Big Show, The Chase and Sanborn Hour with Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy, in 1950, Woolley landed the starring role in the NBC series The Magnificent Montague. The show lasted from November 1950 through September 1951, Woolley first appeared on television in cameos, then in his own dramatic play series On Stage with Monty Woolley. He starred in a CBS TV adaptation of The Man Who Came to Dinner in 1954, which he and some reviewers lambasted, and appeared in other televised dramas in the series Best of Broadway. After completing his last film, Kismet, he returned to radio for about a year, Woolley was nominated twice for an Academy Award, as Best Actor in 1943 for The Pied Piper and as Best Supporting Actor in 1945 for Since You Went Away. He won a Best Actor award from the National Board of Review in 1942 for his role in The Pied Piper and his hands and beard were impressed in the pavement of Graumans Chinese Theatre in 1943. Woolley received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960, officially listed in the Motion Picture category, Woolley died due to complications from kidney and heart ailments on May 6,1963, in Albany, New York, aged 74. He is interred at the Greenridge Cemetery, Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County, Woolley and Cole Porter enjoyed many adventures together in New York and on foreign travels, although Porter reportedly disapproved of Woolley taking a black man as his lover
16.
Agnes Moorehead
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Agnes Robertson Moorehead was an American actress whose career of six decades included work in radio, stage, film, and television. She is chiefly known for her role as Endora on the television series Bewitched and she was also notable for her film roles in Citizen Kane, The Magnificent Ambersons, All That Heaven Allows, Show Boat, and Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte. Mooreheads transition to television won acclaim for drama and comedy and she could play many different types, but often portrayed haughty, arrogant characters. Moorehead later shaved six years off her age by claiming to have born in 1906. Moorehead recalled her first public performance was at the age of three, reciting The Lords Prayer in her fathers church, the family moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and Mooreheads ambition to become an actress grew very strong. Her mother indulged her active imagination, often asking, Who are you today, while Moorehead and her sister would often engage in mimicry, often coming to the dinner table and imitating parishioners. Moorehead noted and was encouraged by her fathers amused reactions and she joined the chorus of the St. Louis Municipal Opera Company, known as The Muny. Moorehead always said she graduated from Central High School in St. Louis in 1918, however, she appears in no Central High School yearbook while she does appear in the yearbook of Soldan High School. She lived near Soldan High School, on Union Boulevard, she did not live near Central High School on Grand Avenue, although her father did not discourage her acting ambitions, he insisted that she obtain a formal education. In 1923, Moorehead earned a degree, with a major in biology, from Muskingum College in New Concord, Ohio, while there. She later received a doctorate in literature from Muskingum and served for a year on its board of trustees. She then pursued studies at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. Moorehead received a doctoral degree from Bradley University in Peoria. Mooreheads early career was unsteady, and, although she was able to stage work. She later recalled going four days without food, and said that it had taught her the value of a dollar and she found work in radio and was soon in demand, often working on several programs in a single day. She believed that it offered her excellent training and allowed her to develop her voice to create a variety of characterizations, Moorehead met the actress Helen Hayes, who encouraged her to try to enter films, but her first attempts were met with failure. Rejected as not being the type, Moorehead returned to radio. Moorehead met Orson Welles, and by 1937 was one of his principal Mercury Players and she performed in his The Mercury Theatre on the Air radio adaptations, and had a regular role opposite Welles in the serial The Shadow as Margo Lane
17.
Robert Walker (actor, born 1918)
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Robert Hudson Walker was an American actor, best known for his starring role in Alfred Hitchcocks 1951 thriller Strangers on a Train, which was released shortly before his death. He started in youthful boy-next-door roles, often as a World War II soldier, One of these roles was opposite his first wife, Jennifer Jones, in Since You Went Away. He also played Jerome Kern in Till the Clouds Roll By, twice divorced by 30, he suffered from alcoholism and mental illness, which were exacerbated by his painful separation and divorce from Jones. Walker was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, the youngest of four sons of Zella and he was of English and Scottish descent. Walker lived in her home during his first year in the city, while attending the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, Walker met fellow aspiring actress Phylis Isley, who later took the stage name Jennifer Jones. After a brief courtship, the couple were married in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Walker found work in radio while Phylis stayed home and gave birth to two sons in quick succession - actor Robert Walker, Jr. and Michael Walker. Walker co-starred in the weekly show Maudies Diary from August 1941 to September 1942, Phylis then returned to auditioning where her luck changed when she was discovered in 1941 by producer David O. Selznick, who changed her name to Jennifer Jones and groomed her for stardom. The couple returned to Hollywood, and Selznicks connections helped Walker secure a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and he also appeared in Selznicks Since You Went Away in which he and his wife portrayed doomed young lovers during World War II. By that time, Jones affair with Selznick was common knowledge, the filming of their love scenes was torturous as Selznick insisted that Walker perform take after take of each love scene with Jones. She filed for divorce in April 1945 and that same year, Walker starred as a GI preparing for overseas deployment in The Clock, with Judy Garland playing his love interest in her first straight dramatic film. In 1946, Walker starred in the musical Till the Clouds Roll By and he starred as another composer, Johannes Brahms, in Song of Love, which co-starred Katharine Hepburn and Paul Henreid. In 1948 Walker starred with Ava Gardner in the film One Touch of Venus, the film was a non-musical comedy adapted from a Broadway show with music by Kurt Weill. He married Barbara Ford, the daughter of director John Ford, in July 1948 and he spent time at the Menninger Clinic in 1949 where he was treated for a psychiatric disorder. Following his discharge, he was cast by director Alfred Hitchcock in Strangers on a Train, in his final film, he played the title role of Leo McCareys My Son John, made at the height of the Red Scare. Despite the films anti-Communist themes, Walker was allegedly neither liberal nor conservative and took the job to work with McCarey, Walker died before production finished, and so angles from his death scene in Strangers were spliced into a similar melodramatic death scene near the end of the film. On the night of August 28,1951, Walkers housekeeper allegedly found the actor in an emotional state and she called Walkers psychiatrist who arrived and administered amobarbital for sedation. Walker had allegedly been drinking prior to the outburst, and it is believed the combination of amobarbital and alcohol caused him to lose consciousness, Henaghan stated that he stopped by Walkers house, where they played cards, and Walker was behaving normally. Walkers psychiatrist arrived and insisted that he receive an injection, when Walker refused, Henaghan held him down in order for the physician to administer it
18.
