1.
Benjamin Spock
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Benjamin McLane Spock was an American pediatrician whose book Baby and Child Care, published in 1946, is one of the best-sellers of all time. The books premise to mothers is that you know more than you think you do, Spock was the first pediatrician to study psychoanalysis to try to understand childrens needs and family dynamics. His ideas about childcare influenced several generations of parents to be flexible and affectionate with their children. However, they were widely criticized by colleagues for relying too heavily on anecdotal evidence rather than serious academic research. In addition to his work, Spock was an activist in the New Left and anti Vietnam War movements during the 1960s. Spock also won an Olympic gold medal in rowing in 1924 while attending Yale University and his name came from Dutch ancestry, they originally spelled the name Spaak before migrating to the former colony of New Netherland. As the eldest of six children, Spock helped take care of his siblings in various ways, as did his father before him, Spock attended Phillips Andover Academy and Yale University. Spock studied literature and history at Yale, and also was active in athletics, at Yale, he was inducted into the senior society Scroll and Key. He attended the Yale School of Medicine for two years before shifting to Columbia Universitys College of Physicians and Surgeons, from which he graduated first in his class in 1929, by that time, he had married Jane Cheney. The book has more than 50 million copies in 42 languages. Jane Cheney Spock was a civil liberties advocate and mother of two sons and she was born in Manchester, Connecticut, and attended Bryn Mawr College. She was active in Americans for Democratic Action, the American Civil Liberties Union, after their divorce in 1976, she organized and ran support groups for older divorced women. In 1976, Spock married Mary Morgan, who had formerly arranged speeches and they built a home in Esculapia Hollow, Arkansas, on Beaver lake, where Spock and Morgan would row in Olympic training rowing shells early in the morning. Mary quickly adapted to Spocks life of travel and political activism and she was arrested with him many times for civil disobedience. Once they were arrested in Washington, D. C. for praying on the White House lawn, when arrested, Morgan was strip searched, Spock was not. She sued the jail and the mayor of Washington, D. C. for sex discrimination, the American Civil Liberties Union took the case, and won. Morgan also introduced Spock to massage, yoga, and a diet, and meditation. Mary scheduled his speaking dates and handled the legal agreements for Baby and Child Care for the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and she continues to publish the book with the help of co-author Robert Needlman
2.
Star Trek
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Star Trek is an American science fiction media franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called Star Trek and now referred to as The Original Series, debuted in 1966 and it followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk and his crew aboard the starship USS Enterprise, an exploration vessel. The Star Trek canon of the franchise include The Original Series, a series, four spin-off television series, its film franchise. In creating Star Trek, Roddenberry was inspired by the Horatio Hornblower novels, the satirical book Gullivers Travels and these adventures continued in the short-lived Star Trek, The Animated Series and six feature films. The adventures of The Next Generation crew continued in four feature films. In 2009, the franchise underwent a reboot set in an alternate timeline, or Kelvin Timeline. This film featured a new cast portraying younger versions of the crew from the show, their adventures were continued in the sequel film. The thirteenth film feature and sequel, Star Trek Beyond, was released to coincide with the franchises 50th anniversary, a new Star Trek TV series, titled Star Trek, Discovery, will premiere in May 2017 on the digital platform CBS All Access. Star Trek has been a phenomenon for decades. Fans of the franchise are called Trekkies or Trekkers, the franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games, figurines, novels, toys, and comics. Star Trek had an attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998. At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world, the series has its own full-fledged constructed language, Klingon. Several parodies have been made of Star Trek, in addition, viewers have produced several fan productions. As of July 2016, the franchise had generated $10 billion in revenue, Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction. The franchise is also noted for its civil rights stances. The Original Series included one of televisions first multiracial casts, Star Trek references can be found throughout popular culture from movies such as the submarine thriller Crimson Tide to the animated series South Park. As early as 1964, Gene Roddenberry drafted a proposal for the series that would become Star Trek
3.
