1.
Sam Mendes
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Samuel Alexander Sam Mendes, CBE is an English stage and film director. He also is known for dark re-inventions of the stage musicals Cabaret and he directed an original West End stage musical for the first time with Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In 2005, he received an achievement award from the Directors Guild of Great Britain. In 2008 The Daily Telegraph ranked him number 15 in their list of the 100 most powerful people in British culture, Mendes was born in Reading, Berkshire, the only child of Valerie Helene, an author of childrens books, and Jameson Peter Mendes, a university professor. His father, who is from Trinidad, is of Portuguese and Italian descent and his grandfather was the Trinidadian writer Alfred Hubert Mendes. Mendes parents divorced when he was a child and he grew up in Oxfordshire and attended Magdalen College School and Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he graduated with a first in English. While at Cambridge, he was a member of the Marlowe Society and directed several plays and he was also a brilliant schoolboy cricketer, according to Wisden and played for Magdalen College School in 1983 and 1984. He also played cricket for Cambridge University, aged 24 Mendes directed a production of Chekhovs The Cherry Orchard in the West End that starred Judi Dench. Soon he joined the Royal Shakespeare Company, where his productions, many of them featuring Simon Russell Beale, included Troilus and Cressida, Richard III and The Tempest. He worked at the Chichester Festival Theatre in 1988 as assistant director on a number of productions, including Major Barbara, and directing in The Tent, the second venue. In 1990 Mendes was appointed director of the Donmar Warehouse. He spent his first two years overseeing the redesign of the theatre, and his production was Stephen Sondheims Assassins in 1992. The production was approached with a concept, differing greatly from both the original 1966 production directed by Harold Prince and the famed film version, directed by Bob Fosse. The Broadway cast included Cumming once again as Emcee, with Natasha Richardson as Sally, Mary Louise Wilson as Frau Schneider, Cumming and Richardson won Tony Awards for their performances. 1994 saw Mendes stage a new production of Lionel Barts Oliver, bart added new musical material and Mendes updated the book slightly, while the orchestrations were radically rewritten to suit the shows cinematic feel. The cast included Jonathan Pryce as Fagin, Sally Dexter as Nancy, Mendes, Pryce and Dexter received Olivier Award nominations for their work on Oliver. In 2003 Mendes directed a revival of the musical Gypsy, originally, he planned to stage this production in Londons West End with an eventual Broadway transfer, but when negotiations fell through, he brought it to New York. The cast included Bernadette Peters as Rose, Tammy Blanchard as Louise, Mendes also directed the 2014 Olivier Award-nominated stage adaptation of Roald Dahls Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
2.
Michael G. Wilson
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Michael Gregg Wilson, OBE is an American producer and screenwriter, best known for his association with the James Bond film series. Wilson was born in New York City, the son of Dana and his father was the first actor to play the DC Comics character Batman in live action, which he did in the 1943 film serial Batman. He is the stepson of the James Bond producer Albert R. Broccoli and half-brother to Bond co-producer, Wilson graduated from Harvey Mudd College in 1963 as an electrical engineer. He later studied law at Stanford, after graduating, Wilson worked for the United States government and later a firm located in Washington D. C. that specialized in international law. He was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2008 New Year Honours, in 2010 Wilson was given The Royal Photographic Societys award for Outstanding Service to Photography, which carries with it an Honorary Fellowship of The Society. Wilson has two sons, a younger son Gregg Wilson and the older being David G. Wilson, Wilson specifically worked in Eon Productions legal department until taking a more active role as an assistant to Cubby Broccoli for the film The Spy Who Loved Me. In 1979 Wilson became executive producer of the film Moonraker and since has been a producer or producer in every James Bond film. Wilson collaborated five times with veteran Bond screenwriter Richard Maibaum starting in 1981 with For Your Eyes Only. In 1989 Wilson was forced to finish the screenplay to Licence to Kill alone due to a strike by the Writers Guild of America, in addition to his production duties, Wilson has also made many cameo appearances in the Bond films. His first appearance, long before becoming a producer, was in Goldfinger in which he appeared as a soldier, Wilson has made cameo appearances in every Eon-produced Bond film since 1977. Wilson at the Internet Movie Database Michael G. Wilson at the Internet Broadway Database The Albert R. Cubby Broccoli Tribute Michael G. Wilson cameos Los cameos de Michael G. Wilson
3.
Barbara Broccoli
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Barbara D. Broccoli, OBE Hon is an American film producer known for her work on the James Bond film series. Broccoli is the daughter of the James Bond producer Albert R. Cubby Broccoli, Broccoli married actor Frederick M. Zollo, but has since divorced him. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire by the Queen of the United Kingdom in the 2008 New Year Honours, in 2014 she was selected as a member of the jury for the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. Broccoli started in the Bond franchise at the age of 17, six years later, she became an assistant director on 1983s Octopussy. Soon after, she progressed to become a producer of the film The Living Daylights in 1987. However, her most notable role has been as a producer of the Bond films starring Pierce Brosnan, Broccoli rehired the original songwriters from the film to write the new material for the stage version. The Sherman Brothers wrote five new songs for the show debuted on April 16,2002. The show ran at the London Palladium and was the most financially successful show to have played there. The musical has toured extensively in the UK and in Asia, Broccoli co-produced Chariots of Fire, the stage adaptation of the film of the same title. Broccolis involvement with Chariots of Fire extends back to 1980, when she introduced her friend Dodi Fayed to the screenplay and he later co-financed the film and became its executive producer. She co-produced the play along with Hugh Hudson, who directed the 1981 Oscar-winning film
4.
John Logan (writer)
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John David Logan is an American playwright, screenwriter, film producer, and television producer. Logan was born in San Diego on September 24,1961 and his parents emigrated to the US from Northern Ireland via Canada. The youngest of three children, he has a brother and sister. Logan grew up in California and New Jersey, before moving to Chicago to attend Northwestern University, Logan was a successful playwright in Chicago for many years before turning to screenwriting. His first play, Never the Sinner, tells the story of the infamous Leopold, subsequent plays include Hauptmann, about the Lindbergh baby kidnapping, and Riverview, a musical melodrama set at Chicagos famed amusement park. Redmayne and Alfred Molina had originated their roles in London and also performed on Broadway, Logan wrote Any Given Sunday and the television film RKO281, before gaining an Academy Award nomination for co-writing the Best Picture winner Gladiator in 2000. He received another nomination for writing The Aviator, starring Leonardo DiCaprio and he wrote the Bond film, Spectre. He also created the 2014 television series Penny Dreadful starring Josh Hartnett, Eva Green and Timothy Dalton, nominated,2011 – Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, for Hugo Winner,2010 – Tony Award Best Play, for Red
5.
James Bond (literary character)
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Commander James Bond, CMG, RNVR, is a fictional character created by British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1953. He is the protagonist of the James Bond series of novels, films, comics, Fleming wrote twelve Bond novels and two short story collections, although the last two books—The Man with the Golden Gun and Octopussy and The Living Daylights—were published posthumously. The Bond character is a Secret Service agent, code number 007, residing in London but active internationally. Bond has a number of traits which run throughout the books, including an enjoyment of cars, a love of food and drink. There have also other authors who wrote one book each, Kingsley Amis, Sebastian Faulks, Jeffery Deaver, William Boyd. Additionally, a series of novels based on Bonds youth—Young Bond—was written by Charlie Higson, as spin-offs from the literary works, there was a television adaptation of the first novel, Casino Royale, in which Bond was played as an American agent. A comic strip also ran in the Daily Express newspaper. There have been 26 Bond films, seven actors have played Bond in these films, the central figure in Ian Flemings work was the fictional character of James Bond, an intelligence officer in the Secret Service. Bond was also known by his number,007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander. During World War II, Ian Fleming had mentioned to friends that he wanted to write a spy novel. It was not until 1952, however, shortly before his wedding to his pregnant girlfriend, Ann Charteris and he finished work on the manuscript in just over a month, completing it on 18 March 1952. Fleming went on to write a total of twelve Bond novels, the last two books—The Man with the Golden Gun and Octopussy and The Living Daylights—were published posthumously. Among those types were his brother, Peter, whom Fleming worshipped, sir Fitzroy Maclean was another figure mentioned as a possibility, based on his wartime work behind enemy lines in the Balkans, as was the MI6 double agent Dušan Popov. Distinct similarities between the protagonist in The Life Line, Mark Chalmers and James Bond have been highlighted by spy writer, Nigel West. On another occasion Fleming said, I wanted the simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name I could find, James Bond was much better than something more interesting, like Peregrine Carruthers. Exotic things would happen to and around him, but he would be a neutral figure—an anonymous, after Fleming met the ornithologist and his wife, he described them as a charming couple who are amused by the whole joke. In the first draft of Casino Royale he decided to use the name James Secretan as Bonds cover name while on missions, Bonds number—007—was assigned by Fleming in reference to one of British naval intelligences key achievements of World War I, the breaking of the German diplomatic code. One of the German documents cracked and read by the British was the Zimmermann Telegram, which was coded 0075, facially, Bond resembles the composer, singer and actor Hoagy Carmichael
6.
Ian Fleming
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Ian Lancaster Fleming was an English author, journalist and naval intelligence officer who is best known for his James Bond series of spy novels. Fleming came from a family connected to the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co. Educated at Eton, Sandhurst and, briefly, the universities of Munich and Geneva and his wartime service and his career as a journalist provided much of the background, detail and depth of the James Bond novels. Fleming wrote his first Bond novel, Casino Royale, in 1952 and it was a success, with three print runs being commissioned to cope with the demand. Eleven Bond novels and two short-story collections followed between 1953 and 1966, the novels revolved around James Bond, an officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond was also known by his number,007, and was a commander in the Royal Naval Reserve. The Bond stories rank among the series of fictional books of all time. Fleming also wrote the childrens story Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang and two works of non-fiction, in 2008, The Times ranked Fleming 14th on its list of The 50 greatest British writers since 1945. Fleming was married to Ann Charteris, who was divorced from the second Viscount Rothermere owing to her affair with the author, Fleming and Charteris had a son, Caspar. Fleming was a smoker and drinker for most of his life. Two of his James Bond books were published posthumously, other writers have since produced Bond novels, Flemings creation has appeared in film twenty-six times, portrayed by seven actors. Ian Fleming was born on 28 May 1908, at 27 Green Street in the wealthy London district of Mayfair and his mother was Evelyn St Croix Rose, and his father was Valentine Fleming, the Member of Parliament for Henley from 1910. As an infant he lived, with his family, at Braziers Park in Oxfordshire. Fleming was the grandson of the Scottish financier Robert Fleming, who founded the Scottish American Investment Trust, in 1914, with the start of the First World War, Valentine joined C Squadron, Queens Own Oxfordshire Hussars, and rose to the rank of major. He was killed by German shelling on the Western Front on 20 May 1917, because the family owned an estate at Arnisdale, Valentines death was commemorated on the Glenelg War Memorial. Flemings elder brother Peter became a writer and married actress Celia Johnson. Fleming also had two brothers, Michael and Richard, and a younger maternal half-sister born out of wedlock, cellist Amaryllis Fleming. Amaryllis was conceived during an affair between John and Evelyn that started in 1923, some six years after the death of Valentine
7.