United States Military Academy
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It sits on scenic high ground overlooking the Hudson River,50 miles north of New York City. It is one of the four U. S. military service academies, the entire central campus is a national landmark and home to scores of historic sites, buildings, and monuments. The majority of the campuss Norman-style buildings are constructed from gray, the campus is a popular tourist destination complete with a large visitor center and the oldest museum in the United States Army. Candidates for admission must both apply directly to the academy and receive a nomination, usually from a member of Congress or Delegate/Resident Commissioner in the case of Washington, puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands. Other nomination sources include the President and Vice President of the United States, students are officers-in-training and are referred to as cadets or collectively as the United States Corps of Cadets. Tuition for cadets is fully funded by the Army in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation, approximately 1,300 cadets enter the Academy each July, with about 1,000 cadets graduating. Cadets are required to adhere to the Cadet Honor Code, which states that a cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, the academy bases a cadets leadership experience as a development of all three pillars of performance, academics, physical, and military. Most graduates are commissioned as lieutenants in the Army. Foreign cadets are commissioned into the armies of their home countries, since 1959, cadets have also been eligible to cross-commission, or request a commission in one of the other armed services, provided that they meet that services eligibility standards. Every year, a small number of cadets do this. The academys traditions have influenced other institutions because of its age and it was the first American college to have an accredited civil-engineering program and the first to have class rings, and its technical curriculum was a model for later engineering schools. West Points student body has a rank structure and lexicon. All cadets reside on campus and dine together en masse on weekdays for breakfast, the academy fields fifteen mens and nine womens National Collegiate Athletic Association sports teams. Cadets compete in one sport every fall, winter, and spring season at the intramural, club and its football team was a national power in the early and mid-20th century, winning three national championships. The Continental Army first occupied West Point, New York, on 27 January 1778, between 1778 and 1780, the Polish engineer and military hero Tadeusz Kościuszko oversaw the construction of the garrison defenses. While the fortifications at West Point were known as Fort Arnold during the war, as commander, Benedict Arnold committed his act of treason, after Arnold betrayed the patriot cause, the Army changed the name of the fortifications at West Point, New York, to Fort Clinton. With the peace after the American Revolutionary War, various ordnance, Cadets underwent training in artillery and engineering studies at the garrison since 1794. In 1801, shortly after his inauguration as president, Thomas Jefferson directed that plans be set in motion to establish at West Point the United States Military Academy and he selected Jonathan Williams to serve as its first superintendent
19.
Corporal
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Corporal is a military rank in use in some form by many militaries and by some police forces or other uniformed organizations. Within NATO, each member nations corresponding military rank of corporal is combined under the NATO-standard rank scale code OR-4, however, there are often differences in how each nation employs Corporals. Some militaries dont have Corporals, but may instead have a Junior Sergeant, in some militaries, the rank of corporal nominally corresponds to commanding a section or squad of soldiers. The lateral promotion is used to make the soldier a non-commissioned officer without changing the soldiers pay, as the Table of Organization & Equipment rank of a fire team leader is sergeant and that of squad leader is staff sergeant. In most countries that derive their military structure from the British military system, the word is derived from the medieval Italian phrase capo corporale. It may also be derived from an appointment as an officers bodyguard, all three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic use two or three ranks of corporal, or cabo. Corporals in the Argentine military are considered suboficiales subalternos, superior only to all ranks of Volunteers, in the Argentine Army, there are two ranks of corporal, junior and senior, Cabo and cabo primero. While the Argentine Navy has three ranks, from junior to senior, Cabo segundo, Cabo primero and cabo principal. The Air Force has the number of corporal ranks as the navy. The rank is used by the Argentine National Gendarmerie and the Argentine Federal Police. Corporal is the second lowest of the officer ranks in the Australian Army. A corporal is usually appointed as a commander, and is in charge of 7-14 soldiers of private rank. They are assisted by a second-in-command, usually a lance-corporal or senior private, a Corporal within Artillery is known as a bombardier. Corporal is also a rank of the Royal Australian Air Force, with the exception Belgian Naval Component, the branches of the Belgian Armed Forces use three ranks of corporal, corporal, master corporal and 1st master corporal. Corporal is equivalent to NATO Rank Code OR-3, whereas master corporal, the rank immediately below corporal is 1st private and the rank directly above 1st master corporal is sergeant. The equivalent of these ranks in the Naval Component are quartermaster, chief quartermaster, Corporal is the first NCO rank of the Army, Navy, Air Force and states military polices. Soldiers who successfully complete the course may be promoted to the rank of corporal should they excel in the course. A corporal in the Brazilian Army will lead the smallest fractions of units as machine gun squads, mortar, Corporal is an Army and Air Force non-commissioned member rank of the Canadian Forces
20.
Operation Avalanche
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The Allied invasion of Italy was the Allied amphibious landing on mainland Italy that took place on 3 September 1943 during the early stages of the Italian Campaign of World War II. The operation was undertaken by General Sir Harold Alexanders 15th Army Group, the main invasion force landed around Salerno on 9 September on the western coast in Operation Avalanche, while two supporting operations took place in Calabria and Taranto. Following the defeat of the Axis Powers in North Africa in May 1943, the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, in particular wanted to invade Italy, which in November 1942 he called the soft underbelly of the axis. Popular support in Italy for the war was declining, and he believed an invasion would remove Italy, in addition, it would tie down German forces. When it became clear that no cross-channel invasion of occupied France could be undertaken in 1943, it was agreed to invade Sicily, Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, to go ahead at the earliest possible date. The Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943, codenamed Operation Husky, was successful, although many of the Axis forces managed to avoid capture. The Axis viewed this as a success, more importantly, in late July, a coup deposed Mussolini as head of the Italian government, which then began approaching the Allies to make peace. It was believed an invasion of Italy might hasten an Italian surrender. However, Italian resistance proved relatively strong, and fighting in Italy continued even after the fall of Berlin in April 1945. In addition, the left the Allies in a position of supplying food and supplies to conquered territory. As well, Italy occupied by a hostile German army would have created problems for the German Commander-in-Chief. The short distance from Sicily meant landing craft could launch from there directly, montgomery was strongly opposed to Operation Baytown. He was proved correct, after Operation Baytown the British Eighth Army marched 300 miles north to the Salerno area against no other than engineering obstacles. Plans for the use of Allied airborne forces took several forms, the initial plan to land glider-borne troops in the mountain passes of the Sorrento Peninsula above Salerno was abandoned 12 August. Six days later it was replaced by Operation Giant, in two regiments of the U. S. 82nd Airborne Division would seize and hold crossings over the Volturno River. The main landings were scheduled to take place on 9 September and it would consist of the U. S. Its primary objectives were to seize the port of Naples to ensure resupply, the naval task force of warships, merchant ships and landing craft totaling 627 vessels came under the command of Vice Admiral Henry K. Hewitt. However, with the signing of the armistice with the Italians on 3 September the picture changed, the airborne division, which was undergoing training exercises in two locations 640 kilometres apart, was ordered on 4 September to embark on 8 September
21.
Welder
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A welder or lit operator is a tradesperson who specializes in fusing materials together. The term welder refers to the operator, the machine is referred to as the power supply. The materials to be joined can be metals or varieties of plastic or polymer, welders typically have to have good dexterity and attention to detail, as well as some technical knowledge about the materials being joined and best practices in the field. Welding, without the proper precautions appropriate for the process, can be a dangerous, however, with the use of new technology and proper protection, the risks of injury and death associated with welding can be greatly reduced. Because many common welding procedures involve an open electric arc or flame, to prevent them, welders wear personal protective equipment in the form of heavy leather gloves and protective long sleeve jackets to avoid exposure to extreme heat and flames. Additionally, the brightness of the area leads to a condition called arc eye in which ultraviolet light causes the inflammation of the cornea. To protect bystanders, opaque welding curtains often surround the welding area, welders are also often exposed to dangerous gases and particulate matter. The size of the particles in question tends to influence the toxicity of the fumes, additionally, many processes produce fumes and various gases, most commonly carbon dioxide and ozone, that can prove dangerous if ventilation is inadequate. Welders with expertise in welding pressurized vessels, including submarine hulls, industrial boilers, kalpakjian, Serope and Steven R. Schmid
22.
