1.
Rapid City, South Dakota
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Rapid City is the second-largest city in South Dakota and the county seat of Pennington County. Named after Rapid Creek, on which the city is established, the population was 67,956 as of the 2010 Census. Known as the Gateway to the Black Hills and the City of Presidents, Ellsworth Air Force Base is located on the outskirts of the city. Camp Rapid, a part of the South Dakota Army National Guard, is located in the part of the city. The historic Old West town of Deadwood is nearby, in the neighboring Black Hills are the popular tourist attractions of Mount Rushmore, the Crazy Horse Memorial, Custer State Park, and Wind Cave National Park. The public discovery of gold in 1874 by the Black Hills Expedition brought an influx of settlers into the Black Hills region of South Dakota. Rapid City was founded, and originally known as Hay Camp, in 1876 by a group of disappointed miners, who promoted their new city as the Gateway to the Black Hills. John Richard Brennan and Samuel Scott, with a group of men, laid out the site of the present Rapid City in February 1876. A square mile was measured off and the six blocks in the center were designated as a business section, committees were appointed to bring in prospective merchants and their families to locate in the new settlement. The city soon began selling supplies to miners and pioneers and its location on the edge of the Plains and Hills and its large river valley made it the natural hub of railroads arriving in the late 1880s from both the south and east. By 1900, Rapid City had survived a boom and bust and was establishing itself as an important regional center for the upper midwest. The work was halted due to leading to the US entry into World War II. The city benefited greatly from the opening of Rapid City Army Air Base, later Ellsworth Air Force Base, as a result, the population of the area nearly doubled between 1940 and 1948, from almost 14,000 to nearly 27,000 people. Military families and civilian personnel soon took every available living space in town, Rapid City businesses profited from the military payroll. During the Cold War, missile installations proliferated in the area, in the early 60s the construction of three Titan missile launch sites containing a total of nine Titan I missiles in the general vicinity of Rapid City took place. A construction boom continued into the 1950s, growth slowed in the 1960s, but the worst natural disaster in South Dakota history, the Black Hills Flood, led to another building boom a decade later. On June 9,1972, heavy rains caused flooding of the Rapid Creek. More than 250 people lost their lives and more than $100 million in property was destroyed, new homes and businesses were constructed to replace those that had been destroyed
2.
South Dakota Air National Guard
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The South Dakota Air National Guard is the air force militia of the State of South Dakota, United States of America. It is, along with the South Dakota Army National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the South Dakota Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of South Dakota though the office of the South Dakota Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The South Dakota Air National Guard is headquartered in Sioux Falls, under the Total Force concept, South Dakota Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. South Dakota ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units, the War Department authorized the establishment of Air National Guard Squadrons, Groups and Wings in 48 States. Squadrons of the Air Force, each with 34 planes of various types, were located in Sioux Falls, at Sioux City and Des Moines, Air Guardsmen under Col. Gray were trained to throw 102 planes into battle within 12 days. Lt. Col. Ted Arndt assistant to the Adjutant General surveyed local air field facilities, making note of buildings, the South Dakota Air National Guard 175th Fighter Squadron, with Thirteen officers, was approved by Col. E. A. Beckwith, Adjutant General, Rapid City, South Dakota on 20 September,1946, the 175th Fighter Squadron was assigned to the 132d Fighter Wing, Des Moines, Iowa. The unit was equipped with the F-51D Mustang, and several types of support aircraft, the 175th was reassigned to the 133rd Fighter Interceptor Wing along with units from Fargo, Duluth and Minneapolis in November 1950. The unit was returned to control and reorganized on 1 December 1952. Two Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star trainers were assigned to the unit in July 1954 to start the transition of the pilots into jet aircraft, the first jet assigned was the F-94A/B Starfire. On 16 April 1956, the 175th Fighter Interceptor Squadron became part of the newly constituted 114th Fighter Interceptor Group, in May 1956, the first F-94C Starfire was received and in 1958, the F-94s were retired for the more powerful and longer range Northrop F-89 Scorpion. After two years this plane was replaced by the Convair F-102 Delta Dagger. In 1960, the received the F-102As and was placed under the direct supervision of the Aerospace Defense Command. The 114th FIG was assigned to the 132d Fighter Wing, a significant change was encountered in May 1970 when the 114th Fighter Group, Aerospace Defense Command, was redesignated to the 114th Tactical Fighter Group, Tactical Air Command. The F-102s were replaced with the F-100D Super Sabre, the mission became that of controlling the combat skies from enemy use and to reinforce the combat forces on the ground
3.
196th Infantry Regiment (United States)
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The 196th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Army National Guard. It traces its lineage to units which have been both infantry and engineers, parent unit organized 1884-1885 as 2d Regiment, Dakota Territory. The organized militia of South Dakota was redesignated South Dakota National Guard 6 March 1893, redesignated 9 September 1893 as the 1st Regiment, South Dakota National Guard. Reorganize and redesignated 11 April 1901 as the 1st Regiment, South Dakota State Guard, 2d Regiment, South Dakota State Guard, organized August 1901- August 1902. 1st and 2d Regiments redesignated 17 March 1903 as 2d and 3d Regiments, South Dakota National Guard, consolidated and redesignated 16 May 1905 as the 4th Infantry, South Dakota National Guard. Mustered into federal service 30 June 1916 for Mexican Border and stationed at San Benito, Texas, mustered out 3 March 1917 at Fort Crook, mustered into federal service 15 July 1917 at Aberdeen, drafted into federal service 5 August 1917. Converted and redesignated as the 147th Field Artillery and assigned to the 41st Infantry Division 3 October 1917, relieved from the 41st Division and demobilized 23 May 1919 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Inducted into federal service 10 February 1941 at Rapid City, 1st Battalion relieved from the 34th Infantry Division and redesignated as 1st Battalion, 132d Engineers 1 February 1942. Redesignated 1st Battalion, 132d Engineer Combat Regiment 1 August 1942, reorganized and redesignated 5 April 1943 as the 132d Engineer Combat Battalion. Inactivated 31 January 1946 at Matsayama, Japan, redesignated as the 196th Infantry, allotted to the South Dakota National Guard and assigned to the 196th Regimental Combat Team 24 June 1946. Organized and federally recognized 1 September 1947 with headquarters at Aberdeen, ordered to active federal service 1 September 1950 at Aberdeen. Released from active service and to state control 10 October 1954. The unit was inactivated on 14 September 1956, attached below the shield is a Silver scroll inscribed NUNC ET SEMPER in Red. This arrangement indicates descent from all organizations, using the colors of the Engineer Corps representing original approval of the design as an Engineer unit, the motto translates to Now And Always. Background The distinctive unit insignia was approved for the 132d Engineer Regiment on 3 October 1942. It was redesignated for the 132d Engineer Combat Battalion on 31 July 1943 and it was redesignated for the 196th Infantry Regiment on 18 January 1951. The insignia was rescinded on 3 August 1961 and it was reinstated and redesignated for the 196th Regiment with the description and symbolism revised on 24 February 1997. Shield Gules, in chief a fleur-de-lis, in base an eagle’s head erased Argent, crest That for the regiments and separate battalions of the South Dakota Army National Guard, From a wreath Argent and Gules, a coyote statant, Proper
4.
Charmaine White Face
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Charmaine White Face, or Zumila Wobaga, is an Oglala Tetuwan from the Oceti Sakowin in North America. She also works at the level in support of recognition of human rights of indigenous peoples all over the world. She is the spokesperson for the Teton Sioux Nation Treaty Council and she has worked to preserve Bear Butte, on monitoring of abandoned uranium mines, on environmental remediation of hazardous waste ponds, and in the anti-nuclear power movement. 2013, she raised concerns about exposure of South Dakota Army National Guard soldiers in the Buffalo Gap National Grassland. The Black Hills are Still Sacred
5.
Ionizing radiation
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Ionizing radiation is radiation that carries enough energy to free electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing them. Ionizing radiation is made up of energetic particles, ions or atoms moving at high speeds. The boundary between ionizing and non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that occurs in the ultraviolet is not sharply defined, since different molecules, conventional definition places the boundary at a photon energy between 10 eV and 33 eV in the ultraviolet. Typical ionizing subatomic particles from radioactivity include alpha particles, beta particles, almost all products of radioactive decay are ionizing because the energy of radioactive decay is typically far higher than that required to ionize. Cosmic rays are generated by stars and certain events such as supernova explosions. Cosmic rays may also produce radioisotopes on Earth, which in turn decay, cosmic rays and the decay of radioactive isotopes are the primary sources of natural ionizing radiation on Earth referred to as background radiation. Ionizing radiation can also be generated artificially using X-ray tubes, particle accelerators, ionizing radiation is invisible and not directly detectable by human senses, so radiation detection instruments such as Geiger counters are required to detect it. However, it can cause emission of light upon interaction with matter, such as in Cherenkov radiation. Exposure to ionizing radiation damage to living tissue, and can result in mutation, radiation sickness, cancer. Ionizing radiation is categorized by the nature of the particles or electromagnetic waves that create the ionizing effect and these have different ionization mechanisms, and may be grouped as directly or indirectly ionizing. Any charged massive particle can ionize atoms directly by fundamental interaction through the Coulomb force if it carries sufficient kinetic energy and this includes atomic nuclei, electrons, muons, charged pions, protons, and energetic charged nuclei stripped of their electrons. When moving at relativistic speeds these particles have enough energy to be ionizing. For example, an alpha particle is ionizing, but moves at about 5% c. Natural cosmic rays are made up primarily of protons but also include heavier atomic nuclei like helium ions. Pions can also be produced in large amounts in particle accelerators, alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium nucleus. Alpha particle emissions are produced in the process of alpha decay. Alpha particles are named after the first letter in the Greek alphabet, the symbol for the alpha particle is α or α2+. Because they are identical to helium nuclei, they are sometimes written as He2+ or 4 2He2+ indicating a Helium ion with a +2 charge
6.