Daniel Craig
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Daniel Wroughton Craig is an English actor. He trained at the National Youth Theatre and graduated from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1991 and his film debut was in the drama The Power of One. Cast as the fictional British secret agent James Bond in October 2005, his first film in the role, Casino Royale, was released internationally in November 2006. Craig achieved international fame when chosen as the actor to play the role of Ian Flemings James Bond in the official film series. Quantum of Solace followed two years later, Craigs fourth Bond film, Spectre, premiered in 2015. In 2006, he joined the Academy of Motion Picture Arts, Craig also made a guest appearance as Bond in the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games, alongside Queen Elizabeth II. As of 20 February 2017, Craig is the second longest serving James Bond, Craig was born in Chester, Cheshire. Craig has distant French Huguenot ancestry, Huguenot minister Daniel Chamier is among his ancestors, as is Sir William Burnaby, 1st Baronet. Craigs middle name, Wroughton, comes from his great-great-grandmother, Grace Matilda Wroughton, raised on the Wirral Peninsula, Craig attended primary school in Frodsham and Hoylake, Merseyside. Later, he attended Hilbre High School in West Kirby, Merseyside, along with his older sister Lea, when his parents divorced, Craig and his sister lived with their mother, moving to Liverpool, Merseyside. Upon finishing his secondary school education at the age of 16. He played rugby union for Hoylake RFC, Craig began acting in school plays at the age of six, and was introduced to serious acting by attending the Everyman Theatre in nearby Liverpool City Centre with his mother. At the age of 16, Craig was accepted into the National Youth Theatre, leaving school and moving to London, in Craigs first screen role, he played an Afrikaner in The Power of One in 1992. He then appeared as Joe in the Royal National Theatres production of Tony Kushners Angels in America in November 1993, also in 1993, Craig was featured in an episode of Yorkshire Televisions Heartbeat, which aired 31 October 1993. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences extended an invitation to Craig in 2006. In 2005, Craig was contacted by Eon Productions to portray James Bond and he stated he was aware of the challenges of the Bond franchise which he considered a big machine that makes a lot of money. He aimed at bringing more depth to the character. Born in 1968, Craig is the first actor to portray James Bond to have been born after the Bond series started, and after the death of Ian Fleming, significant controversy followed the decision, as it was doubted if the producers had made the right choice
8.
Javier Bardem
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Javier Ángel Encinas Bardem is a Spanish actor. Bardem won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the psychopathic assassin Anton Chigurh in the 2007 Coen brothers film No Country for Old Men. Bardem has also won a Screen Actors Guild Award, a BAFTA, five Goya Awards and he is the first Spanish actor to be nominated for an Oscar, as well as the first Spaniard to win one. He received his third Academy Award nomination, and second Best Actor nomination, Bardem was born in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, in the Canary Islands, Spain. His mother, Pilar Bardem, is an actress, and his father, the two separated shortly after his birth. Both his older brother and sister, Carlos and Mónica, are actors and he also comes from a political background, as his uncle Juan Antonio was imprisoned by Franco for his anti-fascist films. Bardem was brought up in the Roman Catholic faith by his grandmother, as a child, he spent time at theatres and on film sets. At age six, he made his first film appearance, in Fernando Fernán Gómezs El Pícaro and he also played rugby for the junior Spanish National Team. Though he grew up in a full of actors, Bardem did not see himself going into the family business. Actually, painting was his first love and he went on to study painting for four years at Madrids Escuela de Artes y Oficios. In need of money he took acting jobs to support his painting, but he also says he was a bad painter and eventually abandoned that career pursuit. In 1989, for the Spanish comedy show El Día Por Delante, he had to wear a Superman costume for a comedic sketch, Bardem has confessed to having worked as a stripper during his struggling acting career. Bardem came to notice in a role in his first major motion picture, The Ages of Lulu. The film, which starred a teenaged Penélope Cruz, was a major international success. He then starred again in Lunas next film Golden Balls, Bardems talent did not go unnoticed in the English-speaking world. In 1997, John Malkovich was the first to him, then a 27-year-old, for a role in English. His first English-speaking role came that year, in with director Álex de la Iglesias Perdita Durango. After starring in two dozen films in his native country, he gained international recognition in Julian Schnabels Before Night Falls in 2000
9.
Ralph Fiennes
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Ralph Nathaniel Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes is an English actor. A noted Shakespeare interpreter, he first achieved success onstage at the Royal National Theatre and his performance as Count Almásy in The English Patient garnered him a second Academy Award nomination, for Best Actor, as well as BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations. He voiced Rameses in The Prince of Egypt and Alfred Pennyworth in The Lego Batman Movie, in 2011, Fiennes made his directorial debut with his film adaptation of Shakespeares tragedy Coriolanus, in which he also played the title character. Fiennes won a Tony Award for playing Prince Hamlet on Broadway, since 1999, Fiennes has served as an ambassador for UNICEF UK. One of the highest profile actors in contemporary British popular culture, Fiennes was born in Ipswich, on 22 December 1962. He is the eldest child of Mark Fiennes, a farmer and photographer, and Jennifer Lash and he has English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry. His surname is of Norman origin and his grandfathers were industrialist Sir Maurice Fiennes and Brigadier Henry Alleyne Lash. His great-great-uncle was Edward Pomeroy Colley, a Civil Engineer and first class passenger who died in the sinking of RMS Titanic, Fiennes is an eighth cousin of Charles, Prince of Wales, and a third cousin of adventurer Ranulph Fiennes and author William Fiennes. He is the eldest of six children and his siblings are actor Joseph Fiennes, Martha Fiennes, a director, Magnus Fiennes, a composer, Sophie Fiennes, a filmmaker, and Jacob Fiennes, a conservationist. His foster brother, Michael Emery, is an archaeologist and his nephew Hero Fiennes-Tiffin played Tom Riddle, young Lord Voldemort, in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The Fiennes family moved to Ireland in 1973, living in West Cork, Fiennes was educated at St Kierans College for one year, followed by Newtown School, a Quaker independent school in County Waterford. They moved to Salisbury in England, where Fiennes finished his schooling at Bishop Wordsworths School and he went on to pursue painting at Chelsea College of Art before deciding that acting was his true passion. Fiennes trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art between 1983 and 1985 and he began his career at the Open Air Theatre, Regents Park and also at the National Theatre before achieving prominence at the Royal Shakespeare Company. Fiennes first worked on screen in 1990 and made his debut in 1992 as Heathcliff in Emily Brontës Wuthering Heights opposite Juliette Binoche. He had a role in Peter Greenaways film The Baby of Mâcon with Julia Ormond. Later that year he became known internationally for portraying the amoral Nazi concentration camp commandant Amon Göth in Steven Spielbergs Schindlers List, for this he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He did not win the Oscar, but did win the Best Supporting Actor BAFTA Award for the role and his portrayal of Göth also earned him a spot on the American Film Institutes list of Top 50 Film Villains. Fiennes gained weight to represent Göth, but shed it afterwards, Fiennes later stated that playing the role had a profoundly disturbing effect on him
10.
Naomie Harris
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Naomie Melanie Harris, OBE is an English actress. She started her career as an actress, appearing on the children television series Simon. She played voodoo witch Tia Dalma in the second and third Pirates of the Caribbean films, Selena in 28 Days Later and she played Eve Moneypenny in the James Bond films Skyfall and Spectre. Harris was born on 6 September 1976 in Islington, London, Harris mother, Lisselle Kayla, came to London as a child with her parents from Jamaica, and her father came there from Trinidad. They separated before she was born, and Harris was raised by her mother and has no relationship with her father and her mother later remarried and Harris has two younger half-siblings. Her mother worked as a screenwriter on EastEnders and is now a healer, Harris attended Londons St Marylebone School, before attending Woodhouse College as a 6th form student. She graduated from Pembroke College, Cambridge in 1998 with a degree in Social and Political Sciences, Harris gained her training at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. Harris has appeared in television and film since she was nine, in 2000, she played Susan in The Witch of Edmonton at the Southwark Playhouse. In November 2002, she starred in Danny Boyles post-apocalyptic film 28 Days Later, in the same year, she starred in the television adaptation of Zadie Smiths White Teeth. Since then, Harris has appeared in Pirates of the Caribbean, Dead Mans Chest, Pirates of the Caribbean, At Worlds End and she also did a comic turn in Michael Winterbottoms indie ensemble piece, A Cock and Bull Story. She starred in Channel 4s adaptation of the novel Poppy Shakespeare and she also appeared in BBCs historical drama Small Island in December 2009. She played Elizabeth Lavenza in Danny Boyles stage production of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein for the National Theatre from 22 February to 2 May 2011. She played the role in The First Grader, directed by Justin Chadwick. Harris co-starred in the 23rd James Bond film, Skyfall, playing Eve Moneypenny and she is the first black actress to play Moneypenny, and is the first Moneypenny to be given a first name. In 2012, Harris was the voice-over for the Boss Nuit Pour Femme commercial starring actress Gwyneth Paltrow, Harris portrayed Winnie Mandela in the biopic Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, based on the book of the same name, opposite actor Idris Elba. The film was released on 29 November 2013, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela on viewing the film told Harris that it seemed like she wasnt acting, but channeling her and that it was the first time she felt truly captured on film. Harris reprised her role as Eve Moneypenny in the 24th Bond film, Spectre, in 2016, Harris starred as Paula in the critically acclaimed film Moonlight. She played the abusive, drug-addicted mother of the main character
11.