Leonard Nimoy
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Leonard Simon Nimoy was an American actor, film director, photographer, author, singer and songwriter. He was known for his role as Spock of the Star Trek franchise, foreshadowing his fame as a semi-alien, he played Narab, one of three Martian invaders, in the 1952 movie serial Zombies of the Stratosphere. The character has had a significant cultural impact and garnered Nimoy three Emmy Award nominations, TV Guide named Spock one of the 50 greatest TV characters. After the original Star Trek series, Nimoy starred in Mission, narrated Civilization IV, and made several well-received stage appearances. He also had a role in the science fiction series Fringe. Nimoys public profile as Spock was so strong that both of his autobiographies, I Am Not Spock and I Am Spock, were written from the viewpoint of sharing his existence with the character, in 2015 an asteroid was named 4864 Nimoy in his honor. In September 2016, For the Love of Spock, a documentary that covered his life. Leonard Simon Nimoy was born on March 26,1931, in the West End of Boston, Massachusetts and they reunited after arriving in the United States. His mother, Dora, was a homemaker, and his father, Max Nimoy and he had an elder brother, Melvin. He also began acting at the age of eight in a childrens, Nimoy also realized he had an aptitude for singing, which he developed while a member of his synagogues choir. His singing during his bar mitzvah at age 13 was so good that he was asked to repeat his performance the week at another synagogue. He is still the only man I know whose voice was two bar mitzvahs good and his first major role was at 17, as Ralphie in an amateur production of Clifford Odets Awake and Sing. Which dealt with the struggles of a matriarchal Jewish family similar to his during the Great Depression, playing this teenage kid in this Jewish family that was so much like mine was amazing, he said. The same dynamics, the tensions in the household. The role lit a passion that led him to pursue an acting career, I never wanted to do anything else. Shatner notes that Nimoy also worked on radio shows for children, often voice acting Bible stories, adding, Obviously. Many years later as Captain Kirk, I would be busy rescuing civilizations in distress on distant planets while Leonards Mr. Spock would be examining the morality of man– and alienkind. Nimoy took drama classes at Boston College, and after moving to Los Angeles and he took method actor Marlon Brando as a role model, and like him, wore jeans and T-shirt
4.
Zachary Quinto
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Zachary John Quinto is an American actor and film producer. He also appeared in roles on television series such as So NoTORIous, The Slap. Quinto was born in Pittsburgh, and grew up in Green Tree and he attended Saints Simon and Jude Catholic School. His mother, Margaret J. Margo, worked at an investment firm and his father, Joseph John Joe Quinto, a barber, died of cancer when Quinto was seven years old. Quinto and his brother, Joe, were raised by their mother. His father was of Italian descent, while his mother is of Irish ancestry. A, in 2006, Quinto played the role of Sasan, the haughty, gay Iranian-American best friend of Tori Spelling on her VH1 series So NoTORIous. Later that year, he joined the cast of Heroes as Gabriel Gray and he worked on the series until its cancellation in 2010 after four seasons. His casting as a young Spock in the J. J, abrams-directed reboot of the Star Trek film franchise was officially announced at the 2007 Comic-Con. Speaking alongside Leonard Nimoy at a conference to promote the new Star Trek film. For me Leonards involvement was only liberating, frankly, says Quinto, I knew that he had approval over the actor that would play young Spock, so when I got the role I knew from the beginning it was with his blessing. The revelation for me watching the movie, when I finally got to watch the whole thing after working on sequences, was that he is extraordinary and he was doing things I didnt even realize while we were shooting – these amazing things to track his story. After Star Trek, he appeared in the comedy short Boutonniere and it. was a movie written and directed by my former landlady and friend. She called up and said, Would you do me a favor, in 2008, Quinto joined with Corey Moosa and Neal Dodson to form Before the Door Pictures. The company has projects in film, television, new media, Quinto also starred in several comedy shorts. He played a strangely lovable kidnapper in Hostage, A Love Story, written by the comedy duo HoltandSteele, for Before the Door and FunnyorDie. He also played a prospective dog adopter in Dog Eat Dog, written and directed by Sian Heder, and premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival in 2012. From October 2010 to February 2011, Quinto played the role of Louis Ironson in an Off-Broadway revival of Tony Kushners Angels in America at the Signature Theatre. For this role, Quinto received the Theatreworld Outstanding Debut Performance award, in 2013, Quinto played the role of Tom Wingfield in the American Repertory Theatres production of The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams
5.