Buffalo Gap National Grassland
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Buffalo Gap National Grassland is a National Grassland located primarily in southwestern South Dakota, United States. It is also the second largest National Grassland, after Little Missouri National Grassland in North Dakota, characteristics of the grasslands include mixed prairie and chalky badlands. The grassland is managed by the U. S. Forest Service and is a division of Nebraska National Forest, in descending order of land area it is located in parts of Fall River, Pennington, Jackson, and Custer counties. There are local district offices located in Hot Springs and Wall. It also surrounds Badlands National Park and Minuteman Missile National Historic Site, the act would allow the continuation of grazing and hunting on the land and would create the first national grassland wilderness in the country. 2013, Charmaine White Face raised concerns about exposure of South Dakota Army National Guard soldiers in the Buffalo Gap National Grassland. The National Grasslands Visitor Center in Wall, South Dakota is part of the Buffalo Gap National Grassland – Wall Ranger District, the center features exhibits about grassland wildlife and plants, grazing management and the history of the Great Plains. There is also a theater with a video about the grasslands, restrooms, media related to Buffalo Gap National Grassland at Wikimedia Commons Buffalo Gap National Grassland – Nebraska National Forests and Grasslands National Grasslands Visitor Center
7.
114th Fighter Wing
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The 114th Fighter Wing is a unit of the South Dakota Air National Guard, stationed at Joe Foss Field Air National Guard Station, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. If activated to service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Combat Command. The 175th FIS becoming the flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 114th Headquarters, 114th Material Squadron, 114th Combat Support Squadron, during the 1950s and 1960s, the unit was upgraded by ADC as newer interceptors became available to the Air National Guard. F-89 Scorpions were received in 1958 and F-102A Delta Dagger supersonic aircraft in 1960, in 1970, Aerospace Defense Command was reducing the CONUS interceptor force, as the chances of a bomber attack by the Soviet Union seemed remote in the age of Intercontinental ballistic missiles. The Group was transferred to Tactical Air Command on 23 May 1970 and was re-designated as the 114th Tactical Fighter Group, the 175th Tactical Fighter Squadron began receiving F-100 Super Sabre tactical fighters that were being withdrawn from service in the Vietnam War. News was received in March 1976 of the replacement of the units F-100D aircraft with A-7D Corsair II jets, the last Super Sabres left Joe Foss Field in June 1977. In 1979, the unit began a 12-year era of participation in Operation Coronet Cove at Howard AFB providing for defense of the Panama Canal, both aircrew and support personnel were extended there in the summer of 1979 during the Nicaraguan crisis. The unit was awarded the Armed Forces Expeditionary Streamer for combat duty as a part of Operation Just Cause during 1989-1990, Tactical Air Command began retiring the A-7D in the late 1980s, with units being transitioned from the A-7D/K to the F-16C/D block 30. The first F-16 to arrive with the 175th Fighter Squadron was on 14 August 1991, in June 1993 the squadron deployed eight aircraft to Brustem AB, Belgium as Coronet DART for the European exercise Central Enterprise 1993. In December 1993 the squadron deployed again, this time for their first combat deployment with the F-16, stationed at Incirlik AB, Turkey the squadron flew missions over Northern Iraq to guard the no-fly zone to protect Kurdish refugees. Combat patrol missions were flown over the northern No Fly zone of Iraq from December 1993 to January 1994, the 114th Fighter Group was re-designated as the 114th Fighter Wing in October 1995. The unit subsequently supported Operation Northern Watch, based out of Turkey in 1995 and 2002, the Fighting Lobos were also deployed to Belgium, Singapore, the Netherlands Antilles and Israel. A new chapter was opened in the history of the Air National Guard with the terrorist attacks on America on September 11,2001, OIF deployments during the 2000s included three to Balad AB, Iraq (October–December 2006, June–September 2008, January–April 2010. Unit members also deployed to the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Jordan, Cyprus, Pakistan, Romania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Turkey, Spain, France and Germany. The jet suffered more than $930,000 of damage, an accident for a squadron that has enjoyed a tremendous safety record. In 2007, the received the National Guard Bureau’s Winston P. Wilson Trophy. The squadron won the trophy again in 2010, the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure committee recommended that the 175th Fighter Squadron retire its older block 30 F-16s and upgrade to the block 40
8.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
9.
United States Army Center of Military History
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The United States Army Center of Military History is a directorate within the Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army. The center is responsible for the use of history and military records throughout the United States Army. Traditionally, this mission has meant recording the history of the army in both peace and war, while advising the army staff on historical matters. CMH is the organization leading the Army Historical Program. The center traces its lineage back to historians under the Secretary of War who compiled the Official Records of the Rebellion, a similar work on World War I was prepared by the Historical Section of the Army War College. They began publication of the United States Army in World War II series, since then, the Center has produced detailed series on the Armys role in the Korean and Vietnam Wars and has begun a series on the U. S. Army in the Cold War. These works are supplemented by monographs and other publications on a mix of topics and it has expanded its role in the areas of military history education, the management of the armys museum system, and the introduction of automated data-retrieval systems. The centers work with army schools ensures that the study of history is a part of the training of officers, much of this educational work is performed at field historical offices and in army museums. Under the direction of the chief of military history and his principal adviser and those works under way and projected are described in the Army Historical Program, an annual report to the Chief of Staff on the Army’s historical activities. All center publications are listed in the catalog Publications of the United States Army Center of Military History, CMH also serves as a clearinghouse for the oral history programs in the army at all levels of command. It also conducts and preserves its own oral history collections, including those from the Vietnam War, Desert Storm, in addition, the center’s end-of-tour interviews within the Army Secretariat and Staff provide a basis for its annual histories of the Department of the Army. As tangible representations of the mission, military artifacts and art enhance the soldier’s understanding of the profession of arms. CMH manages a system of more than 120 army museums and their holdings, current projects include the establishment of a National Army Museum at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, and a complementary Army Heritage and Educational Center at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. The Chief of Military History is responsible for ensuring the use of military history in the teaching of strategy, tactics, logistics. This mission includes a requirement that military leaders at all levels be aware of the value of history in advancing military professionalism, in this effort, the chief of military history is assisted by a historical advisory committee that includes leading academic historians and representatives of the army school system. Staff rides enable military leaders to retrace the course of a battle on the ground, as one of the army’s major teaching devices, staff rides are particularly dependent on a careful knowledge of military history. Center historians lead rides directed by the Secretary of the Army and it administers the army’s Command History Program, to provide historical support to army organizations worldwide. To stimulate interest in history in the army and the nation
10.
National Guard of the United States
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All members of the National Guard of the United States are also members of the militia of the United States as defined by 10 U. S. C. National Guard units are under the control of the state. The majority of National Guard soldiers and airmen hold a civilian job full-time while serving part-time as a National Guard member, local militias were formed from the earliest English colonization of the Americas in 1607. The first colony-wide militia was formed by Massachusetts in 1636 by merging small older local units, the various colonial militias became state militias when the United States became independent. The title National Guard was used from 1824 by some New York State militia units, National Guard became a standard nationwide militia title in 1903, and specifically indicated reserve forces under mixed state and federal control from 1933. The first muster of militia forces in what is today the United States took place on September 16,1565, appropriately enough, this muster occurred in the shadow of an oncoming hurricane. This Spanish militia tradition and the English tradition that would be established to the north would provide the nucleus for Colonial defense in the New World. The militia tradition continued with the first permanent English settlements in the New World, Jamestown Colony and Plymouth Colony both had militia forces, which initially consisted of every able bodied adult male. By the mid-1600s every town had at least one militia company, as a result of the Spanish–American War, Congress was called upon to reform and regulate the training and qualification of state militias. The first national laws regulating the militia were the Militia acts of 1792, in 1903, with passage of the Dick Act, the predecessor to the modern-day National Guard was formed. It required the states to divide their militias into two sections, the law recommended the title National Guard for the first section, known as the organized militia, and Reserve Militia for all others. During World War I, Congress passed the National Defense Act of 1916, Congress also authorized the states to maintain Home Guards, which were reserve forces outside the National Guards being deployed by the Federal Government. The National Guard of the states, territories, and the District of Columbia serves as part of the first-line of defense for the United States. C. Where the National Guard operates under the President of the United States or his designee, the governors exercise control through the state adjutants general. The National Guard may be called up for duty by the governors to help respond to domestic emergencies and disasters, such as hurricanes, floods. The National Guard is administered by the National Guard Bureau, which is a joint activity of the Army, the National Guard Bureau provides a communication channel for state National Guards to the DoD. S. C. The National Guard Bureau is headed by the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, prior to 2008, the functions of Agricultural Development Teams were within Provincial Reconstruction Teams of the US Government. Today, ADTs consist of soldiers and airmen from the Army National Guard, today, ADTs bring an effective platform for enhanced dialogue, building confidence, sharing interests, and increasing cooperation amongst the disparate peoples and tribes of Afghanistan
11.
Army National Guard
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The Army National Guard, in conjunction with the Air National Guard, is a militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States. They are simultaneously part of two different organizations, the National Guard of the states, territories and the District of Columbia. The Army National Guard is divided into units stationed in each of the 50 states. Members or units of the Army National Guard may be ordered, temporarily or indefinitely, if mobilized for federal service, the member or unit becomes part of the Army National Guard of the United States, which is a reserve component of the United States Army. Individuals volunteering for active service may do so subject to the consent of their governors. Governors generally cannot veto involuntary activations of individuals or units for federal service, the President may also call up members and units of the Army National Guard, in its status as the militia of the several states, to repel invasion, suppress rebellion, or enforce federal laws. The Army National Guard of the United States is one of two organizations administered by the National Guard Bureau, the other being the Air National Guard of the United States. The Director of the Army National Guard is the head of the organization, Militia members were required to equip themselves, take part in regular training, and report to their units when called. This war resulted in hundreds of deaths, hundreds of Native Americans sold into slavery or scattered throughout North America, the militias of the Southern New England colonies fought Native Americans again in King Philips War from 1675 to 1676. This conflict led to the defeat of the Narragansets, further straining relationships between Native Americans and white Europeans, but enabling continued white settlement of New England. In addition, the colonists had little interest in paying the taxes to maintain permanent garrisons of British troops, the militias were also an early experiment in democracy, with company grade officers often elected by their men, and the higher officers appointed by colonial governors or legislatures. The colonies did not exert centralized control over the militias or coordinate their efforts, Training typically took place during musters each summer, with militia members reporting for inspection and undergoing several days of training in drill and ceremony. Militia members served throughout the Revolution, often near their homes, Militia units served in combat, as well as carrying out guard duty for prisoners, garrisoning of forts, and local patrols. On some occasions, militia members performed ineffectively, as at the Battle of Camden in North Carolina, on other occasions they performed capably, including the Battles of Lexington and Concord, Battle of Bunker Hill, Battle of Bennington, Battles of Saratoga, and Battle of Cowpens. Perhaps the most important role played by the militia was off the battlefield, during the period of the Articles of Confederation, the weak federal government reduced the Continental Army to a handful of officers and soldiers. The Articles of Confederation required each state to maintain a militia, such consent was not forthcoming in an era when the population still harbored a distrust of a standing army, so Congress largely left the defense of the new nation to the state militias. During the Constitutional Convention in 1787, Federalist delegates argued for a federal government. Federalists anticipated using the military to defend the country if it were attacked, anti-Federalists advocated limited federal government, and wanted continued state control over the militias
12.