Ben Whishaw
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Benjamin John Ben Whishaw is an English actor. He has also played the role of Q in the James Bond films starting with Skyfall, and was the voice of Paddington Bear in the 2014 film, Paddington. Whishaw was born in Clifton, Bedfordshire, and was brought up there and in Langford, the son of Linda, who works in cosmetics, and Jose Whishaw and his father is of French, German and Russian descent, and his mother is of English background. He has a twin, James. Whishaw is not the original surname. He first rose to prominence as a member of the Bancroft Players Youth Theatre, Big Spirit and he attended Henlow Middle School and then Samuel Whitbread Community College in Shefford. He graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 2003 and it was adapted into a physical theatre piece by the group and taken to the 1995 Edinburgh Festival, where it garnered five-star reviews and great critical acclaim. As the lead in Trevor Nunns 2004 production of Hamlet at the Old Vic, Whishaw received highly favourable reviews and was nominated for the Olivier Award for Best Actor and the Ian Charleson Award. The role was shared with Al Weaver in an arrangement that saw Whishaw playing all nights except for Mondays. Nunn is reported to have made this arrangement due to the youth of the two playing the lead, to relieve some of the pressure on each. It was Whishaw, however, who featured most prominently in the marketing materials and his film and television credits include Layer Cake and Chris Morriss 2005 sitcom Nathan Barley, in which he played a character called Pingu. He was named Most Promising Newcomer at the 2001 British Independent Film Awards for My Brother Tom and he also played Keith Richards in the Brian Jones biopic Stoned. In the spring of 2005, Whishaw received lots of attention for his role as a dealer in Philip Ridleys controversial stage play Mercury Fur. In Perfume, Whishaw played Jean-Baptiste Grenouille, a perfume maker whose craft turns deadly, the film was released in Germany in September 2006 and in US theaters in December 2006. In the same year, Whishaw worked on Pawel Pawlikowskis abandoned The Restraint of Beasts. some trace of her, at the end of 2009 he starred in Cock, a new play by Mike Bartlett at the Royal Court Theatre. In 2009 he also starred as the poet John Keats in the film Bright Star, in February 2010, Whishaw made a successful off-Broadway debut at MCC Theater in the American premiere of the awarding-winning play The Pride by Alexi Kaye Campbell. He played Ariel in Julie Taymors 2010 film adaptation of The Tempest, and was featured in The Hour, a BBC Two drama series. In 2012 Whishaw appeared as Richard II in the television film Richard II, also in 2012, he appeared as part of the ensemble cast of the science-fiction drama film Cloud Atlas
12.
Albert Finney
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Albert Finney is an English actor. Beginning in the theatre, Finney was especially successful in plays by William Shakespeare before he switched to films and he achieved prominence in films in the early 1960s, his debut being The Entertainer, directed by Tony Richardson, who had directed him in theatre plays various times before. He became a leading Free Cinema figure, and has maintained a career in theatre, film. Finney was born in the Charlestown area of Pendleton, Salford, Lancashire, England and he was educated at Tootal Drive Primary School, Salford Grammar School and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. In February 1956 John Fernald, principal of RADA, gave Finney his first major role as Shakespeares Troilus in the Vanbrugh Theatres student production of Ian Dallas play The Face of Love. Finney graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and became a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, then in 1959 he appeared at Stratford in Coriolanus, replacing a sick Laurence Olivier. This led to a series of Angry Young Man roles in kitchen sink dramas, before he starred in the Academy Award-winning 1963 film Tom Jones. Prior to this, Finney had been chosen to play T. E. Lawrence in David Leans production of Lawrence of Arabia after a successful, however, Finney baulked at signing a multi-year contract for producer Sam Spiegel and chose not to accept the role. The success of Tom Jones saw British exhibitors vote Finney the ninth most popular star at the box office in 1963, after Charlie Bubbles, which he also directed, his film appearances became less frequent as he focused more on acting on stage. During this period, one of his film roles was as Agatha Christies Belgian master detective Hercule Poirot in the 1974 film Murder On The Orient Express. Finney became so known for the role that he complained that it typecast him for a number of years. People really do think I am 300 pounds with a French accent he said and he also sings in Tim Burtons Corpse Bride. In the latter he played a frozen, disembodied head, Finney also made an appearance at Roger Waters The Wall Concert in Berlin, where he played The Judge during the performance of The Trial. Even with his success on the big screen, Finney never abandoned his stage performances and he continued his association with the National Theatre Company at the Old Vic in London, where he performed in the mid-1960s in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing and Chekovs The Cherry Orchard. He won an Olivier Award for Orphans in 1986 and has won three Evening Standard Theatre Awards for Best Actor, in 2002 his critically acclaimed portrayal of Winston Churchill in The Gathering Storm won him BAFTA and Emmy awards as Best Actor. He also played the role in the television series My Uncle Silas, based on the short stories by H. E. Bates, about a roguish. The show ran for two series from 2000 until 2003, by his first wife, Jane Wenham, he has a son, Simon, who works in the film industry as a camera operator. From 1970 to 1978, he was married to French actress Anouk Aimée, in May 2011, Finney disclosed that he had been receiving treatment for kidney cancer
13.
Judi Dench
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Dame Judith Olivia Dench CH DBE FRSA, known as Judi Dench, is an English actress and author. Dench made her debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company. Over the following few years she performed in several of Shakespeares plays in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet, Juliet in Romeo and Juliet and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth. Although most of her work during this period was in theatre, she branched into film work. She drew strong reviews for her role in the musical Cabaret in 1968. Over the next two decades, Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers, working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company. She achieved success in television during this period, in the series A Fine Romance from 1981 until 1984 and she has also received the BAFTA Fellowship and the Special Olivier Award. In June 2011, she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute, Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. Dench was born in Heworth, North Riding of Yorkshire and her mother, Eleanora Olive, was born in Dublin, Ireland. Her father, Reginald Arthur Dench, a doctor, was born in Dorset, England, and later moved to Dublin and he met Denchs mother while he was studying medicine at Trinity College, Dublin. Dench attended The Mount School, a Quaker independent secondary school in York and her brothers, one of whom was actor Jeffery Dench, were born in Tyldesley, Lancashire. Her niece, Emma Dench, is a Roman historian and professor previously at Birkbeck, University of London, and currently at Harvard University. In Britain, Dench has developed a reputation as one of the greatest actresses of the period, primarily through her work in theatre. She has more than once been named one in polls for Britains best actor. Through her parents, Dench had regular contact with the theatre and her father, a physician, was also the GP for the York theatre, and her mother was its wardrobe mistress. Actors often stayed in the Dench household, during these years, Judi Dench was involved on a non-professional basis in the first three productions of the modern revival of the York Mystery Plays in the 1950s. In 1957, in one of the last productions in which she appeared during this period, she played the role of the Virgin Mary, performed on a fixed stage in the Museum Gardens. Though she initially trained as a set designer, she became interested in school as her brother Jeff attended the Central School of Speech
14.
Thomas Newman
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Thomas Montgomery Newman is an American composer best known for his many film scores. Newman has been nominated for fourteen Academy Awards and three Golden Globes, and has won two BAFTAs, six Grammys and an Emmy Award, Newman was honored with the Richard Kirk award at the 2000 BMI Film and TV Awards. The award is given annually to a composer who has made significant contributions to film, born in Los Angeles, California, he is the youngest son of Mississippi-born Martha Louis Montgomery and composer Alfred Newman, who won nine Academy Award for Best Original Score. During their upbringing, Martha herded her sons into violin lessons in the San Fernando Valley every weekend, while at Yale, he met composer Stephen Sondheim, who became an early mentor. Newman and his wife, Ann Marie, have three children and they reside in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles. At first, Newman was more interested in musical theater than in film composition, Lionel, who succeeded Alfred as music director for 20th Century Fox, gave Thomas his first scoring assignment on a 1979 episode of the series The Paper Chase. In 1983, John Williams, who was a friend of both Alfred and Lionel, invited Newman to work on Return of the Jedi, orchestrating the scene where Darth Vader dies. Afterwards Newman met in New York producer Scott Rudin, who invited him to compose the score for Reckless, in 1992, Newman composed the score to Martin Brests film Scent of a Woman. In 1994, he got his first Academy Award nominations with the scores to The Shawshank Redemption and he also scored the film The War. In 1996, he scored Diane Keatons Unstrung Heroes, receiving yet another Oscar nomination, in 1998, he scored Robert Redfords The Horse Whisperer as well as Meet Joe Black. In 1999, Newman composed the score to Sam Mendes first feature film American Beauty, Newman believed the score helped move the film along without disturbing the moral ambiguity of the script, saying It was a real delicate balancing act in terms of what music worked to preserve that. This was his first collaboration with Mendes, and he would go on to all of the directors subsequent films except for the comedy-drama Away We Go. He received a fourth Oscar nomination for this score, and although he lost again, he did receive a Grammy and a BAFTA. His critical and commercial success has continued in the years with his scores for films such as Meet Joe Black, The Green Mile, Erin Brockovich, In the Bedroom. He was nominated consecutively for a further three Academy Awards, for Road to Perdition, Finding Nemo, and Lemony Snickets A Series of Unfortunate Events, however, he lost on each occasion to Elliot Goldenthal, Howard Shore, and Jan A. P. Kaczmarek respectively. He was again nominated for an Oscar for scoring Steven Soderberghs The Good German, at the Oscar ceremony, he appeared in the opening segment by Errol Morris, who jokingly stated that Newman had been nominated for and failed to win an Oscar eight times. Newman replied, No, Ive failed seven but this will be my eighth, and indeed, he again lost and his first score since The Good German was for the 2008 animated film WALL-E, collaborating for the second time with director Andrew Stanton. The film won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, Newman received two Oscar nominations, one for Best Original Score, and another for Best Original Song for Down to Earth, which he co-wrote with Peter Gabriel
15.
Roger Deakins
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Roger Alexander Deakins, CBE, ASC, BSC is an English cinematographer best known for his work on the films of the Coen brothers, Sam Mendes, and Denis Villeneuve. Deakins is a member of both the American and British Society of Cinematographers and he received the 2011 American Society of Cinematographers Lifetime Achievement Award. Deakins has received thirteen nominations for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Deakins was born in Torquay in the English county of Devon, the son of Josephine, an actress, and William Albert Deakins, a builder. He attended Torquay Boys Grammar School, while growing up in Torquay, Deakins spent most of his time in and out of school focusing on his primary interest, painting. Several years later he enrolled in the Bath School of Art, while studying in Bath, he discovered his love of photography. He proved to be a talented photographer, and this led to his being hired to create a photographic documentary of his home town. About a year later, Deakins transferred to the National Film, shortly after graduating, Deakins found work as a cameraman, assisting in the production of documentaries in various locations abroad for approximately seven years. During this seven-year stint, his first project involved a trip as one of the entrants of a round-the-world yacht race called Around the World with Ridgeway. This project captured the lives and growing tensions between several of the yachts crewmen, Deakins received high praise for his work out at sea showing the parallels between these teammates and shipmates. After completing Around the World with Ridgeway, Deakins was immediately hired by studios to film several documentaries in Africa. His first, Zimbabwe, was a powerful and informative depiction of the genocide that had been going on there and his second, Eritrea – Behind Enemy Lines, was another depiction of conflict, this time within the borders of Sudan, Ethiopia and Djibouti. From the time of his work in Africa until the early 1980s, Deakins continued his cinematographic and his early work as both a director and cinematographer of music videos including a lot of the early Madness videos. Carl Perkins Blue Suede Shoes and the concert film Van Morrison in Ireland, subsequently, he worked on Towers of Babel, Sid and Nancy, The Kitchen Toto, and Pascalis Island. Deakins first feature film in America as cinematographer was Mountains of the Moon and he began his collaboration with the Coen brothers in 1991 on the film Barton Fink. Since then, Deakins has been the Coens main cinematic collaborator and has been their principal cinematographer, the U. S. National Board of Review of Motion Pictures honored him with an award for Career Achievement in Cinematography in 2007. In 2008, Deakins became the first cinematographer in history to receive dual ASC nominations for his works The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, the latter won the BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography and he received Academy Award nominations for both films. In 2009, he was double-nominated for the ASC Award again for Revolutionary Road, in 2011 he was nominated again for his work on True Grit and also received an ASC Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2012 he won another ASC Award for outstanding achievement in cinematography for his work on Skyfall, his ninth ASC Award nomination, Deakins signed on as cinematographer for Skyfall, having previously worked with director Sam Mendes on Jarhead and Revolutionary Road
16.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds
17.