Carl Steven
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Carlo Steven Krakoff, professionally known as Carl Steven, was an American former child actor and voice actor. He was a native of Glendale, California, as a boy, he appeared in a number of television series and films, with recurring roles on Webster, Punky Brewster, Out of This World, and Weird Science. Steven also appeared in Star Trek III, The Search for Spock as a young Spock and he provided the voice of a young Fred Jones for four seasons on the Hanna-Barbera animated series A Pup Named Scooby-Doo, the first actor besides Frank Welker to do so. As an adult, Steven retired from acting and he became addicted to prescription medications after a tonsillectomy, and stole to support his addiction. Steven was sentenced to 13 years in prison for armed robbery in 2010 and he was married to Dawn Krakoff from 1998 until his death in 2011. Steven died on July 31,2011, at the age of 36, of an overdose while in prison in Tucson. Carl Steven at the Internet Movie Database
6.
Ethan Peck
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Ethan Gregory Peck is an American actor. He is best known for his work in the ABC Family series 10 Things I Hate About You, where he portrayed Patrick Verona, Peck is the grandson of actor Gregory Peck, and his first wife, Finnish-born Greta Kukkonen. Peck had many television appearances as a young actor, including playing a younger Michael Kelso in 2 episodes of That 70s Show. In his first film role, he co-starred in the cable film Marshal Law playing Jimmy Smits son and he appeared in the 1999 movie Passport to Paris starring Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen. More recently, Peck starred opposite Adam Rothenberg and Mariah Carey in the 2008 film Tennessee and that was followed with a co-starring role opposite Peter Coyote and Bebe Neuwirth in the film Adopt a Sailor. He received the Best Actor award at the 2009 Sonoma International Film Festival for his portrayal of Sailor, from 2009 to 2010, he starred on the television series 10 Things I Hate About You on ABC Family. In 2012 Peck played Prince Maxon for the adaptation of popular book The Selection. Neither the first or second pilot was picked up to go to series, born and raised in Los Angeles, Peck attended private schools in North Hollywood. He excelled in athletics and learned to play classical cello, Peck is the grandson of Gregory Peck and the son of Stephen Peck, and abstract artist Francine Matarazzo. He has one sister, Marisa Matarazzo, who is a fiction writer, after high school, Peck attended the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, enrolling in the Experimental Theater Wing for 3 years, before leaving to further his growing acting career. Ethan Peck at the Internet Movie Database
7.
Sarek
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Sarek /ˈsærɛk/ is a fictional character in the Star Trek media franchise. He is a Vulcan astrophysicist, the Vulcan ambassador to the United Federation of Planets, the character was originated by Mark Lenard in the 1967 episode Journey to Babel. Lenard previously portrayed a Romulan Commander in another episode of the original series, actor Jonathan Simpson played a younger Sarek in a brief scene in Star Trek V, The Final Frontier, with voice-over provided by Lenard. Ben Cross portrayed Sarek in the 2009 motion picture Star Trek, James Frain will play Sarek in the new TV series Star Trek, Discovery. The character appears in the original Star Trek series, the series, four Star Trek movies. He is the son of Skon of Vulcan and the grandson of Solkar, Sarek was married twice, and had two sons. Prior to his first marriage, he had a relationship with the Vulcan priestess, TRea, which produced Sareks first son Sybok, Sarek later married Amanda Grayson, a native of the planet Earth. After Amandas death, Sarek married Perrin, also human, who survived his death, Sarek and Perrin had no children. Sareks second son, Spock, entered Starfleet Academy, Sarek opposed the decision, and the two were estranged for 18 years. Following an Enterprise mission where Spock helped save Sareks life, father, in Star Trek III, The Search for Spock, Sarek asks Kirk to bring Spocks body back along with his katra, or living essence, to Vulcan. Sarek later confronts Kirk at his apartment, thinking that Spock placed his katra into Kirks mind, unknown to either Sarek or Kirk, Spock had actually placed his katra in the mind of his friend Leonard McCoy for safekeeping. Kirk later discovers this through the security tapes during the last moments of Spocks life in his fight to save the Enterprise from Khan and promised Sarek to bring both men to Vulcan. The Genesis Device regenerates Spocks body and restores his life, Kirk and his crew manage to get Spock off the planet, there, Sarek asks the priestess TLar to perform a fal-tor-pan, reuniting Spocks mind and body. Sarek thanks Kirk for the rescue of Spock, which place at the expense of the destruction of the Enterprise. Kirk admitted if he did not try to save Spock, he would have faced a deeper guilt in his soul, Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home begins with Kirk, Spock, and the rest of the Enterprise crew still in exile on Vulcan. Sarek travels to Earth to speak on behalf of Kirk, and is trapped on the planet when Earth is threatened by destruction by an alien probe. After Kirk and his return and save Earth, and are largely exonerated at their subsequent trial. Sarek states that he is pleased with Spock, and admits that he was wrong in opposing Spocks induction into Starfleet, Spocks ongoing conflict between emotion and logic is countered by his parents, a seemingly loving and devoted couple
8.
