Sir John Anstruther, 1st Baronet was a Scottish politician who sat in the Parliament of Scotland from 1702 to 1707, and in the British House of Commons from 1708 to 1741.

There have been three baronetcies created for members of the Anstruther family, two in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia and one in the Baronetage of Great Britain. Two of the creations are extant while one is extinct.