Chattel slavery was a major institution and a significant part of the Ottoman Empire's economy and traditional society.
Ottomans with European slaves, depicted in a 1608 engraving in Salomon Schweigger's account of his 1578 journey in the Ottoman Empire.
European slaves in Algiers drawing by Walter Croker, 1815
An Ottoman painting of Balkan children taken as soldier-slaves, or janissaries.
Slave market with Europeans being sold in Algiers, Ottoman Algeria, 1684
Slavery in Saudi Arabia
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Legal chattel slavery existed in Saudi Arabia from antiquity until its abolition in the 1960s.
Dhows were used to transport goods and slaves.
A Meccan merchant (right) and his Circassian slave, between 1886 and 1887
An enslaved Armenian woman carries thistles
A female Armenian slave