1.
Altamaha River
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The Altamaha River /ˈɑːltəməhɑː/ is a major river in the U. S. state of Georgia. It flows generally eastward for 137 miles from its origin at the confluence of the Oconee River and Ocmulgee River towards the Atlantic Ocean, there are no dams directly on the Altamaha, though there are some on the Oconee and the Ocmulgee. Including its tributaries, the Altamaha Rivers drainage basin is about 14,000 square miles in size and it is reportedly the third largest contributor of fresh water to the Atlantic Ocean from North America. The beginning of the Colorado River of Texas is just within New Mexico, the long Mobile-Alabama-Coosa River system, mostly in Alabama, originates a short distance within Georgia. The Altamaha River traverses an area of low population density with few significant towns or cities along its course. There are some along its tributaries, such as the fall line cities of Milledgeville on the Oconee. Centuries ago, riverboats used the Altamaha to reach those towns and the plantations founded along the rivers, which were the main transportation routes. According to the USGS, variant and historical names of the Altamaha River include A-lot-amaha, Alatahama, Alatamaha, Allamah, Frederica River, Rio Al Tama, Rio de Talaje, and Talaxe River. The 1, 759-megawatt Plant Hatch nuclear power plant sits on the bank of the Altamaha River in Appling County. The Altamaha River originates at the confluence of the Oconee River and Ocmulgee River, at its source, the Altamaha River forms the border between Jeff Davis County to the south and Montgomery County to the north. On the north side, Toombs County gives way to Tattnall County, the Big Hammock Wildlife Management Area and Big Hammock Natural Area are located along the Altamaha at the Ohoopee confluence. Big Hammock Natural Area is a National Natural Landmark site, noted for its biodiversity and many rare plant species. Below Big Hammock, the tributary Beards Creek joins the Altamaha River from the north, the Altamaha passes through Griffin Ridge Wildlife Management Area before flowing by Doctortown, near Jesup. A wide and swampy floodplain surrounds the river in this area, several miles below Doctortown Wayne County gives way to McIntosh County on the north side of the river. From this point to the mouth there are numerous wildlife management areas. The Sansaville Wildlife Management Area lies on the side of the river, while the Altamaha Wildlife Management Area lies on the north. Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuge occupies Wolf Island on the Atlantic coast, in its last several miles, the Altamaha River marks the boundary between McIntosh County on the north and Glynn County on the south. The town of Darien lies just north of the Altamaha Rivers mouth, several miles to the south lies the larger city of Brunswick
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Georgia (U.S. state)
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Georgia is a state in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1733, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies, named after King George II of Great Britain, Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2,1788. It declared its secession from the Union on January 19,1861 and it was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15,1870. Georgia is the 24th largest and the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, from 2007 to 2008,14 of Georgias counties ranked among the nations 100 fastest-growing, second only to Texas. Georgia is known as the Peach State and the Empire State of the South, Atlanta is the states capital, its most populous city and has been named a global city. Georgia is bordered to the south by Florida, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, to the west by Alabama, the states northern part is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains system. Georgias highest point is Brasstown Bald at 4,784 feet above sea level, Georgia is the largest state entirely east of the Mississippi River in land area. Before settlement by Europeans, Georgia was inhabited by the mound building cultures, the British colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe on February 12,1733. The colony was administered by the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America under a charter issued by King George II. The Trustees implemented a plan for the colonys settlement, known as the Oglethorpe Plan. In 1742 the colony was invaded by the Spanish during the War of Jenkins Ear, in 1752, after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Trustees turned over control to the crown. Georgia became a colony, with a governor appointed by the king. The Province of Georgia was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution by signing the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the State of Georgias first constitution was ratified in February 1777. Georgia was the 10th state to ratify the Articles of Confederation on July 24,1778, in 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains, which led to the Georgia Gold Rush and an established federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued its operation until 1861. The subsequent influx of white settlers put pressure on the government to land from the Cherokee Nation. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, sending many eastern Native American nations to reservations in present-day Oklahoma, including all of Georgias tribes. Despite the Supreme Courts ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that ruled U. S. states were not permitted to redraw the Indian boundaries, President Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the ruling. In 1838, his successor, Martin Van Buren, dispatched troops to gather the Cherokee
4.
