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History
Spanish Civil War
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The Spanish Civil War was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic, and consisted of various socialist, communist, separatist, anarchist, and republican parties, some of which had opposed the government in the pre-war period. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and traditionalists led by a military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international political climate at the time, the war had many facets and was variously viewed as class struggle, a religious struggle, a struggle between dictatorship and republican democracy, between revolution and counterrevolution, and between fascism and communism. According to Claude Bowers, U.S. ambassador to Spain during the war, it was the "dress rehearsal" for World War II. The Nationalists won the war, which ended in early 1939, and ruled Spain until Franco's death in November 1975.
On 12 April 1931, the Republicans won the elections and the Spanish Second Republic was proclaimed two days later. King Alfonso XIII went into exile.
On 12 April 1931, the Republicans won the elections and the Spanish Second Republic was proclaimed two days later. King Alfonso XIII went into exile.
General Emilio Mola was the chief planner of the coup.
General Emilio Mola was the chief planner of the coup.
Casares Quiroga was the prime minister of Spain on the last two months leading up to the coup.
Casares Quiroga was the prime minister of Spain on the last two months leading up to the coup.
The murder of prominent parliamentary conservative José Calvo Sotelo was a major catalyst for the coup.
The murder of prominent parliamentary conservative José Calvo Sotelo was a major catalyst for the coup.
Second Spanish Republic
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The Spanish Republic, commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic, was the form of government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931 after the deposition of King Alfonso XIII. It was dissolved on 1 April 1939 after surrendering in the Spanish Civil War to the Nationalists led by General Francisco Franco.
Allegory of the Spanish Republic, displaying republican symbolism such as the Phrygian cap and the motto Libertad, Igualdad, Fraternidad
Allegory of the Spanish Republic, displaying republican symbolism such as the Phrygian cap and the motto Libertad, Igualdad, Fraternidad
Workers arrested by the Guardia Civil and Guardia de Asalto during the Asturian miners' strike of 1934
Workers arrested by the Guardia Civil and Guardia de Asalto during the Asturian miners' strike of 1934
Column of Guardias Civiles during the 1934 Asturian Revolution, Brañosera
Column of Guardias Civiles during the 1934 Asturian Revolution, Brañosera
Calvo Sotelo dressed in the uniform of the Cuerpo de Abogados del Estado.
Calvo Sotelo dressed in the uniform of the Cuerpo de Abogados del Estado.