Lieutenant commander
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Lieutenant commander is a commissioned officer rank in many navies. The rank is superior to a lieutenant and subordinate to a commander, the corresponding rank in most armies and air forces is major, and in the Royal Air Force and other Commonwealth air forces is squadron leader. The NATO rank code is mostly OF-3, a lieutenant commander is a senior department officer or the executive officer on many warships and smaller shore installation, or the commanding officer of a smaller ship/installation. They are also senior department officers in naval aviation squadrons, most Commonwealth and other navies address lieutenant commanders by their full rank or the positions they occupy. The United States Navy, however, addresses officers by their rank or the higher grade of the rank. For example, oral communications in formal and informal situations, a Lieutenant is abbreviated as Lieutenant, Lieutenants were commonly put in command of smaller vessels not warranting a commander or captain. Such a lieutenant was called a lieutenant commanding or lieutenant commandant in the United States Navy, the USN settled on lieutenant commander in 1862 and made it a distinct rank. The RN followed suit in March 1914, the insignia worn by a Royal Navy lieutenant commander is two medium gold braid stripes with one thin gold stripe running in between, placed upon a navy blue/black background. The top stripe has the ubiquitous loop used in all RN officer rank insignia, the RAF follows this pattern with its equivalent rank of squadron leader. This distinction was abolished when the rank of lieutenant commander was introduced, throughout much of its existence, the British Royal Observer Corps maintained a rank of observer lieutenant commander. The ROC wore a Royal Air Force uniform and their rank insignia appeared similar to that of an RAF squadron leader except that the stripes were shown entirely in black, prior to the renaming, the rank had been known as observer lieutenant. In the Royal Canadian Navy, the rank is the naval rank equal to Major in the army or air force and is the first senior officer rank, Lieutenant Commanders are senior to Lieutenants and to army and air force Captains, and are junior to Commanders and Lieutenant Colonels. There are two insignia used by USN and USCG Lieutenant Commanders, in all dress uniforms, they wear sleeve braid or shoulder boards bearing a single gold quarter-inch stripe between two gold half-inch strips. Above or inboard of the stripes, they wear their speciality insignia and this rank is also used on in Pakistan Navy. The rank of lieutenant commander is used in the Irish Naval Service. The majority of commanders in the Irish Naval Service hold the rank of lieutenant commander, with a commander being a senior. The corresponding rank in the German Navy, Italian Navy, Argentine Navy, Brazilian Navy, French Navy, Spanish Navy and most other French and Spanish-speaking countries is corvette captain. The insignia of kapteeniluutnantti, the rank immediately below the former, is one thin stripe between two wider ones, which could cause confusion among the naval personnel of other nations
23.
Colonel (United States)
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It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services. The pay grade for colonel is O-6, the insignia of the rank of colonel, as seen on the right, is worn on the officers left side. The insignia for a colonel is an eagle which is a stylized representation of the eagle dominating the Great Seal of the United States. As on the Great Seal, the eagle has a U. S. shield superimposed on its chest and is holding an olive branch, however, in simplification of the Great Seal image, the insignia lacks the scroll in the eagles mouth and the rosette above its head. On the Great Seal, the branch is always clutched in the eagles right-side talons. The head of the eagle faces towards the branch, rather than the arrows. As a result, the head of the eagle faces towards the viewers left. During World War II the military insignia for the rank of Colonel changed somewhat with the eagle facing the arrows and this was done only during war years. These special war eagles, although rare, can sometimes be found in surplus or memorabilia sales. In the United States Army and United States Air Force, the eagle is worn with the head of the eagle to the wearers right. In the United States Marine Corps, United States Navy, United States Coast Guard and NOAA, the United States rank of colonel is a direct successor to the same rank in the British Army. The first colonels in America were appointed from Colonial militias maintained as reserves to the British Army in the American colonies, upon the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, colonial legislatures would grant commissions to men to raise a regiment and serve as its colonels. Thus, the first American colonels were usually respected men with ties in local communities, such was the origin of the phrase soldier and statesman. With the post-war reduction of the US Army, the rank of colonel disappeared, the first insignia for the rank of colonel consisted of gold epaulettes worn on the blue uniform of the Continental Army. The first recorded use of the insignia was in 1805 as this insignia was made official in uniform regulations by 1810. The rank of colonel was relatively rare in the early 19th century, partly because the U. S. Army was very small, and the rank was usually obtained only after long years of service. During the War of 1812 the Army grew rapidly and many colonels were appointed, a number of other colonels were appointed by brevet - an honorary promotion usually for distinguished service in combat. The American Civil War saw an influx of colonels as the rank was commonly held in both the Confederate army and Union Army by those who commanded a regiment
24.
Lionel Barrymore
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Lionel Barrymore was an American actor of stage, screen and radio as well as a film director. He is also remembered as Ebenezer Scrooge in annual broadcasts of A Christmas Carol during his last two decades. He was a member of the theatrical Barrymore family, Lionel Barrymore was born Lionel Herbert Blythe in Philadelphia, the son of actors Georgiana Drew Barrymore and Maurice Barrymore. He was the brother of Ethel and John Barrymore, the uncle of John Drew Barrymore and Diana Barrymore. He attended private schools as a child, including the Art Students League of New York, while raised a Roman Catholic, Barrymore attended the Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia. Barrymore graduated from Seton Hall Preparatory School, the Roman Catholic college prep school and he was married twice, to actresses Doris Rankin and Irene Fenwick, a one-time lover of his brother, John. Doriss sister Gladys was married to Lionels uncle Sidney Drew, which made Gladys both his aunt and sister-in-law, Doris Rankin bore Lionel two daughters, Ethel Barrymore II and Mary Barrymore. Barrymore never truly recovered from the deaths of his girls, and their loss undoubtedly strained his marriage to Doris Rankin, Years later, Barrymore developed a fatherly affection for Jean Harlow, who was born about the same time as his daughters. When Harlow died in 1937, Barrymore and Clark Gable mourned her as though she had been family. Although reluctant to follow his parents career, Barrymore appeared together with his formidable grandmother Louisa Lane Drew on tour and he later recounted that I didnt want to act. I wanted to paint or draw, the theater was not in my blood, I was related to the theater by marriage only, it was merely a kind of in-law of mine I had to live with. Nevertheless, he found success on stage in character roles and continued to act, although he still wanted to become a painter. He appeared on Broadway in his twenties with his uncle John Drew Jr. in such plays as The Second in Command and The Mummy and the Hummingbird. Both were produced by Charles Frohman, who produced plays for Barrymore and his siblings, John. The Other Girl in 1903–04 was a success for Barrymore. In 1905, he appeared with John and Ethel in a pantomime, starring as the character in Pantaloon and playing another character in the other half of the bill. In 1906, after a series of disappointing appearances in plays, Barrymore and his first wife, the actress Doris Rankin, left their careers and travelled to Paris. He did not achieve success as a painter, and in 1909 he returned to the US, the producers gave appendicitis as the reason for his sudden departure
25.