Valdosta, Georgia
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Valdosta is a city in and the county seat of Lowndes County, located on the southern border of Georgia, United States. As of 2013, Valdosta has a population of 56,481. Valdosta is the city of the Valdosta Metropolitan Statistical Area. It includes part of Brooks County to the west, Valdosta is the home of Valdosta State University, a regional university in the University System of Georgia with over 10,900 students. The local public Valdosta High School has the most winning football program of any school in the United States. Valdosta is called the Azalea City, as the plant grows in profusion there, the city hosts an annual Azalea Festival in March. Valdosta was incorporated on December 7,1860, when it was designated by the legislature as the new county seat. The railroad was built to Valdosta that year, rather than Troupville, many citizens of Troupville had already relocated to Valdosta when the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad was built four miles away. On July 4,1860, the known as Satilla No.3 pulled the first train into Valdosta on the Atlantic. Valdosta is located in the plain of Georgia and has a virtually flat landscape. It was once the center of cotton growing in the United States. The county had a population well before the war with a substantial black population. The sixty miles of railway between Valdosta and Waycross were once the longest straight stretch of railroad in the world, today highways stretch through the county for miles with hardly a curve, rise, or fall. After being bypassed by the railroad and losing the county seat and it had been named after Governor George Troup, for whom Troup County, Georgia, was also named. Valdosta was named after Troups plantation, Valdosta, Troup had named it after the Valle dAosta in Italy. The name Aosta, refers to Emperor Augustus, a long-standing rumor held that the citys name meant vale of beauty. The American Civil War erupted just months after the establishment of Valdosta, during the war, Valdosta was far away from battles and became a refuge for those fleeing areas of Georgia where the war was being activelly fought. Since before the war, the American Colonization Society had supported the relocation of free blacks to Liberia, the first group from Lowndes County left in 1871, and were led by Jefferson Bracewell, the second group was led in 1872 by Aaron Miller
5.
Camden County, Georgia
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Camden County is a county located in the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Georgia. According to the 2010 Census, the population was 50,513 and its county seat is Woodbine, and the largest city is St. Marys. It is one of the counties of Georgia, created February 5,1777. The first recorded European to visit what is today Camden County was Captain Jean Ribault of France in 1562, Ribault was sent out by French Huguenots to find a suitable place for a settlement. Ribault named the rivers he saw the Seine and the Some, known today as the St. Marys, Ribault described the area as, Fairest, fruitfulest and pleasantest of all the world. In 1565, Spain became alarmed by the French settlements and sent out a force to take over. During that time, the Spaniards attempted to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism, at least two missions operated on Cumberland Island, ministering to the Timucuan people, who had resided on the island for at least four thousand years. The Spanish theoretically lost their claim to the territory in 1742 after the Battle of Bloody Marsh, however, settlement south of the Altamaha River was discouraged by both the British and Spanish governments. General Oglethorpe was at Cumberland Island when Tomochichi gave the island its name. Later, he erected a hunting lodge on Cumberland named Dungeness and he also founded Fort St. Andrews on the north end of Cumberland Island as well as a strong battery, Fort Prince Williams, on the south end. Fort Prince Williams commanded the entrance to the St. Marys River, in 1763, Spain, under a treaty of peace with Great Britain, ceded Florida to the British. After this, the boundaries of Georgia were extended from the Altamaha to the St. Marys River, in 1765, four parishes were laid out between the Altamaha and St. Marys Rivers. These were St. Davids, St. Patricks, St. James, largely due to security issues arising from proximity to powerful Indian groups and British Florida, Georgia was the last colony to join in the War for Independence in 1775. In the Georgia Constitution of 1777 St. Thomas and St. Marys Parishes were formed into Camden County, named for Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden in England, a supporter of American independence. Originally Camden County was larger and also included parts of present-day Ware, Brantley, and Charlton Counties, one of the most notorious of these raiders was Daniel McGirth. A significant loyalist faction existed in Camden County, headed by the brothers of Royal Governor James Wright, Charles and they built a fort on the St. Marys River in 1775 to protect their lands and chattel during the war after repeated attacks by patriot banditti. Wrights Fort became a rendezvous for a group of loyalists called the Florida Rangers, two skirmishes were fought by Loyalist and Continental forces over Wrights Fort, and both times American troops failed to rout the Loyalists from the area. Finally, retreating British soldiers burned it down in 1778, the Americans rebuilt it when they invaded East Florida, and then burned it down to prevent it falling into enemy hands
6.
