Sneeze
Videos
A sneeze is a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa. A sneeze expels air forcibly from
The function of sneezing is to expel irritants from the nasal cavity.
7-to-8-metre-long (23 to 26 ft) turbulent multiphase plume from a human sneeze.
Sneezes are covered by handkerchief or forearm
A sneezing zebra
Shadowgraph
Videos
Shadowgraph is an optical method that reveals non-uniformities in transparent media like air, water, or glass. It is related to, but simpler than, the schlieren and schlieren photography methods that
Sneeze
…Stimuli Irritants of the nasal mucosa Light Cold air Snatiation Allergy Infection Method Expulsion of air through nose/mouth Outcome Removal of irritant Shadowgraph visualization of the airflow during a sneeze, comparing an unmasked sneeze with several different methods of covering one's mouth and nose: sneezing…
prehistoric shadowgraphy sunlight shadowgram of a martini glass "focused" shadowgram of a common firecracker explosion "Edgerton" shadowgram of the firing of an AK-47 assault rifle
Shadowgram of the turbulent plume of hot air rising from a home-barbecue gas grill.
"Edgerton" shadowgraph of bullet in flight
Shadowgram of shock waves from a supersonic bullet fired from a rifle. The shadowgraph optical technique reveals that the bullet is moving at a Mach number of about 1.9. Left- and right-running bow waves and tail waves stream back from the bullet, and its turbulent wake is also visible. To the right of the frame are seen unburned powder particles from the cartridge, themselves traveling slightly subsonic so that each of them produces a curved bow shock wave.