Vulcan (Star Trek)
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Vulcans are a fictional extraterrestrial humanoid species in the Star Trek franchise who originate from the planet Vulcan. In the various Star Trek television series and movies, they are noted for their attempt to live by logic and they were the first extraterrestrial species in the Star Trek universe to observe first contact protocol with humans. Vulcans are depicted as similar in appearance to humans, the main physical differences are their eyebrows and ears, the former are arched and upswept, while the latter feature pinnae that taper to a point at the top. The ears have been the subject of jokes on many occasions, Vulcans have been portrayed as various races. Most caucasoid-like Vulcans typically appear with a greenish hue to their skin, due to Vulcans copper-based blood. Other features described include an inner eyelid, or nictitating membrane, which protects their vision from bright lights, Vulcans are vegetarians by choice and were omnivores in ages past. Vulcans are repeatedly stated to be herbivorous in the TAS episode The Slaver Weapon, Vulcans do not like to touch their food with their hands, preferring to use utensils whenever possible. It is a Vulcan custom for guests in the home to prepare meals for their hosts, Vulcans are said to not drink alcohol, though they are depicted indulging on special occasions or as a storyline warrants. In the Star Trek, Voyager episode Repression, humans and Vulcans are shown drinking a Vulcan alcoholic drink called Vulcan Brandy, in Star Trek, First Contact, when the Vulcans first meet Zefram Cochrane, Cochrane serves them alcoholic beverages, which they take in lieu of dancing. In non-canon Trek-related literature, such as the novelization of Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home, There are references to Vulcans becoming inebriated by ingesting chocolate. The novelization of Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home also shows Spock reacting almost as if drunk to the ingestion of sucrose, or common table sugar and he tells Kirk that it has the same effect on Vulcans as alcohol does on humans. Once triggered, a Vulcan must have intercourse with someone. If this is not possible, meditation may be used to stabilize their chemical imbalances and help them cope, in the event that neither of these solutions can be achieved, the Vulcan will face insanity, loss of self-control, and death. If a mate is not available, there are ways to relieve the effects of the pon farr. The first is meditation, by means of which the Vulcan must overcome the urge to mate through mental discipline and this is seen in the Voyager episode Blood Fever, when BElanna Torres and Ensign Vorik fight in the traditional Vulcan manner. The violence ends the pon farr, the other option is extreme shock, in the TOS episode Amok Time, Spock believed he had killed James T. Kirk, his best friend, thus providing sufficient shock to nullify the effects of pon farr. When he experienced pon farr, Tuvok of the USS Voyager made use of a simulation of a temporary mate that resembled his wife. Infection is another mechanism writers have used to induce pon farr in Vulcan characters, likewise in the film Star Trek III, The Search for Spock, the regenerated adolescent Spock went through at least two pon farr episodes at accelerated speed
9.
