In cognitive psychology and neuroscience, spatial memory is a form of memory responsible for the recording and recovery of information needed to plan a course to a location and to recall the location of an object or the occurrence of an event. Spatial memory is necessary for orientation in space. Spatial memory can also be divided into egocentric and allocentric spatial memory. A person's spatial memory is required to navigate around a familiar city. A rat's spatial memory is needed to learn the location of food at the end of a maze. In both humans and animals, spatial memories are summarized as a cognitive map.
Spatial memory is required to navigate through an environment.
Yellow taxi cabs in New York city
Simple Radial Maze
Example of a hand held GPS
Corvidae is a cosmopolitan family of oscine passerine birds that contains the crows, ravens, rooks, magpies, jackdaws, jays, treepies, choughs, and nutcrackers. In colloquial English, they are known as the crow family or corvids. Currently, 135 species are included in this family. The genus Corvus containing 47 species makes up over a third of the entire family. Corvids (ravens) are the largest passerines.
Corvidae
Crested jayshrikes were thought to be in this family, but may be a type of helmetshrike instead.
Skeleton of American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) on display at the Museum of Osteology.
Corvids are highly opportunistic foragers. Here, a jungle crow feeds on a shark carcass.