Columbia Pictures
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The studio was founded in 1918 as Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and Jacks best friend Joe Brandt, released its first feature film in August 1922. It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later and its name is derived from Columbia, a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studios logo. In its early years, it was a player in Hollywood. With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the homes of the screwball comedy. In the 1930s, Columbias major contract stars were Jean Arthur, in the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studios premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s. Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio, in 1982, the studio was purchased by The Coca-Cola Company, and launched TriStar Pictures as a joint venture with HBO and CBS. Five years later, Coca-Cola spun off Columbia, which was sold to Tri-Star, after a brief period of independence with Coca-Cola maintaining a financial interest, the combined studio was acquired by Sony in 1989. It is one of the film studios in the world. It was one of the so-called Little Three among the eight major film studios of Hollywoods Golden Age, Brandt was president of CBC Film Sales, handling sales, marketing and distribution from New York along with Jack Cohn, while Harry Cohn ran production in Hollywood. The studios early productions were short subjects, Screen Snapshots, the Hall Room Boys. The start-up CBC leased space in a Poverty Row studio on Hollywoods famously low-rent Gower Street, among Hollywoods elite, the studios small-time reputation led some to joke that CBC stood for Corned Beef and Cabbage. Brandt eventually tired of dealing with the Cohn brothers, and sold his stake to Harry Cohn. In an effort to improve its image, the Cohn brothers renamed the company Columbia Pictures Corporation on January 10,1924, Cohn remained head of production as well, thus concentrating enormous power in his hands. He would run Columbia for the next 34 years, the second-longest tenure of any studio chief, even in an industry rife with nepotism, Columbia was particularly notorious for having a number of Harry and Jacks relatives in high positions. Humorist Robert Benchley called it the Pine Tree Studio, because it has so many Cohns, Columbias product line consisted mostly of moderately budgeted features and short subjects including comedies, sports films, various serials, and cartoons. Columbia gradually moved into the production of higher-budget fare, eventually joining the tier of Hollywood studios along with United Artists. Like United Artists and Universal, Columbia was an integrated company. It controlled production and distribution, it did not own any theaters, helping Columbias climb was the arrival of an ambitious director, Frank Capra
18.
United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
19.
James Bond in film
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The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional character of MI6 agent James Bond,007, who originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming. It is one of the longest continually-running film series in history, in that time Eon Productions has produced 24 films, most of them at Pinewood Studios. With a combined gross of over $7 billion to date, the produced by Eon constitute the fourth-highest-grossing film series. Six actors have portrayed 007 in the Eon series, the latest being Daniel Craig, Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman co-produced most of the Eon films until 1975, when Broccoli became the sole producer. The single exception during this period was Thunderball, on which Broccoli, from 1984 Broccoli was joined by his stepson Michael G. Wilson as producer and in 1995 Broccoli stepped aside from Eon and was replaced by his daughter Barbara, who has co-produced with Wilson since. Broccolis family company, Danjaq, has ownership of the series through Eon. The Eon series has seen continuity both in the actors and in the production crews, with directors, writers, composers, production designers. No to For Your Eyes Only, the films were distributed solely by United Artists, when Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer absorbed United Artists in 1981, MGM/UA Entertainment Co. was formed and distributed the films until 1995. MGM solely distributed three films from 1997 to 2002 after United Artists was retired as a mainstream studio, Feldman, and a 1983 remake of Thunderball entitled Never Say Never Again, produced by Jack Schwartzman, who had obtained the rights to the film from McClory. It was adapted for the screen by Anthony Ellis and Charles Bennett, Bennett was well known for his collaborations with Alfred Hitchcock, including The 39 Steps and Sabotage. Due to the restriction of a play, the adapted version lost many of the details found in the book, although it retained its violence. The hour-long Casino Royale episode, which starred American actor Barry Nelson as Bond and Peter Lorre as the villain Le Chiffre, in 1959 producer Albert R. Cubby Broccoli at Warwick Films expressed interest in adapting the Bond novels, but his colleague Irving Allen was unenthusiastic. Towards the end of Saltzmans option period, screenwriter Wolf Mankowitz introduced him to Broccoli, a number of Hollywood studios did not want to fund the films, finding them too British or too blatantly sexual. Eventually the two signed a deal with United Artists for 100 per cent financial backing and distribution of seven films, Saltzman and Broccoli also created the company Danjaq, which was to hold the rights to the films which Eon Productions was to produce. Eon had originally intended to film Flemings novel Thunderball first, but Kevin McClory took Fleming to the High Court in London for breach of copyright over the book, and so Eon decided to film Dr. Eon asked several directors—Bryan Forbes, Guy Green, Val Guest and Guy Hamilton—to helm the film, Eon had originally hired Wolf Mankowitz and Richard Maibaum to write Dr. Nos screenplay, partly because of Mankowitzs help in brokering the deal between Broccoli and Saltzman. An initial draft of the screenplay was rejected because the scriptwriters had made the villain, Dr. No, a monkey, and Mankowitz left the film. To play the role of Bond, Sean Connery was not Broccoli or Flemings first choice, but he was selected after Patrick McGoohan had turned down the role
20.
James Bond filmography
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Commander James Bond RN—code number 007—is a fictional character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1952. The character appeared in a series of novels and two short story collections written by Fleming and a number of continuation novels and spin-off works after Flemings death in 1964. There have been twenty-six films in total, produced between 1962 and 2015, Fleming portrayed Bond as a tall, athletic, handsome secret agent in his thirties or forties, he has several vices including drinking, smoking, gambling, automobiles and women. He is a marksman, and skilled in unarmed combat, skiing, swimming. While Bond kills without hesitation or regret, he kills only when carrying out orders, while acting in self-defence. American actor Barry Nelson was the first to portray Bond on screen, in a 1954 television adaptation, in 1961 Eon Productions began work on Dr. No, an adaptation of the novel of the same name. The result was a film that spawned a series of films produced by Eon Productions. After considering the likes of refined English actors such as Cary Grant and David Niven, Fleming was appalled at the selection of the uncouth, 31-year-old Scottish actor, considering him to be the antithesis of his character. Seven actors in total have portrayed Bond on film, following Connerys portrayal, David Niven, George Lazenby, Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig have assumed the role. Despite playing the character, there have been notable differences among the portrayals. Daniel Craig is the incumbent Bond in the long-running Eon series, Fleming appropriated the name from American ornithologist James Bond. Bonds code number 007 comes from one of British naval intelligences key achievements of World War I, the breaking of the German diplomatic code. One of the German documents cracked and read by the British was the Zimmermann Telegram, which was coded 0075, subsequently if material was graded 00 it meant it was highly classified. Fleming later told a journalist, When I was at the Admiralty, all the top-secret signals had the double-0 prefix. and I decided to borrow it for Bond. Although James Bond is in his thirties, he does not age in Flemings stories. Fleming decided to underplay Bonds character, observing that Exotic things would happen to and around him, Sean Connery was the first actor to portray Bond on film in Dr. No. An amateur bodybuilder, he had come to the attention of the Bond film producers after several appearances in British films from the late 1950s, producer Albert R. Broccoli—known to all as Cubby—disagreed with Flemings view, later commenting that I wanted a ballsy guy. Put a bit of veneer over that tough Scottish hide and youve got Flemings Bond instead of all the mincing poofs we had applying for the job
21.
Raoul Silva
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SPECTRE is a fictional organisation featured in the James Bond novels by Ian Fleming, the films based on those novels, and James Bond video games. Led by evil genius and supervillain Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the international organisation first formally appeared in the novel Thunderball and in the film Dr. No. SPECTRE began in the novels as a group of criminals but became a vast international organisation with its own SPECTRE Island training base in the films. In Ian Flemings novels, SPECTRE is a commercial enterprise led by Blofeld and their début is in the 9th Bond book, Thunderball. Flemings SPECTRE has elements inspired by mafia syndicates and organised crime rings that were hunted by law enforcement in the 1950s. During the events of Thunderball, SPECTRE successfully hijack two nuclear warheads and plan to hold the world to ransom, Blofeld, with a weakened SPECTRE, would appear for the final time in book 12, You Only Live Twice. By this point, the organisation has largely been shut down, in the films, the organisation often acts as a third party in the ongoing Cold War. Its long-term strategy, however, is illustrated by the analogy of the three Siamese fighting fish Blofeld keeps in an aquarium in the version of From Russia with Love. Blofeld notes that one fish is refraining from fighting two others until their fight is concluded, then, that cunning fish attacks the weakened victor and kills it easily. Thus SPECTREs main strategy is to instigate conflict between two enemies, namely the superpowers, hoping that they will exhaust themselves and be vulnerable when it seizes power. SPECTRE thus works with, and against, both sides of the Cold War, in both the film and the novel Thunderball, the physical headquarters of the organisation are laid in Paris, operating behind a terrorist front organisation aiding refugees. Organisational discipline is notoriously draconian, with the penalty for disobedience or failure being death, SPECTRE is headed by the supervillain Ernst Stavro Blofeld who usually appears accompanied by a Chinchilla Persian cat in the films, but not in the books. In both the films and the novels, Emilio Largo is the second in command and it is stated in the novel that if something were to happen to Blofeld, Largo would assume command. Largo appears in the novel Thunderball, the version and its remake, Never Say Never Again. Members are typically referred to by number rather than by name, in the novels, the numbers of members were initially assigned at random and then rotated on a regular basis to prevent detection. However, in the films the number indicates rank within the organisation, Blofeld is always referred to as Number 1 and Emilio Largo, the SPECTRE cabinet had a total of twenty-one members. Blofeld was the chairman and leader because he founded the organisation, a physicist named Kotze and an electronics expert named Maslov were also included in the group for their expertise on scientific and technical matters. In the original Bond novel series, SPECTREs first and last appearance as a power is in the novel Thunderball
22.
