Slavery played an important role in the society and economy of ancient Rome. Unskilled or low-skill slaves labored in the fields, mines, and mills with few opportunities for advancement and little cha
Roman mosaic from Dougga, Tunisia (2nd/3rd century AD): Two large slaves carrying wine jars each wear an amulet against an evil eye on a necklace, with one in a loincloth (left) and the other in an exomis; the young slave to the left carries water and towels, and the one on the right a bough and a basket of flowers.
Romans Passing under the Yoke (1858) by Charles Gleyre, imagining the subjugation of Romans following their defeat by the Helvetii around 107 BC (Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts)
Shapur I employed enslaved Roman engineers, craftsmen, and labor for his monumental building program at such sites as Naqsh-e Rostam, present-day Iran.
Detail of relief (lower left above) depicting the Roman emperor Valerian (sometimes identified as Philip the Arab) submitting to Shapur I
Sexual attitudes and behaviors in ancient Rome are indicated by art, literature, and inscriptions, and to a lesser extent by archaeological remains such as erotic artifacts and architecture. It has so
Slavery in ancient Rome
…Empire was becoming Christianized, Constantine II (emperor AD 337–340) barred Jews from owning Christian slaves, converting their slaves to Judaism, or circumcising their slaves. Laws in late antiquity discouraging the subjection of Christians to Jewish owners suggest that they were aimed at protecting Christian…
Satyr and nymph, mythological symbols of sexuality for their respective sexes, on a mosaic from a bedroom in Pompeii.
Romantic scene from a mosaic (Villa at Centocelle, Rome, 20 BC–20 AD)
Erotic art in its architectural context at the House of the Centenary, Pompeii