Alla Nazimova
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Alla Nazimova was a Russian actress who immigrated to the United States in 1905. On Broadway, she was noted for her work in the plays of Ibsen, Chekhov. Her efforts at silent film production were less successful, but a few sound-film performances survive as a record of her art, Nazimova openly conducted relationships with women, and her mansion on Hollywood’s Sunset Boulevard was believed to be the scene of outlandish parties. She is credited with having originated the phrase ‘sewing circle’ as a code for lesbian or bisexual actresses. She was born Marem-Ides Leventon in Yalta, Crimea, Russian Empire and her stage name Alla Nazimova was a combination of Alla and the surname of Nadezhda Nazimova, the heroine of the Russian novel Children of the Streets. She was widely known as just Nazimova, and also went under the name Alia Nasimoff and she was the youngest of three children of Jewish parents Yakov Abramovich Leventon, a pharmacist, and Sofia Lvovna Horowitz, who moved to Yalta in 1870 from Kishinev. She grew up in a family, her parents divorced when she was 8. After her parents separated, she was shuffled among boarding schools, as a teenager she began to pursue an interest in the theatre and took acting lessons at the Academy of Acting in Moscow. She joined Constantin Stanislavskis Moscow Art Theatre using the name of Alla Nazimova for the first time, Nazimovas theater career blossomed early, and by 1903 she was a major star in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. She toured Europe, including London and Berlin, with her boyfriend Pavel Orlenev, in 1905 they moved to New York City and founded a Russian-language theater on the Lower East Side. The venture was unsuccessful, and Orlenev returned to Russia while Nazimova stayed in New York and she was signed up by the American producer Henry Miller and made her Broadway debut in New York City in 1906 to critical and popular success. Her English-language premiere in November 1906 was in the role of Hedda Gabler. She quickly became popular and remained a major Broadway star for years, often acting in the plays of Henrik Ibsen. Dorothy Parker described her as the finest Hedda Gabler she had ever seen, due to her notoriety in a 35-minute 1915 play entitled War Brides, Nazimova made her silent film debut in 1916 in the filmed version of the play, which was produced by Lewis J. Selznick. A young actor with a bit part in the movie was Richard Barthelmess, Nazimova had encouraged him to try out for movies and he later became a star. In 1917, she negotiated a contract with Metro Pictures, a precursor to MGM and she moved from New York to Hollywood, where she made a number of highly successful films for Metro that earned her considerable money. In 1927, she became a citizen of the United States. Nazimova soon felt confident enough in her abilities to begin producing and writing films in which she also starred, in her film adaptations of works by such notable writers as Oscar Wilde and Ibsen, she developed her own filmmaking techniques, which were considered daring at the time
26.
Albert Bassermann
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Albert Bassermann was a German stage and screen actor. He was considered to be one of the greatest German-speaking actors of his generation and he was married to Elsa Bassermann whom he frequently performed alongside. Bassermann began his career in 1887 in his birthplace, Mannheim after he began to study Chemistry at the Technical University of Karlsruhe in 1884/85. At Karlsruhe he was active corporative student from 1884/85 in the fraternity Palatia for several semesters he then spent four years at the Hoftheater in Meiningen, from 1899, he worked for Otto Brahm. He began work at the Deutsches Theater from 1904, and in 1909 worked at the Lessing Theatre, from 1909 to 1915, Bassermann worked with Max Reinhardt at the Deutsches Theater Berlin. Roles included Othello in 1910, Faust Part II with Friedrich Kayssler in 1911, Shylock in The Merchant of Venice and August Strindbergs The Storm with de, Bassermann was among the first German theatre actors who worked in film. In 1913, he played the role of the lawyer in Max Macks Der Andere. In 1915 he appeared in Egmont with de, Victor Barnowsky at the de and he also worked with German silent film directors Richard Oswald, Ernst Lubitsch, Leopold Jessner and Lupu Pick. Bassermann was told if he wanted to continue to perform in Germany. He did not get divorced, but Elsa and he went to Switzerland instead, although his ability to speak English was very limited, he learned lines phonetically with assistance from his wife and found work as a character actor. For his performance as the Dutch statesman Van Meer in Alfred Hitchcocks Foreign Correspondent and he returned to Europe in 1946. His final film appearance was in The Red Shoes, I worked with him as Hilde in The Master Builder by Ibsen. He was already past eighty but was as modern in his conception of the role of Solness, in rehearsals he felt his way with the new cast. He watched us, listened to us, adjusted to us, at the first dress rehearsal, he started to play fully. There was such a vibrant reality to the rhythm of his speech, I kept waiting for him to come to an end with his intentions so that I could take my turn. As a result, I either made a big hole in the dialogue or desperately cut in on him in order to another hole. I was expecting the usual Its your turn, then its my turn, at the end of the first act I went to his dressing room and said, Mr. Basserman, I cant apologize enough, but I never know when youre through. He looked at me in amazement and said, Im never through and his illustrious career was acknowledged when he received the Iffland-Ring from the prominent actor Friedrich Haase
27.
United States Marine Corps
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The U. S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U. S. Department of Defense and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the military officer in the U. S. Armed Forces, is a Marine Corps general, the Marine Corps has been a component of the U. S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834, working closely with naval forces for training, transportation, and logistics. The USMC operates posts on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world, two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting for independence both at sea and on shore. The role of the Corps has since grown and evolved, expanding to aerial warfare and earning popular titles such as, Americas third air force, and, second land army. By the mid-20th century, the U. S. Marine Corps had become a major theorist of and its ability to rapidly respond on short notice to expeditionary crises gives it a strong role in the implementation and execution of American foreign policy. As of 2016, the USMC has around 182,000 active duty members and it is the smallest of the U. S. The USMC serves as an expeditionary force-in-readiness and this last clause, while seemingly redundant given the Presidents position as Commander-in-chief, is a codification of the expeditionary responsibilities of the Marine Corps. It derives from similar language in the Congressional acts For the Better Organization of the Marine Corps of 1834, in 1951, the House of Representatives Armed Services Committee called the clause one of the most important statutory – and traditional – functions of the Marine Corps. In addition to its duties, the Marine Corps conducts Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure operations, as well as missions in direct support of the White House. The Marine Band, dubbed the Presidents Own by Thomas Jefferson, Marines from Ceremonial Companies A & B, quartered in Marine Barracks, Washington, D. C. The Executive Flight Detachment also provides transport to Cabinet members. The relationship between the Department of State and the U. S. Marine Corps is nearly as old as the corps itself, for over 200 years, Marines have served at the request of various Secretaries of State. After World War II, an alert, disciplined force was needed to protect American embassies, consulates, in 1947, a proposal was made that the Department of War furnish Marine Corps personnel for Foreign Service guard duty under the provisions of the Foreign Service Act of 1946. A formal Memorandum of Agreement was signed between the Department of State and the Secretary of the Navy on December 15,1948, during the first year of the MSG program,36 detachments were deployed worldwide. Continental Marines manned raiding parties, both at sea and ashore, the Advanced Base Doctrine of the early 20th century codified their combat duties ashore, outlining the use of Marines in the seizure of bases and other duties on land to support naval campaigns. Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, Marine detachments served aboard Navy cruisers, battleships, Marine detachments served in their traditional duties as a ships landing force, manning the ships weapons and providing shipboard security. Marines would develop tactics and techniques of amphibious assault on defended coastlines in time for use in World War II, during World War II, Marines continued to serve on capital ships
28.