Skyfall (Adele song)
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Skyfall is the theme song of the 2012 James Bond film Skyfall, performed by British singer Adele. It was co-written by Adele and producer Paul Epworth and features orchestration by J. A. C, film company Eon Productions invited the singer to work on the theme song in early 2011, a task that Adele accepted after reading the films script. While composing the song, Adele and Epworth aimed to capture the mood and style of the other Bond themes, including dark and moody lyrics descriptive of the films plot. Skyfall was released at 0,07 BST on 5 October 2012 as part of the Global James Bond Day, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the release of Dr. No, the first James Bond film. The song quickly went to the top of the iTunes chart, reviews were positive, with the song being compared to Shirley Basseys Bond themes, and Skyfall became the first Bond theme to win at the Golden Globes, the Brit Awards and the Academy Awards. It also won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media, during the 85th Academy Awards, Adele performed the song live for the first time. Adele, who had just released her second album 21, admitted that initially she was a little hesitant about agreeing to write a Bond theme song. Mendes simply replied just write a song, telling her to use Carly Simons Nobody Does It Better from The Spy Who Loved Me as an inspiration. Adele left the meeting with the script of Skyfall and, upon reading it, producer Paul Epworth, who had worked with Adele on 21, was brought in to help her write the song. Adele stated that she enjoyed working to a brief and set of guidelines, production of Skyfall, from the first contact with Adele to the songs release, took 18 months to complete. Vollack stated that the reason for this was fine-tuning the song, as Adele, the first cut of the song was completed in October 2011, as Adele had free time after cancelling the final concerts of her Adele Live tour due to vocal problems. During an interview at their post-Academy Award for Best Original Song win in February 2013, after Adele underwent throat microsurgery for vocal problems, she recorded a demo of the track and sent it to Mendes, who was doing the principal photography of Skyfall. The director in turn played the demo for film producer Barbara Broccoli and Bond actor Daniel Craig, Adele stated that the final cut of the song lasted two studio sessions at Abbey Road Studios in London. It features a 77-piece orchestra conducted by J. A. C, Skyfall is an orchestral pop song with a duration of four minutes and forty-six seconds. Epworth stated that although Skyfall is a composition, he. The song intentionally references Monty Normans James Bond Theme after the first chorus, a sense of death and rebirth. Epworth identified as an uniting factor a minor ninth as the harmonic code, the Bond songs, they have that elaboration to it, and wrote what would become the instrumental part of Skyfall. He described it as a bit of a Eureka, Skyfall was composed in the key of C minor using common time at 76 beats per minute
23.
Adele
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Adele Laurie Blue Adkins MBE is an English singer-songwriter. After graduating from the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in 2006, in 2007, she received the Brit Awards Critics Choice award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll. Her debut album,19, was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success and it is certified seven times platinum in the UK, and three times platinum in the US. An appearance she made on Saturday Night Live in late 2008 boosted her career in the US, at the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009, Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. She released her studio album,21, in early 2011. The album has been certified 16 times platinum in the UK, in the US, it has held the top position longer than any album since 1985, and is certified diamond. The album has sold over 31 million copies worldwide, the success of 21 earned Adele numerous mentions in the Guinness Book of World Records. 21 is the number one album by a female solo artist in the history of the UK. In 2012, Adele released Skyfall, which she co-wrote and recorded for the James Bond film of the same name. The song won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, after taking a three-year break, Adele released her third studio album,25, in 2015. It became the years best-selling album and broke first week records in the UK. 25 was her album to be certified diamond in the US and earned her five Grammy Awards, including her second Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The lead single, Hello, became the first song in the US to sell one million digital copies within a week of its release. Her third concert tour, Adele Live 2016, visited Europe, North America and Oceania, in 2011,2012 and 2016, Billboard named Adele Artist of the Year. In 2012, she was listed at five on VH1s 100 Greatest Women in Music. Time magazine named her one of the most influential people in the world in 2012 and 2016, with sales of more than 100 million records, Adele is one of the best-selling recording artists in the world. Adele Laurie Blue Adkins was born on 5 May 1988 in Tottenham, London, to an English mother, Penny Adkins, Evans left when Adele was two, leaving her mother to raise her. She began singing at age four and asserts that she became obsessed with voices, growing up, Adele spent most of her time singing rather than reading, the last book she read was Roald Dahls Matilda when she was six years old
24.
Secret Intelligence Service
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The Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6, is the foreign intelligence agency of the British government. The SIS Chief is held accountable to the Foreign Secretary, SIS is bound by the Intelligence Services Act 1994. The name MI6 was used as a flag of convenience during the First World War when it was known by many names, the existence of the SIS was not officially acknowledged until 1994. It forms a part of the UKs intelligence machinery alongside GCHQ, MI5, in late 2010, the head of SIS delivered what he said was the first public address by a serving chief of the agency in its then 101-year history. The remarks of Sir John Sawers primarily focused on the relationship between the need for secrecy and the goal of maintaining security within the UK and his remarks acknowledged the tensions caused by secrecy in an era of leaks and pressure for ever-greater disclosure. Since 1995, the SIS headquarters have been at Vauxhall Cross on the South Bank of the River Thames, the service derived from the Secret Service Bureau, which was founded in 1909. The bureau was split into naval and army sections which, over time, specialised in foreign espionage and internal counter-espionage activities and this specialisation was because the Admiralty wanted to know the maritime strength of the Imperial German Navy. This specialisation was formalised before 1914 and its first director was Captain Sir George Mansfield Smith-Cumming, who often dropped the Smith in routine communication. He typically signed correspondence with his initial C in green ink and this usage evolved as a code name, and has been adhered to by all subsequent directors of SIS when signing documents to retain anonymity. The services performance during the First World War was mixed, because it was unable to establish a network in Germany itself, most of its results came from military and commercial intelligence collected through networks in neutral countries, occupied territories, and Russia. After the war, resources were reduced but during the 1920s. In August 1919, Cumming created the new passport control department, the post of Passport Control Officer provided operatives with diplomatic immunity. Circulating Sections established intelligence requirements and passed the intelligence back to its consumer departments, mainly the War Office, the debate over the future structure of British Intelligence continued at length after the end of hostilities but Cumming managed to engineer the return of the Service to Foreign Office control. In the immediate post-war years under Sir George Mansfield Smith-Cumming and throughout most of the 1920s, SIS was focused on Communism, in particular, Russian Bolshevism. Smith-Cumming died suddenly at his home on 14 June 1923, shortly before he was due to retire, an economic intelligence section, Section VII, to deal with trade, industrial and contraband. A clandestine radio communications organisation, Section VIII, to communicate with operatives, Section N to exploit the contents of foreign diplomatic bags Section D to conduct political covert actions and paramilitary operations in time of war. Section D would organise the Home Defence Scheme resistance organisation in the UK, with the emergence of Germany as a threat following the ascendence of the Nazis, in the early 1930s attention was shifted in that direction. Sinclair died in 1939, after an illness, and was replaced as C by Lt Col. Stewart Menzies, the extensive double-cross system run by MI5 to feed misleading intelligence to the Germans Imagery intelligence activities conducted by the RAF Photographic Reconnaissance Unit
25.
M (James Bond)
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M is a fictional character in Ian Flemings James Bond book and film series, the character is the Head of the Secret Intelligence Service—also known as MI6—and is Bonds superior. Fleming based the character on a number of people he knew who commanded sections of British intelligence, M has appeared in the novels by Fleming and seven continuation authors, as well as appearing in twenty-four films. Fleming based much of Ms character on Rear Admiral John Godfrey, after Flemings death, Godfrey complained He turned me into that unsavoury character, M. A further inspiration for M was Maxwell Knight, the head of MI5, who signed his memos as M, the tradition of the head of MI6 signing their name with a single letter came from Mansfield Smith-Cumming, who would sign his initial C with green ink. Melville recruited Sidney Reilly into government service and foiled a plot against Queen Victoria on her 1887 Golden Jubilee. A naval theme runs throughout Flemings description of M and his surroundings, and his character was described by journalist and Bond scholar Ben Macintyre as every inch the naval martinet. Macintyre also notes that in his study of Flemings work, Kingsley Amis outlined the way Fleming had described Ms voice, being, angry, brutal, cold, curt, dry, gruff, stern, testy. Over the course of twelve novels and two collections of stories, Fleming provided a number of details relating to Ms background. In On Her Majestys Secret Service it is revealed that Ms pay as head of the Secret Service is £6,500 a year, Blades has a restricted membership of only 200 gentlemen and all must be able to show £100,000 in cash or gilt-edged securities. Kingsley Amis noted in his study, The James Bond Dossier, as a personal favour to M, the staff at Blades keeps a supply of cheap red wine from Algeria on hand but does not include it on the wine list. M refers to it as Infuriator and tends only to drink it in moderate quantities unless he is in a bad mood. In the first post-Fleming book, Colonel Sun, M is kidnapped from Quarterdeck, his home, in Gardners final novel, COLD, M is kidnapped and rescued by Bond and finishes the book by retiring from MI6. Continuation Bond author Raymond Bensons 1998 novel The Facts of Death continued Messervys retirement, the book also introduces a new M, Barbara Mawdsley. M was played by Bernard Lee from the first Bond film, Dr. No, in Dr. No, M refers to his record of reducing the number of operative casualties since taking the job, implying someone else held the job recently before him. The film also saw M refer to himself as head of MI7, Lee had originally said MI6, earlier in the film, the department had been referred to as MI6 by a radio operator. Smith and Lavington, meanwhile, remarked that Lee was the incarnation of Flemings crusty admiral. Lee died of cancer in January 1981, four months into the filming of For Your Eyes Only, later films referred to Lees tenure as head of the service, with a painting of him as M in MI6s Scottish headquarters during the 1999 instalment The World Is Not Enough. Featured in The likeness of Lee was used in the 2005 James Bond video game adaptation of James Bond 007, after Lees death in 1981, the producers hired actor Robert Brown to play M in Octopussy
26.