Air National Guard
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When Air National Guard units are used under the jurisdiction of the state governor they are fulfilling their militia role. However, if federalized by order of the President of the United States and they are jointly administered by the states and the National Guard Bureau, a joint bureau of the Army and Air Force that oversees the National Guard of the United States. The ANG of the territories of Guam and the Virgin Islands have no aircraft assigned, ANG units typically operate under Title 32 USC. However, when operating under Title 10 USC all ANG units are operationally-gained by an active duty USAF major command. ANG units of the Combat Air Forces based in the Continental United States, conversely, CONUS-based ANG units in the Mobility Air Forces, plus the Puerto Rico ANGs airlift wing and the Virgin Islands ANGs civil engineering squadron are gained by the Air Mobility Command. The vast majority of ANG units fall under either ACC or AMC, established under Title 10 and Title 32 of the U. S. S. When not in a status, the Air National Guard operates under their respective state. The exception to rule is the District of Columbia Air National Guard. Because both state Air National Guard and the Air National Guard of the United States relatively go hand-in-hand, Air National Guard of the United States units or members may be called up for federal active duty in times of Congressionally sanctioned war or national emergency. The United States Air National Guard has about 110,000 men and women in service, even traditional part-time air guardsmen, especially pilots, navigators/combat systems officers, air battle managers and enlisted aircrew, often serve 100 or more man-days annually. As such, the concept of Air National Guard service as representing only one weekend a month, the Georgia Air National Guard and the Kansas Air National Guard previously flew the B-1B Lancer prior to converting to the E-8 Joint STARS and KC-135R Stratotanker, respectively. In addition, the 131st Fighter Wing of the Missouri Air National Guard transitioned from flying the F-15C/D Eagle at St and these proposals were eventually overruled and cancelled by the U. S. Congress. As state militia units, the units in the Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command and they are under the jurisdiction of the United States National Guard Bureau unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. Air National Guard units are trained and equipped by the United States Air Force, the state ANG units, depending on their mission, are operationally gained by a major command of the USAF if federalized. Air National Guard personnel are expected to adhere to the moral and physical standards as their full-time active duty Air Force. The same ranks and insignia of the U. S. Air Force are used by the Air National Guard, the Air National Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in a service members home state or equivalent. The creation of the regiments was caused by the perceived need to defend the Bay Colony against American Indians. This organization formed the basis of subsequent colonial and, post-independence, state and this distinction accounts for why there are no National Guard components in the U. S. Navy, U. S. Marine Corps or U. S. Coast Guard
13.
Alabama National Guard
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The Alabama National Guard is the National Guard of the U. S State of Alabama, and consists of the Alabama Army National Guard and the Alabama Air National Guard. The National Guard is charged with federal and state missions. The state functions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. The National Guard may be called into service by the President under either Title 10 or Title 32 status. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-in-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed. The Governor may call individuals or units of the Alabama National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. The same respective ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards, all Alabama National Guard soldiers are also eligible for a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the State of Alabama. The Alabama National Guard has a State Partnership Program relationship with Romania, Alabama State Defense Force Militia Combat Aviation Brigade, 36th Infantry Division—approx. 300 Alabama ARNG soldiers deployed to Iraq with the CAB in September 2006, transformation of the Army National Guard Coats of arms of U. S. Armor and Cavalry Regiments Coats of arms of U. S, Artillery Regiments Coats of arms of U. S. Infantry Regiments Coats of arms of U. S. Air Defense Artillery Regiments Alabama National Guard, accessed 20 Nov 2006 GlobalSecurity
14.
Alabama Army National Guard
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The Alabama Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau, Alabama Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards, the Alabama Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Alabama. Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, new forces formation plans of the US Army were announced in early 2007 modifying the recent United States National Guard active duty callup pace. The new plan will nominally anticipate that each National Guard unit will serve one year of duty for every five years of service. Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates imposed a limit to the length of for National Guard Soldiers. Callups by Alabama authorities for state emergencies are not included in this policy, the Alabama Army National Guard was originally formed in 1807. The Militia Act of 1903 organized the state militias into the present National Guard system. Both armies were made up of volunteer militia with regiments of both sides wearing blue and gray uniforms. The brunt of the Union attack fell on the Confederate left flank, Confederate Brig. Gen. Bernard Bee, having recently resigned from the U. S. Army and still wearing his blue uniform, realized that the armys left flank was seriously exposed. Gen. Bee ordered the Fourth Alabama Regiment to advance rapidly in order to plug the gap in the Confederate line, for over an hour, the Fourth Alabama held position and repulsed several Union regiments. The gallant stand of the Fourth Alabama stalled the Union advance, the regiment played a prominent part in the fighting all day and contributed to the Confederate victory. The Battle of First Manassas proved to both sides that the Civil War would be a bitterly contested struggle, the Fourth Alabama went on to fight in every major battle in the Eastern Theater of the Civil War and never surrendered its colors. The heritage and traditions of the Fourth Alabama are carried on by the 1st Battalion, 167th Infantry, the 31st Infantry Division had elements in Alabama for many years, though divisional HQ was in Jackson, MS. Following the inactivation, the Alabama Army National Guard was allotted the 31st Brigade, 30th Volunteer Armored Division, in 1973 or 1974 the 30th Armored Division was inactivated and Alabama was assigned a new major headquarters, the 31st Armored Brigade, with its headquarters at Northport. In 2002, the 31st Armored Brigade was inactivated, merging into the 149th Armored Brigade headquartered in Kentucky, Alabama was again assigned a new major headquarters, the 122nd Chemical Brigade, later redesignated as the 31st Chemical Brigade. 300 Alabama ARNG soldiers deployed to Iraq with the Combat Aviation Brigade, 36th Infantry Division, the previously active 142d Signal Brigade was inactivated in August 2008. On 13 February 2009, the comedian Sacha Baron Cohen tricked guard officers into allowing him to participate in training at the Alabama Military Academy at Fort McClellan, the officers were led to believe that Cohen was a reporter making a German TV documentary
15.
Alabama Air National Guard
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The Alabama Air National Guard is the air force militia of the State of Alabama, United States of America. It is, along with the Alabama Army National Guard, an element of the Alabama National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Alabama Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Alabama though the office of the Alabama Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States, the Alabama Air National Guard is headquartered in Montgomery, and its commander is Major General Perry Smith. Under the Total Force concept, Alabama Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force, Alabama ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are operationally gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. Its mission is to train and equip combat ready aircrews and support personnel to perform aerial refueling. The Alabama Air National Guard origins date to 27 August 1917 with the establishment of the 106th Aero Squadron as part of the World War I American Expeditionary Force, the 106th served in France on the Western Front, then after the 1918 Armistice with Germany was demobilized in 1919. The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, if federalized by presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units, the squadron was reformed on 21 January 1922 as the 125th Squadron, Alabama National Guard, received federal recognition as a Corps Aviation unit. Maj. James A. Meissner, a World War I ace who had flown with Capt, eddie Rickenbacker, led the effort to form the unit and served as its first commander. It is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II. The 106th Observation Squadron was ordered into service on 125 November 1940 as part of the buildup of the Army Air Corps prior to the United States entry into World War II. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units, the modern Alabama ANG received federal recognition on 25 November 1946 as the 106th Bombardment Squadron at Birmingham MAP. It was equipped with B-26B/C Invaders and was assigned to Tactical Air Command, on 1 October 1947 the 117th Fighter Group allotted by the National Guard Bureau, extended federal recognition and activated at Birmingham, with the 106th Bomb Squadron being assigned to the unit. The 160th Fighter Squadron at Montgomery was authorized by the National Guard Bureau, the 160th was equipped with the F-51D Mustang and its mission was the air defense of the state. On 15 October 1962, the 160th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was authorized to expand to a level. The 160th TRS becoming the flying squadron. This was obtained from the Air Force and on 12 September 2009, the designation was transferred to the National Guard Bureau by the Air Force and it was allotted to the Alabama ANG
16.
Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs
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The Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs manages military and veterans affairs for the U. S. state of Alaska. It comprises a number of subdepartments, including the Alaska National Guard, Veterans Affairs, the Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, Alaska Naval Militia, and others. The AK National Guard is Alaskas component of the United States National Guard and comprises the Alaska Army National Guard, current strength is 1,972 army guardsmen and 2,309 air guardsmen. The Governor may call individuals or units of the Alaska National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. The Alaska National Guard also operates a site for a US anti-missile system at Fort Greely. The Alaska State Defense Force is a military entity authorized by both the State Code of Alaska and Executive Order, the State Defense Force is the states authorized militia and assumes the state mission of the Alaska National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. It is separate from the National Guard and reports to the Governor of Alaska as ex officio commander, the SDF is composed of retired active and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state. The Alaska Naval Militia is Alaskas naval equivalent of the Army and Air National Guard
17.