Keenan Wynn
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Francis Xavier Aloysius James Jeremiah Keenan Wynn was an American actor. His expressive face was his stock-in-trade, and, though he carried the lead role, he had prominent billing in most of his film. Wynn was born in New York City, the son of vaudeville comedian Ed Wynn and his wife and he took his stage name from his maternal grandfather, Frank Keenan, one of the first Broadway actors to star in Hollywood. His father was Jewish and his mother was of Irish Catholic background, Ed Wynn encouraged his son to become an actor, and they both appeared in the original Playhouse 90 television production of Rod Serlings Requiem for a Heavyweight. He also appeared in a subsequent TV drama called The Man in the Funny Suit, in it, the Wynns, Serling, and many of the cast and crew played themselves. Wynn starred in The Amazing Mr. Smith on Mutual April 7-June 30,1941 and he played the title role, a carefree young man who runs into trouble galore and becomes an involuntary detective. Wynn appeared in hundreds of films and television shows between 1934 and 1986 and he was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player during the 1940s and 1950s. He had a brief but memorable role as a belligerent, unsympathetic drunk in the wartime romance The Clock. He had a role in Touch of Evil. In the 1959-1960 television season, Wynn co-starred with Bob Mathias in NBCs The Troubleshooters, Wynn played the role of Kodiak, the troubleshooter, for Mathiass Frank Dugan. He appeared in television series, such as the ABC/Warner Brothers drama, The Roaring 20s, The Islanders. Wynn took a turn as Yost in the crime drama Point Blank with Lee Marvin. He had a role in the third Beach Party movie. Later he played Hezakiah in the 1965 comedy film, The Great Race and he was the voice of the Winter Warlock in Santa Claus Is Comin to Town and appeared in several Disney films, including Snowball Express, Herbie Rides Again and The Shaggy D. A. He appeared in Francis Coppolas musical Finians Rainbow, Sergio Leones epic western Once Upon a Time in the West, during this time his guest television roles included Alias Smith and Jones, Emergency. Movin On, and The Bionic Woman, Wynn appeared in ten episodes of TVs Dallas during the 1979-80 season, playing the part of former Ewing family partner-turned-enemy Digger Barnes. David Wayne, a friend of Wynns, had played Digger Barnes in 1978, Wynn was initially cast in Superman to play Perry White in April 1977. However, by June, Wynn collapsed from exhaustion and was rushed to a hospital and he was replaced by Jackie Cooper
29.
Lieutenant (navy)
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Lieutenant is a commissioned officer rank in many nations navies. It is typically the most senior of junior officer ranks, the ranks insignia usually consists of two medium gold braid stripes and often the uppermost stripe features a loop or executive curl. The now immediately senior rank of lieutenant commander was formerly a naval lieutenant rank. Many navies also use a rank of sub-lieutenant. The appointment of first lieutenant in many navies is held by a senior lieutenant, a navy lieutenant ranks higher than an army lieutenant, the navy rank of lieutenant is a NATO OF-2 and ranks with an army captain. From at least 1580, the lieutenant on a ship had been the officer immediately subordinate to the captain, before the English Restoration, lieutenants were appointed by their captains, and this inevitably led to abuses and to the widespread appointment of men of insufficient qualification. In 1677, Samuel Pepys introduced the first examination for lieutenant, lieutenants were numbered by their seniority within the ship, so that a frigate would have a first lieutenant, a second lieutenant, and a third lieutenant. A first-rate ship was entitled to six, and they were numbered accordingly, as the rank structure of navies stabilised, and the ranks of commander, lieutenant commander and sub-lieutenant were introduced, the naval lieutenant today ranks with an army captain. In the United States Navy, promotion to lieutenant is governed by Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980, DOPMA guidelines suggest 95% of lieutenants should be promoted to lieutenant after serving a minimum of two years at their present rank. The insignia of a lieutenant in many navies, including the Royal Navy and this pattern was copied by the United States Navy and various air forces for their equivalent ranks grades, except that the loop is removed. The first lieutenant in the Royal Navy and other Commonwealth navies, is a post or appointment, historically, the lieutenants in a ship were ranked in accordance with seniority, with the most senior being termed the first lieutenant and acting as the second-in-command. Although lieutenants are no longer numbered by seniority, the post of first lieutenant remains, the post of first lieutenant in a shore establishment carries a similar responsibility to that of the first lieutenant of a capital ship. In the US Navy or US Coast Guard, the billet of first lieutenant describes the officer in charge of the department or division. On submarines and smaller Coast Guard cutters, the billet of first lieutenant may be filled by a petty officer
30.
Guy Madison
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Guy Madison was an American film and television actor. Madison was born Robert Ozell Moseley in Pumpkin Center, California and he attended Bakersfield College, a junior college, for two years and then worked briefly as a telephone lineman before joining the United States Navy in 1942, during World War II. He had three brothers, Wayne, Harold and David, and a sister, Rosemary, Wayne Moseley was an actor, using the stage name Wayne Mallory. Following the films release in 1944, the studio received thousands of letters from fans wanting to know more about him, Madison was signed by RKO Pictures in 1946 and began appearing in romantic comedies and dramas. In 1951 he was cast as the character in the television series The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok, co-starring Andy Devine as his pal. The series ran for seven years, during the run of the show, sixteen feature films were released by Monogram Pictures between 1952 and 1955 that consisted of combined episodes of the series. Following his television series, he appeared in more films before leaving for Europe. Madison married the actress Gail Russell in 1949 and they separated in 1953 and divorced in October 1954. Later that month, Madison married actress Sheila Connolly in Juarez and they had three daughters, Bridget, Erin and Dolly. They separated in November 1960 and divorced in April 1963 and he had an affair with Gia Scala, before her death, she made him beneficiary to her portion of the Screen Actors Pension Fund. He also had a son, Robert Madison, who became an actor. Madisons grandson Spencer Karol was killed in action during service in Iraq in 2003. Madison died of emphysema at the Desert Hospital Hospice in Palm Springs, California, on February 6,1996 and he was buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Cathedral City, California. His friend, the actor turned stockbroker Don Burnett, spoke at his funeral, for his contribution to the radio and television industries, Madison has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The star for his contributions to radio is located at 6933 Hollywood Boulevard, in 1996, a Golden Palm Star was dedicated to Madison on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars, in Palm Springs, California. Stars in Blue, Movie Actors in Americas Sea Services, annapolis, Maryland, Naval Institute Press,1997. Official website Guy Madison at the Internet Movie Database Guy Madison at Brians Drive-in Theater
31.
Craig Stevens (actor)
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Craig Stevens was an American film and television actor. Born Gail Shikles, Jr. in Liberty, Missouri, his father was a school teacher and elementary school principal in Kansas City. Stevens studied dentistry at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, from which he received a degree in 1936. Acting with the drama club prompted him to halt his studies. After first using Michael Gale, his first screen role was a sailor in Coast Guard, after his debut in a small role in 1939, he adopted the stage name Craig Stevens. For the next period of his career, he played mainly secondary parts. Stevens and his wife, Alexis Smith, both appear in the 1941 film Dive Bomber, though they share no scenes together. During World War II, Stevens served in the United States Army Air Corps First Motion Picture Unit based in Culver City, California, acting in propaganda, the unit came to be known as The Culver City Commandos. On October 29,1954, Stevens guest starred on the 1953–1955 ABC sitcom with a variety show theme, Ray Bolger portrayed Raymond Wallace, a song-and-dance man who was repeatedly barely on time for his performances. Stevens portrayed a novelist interested in Rays girlfriend, Susan, played by Marjie Millar, the series was produced by Blake Edwards, who also wrote and directed many of the episodes. The iconic theme music for the series was composed by Henry Mancini, on May 7,1959, Stevens was a guest star on the NBC variety series, The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford. He and Tennessee Ernie Ford did a skit based on Peter Gunn. He also sang on the The Dinah Shore Chevy Show with Dinah Shore, after Peter Gunn ended, Stevens was called on by Sir Lew Grade of ITV to move to London, England, to play the lead role in the TV series Man of the World in 1962. In 1964, Stevens followed this series with Mr. Broadway, the 13-week CBS drama in which he starred as Mike Bell, horace McMahon played his assistant and police contact, Hank McClure. The series was produced by David Susskind, Stevens and Blake Edwards brought Peter Gunn to the big screen with a feature film called Gunn. Though advertised as Gunn-Number One no sequels followed, Stevens co-starred with David McCallum in The Invisible Man for a single season on NBC during 1975-6. Other TV roles included the 1974 TV movie Killer Bees with Gloria Swanson and guest appearances on popular series including Rich Man, Poor Man, Quincy. The Love Boat, Fantasy Island, Happy Days, Hotel, and Murder, She Wrote
32.