Q (James Bond)
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Q is a fictional character in the James Bond films and film novelizations. Q, like M, is a job title rather than a name and he is the head of Q Branch, the fictional research and development division of the British Secret Service. Q has appeared in 21 of the 24 Eon Productions James Bond films, the exceptions being Live and Let Die, the character was also featured in both non-Eon Bond films, the 1967 Casino Royale and Never Say Never Again. Q has always been portrayed in the James Bond films as a man, however, MI6 chief Alex Younger revealed in a speech at the 2017 Women in IT Awards that the real-life Q is a woman. In John Gardners novels, the post of Q is taken over by Ann Reilly and she also forms a relationship with Bond. It is supposed that she held the post for a short while only, charles Fraser-Smith is widely credited as the inspiration for Q due to the spy gadgets he built for the Special Operations Executive. These were called Q-devices, after the Royal Navys World War I Q-ships, in the sixth novel, Dr. No, the service armourer Major Boothroyd appears for the first time. Fleming named the character after Geoffrey Boothroyd, an expert who lived in Glasgow. In the films, Major Boothroyd first appears in Dr, No and later in From Russia with Love, although played by different actors. In most films in which Q appears, he is restricted to a behind the scenes involvement, either based in London or in secret bases out in the field. In the first film, Dr. No, Boothroyd is played by Peter Burton in only one scene in which he replaces Bonds.380 ACP Beretta M1934 pistol with the signature.32 Walther PPK handgun. He is referred to by M as the armourer, and later as Major Boothroyd, scheduling conflicts prevented Burton from reprising the role in From Russia with Love. No Beginning with From Russia with Love, Desmond Llewelyn portrayed the character in every film except Live. In the 1977 film The Spy Who Loved Me, as Q delivered the underwater Lotus, in Thunderball, Bond can be heard muttering Oh no when Q joins him in the Bahamas. Q has also assisted Bond in an active role in his missions in Octopussy. He frequently refers to Bond as 007, rather than by his name, in GoldenEye, Q shares a joke with Bond for the first time, and in The World Is Not Enough when he reveals his plan to retire, Bond is saddened at the prospect. Q signs off with Now pay attention,007, and then offers some words of advice, Q, Q, Always have an escape plan. – before he is lowered out of view, llewellyn died in a car crash just weeks after the films release
27.
Miss Moneypenny
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Miss Moneypenny, later assigned the first names of Eve or Jane, is a fictional character in the James Bond novels and films. She is secretary to M, who is Bonds boss and head of the British Secret Service, although she has a small part in most of the films, it is always highlighted by the underscored romantic tension between her and Bond. On that note, she is not always considered to be a Bond girl, having never had anything more than a relationship with Bond. According to the film You Only Live Twice, she holds the rank of officer in the Womens Royal Naval Service. In Ian Flemings first draft of Casino Royale, Moneypennys name was originally Miss Petty Pettaval, which was taken from Kathleen Pettigrew, Fleming changed it to be less obvious. Miss Moneypenny is the secretary of M, the head of MI6. She holds the rank of Lieutenant RN, which is a rank for this position. She is cleared for Top Secret, Eyes Only, and Cabinet-Level intelligence reports, the latter of which she is required to prepare. Ms personal assistant is utterly dedicated to her work, which means she has time for a social life. A close confidante of her boss, she enjoys a flirtatious—though never consummated—relationship with James Bond. Moneypenny was never given any backstory until the film Skyfall, when she was re-introduced to the following the 2006 reboot of the series continuity. Moneypenny, now played by Naomie Harris and given the first name Eve, is originally an agent assigned to work with Bond on an operation in Istanbul. It ends in disaster when she accidentally shoots Bond while he is fighting with the mercenary they are chasing. She is temporarily suspended for this and reassigned to duty, assisting Gareth Mallory, the Chairman of the Intelligence and Security Committee. She later meets Bond in Macau and aids in locating an agent of Raoul Silvas before returning to London, after her return to London, she is a participant in another shootout with Silva, when Silva ambushes M at a public inquiry into MI6. By the end of the film, she decides to retire from fieldwork, in both the Bond novels and films based upon them, Moneypenny is smitten with Bond. For example, in the novel Thunderball, Fleming wrote that she often dreamed hopelessly about Bond, however, she never explicitly voices these feelings. Miss Moneypennys role in Flemings novels is even smaller than her role in the films, in the novels, Bond also has his own secretary, Loelia Ponsonby and later Mary Goodnight, both of whose lines and relationships were often transferred to Miss Moneypenny for the films
28.
Quantum of Solace
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It stars Daniel Craig, Olga Kurylenko, Mathieu Amalric, Gemma Arterton, Jeffrey Wright and Judi Dench. In the film, Bond seeks revenge for the death of his lover, Vesper Lynd, and is assisted by Camille Montes, who is plotting revenge for the murder of her family. The trail eventually leads them to wealthy businessman Dominic Greene, a member of the Quantum organisation, producer Michael G. Wilson developed the films plot while the previous film in the series, Casino Royale, was being shot. Purvis, Wade, and Haggis contributed to the script, Craig and Forster had to write some sections themselves due to the Writers Strike, though they were not given the screenwriter credit in the final cut. The title was chosen from a 1959 short story in Ian Flemings For Your Eyes Only, location filming took place in Mexico, Panama, Chile, Italy, Austria, and Wales, while interior sets were built and filmed at Pinewood Studios. The film was marked by its frequent depictions of violence. As of September 2016, it is the fourth-highest-grossing James Bond film, without adjusting for inflation, James Bond is driving from Lake Garda to Siena, Italy, with the captured Mr. White in the boot of his car. After evading pursuers, Bond delivers White to M, who interrogates him regarding his organisation, Ms bodyguard, Craig Mitchell, is a double agent, he attacks M, enabling White to escape. Bond chases Mitchell and kills him, Bond and M return to London and search Mitchells flat, discovering Mitchell had a contact in Haiti, Edmund Slate. Bond learns Slate is a hitman sent to kill Camille Montes at the behest of her lover, after rescuing Camille from Medrano, Bond follows Greene to a performance of Tosca in Bregenz, Austria. Meanwhile, the head of the CIAs South American section, Gregg Beam, Bond infiltrates Quantums meeting at the opera, identifying members of Quantums executive board, and a gunfight ensues. A Special Branch bodyguard working for Quantum member Guy Haines, is killed by antagonists after Bond throws him off a roof, M assumes Bond killed him, and has Bonds passports and credit cards revoked. Bond heads to Italy and convinces his old ally René Mathis to accompany him to Bolivia and they are greeted by Strawberry Fields, a consular employee who demands Bond return to the UK immediately. Bond seduces her and they attend a fundraising party Greene holds that night, at the party, Bond again rescues Camille from Greene. Leaving, Bond and Camille are pulled over by Bolivian police working for Medrano and they had earlier attacked Mathis and put him in the boot of Bonds car to frame Bond. In the ensuing struggle, Mathis and the cops are killed, the following day, Bond and Camille survey Quantums intended land acquisition by air, their plane is shot down by a Bolivian fighter aircraft. They skydive into a sinkhole, and discover Quantum is damming Bolivias supply of water to create a monopoly. Back in La Paz, Bond meets M and learns Quantum killed Fields by drowning her in crude oil, Bond meets CIA Agent Felix Leiter, who discloses Greene and Medrano will meet in the Atacama Desert to finalise their agreement
29.
Peter Morgan
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Peter Julian Robin Morgan CBE is a British film writer and playwright. Morgan is best known for writing the films and plays The Queen, Frost/Nixon, The Damned United. He is the creator of Netflixs drama series The Crown, in 2008, Morgan was ranked number 28 in The Telegraphs list of The 100 most powerful people in British culture. In February 2017, he was awarded a British Film Institute Fellowship, Morgan was born in Wimbledon, London. His mother, Inga, was a Catholic Pole who fled the Soviets and his father died when Morgan was nine years old. Morgan attended boarding school at Downside School, Somerset, and gained a degree in Fine Art from the University of Leeds, Morgan wrote television scripts during the 1990s, including an episode of Rik Mayall Presents. and the Comedy Premiere The Chest. He wrote the screenplay to the romantic comedy Martha, Meet Frank, Daniel, in 2003, Morgan broke through with The Deal, a television drama about the power-sharing deal between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown that was struck in the Granita restaurant in London in 1994. In 2006, Morgan received his Academy Award-nomination for The Deals follow-up, The Queen, that showed how the death of Princess Diana impacted Prime Minister Tony Blair and the Royal Family. His work on the film eventually awarded him a Golden Globe from the Hollywood Foreign Press,2006 also saw the release of The Last King of Scotland, the screenplay of which Morgan adapted with Jeremy Brock. In 2007 they jointly won a BAFTA Film Award for their work on the film, also in 2006, Morgans first play, Frost/Nixon, was staged at the Donmar Warehouse theatre in London. Starring Michael Sheen as David Frost and Frank Langella as Richard Nixon and these ended with his tacit admission of guilt regarding his role in the Watergate scandal. The play was directed by Michael Grandage and opened to enthusiastic reviews, in May 2007, the 50th San Francisco International Film Festival honoured Morgan with the years Kanbar Award for Excellence in Screenwriting. In July 2009, filming began on The Special Relationship, the film of Morgans Blair trilogy. The film focuses on Blairs relationship with US president Bill Clinton between 1997 and 2000, Morgan was originally scheduled to direct the film but pulled out a month before filming began. He was replaced by Richard Loncraine, Morgan was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on the film. In 2008 Morgan adapted John le Carrés Tinker, Tailor, Soldier and he has since finished the script for Hereafter, a supernatural thriller in the vein of The Sixth Sense. DreamWorks bought the screenplay on spec in March 2008, the development was later transferred to Warner Bros. and filming began in October 2009 under the direction of Clint Eastwood. In 2008 the film Frost/Nixon, with Sheen and Langella playing the parts they had on stage, opened in the UK, Morgan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for his work on the film
30.
Royal Albert Hall
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The Royal Albert Hall is a concert hall on the northern edge of South Kensington, London, which holds the Proms concerts annually each summer since 1941. It has a capacity of up to 5,272 seats, the Hall is a registered charity held in trust for the nation and receives no public or government funding. A further 400 events are each year in the non-auditorium spaces. In 1851, the Great Exhibition was held in Hyde Park, the Exhibitions Royal Commission bought Gore House and its grounds on the advice of the Prince. Progress on the scheme was slow and in 1861 Prince Albert died, however, a memorial was proposed for Hyde Park, with a Great Hall opposite. The proposal was approved and the site was purchased with some of the profits from the Exhibition, the Hall was designed by civil engineers Captain Francis Fowke and Major-General Henry Y. D. Scott of the Royal Engineers and built by Lucas Brothers. The designers were heavily influenced by ancient amphitheatres, but had also exposed to the ideas of Gottfried Semper while he was working at the South Kensington Museum. The recently opened Cirque dHiver in Paris was seen in the press as the design to outdo. The Hall was constructed mainly of Fareham Red brick, with terra cotta block decoration made by Gibbs, the dome on top was made of wrought iron and glazed. There was an assembly made of the iron framework of the dome in Manchester, then it was taken apart again and transported to London via horse. When the time came for the structure to be removed from the dome after reassembly in situ. It did drop – but only by five-sixteenths of an inch, the Hall was scheduled to be completed by Christmas Day 1870 and the Queen visited a few weeks beforehand to inspect. The official opening ceremony of the Hall was on 29 March 1871, a welcoming speech was given by Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Victoria was too overcome to speak. At some point, the Queen remarked that the Hall reminded her of the British constitution, a concert followed, when the Halls acoustic problems became immediately apparent. Engineers first attempted to solve the strong echo by suspending a canvas awning below the dome, in July 1871, French organist Camille Saint-Saëns performed Church Scene from the Faust by Charles Gounod, The Orchestra described his performance as an exceptional and distinguished performer. Initially lit by gas, the Hall contained a system where its thousands of gas jets were lit within ten seconds. Though it was demonstrated as early as 1873 in the Hall, full electric lighting was not installed until 1888, during an early trial when a partial installation was made, one disgruntled patron wrote to The Times declaring it to be a very ghastly and unpleasant innovation. In May 1877, Richard Wagner himself conducted the first half of each of the eight concerts which made up the Grand Wagner Festival
31.