Alaska Army National Guard
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The Alaska Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs. Along with the Alaska Air National Guard, it makes up the Alaska National Guard, Alaska Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards, the Alaska Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Alaska. As of 2006, the Alaska Army National Guard was composed of approximately 1850 soldiers and maintains 77 armories and other facilities, the Alaska Army National Guard was originally formed in 1940-41. However, since the Second World War, the Alaska Army National Guard had not seen significant overseas deployments. It appears that the 207th Infantry Battalion was active in the state after the Second World War, with its distinctive unit insignia, however it was rescinded on 10 May 1960. This changed in 2004 when a company of infantry was mobilized to serve in Iraq, in 2005 through 2008 smaller detachments were deployed to both Iraq and Afghanistan. An infantry battalion was deployed to the middle east in 2006, the Alaska Army National Guards aviation units have seen a series of company sized rotations to Iraq, unfortunately including the loss of a helicopter and crew in January 2006. These deployments seem small in comparison to the units that other states have deployed, however given the small size of Alaskas population and National Guard they represent a very large percentage of the Alaska Army National Guard. When young men are deployed there is an impact on smaller Alaska Bush villages that have a subsistence lifestyle. The 49th Missile Defense Battalion is an Alaska Army National Guard unit that is permanently on duty at Fort Greely. The Alaska Army National Guard regularly sends soldiers to train in Mongolia as part of the State Partnership Program, in addition, the Mongolian Army deployments to Iraq were typically accompanied by Alaska Army Guard members. Now that the Mongolian Army has shifted its focus to Afghanistan, in 2008, the Alaska Guard began transforming the 207th Infantry Group into the modular 297th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade. It had originally intended to become the 207th Infantry Brigade Combat Team. In addition the 38th Troop Command was stood up to provide command, in 2013, media coverage increasingly focused on allegations of misconduct within the Alaska National Guard
18.
Alaska Air National Guard
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The Alaska Air National Guard is the air militia of the State of Alaska, United States of America. It is, along with the Alaska Army National Guard, an element of the Alaska National Guard, as state military units, the units in the Alaska Air National Guard are not typically in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Alaska though the office of the Alaska Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Alaska Air National Guard is headquartered at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Anchorage, under the Total Force concept, Alaska Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Alaska ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. The unit transfers more fuel than any other Air National Guard tanker wing, because nearly all receivers are active duty aircraft and it is a composite wing with multiple missions, including global airlift, air-sea rescue, tactical airlift, and NORAD air defense. Support Unit Functions and Capabilities, 213th Space Warning Squadron, Geographically Separated Unit located at Clear Air Force Station, Anderson, located 40 miles north of Mount McKinley and 80 miles south of Fairbanks. The 213th SWS is responsible for providing tactical warning and attack assessment of a missile attack against the continental United States. Warning data from the unit is forwarded to the North American Aerospace Defense Command inside Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station, the only condition, that enough people could be recruited to man the unit. The Alaska Air National Guard was organized 15 September 1952 as the 8144th Air Base Squadron, at its creation, the 8144th included 11 enlisted men and five officers. Its headquarters were located in an office above what was then the bus depot on Fourth Avenue in Anchorage. Because the office was so small, the men convened for their first training assembly in a nearby Quonset hut, the units first aircraft, a 1941 AT-6D Texan trainer, arrived in February 1953. Soon five more trainers arrived, operating out of Elmendorf AFB Hangar #3, in keeping with the Air Guards mission to provide national air defense, the pilots began training in earnest for their planned transition to jet fighters. The unit was re-designated as the 144th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 1 July 1953, in 1969, the 144th Tactical Airlift Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 176th Tactical Airlift Group was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 176th TAG received federal recognition and was activated on 1 April 1969, the 144th TAS was assigned as the new units operational squadron. In 1986 the 168th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron designation was transferred from the Illinois ANG to the Alaska Air National Guard and it was re-designated as the 168th Air Refueling Squadron, extended federal recognition and reactivated on 1 October 1986. The 168th would operate as a geographically separated unit, at Eielson Air Force Base and it was equipped with KC-135E Stratotankers and assume an air refueling mission, supporting military aircraft over Alaska and the northern Pacific Region
19.
Arizona National Guard
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The Arizona National Guard is the National Guard of the American state of Arizona. It consists of the Arizona Army National Guard and the Arizona Air National Guard, both components are part of the Arizona Department of Emergency and Military Affairs. The Department of Emergency and Military Affairs consists of the Army and the Air National Guard, the Division of Emergency Management, as of Sept.10,2013, the department is headed by Brigadier General Michael T. McGuire. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the United States National Guard with dual federal and those missions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. The National Guard may be called into service in response to a call by the President of the United States or United States Congress. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-in-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed. The governor may call individuals or units of the Arizona National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. A state defense force is a military entity authorized by federal statute and executive order. The SDF is a state’s authorized militia and assumes a mission of the National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. The SDF comprises retired active and reserve personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time. Currently, Arizona does not have a state defense force
20.
Arizona Army National Guard
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The Arizona Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau, Arizona Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards, the Arizona National Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Arizona. Currently, there are over 5,000 soldiers serving in the Arizona Army Guard, in response to the Indian wars, the Arizona Army National Guard was formed on September 2,1865. In 1898, hundreds of Arizonans joined the ranks of the Rough Riders during the Spanish–American War, the Militia Act of 1903 organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system. Since then, the Arizona Army National Guard has been deployed to Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, units from Arizona also deployed to Louisiana to assist with the Hurricane Katrina aftermath. The 158th Infantry Regiment was created September 2,1865, as the First Arizona Volunteer Infantry, the regiment was drafted into Federal Service for World War I,5 August 1917 as part of the 40th Infantry Division. Reorganization after the 1st World War assigned the 158th Infantry to the 45th Infantry Division, on 16 September 1940, the declaration of the National Emergency, the 158th Infantry joined its parent organization, the 45th Division at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. After being relieved by divisions in campaign after campaign across the Pacific, units from Arizona were called into action on September 26,1940. The 158th Regimental Combat Team were given the name the Bushmasters, general Douglas MacArthur said that, No greater fighting combat team has ever deployed for battle. The 158th Infantry was demobilized and returned to service following the end of World War II. It was redesignated in June 1967 as the 258th Infantry Brigade and it was subsequently reorganized and redesignated in August 1968 as the 258th Military Police Brigade. In August 1976 the unit was reorganized and redesignated as the 258th Support Center, later the 258th Rear Area Operations Center, the Cannon Company, 158th Infantry was reorganized as the 153rd Field Artillery Brigade. The 153 FA Bde was reorganized and redesignted as the 98th Troop command in 2006, in September 2010 the unit was reorganized and redesignated as the 158th Maneuver Enhanced Brigade. The 1st Battalion 180th Field Artillery was reorganized and redesignted in 2006 as the 1st Battalion, 158th Infantry, the Arizona National Guard has served the State through the Arizona Project ChalleNGe program. Since 1993 AZ Project ChalleNGe has offered an in-residence, voluntary, unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, but only as part of their respective units. For much of the decades of the twentieth century, National Guard personnel typically served One weekend a month. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit to one year of active duty for every three years of service
21.
Arizona Air National Guard
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The Arizona Air National Guard is the air force militia of the State of Arizona, United States of America. It is, along with the Arizona Army National Guard, an element of the Arizona National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Arizona Air National Guard are not typically in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Arizona through the office of the Arizona Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Arizona Air National Guard is headquartered at the Joint Force Headquarters in Phoenix, under the Total Force concept, Arizona Air National Guard units are an Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Arizona ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. The wing consists of three squadrons and more than 70 F-16 aircraft, the 162d conducts international pilot training in support of foreign military sales program. It operates and maintains extensive radar and communications to train student Weapons Directors for postings throughout the Air Force and these unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units. The Arizona ANG was founded by Barry Goldwater, and its origins date to the formation of the 197th Fighter Squadron at Luke Army Airfield, Glendale and it was equipped with F-51D Mustangs and its mission was the air defense of the state. Today, the Arizona ANG performs an air refueling mission. Its 111th Space Operations Squadron is the first space communications unit in the United States military, after the September 11th,2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, elements of every Air National Guard unit in Arizona has been activated in support of the Global War on Terrorism. Also, Arizona ANG units have deployed overseas as part of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. Arizona Wing Civil Air Patrol This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http, Arizona Air National Guard 161st Air Refueling Wing 162nd Fighter Wing
22.
Arkansas National Guard
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The Arkansas National Guard comprises both the Arkansas Army National Guard and Arkansas Air National Guard. The National Guard may be called into service by the President. Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, however, there have been several individual activations to support military operations since 2001. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-In-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed. For much of the decades of the 20th century, National Guard personnel typically served one weekend a month. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit to one year of active duty for every six years of service. More specifically, current Department of Defense policy is that individual Guardsman will be given 24 months between deployments of no more than 12 months each. The Governor may call individuals or units of the Arkansas National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. When not activated for its Federal mission, the Governor through the State Adjutant General commands Guard forces, the Governor can call the Guard into action during local or statewide emergencies, such as storms, drought, and civil disturbances, to name a few. The intent is that the National Guard is called only when resources have been used first. While in this status, Guard units report only to military authorities, the use of the National Guard is intended as a temporary measure to prevent the loss of life or damage to property. When Tornados hit Dumas, Arkansas on Saturday, Feb, in this situation, the Guard is still under the direct command and control of the Governor, but the Federal Government provides the funding through Title 32 of the United States Code. The Governor of Arkansas initially activated troops in an active duty status in response to an Emergency Management Assistance Compact request from the Governor of Louisiana. A total of 3000 Arkansas National Guard Soldiers and Airmen were mobilized, the Arkansas National Guard assisted with processing over 10,000 evacuees through the Chaffee Maneuver Training Center at Fort Smith Arkansas. Arkansas National Guard units were among the last to leave Louisiana, the state also maintains two Maneuver Training Centers, Chaffee Maneuver Training Center at Fort Smith, Arkansas and Robinson Maneuver Training Center at North Little Rock, Arkansas. Chaffee Maneuver Training Center encompasses over 65,000 acres, large enough to support Brigade size training exercises, acreage available to support Field Artillery training as well as various small arms training ranges
23.