Lloyd Corrigan
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Lloyd Corrigan was an American film and television actor, producer, screenwriter, and director who began working in films in the 1920s. The son of actress Lillian Elliott, Corrigan directed films, usually such as Daughter of the Dragon starring Anna May Wong. His short La Cucaracha won an Academy Award in 1935, born in San Francisco, California, Corrigan studied drama at the University of California, Berkeley, from which he graduated in 1922. Corrigan played both romantic leads and villains throughout his career and he also appeared in a number of Boston Blackie films as millionaire Arthur Manleder. He starred with Roy Acuff and William Frawley in the 1949 film, Corrigan continued acting in films until the middle 1960s. Corrigan appeared on dozens of programs, such as the uncle of Corky played by Darlene Gillespie in the Mickey Mouse Club serial, Corky. He also appeared in two episodes of the NBC western, The Restless Gun with John Payne and he was cast on ABCs religion anthology series, Crossroads. He appeared on NBCs Johnny Staccato with John Cassavetes, and the western, Man Without a Gun, starring Rex Reason. Three times Corrigan portrayed the western author Ned Buntline in ABCs The Life and he also guest starred on the CBS sitcom, Dennis the Menace, with Jay North in the series lead. In 1959, Corrigan was cast as John Jenkins, with Anne Baxter as Ellie Jenkins, in the episode A Race to Cincinnati of the NBC western series, Riverboat, starring Darren McGavin and Burt Reynolds. In the story line, three men try to prevent a peach farmer from getting his crop to market so that he cannot make the last payment on his valuable land. In 1963, Corrigan portrayed Captain Rembrandt Van Creel in The Day of the Flying Dutchman on ABCs western series, The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters, dehl Berti portrayed the Indian, Little Buffalo. In 1965 and 1966, Corrigan appeared in the NBC TV sitcom Hank as Professor McKillup. Corky and White Shadow A Mickey Mouse Club serial -17 episodes, as Uncle Dan Father Knows Best as Myron, one of Jims insured who has a car accident with Cornell Wilde who was the guest star
33.
Jackie Moran
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Jackie Moran was an American movie actor who, between 1936 and 1946, appeared in over thirty films, primarily in teenage roles. A native of Mattoon, Illinois, John E. Moran first sung in a church choir and he was discovered by Mary Pickford who convinced his mother to take him to Hollywood for a screen test in 1935. Renamed Jackie Moran, he was subsequently cast in a number of supporting roles. He became well-known with the 1938 release of David O. Selznicks production The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, the 93-minute big-budget Technicolor film presented Moran as Huckleberry Finn to Tommy Kellys Tom Sawyer. Jackie Moran received critical praise for his acting style. Jackie Moran went on to star in several youth-oriented films for low-budget and poverty-row studios, such as Republic and they also played supporting roles in the Deanna Durbin vehicle Mad About Music. They subsequently played in four Monogram tributes to life in idealized pre-World War II rural America, 1938s Barefoot Boy and, in 1940, Tomboy, Haunted House and The Old Swimmin Hole. The trio of 1940 films were directed by Robert F. McGowan, most of Jackie and Marcia Maes remaining five films cast them in major supporting roles. Their final entry, after a break, was the 1943 Republic musical Nobodys Darling. Jackie also had a role with Buster Crabbe in Universals well-known 12-chapter serial Buck Rogers in which he was third-billed as Bucks young friend. The movie was one of five Oscar nominees for Best Picture, Moran ended his screen career in 1945-1946 with a collection of teenage musical comedies at Columbia and Monogram. The last three were part of a series which, in addition to Jackie Moran and June Preisser, starred Freddie Stewart, Warren Mills, Frankie Darro, Jackie Morans final movie role was tin Columbias 1946 college drama Betty Co-Ed. Accounts differ as to his occupations in the remaining years of his life. His obituaries stated that he became a screenwriter for B movies in the 1950s and it was also written that he wrote songs. In the 1960s, a screenwriter using Jackies real name, John E. Moran, worked extensively with Russ Meyer, notably on the films Faster, common Law Cabin, and Wild Gals of the Naked West, also playing small roles in the latter two films. The credits of the two are combined, but there is no confirmation that they are the same person. The obituaries also stated that in his years, Jackie Moran worked in public relations for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chicago. Moran moved to Greenfield, Massachusetts in 1984 and wrote a novel, Six years after his arrival, he died of lung cancer in the towns Franklin Medical Center at the age of 67
34.
Dorothy Dandridge
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Dorothy Jean Dandridge was an American film and theatre actress, singer, and dancer. She is perhaps best known for being the first African-American actress to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the 1954 film Carmen Jones, Dandridge performed as a vocalist in venues such as the Cotton Club and the Apollo Theater. During her early career, she performed as a part of The Wonder Children, later The Dandridge Sisters, in 1959 she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Porgy and Bess. She is the subject of the 1999 HBO biographical film, Introducing Dorothy Dandridge and she has been recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Dandridge was married and divorced twice, first to dancer Harold Nicholas, Dandridge died under mysterious circumstances at age 42. Dorothy Dandridge was born on November 9,1922 in Cleveland, Ohio to aspiring entertainer Ruby Dandridge and Cyril Dandridge, a cabinetmaker and minister, who had separated just before her birth. Ruby created an act for her two young daughters, Vivian and Dorothy, under the name The Wonder Children, that was managed by Geneva Williams. The sisters toured the Southern United States almost nonstop for five years, during the Great Depression, work virtually dried up for the Dandridges, as it did for many Chitlin Circuit performers. Ruby moved to Hollywood, California, where she found work on radio. After that relocation in 1930, Dorothy attended McKinley Junior High School, the Wonder Children were renamed The Dandridge Sisters in 1934, and Dandridge and her sister were teamed with dance schoolmate Etta Jones. The Dandridge Sisters continued strong for years, and were booked in several high-profile nightclubs, including the Cotton Club. Dandridges first on-screen appearance was a part in an Our Gang comedy short. Although these appearances were relatively minor, Dandridge continued to earn recognition through continuing her nightclub performances nationwide, Dandridges first credited film role was in Four Shall Die. The race film cast her as a murderer and did little for her film career and she had small roles in Lady from Louisiana with John Wayne and Sundown with Gene Tierney. Dandridge appeared as part of a Specialty Number in the hit 1941 musical, the film marked the first time she performed with the Nicholas Brothers. And Mrs. Carpenters Rent Party among others and these films were noted not only for showcasing Dandridges singing and acting abilities, but also for featuring a strong emphasis on her physical attributes. She continued to occasionally in films and on the stage throughout the rest of the 1940s. In 1951, Dandridge appeared as Melmendi, Queen of the Ashuba in Tarzans Peril, starring Lex Barker, when the Motion Picture Production Code tut-tutted about the films blunt sexuality, Dandridge received considerable attention for wearing what was considered to be provocatively revealing clothing
35.
