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Speciation
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Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as oppo
African pygmy kingfisher, showing coloration shared by all adults of that species to a high degree of fidelity.
African pygmy kingfisher, showing coloration shared by all adults of that species to a high degree of fidelity.
Cichlids such as Haplochromis nyererei diversified by sympatric speciation in the Rift Valley lakes.
Cichlids such as Haplochromis nyererei diversified by sympatric speciation in the Rift Valley lakes.
Rhagoletis pomonella, the hawthorn fly, appears to be in the process of sympatric speciation.
Rhagoletis pomonella, the hawthorn fly, appears to be in the process of sympatric speciation.
Gaur (Indian bison) can interbreed with domestic cattle.
Gaur (Indian bison) can interbreed with domestic cattle.
Population bottleneck
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A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events such as famines, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts; or human
Speciation
…are prevented from exchanging genes with the main population. It is related to the concept of a founder effect, since small populations often undergo bottlenecks. Genetic drift is often proposed to play a significant role in peripatric speciation. Case studies include Ernst Mayr's investigation of bird fauna…
How a natural disaster leads to a reduction in genetic diversity in the population due to a drastic reduction in size.
How a natural disaster leads to a reduction in genetic diversity in the population due to a drastic reduction in size.
Homo heidelbergensis may have evolved from Homo ergaster following an intense population bottleneck 800–900,000 years ago.
Homo heidelbergensis may have evolved from Homo ergaster following an intense population bottleneck 800–900,000 years ago.
Overhunting pushed the northern elephant seal to the brink of extinction by the late 19th century. Although they have made a comeback, the genetic var
Overhunting pushed the northern elephant seal to the brink of extinction by the late 19th century. Although they have made a comeback, the genetic variation within the population remains very low.