Arkansas Army National Guard
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The Arkansas Army National Guard is a component of the Arkansas National Guard and the United States National Guard. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau, Arkansas Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards, the Arkansas National Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Arkansas. The Arkansas Army National Guard is composed of approximately 8,000 soldiers, unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, but only as part of their respective units. For much of the decades of the 20th century, National Guard personnel typically served One weekend a month. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit to one year of active duty for every six years of service. More specifically, current Department of Defense policy is that individual Guardsman will be given 24 months between deployments of no more than 12 months each, when not activated for its Federal mission, the governor through the State Adjutant General commands Guard forces. The governor can call the Guard into action during local or statewide emergencies, such as storms, drought, the Arkansas National Guard traces its roots to the creation of the Territorial Militia in 1804. Interest in the Militia in Arkansas generally waxed and waned throughout the 19th century as various national emergencies arose, organizations existed at the county and city level, but regimental designations above the company level did not become stable until the closing years of the 19th century. During much of this local militia companies were supported by private funds. Arkansas provided troops for the War with Mexico, the American Civil War, in each case, in answer to the governors call, local militia companies would turn out and be formed into regiments or battalions for induction into federal service. The militia was also engaged in the violence that characterized the Reconstruction period following the Civil War. Arkansas National Guard troops participated in the Mexican Expedition in 1916–1917, when the Arkansas National Guard units were mustered into Federal Service for World War I, their state designations were removed and they were renumbered in accordance with a national System. Arkansas provided many units for World War II, both organizations work for the Adjutant General of Arkansas. The Adjutant General may be either a member of the Air National Guard or the Army National Guard, the 936th and 937th Field Artillery Battalions, along with several other Arkansas Army and Air National Guard units were mobilized again for service in the Korean War. Throughout the Cold War Arkansas National Guard units underwent multiple re-organizations in response to the nations Cold War strategy, no Arkansas National Guard Troops participated in the Vietnam War, but the state was called upon again to support Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. The years following the first Persian Gulf War saw an increase in the use of National Guard units for service overseas to support various peace-keeping operations. During the 1980s Arkansas Nation Guard units made multiple training rotations to Honduras during a period of increased Marxist activity, following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, the National Guard transitioned from the nations strategic reserve to a part of the operational force
24.
Arkansas Air National Guard
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The Arkansas Air National Guard is the air force militia of the State of Arkansas, United States of America. It is, along with the Arkansas Army National Guard, an element of the Arkansas National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Arkansas Air National Guard are not typically in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Arkansas through the office of the Arkansas Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Arkansas Air National Guard is headquartered at North Little Rock, under the Total Force concept, Arkansas Air National Guard units are an Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Arkansas ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. The unit operates the C-130 Tactical Airlift Instructor School, where instructors are trained to they can return to their units. The Arkansas Air National Guard origins date to 28 August 1917 with the establishment of the 154th Aero Squadron as part of the World War I American Expeditionary Force, the 154th served in France on the Western Front, then after the 1918 Armistice with Germany was demobilized in 1919. The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, if federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units. The unit was reorganized with the establishment of a permanent air service in 1920 as the 154th Observation Squadron on 24 October 1925 and it is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II. The 154th Observation Squadron was activated for one year of training on 16 September 1940, the unit completed its one-year training and returned to state control, but was recalled to active duty on 7 December 1941 as a result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units, the modern Arkansas ANG received federal recognition on 27 May 1946 as the 154th Fighter Squadron at Adams Field, Little Rock. It was equipped with F-51D Mustangs and its mission was the air defense of the state, on 2 October 1950, the 154th Fighter Squadron, along with detachment B, 237th Air Services Group and the 154th Utility Flight reported to active duty for service in Korea. The unit went to Langley Air Force Base, VA where it was re-equipped with the F-84E fighter, the 154th flew its first combat sortie 2 May 1951. Initially operating out of Itaeke, Japan the unit moved to Taegu. The 154th returned to Arkansas and was relieved from active duty 1 July 1952, on 22 August 1962, the 184th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 188th Tactical Reconnaissance Group was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 184th TRS becoming the flying squadron
25.
California National Guard
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The California National Guard is a federally funded California military force, part of the National Guard of the United States. It comprises both Army and Air National Guard components and is the largest national guard force in the United States with an authorized strength of 22,900 soldiers. As of January 2012, California National Guardsmen have been deployed overseas 38 thousand times since 2001, of which twenty-nine have been killed in Iraq, the Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal and state missions. The National Guard may be called into service in response to a call by the President or Congress. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-In-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, the state mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law. Ames, March 22,1967 – June 5,1975 Frank J. Schober, June 6,1975 – December 31,1982 Willard A. Shank, January 3,1983 – February 13,1987 Robert C. Thrasher, February 14,1987 – October 9,1992 Robert W. Barrow, October 10 – December 31,1992 Tandy K. Bozeman, January 1,1993 – April 27,1999 Paul D. Monroe, Jr. April 29,1999 – March 2004 Thomas Eres, March 2004 – June 6,2005 John Alexander, June 7 – August 1,2005 William H. Wade II, September 1,2005 – February 1,2010 Mary J
26.
California Army National Guard
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The California Army National Guard is composed of 18,450 soldiers. Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Armys available combat forces, National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau. California Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army, the same enlisted and officer ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The California Army National Guard also bestows a number of awards for local services rendered in or to the state of California. Prior to that time, the California Army Guard originated from the militia established by the Constitution of California in 1849. On April 4,1850, the first California Legislature in San Jose adopted enabling legislation formally establishing a militia of volunteer or independent companies. The law required every free, white, able-bodied male citizen of the State to perform military duty or to pay a $2 fee for nonperformance of this duty. Such payment exempted the person from duty except in case of war, insurrection, invasion, assistance to the sheriff, or a requisition of the militia. It provided that a judge of the court of a county should cause a suitable person to open a book. After required notice, the volunteers were to be organized, and their officers, the volunteer or independent companies were to be armed and equipped as in the Army of the United States. The units were to adopt a constitution and by-laws as well as rules and regulations for the government of its personnel and determination of fines and penalties to enforce them. The first unit, known as the First California Guard, was formed from volunteers in San Francisco, California under Captain Henry Morris Naglee on July 27,1849 and it then was the first organized under state authority. During 1850, Governor Burnett called out the two times. ”The second instance occurred in October 1850, when Governor Burnett ordered the sheriff of El Dorado County to muster 200 men. The commanders were instructed to “proceed to punish the Indians engaged in the attacks in the vicinity of Ringgold. Also two companies of Rangers were organized in San Francisco from members of the three companies that existed in that city then, First California Guard, Washington Guard. However, by the transportation to San Diego was arranged the revolt had been suppressed. In 1853, a company of California State Rangers was organized for the purpose of capturing the famous bandit Joaquin Murietta, at the same time Los Angeles County formed two companies, Los Angeles Rangers and the Los Angeles Guard. In 1854 the Monte Rangers were formed, during 1855 in San Bernardino County the San Bernardino Rough and Ready Cavalry was formed, replaced in 1856 by the San Bernardino Rangers
27.
California Air National Guard
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The California Air National Guard is the air force militia of the U. S. State of California. It is, along with the California Army National Guard, an element of the California National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the California Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of California through the office of the California Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The California Air National Guard is headquartered in Sacramento, and its commander is currently Major General Jon K. Kelk, under the Total Force concept, California Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. California ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. It is under state jurisdiction and its members are employed only within the State of California and it is not subject to be called, ordered or assigned as any element of the federal armed forces. Currently in transition from a KC-135 Stratotanker air refueling mission to an MQ-1 Predator ISR wing, executing global unmanned aerial systems, combat support, and humanitarian missions. The California Air National Guard origins date to 28 August 1917 with the establishment of the 115th Aero Squadron as part of the World War I United States Army Air Service. The 115th served in France on the Western Front, constructed facilities and engaged in supply, the Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, liable for immediate state service. If federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units, initially the Unit held its meetings at Clover Field, Santa Monica, using Reserve Equipment planes for flying. Later on, the Squadron met at the National Guard Armory, in 1925, several months after its organization, the Squadron moved to permanent quarters at Griffith Park Aerodrome in Los Angeles. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units, the modern California ANG received federal recognition on 1 July 1946 as the 62d Fighter Wing at Van Nuys Airport, Van Nuys. Its 115th Bombardment Squadron was equipped with A-26 Invader light bombers, on 16 September 1946, its 146th Fighter Group was also formed at Van Nuys, with several fighter squadrons equipped with F-51 Mustangs and its mission was the air defense of the state. The 61sts mission was the air defense of Northern California, the 62d, today, units of the CA ANG perform a homeland defense mission, worldwide airlift missions, aireal firefighting, combat search and rescue, and Unmanned Aireal Reconnaissance missions. After the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, in December 2007, after the grounding of F-15 fighters due to potential structural problems, the California Air National Guard assumed responsibility for defense of the western United States. This was the first time that a single states fighter wing took responsibility of defense for an entire coast, also, California ANG units have been deployed overseas as part of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq as well as other locations as directed
28.
Colorado National Guard
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The Department consists of the Department of Military Affairs, and the Division of Veterans Affairs, and is headed by the Adjutant General of Colorado. The United States Code, Titles 10 and 32, specifically charge the National Guard with dual federal and those functions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. The National Guard may be called into service in response to a call by the President or Congress. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-In-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed. The Governor may call individuals or units of the Colorado National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. The Colorado National Guard attacked a tent colony of 1,200 striking mineworkers in the Ludlow Massacre on April 20,1914, nineteen were killed including two women and eleven children who were asphyxiated in a hole dug beneath one of the tents
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Colorado Army National Guard
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The Colorado Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Armys available combat forces, National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau. Colorado Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army, the same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The Colorado Guard also bestows a number of awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Colorado. The Colorado Army National Guard is composed of over 3500 soldiers, 19th Special Forces Group - Watkins AFB 193rd Military Police Bn. - Denver HHC 193rd Military Police - Denver 220th Military Police Co, - Colorado Springs 947th Engineer Co. 3/140th Medevac Company 117th Space Support Bn - Colorado Springs HHC 117th Space Bn. 217th Space Co. 1158th Space Co, - Colorado Springs HHC 1-157th INF - Colorado Springs A Co. 1-157th INF - Colorado Springs B Co, 1-157th INF - Ft Lupton C Co. 1-157th INF - Grand Junction D Co, 1-157th INF - Alamosa 1157th Forward Support Co. Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, however, there has been a significant amount of individual activations to support military operations, the legality of this policy is a major issue within the National Guard. For much of the decades of the twentieth century, National Guard personnel typically served One weekend a month. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit to one year of active duty for every three years of service. More specifically, current Department of Defense policy is that no Guardsman will be activated for a total of more than 24 months in one six-year enlistment period. The Colorado Volunteer Militia, predecessor of the Colorado Army National Guard, was formed in 1860. The Militia Act of 1903 organized the state militias into the present National Guard system. Originally Colorado was a part of the CONUS regional command, called the Southern Department and this was later redesignated, in 1920, as Eighth Corps area. With headquarters at Fort Sam Houston Texas, in 1941 Colorado was transferred to the new Central Defense Command
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Colorado Air National Guard
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The Colorado Air National Guard is the aerial militia of the U. S. State of Colorado. It is, along with the Colorado Army National Guard, an element of the Colorado National Guard, the units of the Colorado Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Colorado through the office of the Colorado Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Colorado Air National Guard is headquartered in Centennial, and its commander is currently Major General H. Michael Edwards. The Colorado Air National Guard 120th Fighter Squadron was the first federally recognized Air National Guard unit after the Second World War, under the Total Force concept, Colorado Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Colorado ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. They are able to survive and operate through all phases of trans/post nuclear attack, the Colorado Air National Guard origins date to 28 August 1917 with the establishment of the 120th Aero Squadron as part of the World War I American Expeditionary Force. The 120th served in France on the Western Front, then after the 1918 Armistice with Germany was demobilized in 1919. The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, if federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units, on 27 June 1923 the 120th Observation Squadron, 45th Division, Aviation was mustered into service as part of the Colorado Army National Guard. It is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II. Initially composed of eight officers and 50 enlisted members, the unit flew Curtis JN-4Es - an aircraft which proved to be unsuitable for flying at Denver elevations, one year later, the 120th began flying out of Lowry Field. The brand new airfield was named in honor of 2nd Lt. Francis B, Lowry who was shot down and killed near Crepion, France in 1918 while on a photographic mission. Mobilization for World War II took place on January 6,1941,11 months prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the unit, then 19 officers and 116 enlisted members, moved to Biggs Field, Texas. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units, the modern Colorado ANG received federal recognition on 3 July 1946 as the 86th Fighter Wing at Buckley Field, Denver. Its 140th Fighter Group was also formed at Buckley Field, with the 120th Fighter Squadron equipped with F-51 Mustangs, the 200th Airlift Squadron flies C-21A Learjets with a Special Air Mission for VIP personnel, along with aeromedical evacuation. The 137th Space Warning Squadron at Greeley Employs the Air Forces only strategic survivable, mobile ground system to receive early warning data
31.