Population
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A population is the number of all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding. In sociology, population refers to a collection of humans, Demography is a social science which entails the statistical study of human populations. This article refers mainly to human population, in population genetics a sexual population is a set of organisms in which any pair of members can breed together. This means that they can regularly exchange gametes to produce normally-fertile offspring and this also implies that all members belong to the same species. If the gamodeme is very large, and all gene alleles are uniformly distributed by the gametes within it, however, there may be low frequencies of exchange with these neighbours. This may be viewed as the breaking up of a sexual population into smaller overlapping sexual populations. The overall rise in homozygosity is quantified by the inbreeding coefficient, note that all homozygotes are increased in frequency – both the deleterious and the desirable. The mean phenotype of the collection is lower than that of the panmictic original – which is known as inbreeding depression. It is most important to note, however, that some lines will be superior to the panmictic original, while some will be about the same. The probabilities of each can be estimated from those binomial equations, in plant and animal breeding, procedures have been developed which deliberately utilise the effects of dispersion. It can be shown that dispersion-assisted selection leads to the greatest genetic advance and this is so for both allogamous and autogamous gamodemes. In ecology, the population of a species in a certain area can be estimated using the Lincoln Index. As of todays date, the population is estimated by the United States Census Bureau to be 7.496 billion. The US Census Bureau estimates the 7 billion number was surpassed on 12 March 2012, according to papers published by the United States Census Bureau, the world population hit 6.5 billion on 24 February 2006. The United Nations Population Fund designated 12 October 1999 as the day on which world population reached 6 billion. This was about 12 years after world population reached 5 billion in 1987, the population of countries such as Nigeria, is not even known to the nearest million, so there is a considerable margin of error in such estimates. Researcher Carl Haub calculated that a total of over 100 billion people have probably been born in the last 2000 years, Population growth increased significantly as the Industrial Revolution gathered pace from 1700 onwards. In 2007 the United Nations Population Division projected that the population will likely surpass 10 billion in 2055
7.
Glynn County, Georgia
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Glynn County is a county located in the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 79,626, Glynn County is part of the Brunswick, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Battle of Bloody Marsh was fought in Glynn County. James Oglethorpe built Fort Frederica which was used a base in the American Revolutionary War, Glynn Academy is the second oldest school in Georgia. Glynn County includes the most prominent of the Sea Islands of Georgia, including Jekyll Island, St. Simons Island, the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center now uses a substantial part of the former NAS as its main campus. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 585 square miles. The majority of Glynn County is located in the Cumberland-St, Simons sub-basin of the St. Marys-Satilla River basin. Most of the northern and northwestern border area is located in the Altamaha River sub-basin of the basin by the same name. The population density was 160 per square mile, there were 32,636 housing units at an average density of 77 per square mile. 2. 99% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,27. 20% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the family size was 2.95. In the county, the population was out with 25. 30% under the age of 18,8. 20% from 18 to 24,27. 60% from 25 to 44,24. 50% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 91.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.50 males, the median income for a household in the county was $38,765, and the median income for a family was $46,984. Males had an income of $34,363 versus $23,558 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,707, about 11. 60% of families and 15. 10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22. 10% of those under age 18 and 11. 90% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 79,626 people,31,774 households, the population density was 189.7 inhabitants per square mile. There were 40,716 housing units at a density of 97.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 67. 6% white,26. 0% black or African American,1. 2% Asian,0. 3% American Indian,0. 1% Pacific islander,3. 0% from other races, and 1. 8% from two or more races
8.
Charlton County, Georgia
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Charlton County is the southernmost county of the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,171, Charlton County was created from a portion of Camden County, Georgia by an act of the Georgia General Assembly on February 18,1854. The original county seat was at Traders Hill, until 1901, additional lands from Ware County, Georgia, were added to Charltons borders by an 1855 act of the General Assembly. In 1856, a legislative act redefined the Charlton–Camden borders again with each county ceding land to the other. The county is named for Robert Milledge Charlton, a U. S, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 782 square miles, of which 774 square miles is land and 8.8 square miles is water. It is the fifth-largest county by area in Georgia and it is the southernmost county in Georgia. A large portion of the county lies within the Okefenokee Swamp, the entire central and southern portion of Charlton County is located in the St. Marys sub-basin of the St. Marys-Satilla basin. The countys northeastern portion, north of Homeland, is located in the Satilla River sub-basin of the St. Marys-Satilla basin, the western portion of Charlton County is located in the Upper Suwannee River sub-basin of the larger Suwannee River basin. The population density was 13 people per square mile, there were 3,859 housing units at an average density of 5 per square mile. 0. 79% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,21. 80% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the family size was 3.20. In the county, the population was out with 27. 50% under the age of 18,10. 60% from 18 to 24,31. 70% from 25 to 44,20. 60% from 45 to 64. The median age was 33 years, for every 100 females there were 112.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.60 males, the median income for a household in the county was $27,869, and the median income for a family was $33,364. Males had an income of $26,631 versus $17,978 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,920, about 17. 80% of families and 20. 90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29. 10% of those under age 18 and 20. 40% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 12,171 people,3,927 households, the population density was 15.7 inhabitants per square mile. There were 4,475 housing units at a density of 5.8 per square mile
9.
