Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A computer system used for this purpose is called a speech synthesizer, and can be implemented in software or hardware products. A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts normal language text into speech; other systems render symbolic linguistic representations like phonetic transcriptions into speech. The reverse process is speech recognition.
Computer and speech synthesizer housing used by Stephen Hawking in 1999
Fidelity Voice Chess Challenger (1979), the first talking chess computer
A speech synthesis kit produced by Bell System
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous people to use a speech computer to communicate.
Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein
Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein was a German-born doctor, physicist and engineer. From 1753 to the end of his life he was a professor at the University of Copenhagen where he served as rector four times. He is especially known for his investigations of the use of electricity in medicine and the first attempts at mechanical speech synthesis. As a teacher he wrote the first textbook on experimental physics in the united kingdom of Denmark-Norway.
Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein. Copper etching based on drawing by Paul Ipsen, 1781.
Kratzenstein, copper etching based by Jonas Haas, 1758.
Two free reeds used in a harmonium.