Connecticut Military Department
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The Connecticut Military Department is a state agency of the government of Connecticut. Its primary components are the Connecticut Army National Guard, the Connecticut Air National Guard, the Military Department of the State of Connecticut traces its origins to May 11,1637, when the General Courts established a military arm of the provincial government. In 1939, the States Military Department, was established to consolidate the offices of Adjutant General, Quartermaster General, Armory Board, and Armory Board Inspector. It serves as the resource for the Governor in ensuring public safety in a variety of emergencies. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the militia which is now the National Guard of the United States with dual Federal, in fact, the National Guard is the only United States military force empowered to function in a State status. The National Guard may be called into Federal service in response to a call by the President of the United States or by resolution passed by the United States Congress. The Federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, the state mission assigned to the National Guard is To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law. The Connecticut National Guard bestows a number of decorations for services to or on behalf of the state, major General Thaddeus Martin is the current Connecticut Adjutant General. The Connecticut Army National Guard was originally formed in 1672, the Militia Act of 1903 organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system. Other major historical regiments of Connecticut were the 169th Infantry Regiment, after 1968, the main formation in the state became the 43rd Infantry Brigade of the 26th Infantry Division. Today the Connecticut Army National Guard is composed of approximately 5,000 soldiers and it maintains facilities in 22 communities. In 1999, these facilities included 22 armories, eight shops, four aviation facilities, four training site facilities. The primary combat unit is the 1st Battalion, 102nd Infantry, assigned to the 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, the Connecticut Air National Guard traces its history back to World War I with the beginnings also of the United States Army Air Service. It comprises approximately 1,200 airmen and officers assigned to the 103d Airlift Wing, the 103d Airlift Wing is based in East Granby at the Bradley Air National Guard Base at Bradley International Airport. Known as the Flying Yankees, the 103d Airlift Wing is the third-oldest Air National Guard unit in the United States with a history dating back to World War I. Until 2008, the organization was known as the 103rd Fighter Wing, operationally gained by the Air Combat Command, following this change in mission, the unit was redesignated the 103rd Airlift Wing and placed under the operational claimancy of Air Mobility Command. The 103rd Air Control Squadron is based in Orange, Connecticut, the mission of the 103rd Air Control Squadron is real-time detection, identification and surveillance of air traffic for combat operations and homeland defense. The 103rd ACS is the oldest unit of its kind in the United States military, the Connecticut Air National Guard counts one astronaut amongst its former members, Jack Swigert, who flew on Apollo 13
32.
Connecticut Air National Guard
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The Connecticut Air National Guard is the air force militia of the State of Connecticut, United States of America. It is, along with the Connecticut Army National Guard, an element of the Connecticut National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Connecticut Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Connecticut though the office of the Connecticut Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Connecticut Air National Guard is headquartered at Bradley Air National Guard Base, under the Total Force concept, Connecticut Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Connecticut ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. They currently fly the C-130H, a four engine aircraft and its mission is providing cargo. Support Unit Functions and Capabilities, 103d Air Control Squadron Stationed at Orange and is known as Yankee Watch, the mission of the 103d Air Control Squadron is real-time detection, identification and surveillance of air traffic for combat operations and homeland defense. The 103d ACS is the oldest unit of its kind in the United States military, the 118th Airlift Squadrons origins date to August 1917, when the unit was activated as the 118th Aero Squadron at Kelly Field, Texas. After little more than individual and unit training at Kelly. After a brief stopover at Garden City, Long Island, New York, they sailed for Europe on 13 January 1918, arriving at St. Maixent, the Fleur-de-lis on the post World War II squadron insignia reflects that service in France. The war ended in November, but the 639th remained in France until May 1919 when it returned to the United States and was demobilized at Mitchell Field, New York, on 6 June 1919. The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, if federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units, the National Defense Act of 1921 provided for a number of National Guard Aviation Squadrons and the 43d Aero Squadron was re-designated as the 43d Division Air Service Squadron. As a National Guard unit the squadron became a part of the 43d Division, at that time made up of National Guard Troops from Connecticut, Rhode Island and Vermont. Since there were no airfields in Connecticut capable of handling military type aircraft, however, after the opening of Brainard Field in Hartford in October 1922, efforts were immediately launched to secure the Air Service unit of the 43d Division for the State of Connecticut. Rhode Island, apparently without a deal of argument, soon relinquished its claim. When the squadron was organized on 1 November 1923, there were some 66 officers
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Delaware National Guard
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The Delaware National Guard consists of the, Delaware Army National Guard Delaware Air National Guard The Delaware National Guard comprises both Army and Air National Guard components. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal, in fact, the National Guard is the only United States military force empowered to function in a state status. Those functions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. The National Guard may be called into service in response to a call by the President or Congress. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-In-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed. The Governor may call individuals or units of the Delaware National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. The State Defense force is a military entity authorized by both the State Code of Delaware and Executive Order, the State Defense Force is the state’s authorized militia and assumes the state mission of the Delaware National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. The SDF comprises retired active and reserve personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time
34.
Delaware Army National Guard
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The Delaware Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau, the Delaware Army National Guard maintains 15 armories in 12 communities. Delaware Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army, the same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The Delaware Guard also bestows a number of awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Delaware. The Delaware Army National Guard traces its origins back to August 31,1655, during the American Revolution, Delawares First Regiment fought with General George Washington at the Battle of Long Island. In the War of 1812 all Delaware volunteer units saw service at Lewes, in the Mexican War, the Federal Government would not accept volunteer companies but the Delaware volunteers were not content to stay home. After much red tape, a composite unit was formed. They fought with distinction in the battles of Contreras, Cherubusco, Molino del Ray, the unit lost so many men in these actions it became known as The Bloody 11th. The Militia Act of 1903 organized the state militias into the present National Guard system. One of the units formed since was the 198th Coast Artillery, one week later, Mayor Babiarz requested the National Guard troops be withdrawn, but Governor Terry refused, and kept them in the city until his term ended in January,1969. This is reportedly the longest occupation of an American city by state forces in the nations history, in the aftermath of the occupation, recruiting offices of all military branches were removed from locations within the city limits until the early 2000s. In the 1980s, aviation regiments began forming in both the regular Army and the National Guard, the 150th Aviation Regiment was created in Delaware from the 150th Aviation Battalion of the 50th Armored Division. Troops from both the Delaware Army and Air National Guard volunteered to support relief operations in Louisiana. Joint Forces Headquarters - a Detachment-sized unit which comprises the Headquarters elements of both Army and Air National Guards for the state, 261st Theater Tactical Signal Brigade Headquarters and Headquarters Company - Deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom at Camp Victory, Iraq from October 2008 through September 2009. 198th Signal Battalion - deployed to Iraq in October 2006, scheduled 12-month deployment, returned successfully and safely with numerous awards. Returned to Delaware and released from active duty April 18,2010, 160th Engineer Company - a platoon-sized element returned from a 14-month deployment in Iraq in November 2006. 150th Engineer Detachment 249th deployed to Iraq at the onset of Operation Iraqi Freedom, 1049th Transportation Company 945th deployed in the early years of Operation Iraqi freedom. The unit is currently training in anticipation of deployment late in 2010, 722nd Troop Command Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment 153rd Military Police Company - Deployed to Saudi Arabia in 2002-2003 in support of Operation Enduring Freedom
35.
Delaware Air National Guard
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The Delaware Air National Guard is the air force militia of the State of Delaware, United States of America. It is, along with the Delaware Army National Guard, an element of the Delaware National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Delaware Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Delaware through the office of the Delaware Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Delaware Air National Guard is headquartered at New Castle Air National Guard Base, under the Total Force concept, Delaware Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Delaware ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. The actual strength on founding day was 15 officers, one warrant officer and 36 enlisted men, the Air Guard carried 60% of the cargo it would be expected to carry if it were an active unit in Federal service. Brig. Gen. William “Bill” Spruance, a member of the Delaware Air Guard. In 1961, after a fatal plane crash as passenger in a T-33, Brig. Gen. Spruance selflessly devoted his time, knowledge and experience in an effort to improve flying. In 1968 during one of his three trips to Vietnam he gave over 100 presentations to over 10,000 people, at 58 bases, shortly thereafter, members of the 166th Tactical Clinic were also called upon, bringing the total Air Guard involvement to over 350. All eight C-130 Hercules aircraft were deployed with the Air Guard to the Persian Gulf, the Air Guard merged with the 1670th Tactical Airlift Provisional, part of the largest composite U. S. Air Force Wing in the entire Persian Gulf area. The unit flew missions carrying personnel and fuel bladders critical to destroying the Iraqi Republican Guard and they were also one of the first crews that flew into Kuwait International Airport to begin rebuilding. In May, they moved a significant portion of the Shiite Muslim refugees to a camp in Saudi Arabia السعودية, in January and February personnel from the 166th Civil Engineering Squadron were also tasked with the 100% enlargement of the mortuary facility at Dover Air Force Base. Brig. Gen. Ernest Talbert served in combat zones in Southwest Asia as a C-130 pilot in support of Operation Desert Storm, on 11 Nov 2005 he became the first African-American general in the history of the Delaware National Guard. Upon his retirement as Chief of Staff, Headquarters, Delaware Air National Guard on 11 Jan 2009, General Talbert has upheld his oath to support and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of Delaware against all enemies, foreign and domestic. The Delaware Air National Guard units returned on 31 May 1991, the Delaware Air National Guard was called upon again during the Afghanistan War. Its units have deployed to the Afghan region several times since 2001, col. Patrick Houtman received the Distinguished Flying Cross for taking evasive action at low altitude after a surface-to-air missile was launched against his C-130 aircraft. Col. Houtman was the first Delaware Air National Guard member to receive this decoration, col. Gregory Carr and Master Sgt
36.