IMAX Corporation
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Founded in 1968, it has operations in Toronto, as well as New York City and Los Angeles. As of June 2016, the IMAX theater network consisted of 1,102 theatres in 69 countries and these include IMAX variations such as IMAX 3D, IMAX Dome, and Digital IMAX. IMAX is a Canadian corporation that is based in Toronto and Mississauga, the Company was officially founded in 1967 when three filmmakers, Graeme Ferguson, Roman Kroitor and Robert Kerr incorporated IMAX Corporation. From their experience, Graeme Ferguson, Roman Kroitor and Robert Kerr realized that new technology would be necessary to develop a larger, as a result, they sought an engineer named William Shaw in 1968 to help develop this technology. Shaw created this new projector that allowed for films to have exceptionable quality, the first movie IMAX Corporation produced using this new technology was Tiger Child which was featured at Expo 70 in Osaka, Japan. It was because of the multi-screen viewing that Graeme Ferguson, Roman Kroitor and Robert Kerr wanted to create a theatre with giant screens, surround sound, Shaw remained at IMAX as a designer and inventor until his passing on August 31,2002 at the age of 73. Before retiring Shaw created a 3D camera which was sent to the International Space Station for IMAX films, another engineer at IMAX Corporation Brian Bonnick, Chief Technology Officer at IMAX Corporation, developed technologies that made it possible for the worldwide IMAX to produce major Hollywood films. To do this required flexible technology able to adapt quickly in various locations, Bonnick and his group created IMAX DMR, which allowed for these requirements and paved the way for the large Hollywood blockbuster movies that would soon result. IMAX Corporation has gone on to expand with new technologies including The IMAX Experience. The success of IMAX has made it possible for IMAX Corporation to sign deals with countries around the world, in 2009 IMAX Corporation signed a deal with China building the first ever IMAX theatre in Tianjin, China. The theatre was set to open in 2012, in March 2011 IMAX noted that Chinas Wanda Cinema Line announced a 75-theatre deal with IMAX Corporation. This was one of the largest international deals to the date of 2011 for IMAX, in August 2014 3net closed down due to low ratings. On October 8,2015, IMAX China, a subsidiary of the company, was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, in November 2016, Marvel Television and IMAX announced the live action television series, Marvels Inhumans, based on the superhero species of the same name. The entire series will also be filmed with IMAX digital cameras, the Inhumans will have versions of its first two episodes debut on IMAX screens in theaters world-wide in September 2017, with the series airing weekly on ABC afterwards
32.
IMAX
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IMAX is a motion picture film format and a set of cinema projection standards developed in Canada by Graeme Ferguson, Roman Kroitor, Robert Kerr, and William C. IMAX has the capacity to record and display images of far greater size, since 2002, some feature films have been converted into IMAX format for displaying in IMAX theatres and some have also been partially shot in IMAX. IMAX is the most widely used system for special-venue film presentations, as of June 2016, there were 1,102 IMAX theatres in 69 countries. The desire to increase the impact of film has a long history. In 1929, Fox introduced Fox Grandeur, the first 70 mm film format, in the 1950s, the potential of 35 mm film to provide wider projected images was explored in the processes of CinemaScope and VistaVision, following multi-projector systems such as Cinerama. While impressive, Cinerama was difficult to install, during Expo 67 in Montreal, the National Film Board of Canadas In the Labyrinth and Fergusons Man and the Polar Regions both used multi-projector, multi-screen systems. Each encountered technical difficulties led them to found a company called Multiscreen. As it became clear that a single, large-screen image had more impact than multiple smaller ones and was a viable product direction. An IMAX 3D theatre also is in operation near the former Expo 67 site at the Montreal Science Centre in the Port of Old Montreal, tiger Child, the first IMAX film, was demonstrated at Expo 70 in Osaka, Japan. The first permanent IMAX installation was built at the Cinesphere theatre at Ontario Place in Toronto and it debuted in May 1971, showing the film North of Superior. The installation is still in place, however, Ontario Place is on hiatus for redevelopment, during Expo 74 in Spokane, Washington, an IMAX screen that measured 27 m ×20 m was featured in the US Pavilion. It became the first IMAX Theatre to not be partnered with any brand of movie theaters. About five million visitors viewed the screen, which covered the total visual field when looking directly forward. This created a sensation of motion in most viewers, and motion sickness in some, much to the dismay of the majority of Spokane and the disapproval of the IMAX Corporation itself, it will be demolished to make way for a parking lot. Another IMAX 3D theater was built in Spokane, not too far from where the original was. However, its screen-size is less than half that of the original, due to protests, the IMAX Corporation has been able to remodel the area with the city, and turn the U. S. Pavilion itself into the first permanent outdoor IMAX screen, the first permanent IMAX Dome installation, the Eugene Heikoff and Marilyn Jacobs Heikoff Dome Theatre at the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center, opened in San Diegos Balboa Park in 1973, the first permanent IMAX 3D theatre was built in Vancouver, British Columbia for Transitions at Expo 86, and was in use until September 30,2009
33.
Dr. No (film)
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No is a 1962 British spy film, starring Sean Connery, with Ursula Andress and Joseph Wiseman, filmed in Jamaica and England, it is the first James Bond film. Based on the 1958 novel of the name by Ian Fleming, it was adapted by Richard Maibaum, Johanna Harwood. The film was produced by Harry Saltzman and Albert R. Broccoli, in the film, James Bond is sent to Jamaica to investigate the disappearance of a fellow British agent. The trail leads him to the base of Dr. No. Although the first of the Bond books to be made into a film, No was not the first of Flemings novels, Casino Royale being the debut for the character, the film makes a few references to threads from earlier books. This film also introduced the criminal organisation SPECTRE, which would appear in six subsequent films. No was produced on a low budget and was a financial success, while critical reaction was mixed upon release, over time the film has gained a reputation as one of the series best instalments. The film was the first of a series of 24 Bond films. No also launched a genre of secret agent films that flourished in the 1960s, the film also spawned a spin-off comic book and soundtrack album as part of its promotion and marketing. Production designer Ken Adam established a visual style that is one of the hallmarks of the film series. Strangways, the British Intelligence Station Chief in Jamaica, is ambushed and killed and they also break into Strangeways home/office, kill his secretary, and steal documents related to Crab Key and Dr. No. In response, MI6 agent James Bond is summoned to the office of his superior, M, Bond leaves for Kingston, but not before spending a night with a woman named Sylvia Trench. Upon his arrival at Kingston Airport, a female photographer tries to take Bonds picture and he is picked up by a chauffeur claiming to have been sent to take him to Government House, whom Bond determines to be an enemy agent. Bond instructs him to leave the road and, after a brief fight, Bond starts to interrogate the driver. During his investigation in Strangways house, Bond sees a photograph of a boatman with Strangways, Bond locates the boatman, named Quarrel, but finds him to be uncooperative. Bond also recognises Quarrel to have been the driver of the car that followed him from the airport, the CIA has traced the mysterious radio jamming of American rockets to the vicinity of Jamaica, but aerial photography cannot determine the exact location of its origin. Quarrel reveals that he has been guiding Strangways around the islands to collect mineral samples. During a search of Strangways house, Bond finds a receipt, Bond meets with Dent who says he assayed the samples for Strangways and determined them to be ordinary rocks
34.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
35.
British Academy Film Awards
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The British Academy Film Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts to honour the best British and international contributions to film. Between 2008 and 2016, the ceremony was held in central London at the Royal Opera House, the 70th British Academy Film Awards were held on 12 February 2017 at the Royal Albert Hall in London. British Academy of Film and Television Arts was founded in 1947 as The British Film Academy, by David Lean, Alexander Korda, Carol Reed, Charles Laughton, Roger Manvell and others. BAFTA stated charitable purpose is to support, develop and promote the art forms of the image, by identifying and rewarding excellence, inspiring practitioners. In addition to awards ceremonies BAFTA runs a year-round programme of educational events including film screenings. BAFTA is supported by a membership of about 6,000 people from the film, television, the Academys awards are in the form of a theatrical mask designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe, which was commissioned by the Guild of Television Producers in 1955. The ceremony previously took place in April or May and since 2002 it takes place in February in order to precede the Oscars. The awards are open to all nationalities, though there is an award for Outstanding British Film. Only UK films are eligible for the categories of The British Short Film, the Awards ceremony is delayed broadcast on British television the same evening, and across the world for example its shown on BBC America in the United States. It has been broadcast in colour since 1970, the award ceremony is held in London. From 2000 to 2007 the ceremonies took place at the flagship Odeon cinema in Leicester Square, between 2008 and 2016, the ceremonies took place at the Royal Opera House. The 70th Awards in 2017 were held at the Royal Albert Hall, until 2012, the mobile network Orange sponsored the awards and starting in 2013 Oranges parent company, EE, began sponsorship. British Academy of Film and Television Arts British Academy Television Awards Official website BAFTA Awards database Museum of Broadcast Communications, BAFTA IMDB, BAFTA
36.
Grammy Award
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
37.