John Derek
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John Derek was an American actor, director and photographer. He appeared in films as Knock on Any Door, All the Kings Men. He was also known for launching the career of his fourth wife, Derek was born Derek Delevan Harris in Hollywood, California, the son of actor/director Lawson Harris and actress Dolores Johnson. After the war, Derek approached Humphrey Bogart, who renamed him John Derek and cast him as Nick Romano, a killer, in Knock on Any Door. Derek was recognized as a newcomer, plainly an idol for the girls. Derek followed that picture with a role as the son of Broderick Crawford in All the Kings Men. He played leads in Fury at Showdown, and as Robin Hood in Rogues of Sherwood Forest with Alan Hale and he also appeared as Joshua in The Ten Commandments. But he found himself featured increasingly as a hero or villain in a string of unimpressive B-movies—crime melodramas, westerns, pirate pictures, dissatisfied with his career as an actor, Derek turned to film directing. He directed his second wife Ursula Andress in two films, and third wife Linda Evans in one and he also worked as a director of four films with fourth wife, Bo Derek including Tarzan, the Ape Man and Bolero. Ghosts Cant Do It was his last in the directors chair, an accomplished photographer, Derek photographed the last three of his four wives for nude spreads in Playboy magazine. Derek directed the videos for Shania Twains Whose Bed Have Your Boots Been Under. Derek married Turkish-born prima ballerina Pati Behrs Eristoff in 1948, Derek walked out on his wife and family in 1955 after meeting 19-year-old aspiring Swiss actress Ursula Andress, who spoke almost no English when they met. In 1957, after finalizing his divorce from Behrs, he married Andress in a quickie Las Vegas ceremony and they married in Mexico in 1968, with Sean as a witness. In 1973 Derek, Evans and 16-year-old high school dropout Mary Cathleen Collins traveled to the Greek island of Mykonos to make the film And Once Upon a Time, during filming, Derek and Collins began an affair. Evans returned to the states and filed for divorce in 1974, Collins became known to the public as Bo Derek following their marriage on June 10,1976 in Las Vegas and achieved international fame in 1979 with her role in the Blake Edwards film 10. The couple remained together until John died in 1998, John Derek died on May 22,1998, from cardiovascular disease in Santa Maria, California at the age of 71. Rhythm, Frankie Laine Screen Snapshots, Hollywoods Mr. Movies Screen Snapshots, a Girl Childish Things Love You Fantasies Tarzan, the Ape Man Bolero Ghosts Cant Do It John Derek at the Internet Movie Database John Derek at Find a Grave
36.
Rhonda Fleming
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Rhonda Fleming is an American film and television actress. She acted in more than forty films, mostly in the 1940s and 1950s and she was nicknamed the Queen of Technicolor because her fair complexion and flaming red hair photographed exceptionally well in Technicolor. Fleming began working as an actress while attending Beverly Hills High School. She was discovered by the well-known Hollywood agent Henry Willson, after appearing uncredited in several films, she received her first substantial role in the thriller Spellbound, produced by David O. Selznick and directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Her first leading role came in Adventure Island, an action film made in the two-color Cinecolor process. She co-starred with Bing Crosby in her first Technicolor film, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court, Fleming exhibited her singing ability, dueting with Crosby on “Once and For Always” and soloing with “When Is Sometime”. She and Crosby recorded the songs for a three-disc,78 rpm Decca album, conducted by Victor Young and she sang on NBCs Colgate Comedy Hour during the same live telecast that featured Errol Flynn, on September 30,1951, from the El Capitan Theater in Hollywood. In 1953, Fleming portrayed Cleopatra in Serpent of the Nile and that same year she appeared in two films shot in 3-D, Inferno with Robert Ryan and the musical Those Redheads From Seattle with Gene Barry. The following year she starred with Fernando Lamas in Jivaro, her third 3-D release, the rock remains in place today and is part of a section of the former movie ranch known as Garden of the Gods, which has been preserved as public parkland. Tennessees Partner was one of several movies Fleming made as Ronald Reagans co-star, including Tropic Zone, The Last Outpost, corral co-starring Burt Lancaster and Kirk Douglas, and the Irwin Allen/Joseph M. Newman production of The Big Circus, co-starring Victor Mature and Vincent Price. Her most recent film was Waiting for the Wind, on March 4,1962, Fleming appeared in one of the last segments of ABCs Follow the Sun in a role opposite Gary Lockwood, who was nearly 14 years her junior. She played a Marine in the episode Marine of the Month, in 1958, Fleming again displayed her singing talent when she recorded her only LP, entitled simply Rhonda. In this album, which was released by Columbia Records, she blended then current songs like Around The World with standards such as Love Me Or Leave Me, conductor-arranger Frank Comstock provided the musical direction. One of her film appearances to date was a bit-role in the 1980 comedy The Nude Bomb as Edith von Secondburg. Fleming has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in 2007, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars was dedicated to her. Fleming has worked for charities, especially in the field of cancer care. In 1991, she and her husband, Ted Mann. In 1964, Fleming spoke at the Project Prayer rally attended by 2,500 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, joining Fleming and Eisley at the rally were Walter Brennan, Lloyd Nolan, Dale Evans, Pat Boone, and Gloria Swanson
37.
Terry Moore (actress)
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Helen Luella Koford, known as Terry Moore, is an American film and television actress. Born January 7,1929, in Glendale, California, as Helen Luella Koford, Moore grew up in a Mormon family in Los Angeles and she worked as a child model before making her film debut in Maryland in 1940. Moore was billed as Judy Ford, Jan Ford, and January Ford before taking Terry Moore as her name in 1948, Moore worked in radio in the 1940s, most memorably as Bumps Smith on The Smiths of Hollywood. She has starred in several hits, including Mighty Joe Young, Come Back, Little Sheba. She appeared on the cover of Life magazine for July 6,1953, Moores photo was used on the cover of the second issue of the My Diary romance comic book. By the 1960s, Moores film career had faltered and she had begun to appear less frequently in films. However, she did make such as Platinum High School, She Should Have Stayed in Bed, Black Spurs, Town Tamer, Waco. Lacking film roles, Moore appeared on television, in 1962, she appeared as a ranchers daughter in the NBC western Empire. She also appeared on the NBC interview program Heres Hollywood, after the 1960s, Moore semiretired from acting, only completing two films in the 1970s, by the 1980s, though, her career had resumed with minor roles in low-budgeted B-movies. Moore has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7080 Hollywood Blvd, at age 55, Moore posed nude in the August 1984 issue of Playboy magazine, photographed by Ken Marcus. In 2014, she guest-starred in the role of Lilly Hill on the crime series True Detective, Moores first marriage, in 1951 to American football player and Heisman Trophy winner Mr. Outside, at West Point Glenn Davis, Army, USMA, lasted one year. A subsequent marriage to Eugene McGarth, in 1956, lasted three years, one year after this marriage ended, Moore married Stuart Cramer after his divorce from Jean Peters, one of the two children from this 13-year marriage is actor Grant Cramer. Following the dissolution of marriage in 1972, Moore did not remarry for 20 years. Her 1992 marriage to Jerry Rivers lasted until his death in 2001, official website Terry Moore at the Internet Movie Database Old Skool with Terry and Gita on Star
38.