Wayne County, Georgia
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Wayne County is a county located in the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 30,099, Wayne County comprises the Jesup, Georgia Micropolitan Statistical Area. At the time of European contact, the area of what would become Wayne County was settled by the Guale people, the flags of France, Spain, England, and the Confederate States of America all flew over Wayne with little success. Seventy years after General James Oglethorpe settled the colony of Georgia and 27 years after that became one of the 13 original states. The county was named for Mad Anthony Wayne whose military career had him a well-known hero. When he surprised the British garrison at Stony Point on July 15,1779, as originally laid out, the new county – the 28th Georgia county – was a long narrow strip of land approximately 100 miles in length but with varying measures of width along the way. It was six miles as it stood just south of the Altamaha River, eight miles wide near the Satilla, all counties organized prior to 1802 were headright counties – no surveys were ever made of those counties. It was found that under the system more land was given away than actually existed. Although created in 1803, no valid lottery was done for the county until the Land Lottery Act of 1805. The 1805 Act divided the half million acres of Wayne County, formed the Tallassee Strip and it is the second date, December 7,1805, that the county chose to observe as the creation date. The area was not a one for lottery draws as the straws were drawn sight unseen. The county was slow in developing and those in the area were in no hurry to be concerned with matters governmental, court was to be held at the house of a Captain William Clements until a site was selected. In December 1823, the General Assembly appointed another board of commissioners to establish a county seat, the first post office in Wayne County was established at Tuckersville, sometimes seen as Tuckerville, on January 29,1814. Tuckersville acted as the county seat until Waynesville was so designated, john Tucker was the first postmaster and his service was followed by William A. Knight and Robert Stafford, Jr. before the service was discontinued in 1827. Tuckersville disappears from most maps by 1850 and its exact location remains a mystery although it is known it was 9 miles north of Waynesville on the Post Road near the ford of Buffalo Swamp. The intersection of Mount Pleasant Road and 10 Mile Road is a possible location and it was not until December 1829, that legislative action created a county seat. Waynesville was the site of Wayne Countys first school, which was called Mineral Springs Academy and it was named for the famous mineral springs which were a short distance east of the residential section of the town
10.
Brantley County, Georgia
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Brantley County is a county located in the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,411, Brantley County is part of the Brunswick, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area. Georgia voters passed a constitutional amendment on November 2,1920, to form Brantley County from pieces of Charlton, Pierce. The younger Brantley served as a representative, state senator. Since the Okefenokee Swamp is to the south and west of the county, fort McIntosh was built in the early years of the American Revolutionary War to protect the extensive herds of cattle. It was placed under siege from Tories in 1777 and eventually surrendered, fort Mudge was built in the county at about the same time. This fort was immortalized by Walt Kelly in the Pogo comic strip, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 447 square miles, of which 442 square miles is land and 4.8 square miles is water. The Satilla River runs through Brantley County, the bulk of Brantley County, from east of Hortense south to west of Waynesville and west to east of Waycross, is located in the Satilla River sub-basin of the St. Marys-Satilla basin. The countys eastern area, east of Waynesville, is located in the Cumberland-St. Simons sub-basin of the St. Marys-Satilla River basin, the population density was 33 people per square mile. There were 6,490 housing units at a density of 15 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 94. 36% White,3. 98% Black or African American,0. 14% Native American,0. 09% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 35% from other races, and 1. 08% from two or more races. 1. 04% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,20. 40% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the family size was 3.06. In the county, the population was out with 28. 30% under the age of 18,8. 50% from 18 to 24,29. 90% from 25 to 44,23. 20% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 100.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.10 males, the median income for a household in the county was $30,361, and the median income for a family was $35,534. Males had an income of $29,269 versus $20,709 for females