James Bond
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The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections. The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz, published in September 2015, additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond, and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character, Moneypenny. The character has also adapted for television, radio, comic strip, video games. As of 2017, there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series, the most recent Bond film, Spectre, stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond, he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series. There have also two independent productions of Bond films, Casino Royale and Never Say Never Again. In 2015, the franchise was estimated to be worth $19.9 billion, the Bond films are renowned for a number of features, including the musical accompaniment, with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions, and two wins. Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bonds cars, his guns, the films are also noted for Bonds relationships with various women, who are sometimes referred to as Bond girls. Ian Fleming created the character of James Bond as the central figure for his works. Bond is an officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond is known by his number,007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander. Among those types were his brother, Peter, who had involved in behind-the-lines operations in Norway. Aside from Flemings brother, a number of others also provided some aspects of Bonds make up, including Conrad OBrien-ffrench, Patrick Dalzel-Job and Bill Biffy Dunderdale. The name James Bond came from that of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive field guide Birds of the West Indies. He further explained that, When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be a dull, uninteresting man to whom things happened. When I was casting around for a name for my protagonist I thought by God, is the dullest name I ever heard. On another occasion, Fleming said, I wanted the simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name I could find, James Bond was much better than something more interesting, like Peregrine Carruthers. Exotic things would happen to and around him, but he would be a neutral figure—an anonymous, likewise, in Moonraker, Special Branch Officer Gala Brand thinks that Bond is certainly good-looking. Rather like Hoagy Carmichael in a way and that black hair falling down over the right eyebrow
38.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
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It alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in the UK and its territories. Its head is the Sovereign of the United Kingdom and its seat is the Palace of Westminster in the City of Westminster, one of the boroughs of the British capital, the parliament is bicameral, consisting of an upper house and a lower house. The Sovereign forms the third component of the legislature, prior to the opening of the Supreme Court in October 2009, the House of Lords also performed a judicial role through the Law Lords. The House of Commons is an elected chamber with elections held at least every five years. The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Palace of Westminster in London, most cabinet ministers are from the Commons, whilst junior ministers can be from either House. The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the Treaty of Union by Acts of Union passed by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The UK parliament and its institutions have set the pattern for many throughout the world. However, John Bright – who coined the epithet – used it with reference to a rather than a parliament. In theory, the UKs supreme legislative power is vested in the Crown-in-Parliament. However, the Crown normally acts on the advice of the Prime Minister, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was created in 1801, by the merger of the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland under the Acts of Union. The principle of responsibility to the lower House did not develop until the 19th century—the House of Lords was superior to the House of Commons both in theory and in practice. Members of the House of Commons were elected in an electoral system. Thus, the borough of Old Sarum, with seven voters, many small constituencies, known as pocket or rotten boroughs, were controlled by members of the House of Lords, who could ensure the election of their relatives or supporters. During the reforms of the 19th century, beginning with the Reform Act 1832, No longer dependent on the Lords for their seats, MPs grew more assertive. The supremacy of the British House of Commons was established in the early 20th century, in 1909, the Commons passed the so-called Peoples Budget, which made numerous changes to the taxation system which were detrimental to wealthy landowners. The House of Lords, which consisted mostly of powerful landowners, on the basis of the Budgets popularity and the Lords consequent unpopularity, the Liberal Party narrowly won two general elections in 1910. Using the result as a mandate, the Liberal Prime Minister, Herbert Henry Asquith, introduced the Parliament Bill, in the face of such a threat, the House of Lords narrowly passed the bill. However, regardless of the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949, the Government of Ireland Act 1920 created the parliaments of Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland and reduced the representation of both parts at Westminster
39.
Quartermaster
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Quartermaster is a military or naval term, the meaning of which depends on the country and service. In land armies, a quartermaster is generally a senior soldier who supervises stores and distributes supplies. In many navies, quartermaster is an officer rank. In some navies, it is not a rank but a related to navigation. The term appears to derive from the title of a German royal official and this term meant master of quarters. Or it could have derived from master of the quarterdeck where the helmsman. The term was adopted by some European armies and navies. The first use in English was as a term, entering English via the equivalent French and Dutch naval titles quartier-maître. The term began to refer to officers in English around 1600. For land armies, the term was first coined in Germany as Quartiermeister, in the 17th century, it started to be used in various militaries in the sense of organizing supplies. In the British Army, the Quartermaster is the officer in a battalion or regiment responsible for supply, by longstanding tradition, he or she is always commissioned from the ranks and holds the rank of captain or major. Some units also have a Technical Quartermaster, who is in charge of technical stores, the Quartermaster is assisted by the Regimental Quartermaster Sergeant and a staff of storemen. The QM, RQMS and storemen are drawn from the regiment or corps in which work, not from the Royal Logistic Corps. Units which specialize in supply are known as units, not quartermaster units. From at least the English Civil War period until 1813, the Quartermaster was the senior NCO in a British cavalry troop, in that year, the position was replaced by the new appointment of Troop Sergeant Major, with the cavalry adopting commissioned, regimental Quartermasters as described above. In recent years, the Quartermaster has been a trained officer of the Logistics Branch. The Quartermaster was responsible for operations in the Imperial Russian Army. In the United States Army, the term is used to describe all supply personnel, in the Swiss Army, a Quartermaster is an Officer in charge with the coordination of the Kommissariatsdienst of a Battalion, Regiment and Brigade/Division
40.
Walther PP
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The Walther PP series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Walther. It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism, a magazine. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, various PP series are manufactured in either Germany, France, or the United States. Since 2002, the PPK variant is manufactured by Smith & Wesson in Houlton, Maine, United States. The PP and the PPK were among the worlds first successful double action semi-automatic pistols and were widely copied, but are still made by Walther. The design inspired other pistols, among them the Soviet Makarov, the Hungarian FEG PA-63, the Polish P-64, the American Accu-Tek AT-380 II, the PP and PPK were both popular with European police and civilians, for being reliable and concealable. During World War II, they were issued to the German military, including the Luftwaffe, the original PP was released in 1929. It was designed for use and was used by police forces in Europe in the 1930s. The semi-automatic pistol operated using a blowback action. The PP was designed with safety features, some of them innovative, including an automatic hammer block, a combination safety/decocker. The most common variant is the Walther PPK, a version of the PP with a shorter grip, barrel and frame. A new, two-piece wrap-around grip panel construction was used to conceal the exposed back strap, the smaller size made it more concealable than the original PP and hence better suited to plainclothes or undercover work. PPK is an abbreviation for Polizeipistole Kriminalmodell, kriminal referring to the detective division. Adolf Hitler shot and killed himself with his PPK in the Führerbunker in Berlin, south Korean dictator Park Chung-hee was shot and killed by Kim Jae-gyu, using the Walther PPK. Fleming had given Bond a.25 Beretta 418 pistol in early novels, no on the advice of firearms expert Geoffrey Boothroyd. Singer Elvis Presley owned a silver-finish PPK, inscribed TCB, the PPK/S was developed following the enactment of the Gun Control Act of 1968 in the United States, the pistols largest market. One of the provisions of GCA68 banned the importation of pistols and revolvers not meeting requirements of length, weight. The PPK failed the Import Points test of the GCA68 by a single point, Walther addressed this situation by combining the PPs frame with the PPKs barrel and slide to create a pistol that weighed slightly more than the PPK
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Shanghai
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Shanghai is the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million as of 2014. As one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the Peoples Republic of China, it is a financial centre and transport hub. Located in the Yangtze River Delta in East China, Shanghai sits on the edge of the mouth of the Yangtze in the middle portion of the eastern Chinese coast. The municipality borders the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the north, south and west, as a major administrative, shipping and trading city, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to trade and recognition of its favourable port location and economic potential. The city was one of five treaty ports forced open to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the First Opium War, the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking and 1844 Treaty of Whampoa allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement and the French Concession. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between China and other parts of the world, and became the financial hub of the Asia-Pacific region in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, trade was limited to other socialist countries, and the citys global influence declined. In the 1990s, the reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance. The two Chinese characters in the name are 上 and 海, together meaning Upon-the-Sea. The earliest occurrence of this dates from the 11th-century Song Dynasty, at which time there was already a river confluence. There are disputes as to exactly how the name should be understood, Shanghai is officially abbreviated 沪 in Chinese, a contraction of 沪渎, a 4th- or 5th-century Jin name for the mouth of Suzhou Creek when it was the main conduit into the ocean. This character appears on all motor vehicle license plates issued in the municipality today, another alternative name for Shanghai is Shēn or Shēnchéng, from Lord Chunshen, a third-century BC nobleman and prime minister of the state of Chu, whose fief included modern Shanghai. Sports teams and newspapers in Shanghai often use Shen in their names, such as Shanghai Shenhua F. C. Huating was another early name for Shanghai. In AD751, during the dynasty, Huating County was established at modern-day Songjiang. Today, Huating appears as the name of a hotel in the city. The city also has various nicknames in English, including Pearl of the Orient, during the Spring and Autumn period, the Shanghai area belonged to the Kingdom of Wu, which was conquered by the Kingdom of Yue, which in turn was conquered by the Kingdom of Chu. During the Warring States period, Shanghai was part of the fief of Lord Chunshen of Chu and he ordered the excavation of the Huangpu River. Its former or poetic name, the Chunshen River, gave Shanghai its nickname of Shen, two important events helped promote Shanghais development in the Ming dynasty
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Casino token
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Casino tokens are small discs used in lieu of currency in casinos. Colored metal, injection-molded plastic or compression molded clay tokens of various denominations are used primarily in table games, as opposed to metal token coins, Casino tokens are also widely used as play money in casual or tournament games. Some casinos also use gaming plaques for high-stakes table games. Plaques differ from chips in that they are larger, usually rectangular in shape, money is exchanged for tokens in a casino at the casino cage, at the gaming tables, or at a cashier station. The tokens are interchangeable with money at the casino and they generally have no value outside of the casino, but certain businesses in gambling towns may honor them informally. Tokens are employed for several reasons, because of the uniform size, shape, and patterns of stacks of chips, they are easier to tally compared to currency. This attribute also enables the pit boss or security to quickly verify the amount being paid, the uniform weight of the casinos official tokens allows them to weigh great stacks or heaps of chips rather than tally them. Furthermore, it is observed that consumers gamble more freely with replacement currencies than with cash, lastly, the chips are considered to be an integral part of the casino environment, and replacing them with some alternate currency would be unpopular. While some casinos which installed the system had kept the $1 tokens around for use as $1 chips. Most casinos using receipts have automated machines at which customers may redeem receipts, eliminating the need for coin counting windows, Casino chip collecting is a part of numismatics, more specifically as specialized exonumia collecting. This hobby has become popular with the Casino Chips & Gaming Tokens Collectors Club formed in 1988. Some collectors may value certain casino tokens up to $100,000, several casinos sell custom-made sets of chips and one or two decks of cards stamped with the name of the casino on them. Each set is contained in a briefcase or box. The ancestors of the modern casino token were the used to keep score in the card games Ombre. In 1752, French Quadrille sets contained a number of different counters, known as jetons, fiches, in the early history of Poker during the 19th century, players seemed to use any small valuable object imaginable. Early poker players sometimes used jagged gold pieces, gold nuggets, gold dust, or coins as well as chips primarily made of ivory, bone, wood, paper, several companies between the 1880s and the late 1930s made clay composition poker chips. There were over 1000 designs from which to choose, most chips were white, red, blue, and yellow, but they could be made in almost any color desired. The vast majority of casino chips are clay chips but can be more accurately described as compression molded chips
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750 ($418) per day as compensation.[78] Production faced criticism for allegedly damaging buildings while filming a motorcycle chase across rooftops in the city. Michael G. Wilson denied these claims, pointing out that the film crew had removed sections of rooftops before filming began and replaced them with replicas for the duration of the shoot; when filming finished, the original rooftops would be restored.[82] The production team negotiated with 613 part owners of the Calis Beach in Fethiye, to film along the coastline.[72]