Florida National Guard
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The Florida National Guard is the National Guard force of the U. S. state of Florida. It comprises the Florida Army National Guard and the Florida Air National Guard, the United States Constitution charges the National Guard with dual federal and state missions. The Florida National Guard, like those of states, provides trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization in case of war or national emergency. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is to trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law. The Florida National Guard serves as the defense force. Florida currently has no State Defense Force and it is unlikely that a SDF would be created in the near future. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau, headquarters, Florida Army National Guard - St. As of July 2007, the Florida National Guard was composed of approximately 9,600 soldiers, bibliography of Florida Army National Guard History compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History Florida National Guard website
37.
Florida Army National Guard
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The Florida Army National Guard is Floridas component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. In the United States, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the federal armys available combat forces, federal coordination of various state Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau. The Florida Army National Guard is composed of approximately 12,000 soldiers, the main state training grounds is Camp Blanding. Florida Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army, the same enlisted ranks and officer ranks and insignia used by the United States Army are used by Army National Guardsmen and the latter are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The Florida National Guard also bestows a number of awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Florida. The predecessor of the Florida Army National Guard was a Spanish militia that was formed in 1565. The subsequent militia served under the Spanish crown for 236 years, Great Britain for a 20 years, and the Confederate States of America for 5 years. In 1702-1704 an inter Indian Native American conflict started as part of Queen Annes War, involving the English armies on one side, the conflict later also escalated into the Yamasee War. After the end of the First Seminole War in 1821, the Florida provinces joined the United States, from 1835 to 1842 the Second Seminole War resulted in the elimination by force of most of the Native Americans from the territory. Florida was incorporated into the United States as a state in 1845, after Floridas incorporation into the United States problems with Seminoles continued until almost 1860. Some of the origins of the Florida ARNG today can be traced to the Florida State Troops. Todays 124th Infantry Regiment was reorganized and established in the Florida State Troops as five battalions between 1888-1892, the Militia Act of 1903 organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system. The Florida ARNG included elements of the 51st Infantry Division from 11 September 1946 to 1963 and it was originally headquartered at Tampa, Florida. The Florida ARNG also included the 48th Armored Division from 1954 to 1968, in 1986 the 1st Battalion, 111th Aviation Regiment, was organized from pre-existing Florida ARNG aviation units at Jacksonville and Lakeland, the Lakeland unit relocating to Brooksville in 1999. The Florida Army National Guard was composed of approximately 9,950 soldiers in January 2001, unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, but only as part of their respective units. National Guard personnel typically serve One weekend a month, two weeks a year, with a portion working for the Guard in a full-time capacity. More specifically, current Department of Defense policy is that no Guardsman will be activated for a total of more than 24 months in one six-year enlistment period. The largest mobilization in history began in mid-2009
38.
Florida Air National Guard
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The Florida Air National Guard is the air force militia of the State of Florida and, as part of the air force militia of the United States, is part of the Air National Guard. On a state level, along with the Florida Army National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Florida Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. FL ANG units remain under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Florida though the office of the Florida Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. This jurisdictional model of answering to state, commonwealth or territorial governors applies to all Air National Guard units in all fifty states, Puerto Rico, Guam and the U. S. The Florida Air National Guard is headquartered at St. Francis Barracks, in St. Augustine, Florida ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are operationally gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. The 101 AOG is operationally-gained by Air Combat Command, the 114 SPCS is operationally gained by Air Force Space Command. The 202 RHS is operationally gained by Air Combat Command. S, armed services, other Department of Defense activities and combat support agencies, other U. S. Government agencies, and the state of Florida. The 290 JCSS is associated with the U. S, transportation Commands Joint Enabling Capabilities Command and the Joint Communications Support Element. As a USAF organization, the squadron is operationally gained by the Air Mobility Command, the 131 TF is operationally gained by the Air Force Weather Agency. The 159 WF is operationally gained by the Air Force Weather Agency and these unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units. A National Guard Bureau document dated 16 March 1946, gave permission to request an Army Air Forces unit allotment. Months later, Florida accepted the 159th Fighter Squadron with a strength of 50 officers and 303 enlisted men. The unit was established at Imeson Airport in Jacksonville and Governor Millard F, caldwell formally accepted the unit on 30 August 1946. Full federal recognition of the unit was granted on 9 February 1947, in 1954, the 159th relinquished their F-51s for F-80 Shooting Stars and in 1956 upgraded again to F-86 Sabres. Both organizations remained operationally gained by the Air Defense Command and in 1960 transitioned to the F-102 Delta Dagger, in 1968, ADC was renamed Aerospace Defense Command and remained the 125 FIGs gaining command. That same year, the 125 FIG and its F-102 aircraft relocated from the soon-to-be closing Imeson Airport to a newly constructed military installation at the new Jacksonville International Airport and this was followed by another aircraft transition in 1974 to the F-106 Delta Dart. With the disestablishment of ADC in October 1979, operational claimancy of the 125 FIG was shifted to Tactical Air Command, the same year, the 125th also transitioned from the F-16 to the F-15 Eagle, the aircraft that it continues to fly today. The units initial mission was to train active duty and Air National Guard pilots to fly the F-15 Eagle in its F-15A/B and F-15C/D variants in the air dominance role
39.
Georgia National Guard
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The Georgia National Guard is the National Guard of the U. S. state of Georgia, and consists of the Georgia Army National Guard and the Georgia Air National Guard. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal, the state functions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. The National Guard may be called into service by the President under either Title 10 or Title 32 status. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-in-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed. The Governor may call individuals or units of the Georgia National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. As authorized under the Constitution, Congress has the power to regulate National Guard units, hence they are trained and equipped as a part of the United States Army, the same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. All Georgia National Guard soldiers are eligible for a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Georgia. Georgia also maintains its own State Defense Force and this force is separate from the National Guard and reports to the Governor of Georgia as Commander-in-Chief. The GSDF services the state exclusively, especially when the National Guard is deployed, the Georgia National Guard has a State Partnership Program relationship with the Military of Georgia. 1, Winder Barrow Airport, Winder Army Aviation Support Facility No,2, Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Marietta Army Aviation Support Facility No. Also known as TAG, they are subordinated to the governor, as of today, there have been 36 adjutants general in Georgia and the position has changed hands 42 times
40.
Georgia Army National Guard
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The Georgia Army National Guard is the Army National Guard component of the Georgia National Guard, administratively part of the Georgia Department of Defense. It consists of more than 11,100 citizen-soldiers training in more than 79 hometown armories, georgia’s Army Guard is the eighth largest in the nation and includes combat, combat support and combat service support units. When activated under Title 10, the Georgia Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and is absorbed into the National Guard of the United States. Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Armys available combat forces, National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau. When activated under Title 32, the Georgia Army National Guard remains under command as it fulfills a federally assigned mission. Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, however, there has been a significant amount of individual activations to support military operations. For much of the decades of the twentieth century, National Guard personnel typically served one weekend a month. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit to one year of active duty for every three years of service. More specifically, current Department of Defense policy is that no guardsman will be activated for a total of more than 24 months in one six-year enlistment period. The Georgia Army National Guard was originally formed in 1751, the Militia Act of 1903 organized the various U. S. state militias into the present National Guard system. The 121st and 122nd Infantry Regiments, formed from existing Georgia state regiments, the two regiments served with that brigade from August 1917 to November 1918. After World War II, the 48th Infantry Division was organized in the state, the division was commanded before and immediately after its change of name by Maj. Gen. Joseph Frazer of Hinesville. The 48th Armored Division was disbanded on 1 January 1968 and it was redesignated on 9 May 1978 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 118th Field Artillery Brigade. In 1984-85, the 118th Field Artillery Brigade was headquartered at Savannah and comprised the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 214th Field Artillery, in the late 1980s the 171st Aviation Regiment was formed in the state
41.
Georgia Air National Guard
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The Georgia Air National Guard is the air force militia of the U. S. state of Georgia. It is, along with the Georgia Army National Guard, an element of the Georgia National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Georgia Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Georgia though the office of the Georgia Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States, the Georgia Air National Guard is headquartered in Atlanta, and its commander is Brigadier General Jesse Simmons. Under the Total Force concept, Georgia Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force, Georgia ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are operationally gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. The Georgia Air National Guard has 3,000 airmen and officers assigned to two flying wings and six geographically separated units throughout Georgia, Savannah Combat Readiness Training Center, Savannah IAP, Savannah Provide the most realistic training environment possible for today’s war fighter. The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, if federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units, the Georgia Air National Guard origins date to 1 May 1948 with the establishment of the 128th Observation Squadron and is oldest unit of the Georgia Air National Guard. The squadron is a descendant organization of the World War I 840th Aero Squadron, the 840th was a non-flying Air Service support unit, formed in Texas. Deployed to England in May 1918, then serving in the area behind the Western Front in France as an aircraft repair squadron beginning in August. Remained in France after the November 1918 Armistice, returning to Langley Field, the 128th Observation Squadron was one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II. The 128th Observation Squadron was ordered into service on 15 September 1941 as part of the buildup of the Army Air Corps prior to the United States entry into World War II. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units, the modern Georgia ANG received federal recognition on 20 August 1946 as the 128th Fighter Squadron at Marietta Army Airfield. The 128th was equipped with F-47N Thunderbolts, and its mission was the air defense of the state, also on 20 August, the 158th Fighter Squadron was activated at Chatam Army Airfield, Pooler, also equipped with F-47Hs. Also, on 20 August 1946, the 54th Fighter Wing at Marietta Army Airfield, the 54th Fighter Wing was a command and control organization for units in the Southeastern region of the United States. The 54th controlled Air National Guard units in Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, on 9 September 1946, the 116th Fighter Group, also at Marietta AAF was activated, becoming an intermediate Command and Control organization for the 54th FW. The 1166th assumed control of both the 128th and 158th Fighter Squadrons, at the end of October 1950, the Air National Guard converted to the wing-base Hobson Plan organization. As a result, the wing was withdrawn from the Georgia ANG and was inactivated on 31 October 1950, the 116th Fighter Wing was federalized on 10 October 1950 due to the Korean War
42.