Ruth Roman
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Ruth Roman was an American actress, principally appearing in dramas. One of her memorable roles was in the Alfred Hitchcock 1951 thriller Strangers on a Train. Ruth Roman was born to Lithuanian-Jewish parents, Mary Pauline and Abraham Roman and her mother was a dancer and her father a barker in a carnival that they owned at Revere, Massachusetts. She had two sisters, Ann and Eve and her father died when Ruth was eight, and her mother sold the carnival. As a girl, she attended the William Blackstone School and Girls High School in Boston and she pursued her desire to become an actress by enrolling in the prestigious Bishop Lee Dramatic School in Boston. She enhanced her skills with work in the New England Repertory Company, heading to New York City, Roman hoped to find success on Broadway. Instead, she worked as a girl, a hat check girl. Four years later, Roman journeyed to Hollywood, where she obtained bit parts in films before being cast in the title role in the thirteen-episode serial Jungle Queen. In July 1956, Ruth was just finishing a trip to Europe with her son Richard, at the port of Cannes, they boarded the Italian passenger liner SS Andrea Doria as First Class passengers for their return trip home to the United States. On the night of July 25, the Andrea Doria collided with the Swedish passenger liner MS Stockholm and she was in the Belvedere Lounge when the collision happened and immediately took off her high heels and scrambled back to her cabin barefoot to retrieve her sleeping son. Several hours later she and the passengers were evacuated from the sinking liner. Richard was lowered first into a lifeboat, and before she could follow. Ruth stepped into the boat and was eventually rescued along with 750 other survivors from the Andrea Doria by the French passenger liner SS Île de France. Richard was rescued by the Stockholm and was reunited with his mother in New York, while waiting for an opportunity in movies, Roman wrote short stories based on her experiences living in a theatrical boarding house. She sold two of them – The House of the Seven Garbos and The Whip Song and she played an important supporting role in a 1949 film, Champion, as the wife of a boxer played by Oscar-nominated Kirk Douglas. In one of her most memorable roles, Roman co-starred with Farley Granger, in the 1950 film Three Secrets, she played a distraught mother waiting to learn whether or not her child survived an airplane crash. Roman was a presence and love interest to James Stewart in the Anthony Mann-directed western The Far Country in 1955. She had been the leading lady in other westerns, including Colt.45 with Randolph Scott, the May 1,1950, issue of Life magazine featured Roman in a cover story, The Rapid Rise of Ruth Roman
39.
Airplane!
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Airplane. is a 1980 American satirical parody film directed and written by David and Jerry Zucker as well as Jim Abrahams, and produced by Jon Davison. It stars Robert Hays and Julie Hagerty and features Leslie Nielsen, Robert Stack, Lloyd Bridges, Peter Graves, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, and Lorna Patterson. The film is a parody of the film genre, particularly the 1957 Paramount film Zero Hour. from which it borrows the plot. The film is known for its use of humor and its fast-paced slapstick comedy, including visual and verbal puns. Airplane. was a critical and financial success, grossing over $83 million in North America against a budget of $3.5 million, in the years since its release, the films reputation has grown substantially. The film was ranked sixth on Bravos 100 Funniest Movies, in a 2007 survey by Channel 4 in the United Kingdom, it was judged the second greatest comedy film of all time, after Monty Pythons Life of Brian. In 2008, Airplane. was selected by Empire magazine as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time, in 2010, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Ex-fighter pilot and taxi driver Ted Striker became traumatized during the War, as a result, he is unable to hold a responsible job. His wartime girlfriend, Elaine Dickinson, now a flight attendant, Striker nervously boards a Boeing 707 from Los Angeles to Chicago on which she is serving, hoping to win her back, but she rebuffs him. After dinner is served, many of the passengers fall ill, the cockpit crew, including pilot Clarence Oveur and co-pilot Roger Murdock, have also been affected, leaving no one to fly the plane. Rumack convinces Striker to fly the plane, though Striker feels unable to handle the pressure, mcCroskey knows that he must get someone else to help take the plane down and calls Rex Kramer, Strikers commanding officer in the war. Despite their hostile relationship, he is the best choice to instruct Striker, as the plane nears Chicago, Striker is overcome by stress but regains confidence after a pep talk from Dr. Rumack. With Kramers advice, Striker is able to land the plane safely with minor injuries to some passengers. Strikers courage rekindles Elaines love for him, and the two share a kiss, both then wave farewell to Otto as he takes off in the evacuated plane after inflating a female companion. Jerry Zucker, Jim Abrahams, and David Zucker, wrote Airplane, while they were performing with the Kentucky Fried Theatre, a successful small theatre they founded in 1971. To obtain material for routines, they routinely recorded late night television and reviewed the tapes later primarily to pull the commercials. Abrahams later described Zero Hour. as the version of Airplane. It was the first film script they wrote, completed around 1975, the script originally stayed close to the dialog and plot of Zero Hour. as ZAZ recognized they did not have a sufficient understanding of film at the time to structure a proper script
40.
Irene Mayer Selznick
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Irene Gladys Selznick was an American socialite and theatrical producer. She was born in Brooklyn, the daughter of film producer Louis B. Mayer and his first wife and she had an older sister, Edith. Edith married William Goetz in March 1930, who became the president of 20th Century Fox in 1941. Selznicks paternal and maternal grandparents were Belarusian Jews who immigrated to Canada in the 1880s from Vilnius, the Mayer family initially lived in Haverhill, Massachusetts before moving to Hollywood in 1918. It was there that her father established Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, one of the most successful studios of its time. She attended Hollywood School for Girls, a school in Los Angeles. Mayer married producer David O. Selznick in 1930 and her husband came from an extremely dysfunctional but talented family and he was one of the few men who stimulated her intellect. During the marriage, Selznick acted as a hostess to the couples Hollywood parties, the couple frequently socialized with Hollywood stars including Ingrid Bergman, Janet Gaynor, and Katharine Hepburn. Selznick was also an executive at her husbands production company, Selznick also did volunteer and charity work and worked as a probation officer for juveniles for Los Angeles County during World War II. After separating from her husband in 1945, Selznick moved to New York City where she pursued her love of the theatre. In 1947, she worked with playwright Tennessee Williams and director Elia Kazan and produced her first play, A Streetcar Named Desire, which gave Marlon Brando his break-out role. The plays success brought her a deal of respect, and she went on to produce four more plays. Considered by her peers within the entertainment industry as one of the foremost historians of Hollywood and Broadway, Mayer married David O. Selznick on April 29,1930. They had two sons, Lewis Jeffrey and Daniel Selznick, both of whom would also become film producers, Daniel married Susan Warms Dryfoos, daughter of Orvil E. Dryfoos. However, David O. Selznicks constant philandering and frequent financial problems as a result of a gambling addiction led to their growing apart and their divorce was finalized on January 22,1949. Irene Mayer Selznick died on October 10,1990 from complications from breast cancer at her apartment at The Pierre in Manhattan. Her remains were returned to California where she was interred next to her mother in the Mausoleum, Hall of Graciousness, a Streetcar Named Desire Bell, Book and Candle Flight Into Egypt The Chalk Garden The Complaisant Lover Selznick, Irene Mayer. Irene Mayer Selznick at the Internet Movie Database 97371 Irene Mayer Selznick at the Internet Broadway Database Irene Mayer Selznick at Find a Grave