Hawaii National Guard
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The Hawaii National Guard consists of the Hawaii Army National Guard and the Hawaii Air National Guard. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal, in fact, the National Guard is the only United States military force empowered to function in a state status. Those functions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. The National Guard may be called into service in response to a call by the President or Congress. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-In-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed. The Governor may call individuals or units of the Hawaii National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. The State Defense force is a military entity authorized by both the State Code of Hawaii and Executive Order, the State Defense Force is the state’s authorized militia and assumes the state mission of the Hawaii National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. The SDF comprises retired active and reserve personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time. Hawaii previously had a defense force, the Hawaii Territorial Guard. Prior to Hawaii being annexed and becoming the Territory of Hawaii in 1898, after annexation, the companies entered the Army National Guard system and became part of the Hawaii Army National Guard. Bibliography of Hawaii Army National Guard History compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History
43.
Hawaii Army National Guard
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The Hawaii Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Armys available combat forces, National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau. Hawaii Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army and it uses the same ranks and insignia as the U. S. Army, and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The Hawaii Guard also bestows a number of awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Hawaii. Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, however, there has been a significant amount of individual activations to support military operations, the legality of this policy is a major issue within the National Guard. For much of the decades of the twentieth century, National Guard personnel typically served One weekend a month. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit to one year of active duty for every three years of service. More specifically, current Department of Defense policy is that no Guardsman will be activated for a total of more than 24 months in one six-year enlistment period. The earliest forerunner of the Hawaii Army National Guard was the Honolulu Rifles a militia formed in 1854, in 1887 it was certified as a paramilitary. On January 27,1893 the National Guard of Hawaii was formed largely adopting men from the Honolulu Rifles, the first action as a national guard was during the Leper War an indecisive victory. On August 12,1898 National Guard of Hawaii was converted into the Hawaii Territorial Guard, in 1938 members of the Guard unit in Hilo aided striking workers against government authorities during the protest that became known as the Hilo Massacre. The Territorial Guard was disbanded in 1942 and the Hawaii Army National Guard was formed, many feel it was a conspiracy to purge the guard of Japanese Americans. Although hundreds of Japanese-Americans were forced to leave the Guard,1,300 were retained, 298th Infantry Regiment - The 298th Infantry was organized as the 1st Regiment, National Guard of Hawaii from 1893-95 at Honolulu. It was redesignated as the 1st Hawaiian Infantry Regiment and mobilized into Federal service during World War I at Fort Shafter, in 1923 it was redesignated as the 298th Infantry Regiment. Called to Federal service on 15 October 1940, the 298th Infantry was assigned to the 25th Division on 1 October 1941, on 7 December 1941 the 298th Infantry came under fire and took casualties during the Japanese attack on Hawaii. On 23 July 1942 the 298th Regiment was reassigned to the 24th Infantry Division, on 12 June 1943 the 298th Infantry was relieved from assignment to the 24th Division and was designated as a separate infantry regiment. It was assigned to the U. S. Army Central Pacific and participated in the Central Pacific, Western Pacific, Leyte, the regiment was released from Federal service on 10 April 1945 in Hawaii. On 8 January 1957 the 298th Infantry was reorganized and redesignated as the 298th Antiaircraft Artillery Group and it was further redesignated as the 298th Artillery Group on 15 November 1961
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Hawaii Air National Guard
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The Hawaii Air National Guard is the air force militia of the State of Hawaii, United States of America. It is, along with the Hawaii Army National Guard, an element of the Hawaii National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Hawaii Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Hawaii through the office of the Hawaii Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Hawaii Air National Guard is headquartered at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Honolulu, under the Total Force concept, Hawaii Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Hawaii ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. It is a unit with the USAF Pacific Air Forces 15th Wing. The 154th is a wing, consisting of Air Supremacy, Airlift, Radar. 109th Air Operations Group Co-located with the 613th AOC at Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii Region Air Operations Center Located at Wheeler Army Airfield. Air defense of the Hawaiian island chain, 169th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron Stationed at Joint Surveillance System station H-01, ARSR-4 Radar, Joint-use site between HI ANG and FAA. 21°30′27″N 158°08′31″W 150th Aircraft Control and Warning Flight 169 ACWS OL-AA Located atop Mount Kokee, designated as Joint Surveillance System station H-02, AN/FPS-117v4 Radar, Joint-use site between HI ANG and FAA. 22°08′52″N 159°38′42″W The Hawaii Territory Air National Guard was formed as the 199th Fighter Squadron, the territory had been allocated the World War II 463d Fighter Squadron on 24 April, the 469th having served in China as part of Fourteenth Air Force during World War II. The 198th Fighter Squadron was bestowed the lineage, history, honors, the squadron was equipped with F-47N Thunderbolts and was operationally gained by Seventh Air Force. Its mission was the air defense of Hawaii, Bellows Field, which was attacked during the 7 December 1941 Japanese attack on Oahu, was excess after World War II ended, and it served as home for the Hawaii Air National Guard. In 1947, the costs to operate Bellows as an active Air National Guard station led the Territorial government to negotiate with the Army about its future. The Army indicated that it wanted to retain the field in a commissioned status, the Army offered the Aviation Unit of the Hawaiian National Guard joint use of the field provided all maintenance was assumed by the Guard. A settlement was reached to move the 199th to Hickam Field, other HI ANG units perform air defense radar, combat communications and air operations missions. After the September 11th,2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, also, Hawaii ANG units have been deployed overseas as part of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq as well as other locations as directed
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Idaho Army National Guard
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The Idaho Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Armys available combat forces, National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau. Idaho Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army, the same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The Idaho Guard also bestows a number of awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Idaho. The Militia Act of 1903 organized the state militias into the present National Guard system. The book Against All Enemies by Harold Coyle centers around the Idaho National Guard, Idaho State Guard Idaho Army National Guard, accessed 16 June 2007 GlobalSecurity. org Idaho Army National Guard, accessed 20 Nov 2006
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Idaho Air National Guard
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The Idaho Air National Guard is the aerial force militia of the U. S. State of Idaho. It is, along with the Idaho Army National Guard, an element of the Idaho National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Idaho Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Idaho though the office of the Idaho Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Idaho Air National Guard is headquartered in Boise, and its commander is currently Brigadier General Michael A. Nolan, under the Total Force concept, Idaho Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Idaho ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units, the Idaho Air National Guard was formed in large part by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Lanphier. Serving in the Pacific Theater Fifth Air Force during World War II and he stood up the 190th Fighter Squadron receiving federal recognition on 13 October 1946. Most of Idahos early airmen were also World War II veterans, the 190th was formed with 23 officers and 44 enlisted airmen at a small building in downtown Boise. They had nothing, no buildings, no money or equipment, receiving F-51D Mustangs, the squadron moved to Gowen Field in 1947 and has been there ever since. The initial mission of the Idaho ANG was the air defense of the state, today, the Idaho ANG performs a worldwide ground-air support mission, along with a forward air controller training mission and support for active-duty USAF training missions. After the September 11th,2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, also, Idaho ANG units have been deployed overseas as part of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq as well as other locations as directed. As a result of the attack by the 190th A-10 aircraft, British Lance-Corporal of Horse Matty Hull was killed and five of his colleagues were injured, four seriously. Idaho Wing Civil Air Patrol This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http, //www. afhra. af. mil/
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Illinois National Guard
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The Illinois National Guard comprises both Army National Guard and Air National Guard components. As of 2013, the Illinois National Guard has approximately 13,200 members, the National Guard is the only United States military force empowered to function in a state status. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal and those functions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. The National Guard may be called into service in response to a call by the President or Congress. The two components are the, Illinois Army National Guard and the Illinois Air National Guard When National Guard troops are called to federal service, the President serves as Commander-In-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed. The Governor may call individuals or units of the Illinois National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, however, there has been a significant amount of individual activations to support military operations from 2001, the legality of this policy is a major issue within the National Guard
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Illinois Army National Guard
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The Illinois Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. With the Illinois Air National Guard it is part of the Illinois National Guard, National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau. The Illinois Army National Guard is composed of approximately 10,000 soldiers, Illinois Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same ranks and insignia are used, National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The Illinois Guard also bestows a number of awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Illinois. The Illinois Army National Guard was originally formed in 1712 as a colonial French militia, a small force of Illinois militia later, captured Prairie du Chien. Following the American Civil War, the forces were reorganized under the command of Arthur C. Ducat, who became the first major general of the statewide Illinois militia, the Militia Act of 1903 organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system. The 44th Infantry Division was part of the IL ARNG from 1945/46 and it was inducted into Federal Service during the Korean War but on its release the Governor of Illinois declined to support it, citing budgetary considerations. It was thus deactivated on its release from Federal Service in December 1954, from that time, Illinois ARNG units have formed part of the 33rd, and then the 47th until November 1991. In November 1991 the 66th Infantry Brigade was reassigned to the 34th Infantry Division, later it was reassigned again to the 35th Infantry Division. For much of the decades of the twentieth century, National Guard personnel typically served One weekend a month. Around 2006, the forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit to one year of active duty for every three years of service. More specifically, United States Department of Defense policy was that no Guardsman will be activated for a total of more than 24 months in one six year enlistment period. This policy was due to change on August 1,2007, however, individual states have differing policies. The 33rd Inf Bde Combat Team served in Afghanistan in 2008-09, campaigns, Afghanistan Presidential Unit Citation,1. org Illinois Army National Guard, accessed November 20,2006
196th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade
196th Regiment (Regional Training Institute)
147th Artillery Regiment (United States)