Human
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Modern humans are the only extant members of Hominina tribe, a branch of the tribe Hominini belonging to the family of great apes. Several of these hominins used fire, occupied much of Eurasia and they began to exhibit evidence of behavioral modernity around 50,000 years ago. In several waves of migration, anatomically modern humans ventured out of Africa, the spread of humans and their large and increasing population has had a profound impact on large areas of the environment and millions of native species worldwide. Humans are uniquely adept at utilizing systems of communication for self-expression and the exchange of ideas. Humans create complex structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families. Social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, and rituals. These human societies subsequently expanded in size, establishing various forms of government, religion, today the global human population is estimated by the United Nations to be near 7.5 billion. In common usage, the word generally refers to the only extant species of the genus Homo—anatomically and behaviorally modern Homo sapiens. In scientific terms, the meanings of hominid and hominin have changed during the recent decades with advances in the discovery, there is also a distinction between anatomically modern humans and Archaic Homo sapiens, the earliest fossil members of the species. The English adjective human is a Middle English loanword from Old French humain, ultimately from Latin hūmānus, the words use as a noun dates to the 16th century. The native English term man can refer to the species generally, the species binomial Homo sapiens was coined by Carl Linnaeus in his 18th century work Systema Naturae. The generic name Homo is a learned 18th century derivation from Latin homō man, the species-name sapiens means wise or sapient. Note that the Latin word homo refers to humans of either gender, the genus Homo evolved and diverged from other hominins in Africa, after the human clade split from the chimpanzee lineage of the hominids branch of the primates. The closest living relatives of humans are chimpanzees and gorillas, with the sequencing of both the human and chimpanzee genome, current estimates of similarity between human and chimpanzee DNA sequences range between 95% and 99%. The gibbons and orangutans were the first groups to split from the leading to the humans. The splitting date between human and chimpanzee lineages is placed around 4–8 million years ago during the late Miocene epoch, during this split, chromosome 2 was formed from two other chromosomes, leaving humans with only 23 pairs of chromosomes, compared to 24 for the other apes. There is little evidence for the divergence of the gorilla, chimpanzee. Each of these species has been argued to be an ancestor of later hominins
10.
Starfleet
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Starfleet is a fictional organization in the Star Trek media franchise. While the majority of Starfleets members are human and it is headquartered on Earth, hundreds of species are also represented. During production of episodes of the original series, several details of the makeup of the Star Trek universe had yet to be worked out. However, references to the United Earth Space Probe Agency, for example, the Friendship One probe is marked with the letters UESPA-1 in the Star Trek, Voyager episode Friendship One. Other background props included additional UESPA references, such as Captain Jean-Luc Picards family album in Star Trek Generations, during the production of Star Trek, Enterprise, some larger Starfleet insignia designs included the name United Earth Space Probe Agency. However, the Starfleet that is in existence before the Federation is a different organization than that of the Federation Starfleet, Starfleet acts under a Prime Directive of non-interference with developing worlds or their internal politics. The Prime Directive and Starfleets first-contact policies are at the center of several episodes in each Star Trek series, Starfleet Headquarters is shown to be located on Earth, northeast of the Golden Gate Bridge in the present-day Fort Baker area. Starfleet Academy is located in the general area. Additionally, various episodes show Starfleet operating a series of starbases throughout Federation territory, as ground facilities, the flagship of Starfleet is often considered to be the starship USS Enterprise. Starfleet has many components, including the following, As early as the original Star Trek, later series establish it as an officer training facility with a four-year educational program. The main campus is located near Starfleet Headquarters in what is now Fort Baker, Starfleet Command is the headquarters/command center of Starfleet. The term Starfleet Command is first used in TOS episode Court Martial and its headquarters are depicted as being in Fort Baker, across the Golden Gate from San Francisco, in Star Trek, The Motion Picture and Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home. Overlooking the Command from the side of the Golden Gate is the permanent site of the Council of the United Federation of Planets in what is now the Presidio of San Francisco. StarTrek. com notes that many of Starfleets ships are built on Mare Island near San Francisco, the Enterprise-D and USS Voyager are depicted to have been constructed at a shipyard named Utopia Planitia in Mars orbit. The Utopia Planitia served as Starfleets main ship yards throughout a portion of Starfleets existence. After the Enterprise-D encountered the Borg in the episode Q Who the size of the Utopia Planitia shipyards was doubled out of fear of a Borg strike and they were once again doubled after the Dominion threat became more evident. In the 2013 sequel, Montgomery Scotty Scott discovers a covert Starfleet facility, near Jupiter, as one minion of the Dominion in the Star Trek, DS9 episode, Rocks and Shoals notes, Starfleet engineers are reputed to be able to Turn rocks into replicators. Additionally, Pocket Books has published a series of eBooks and novels in the Starfleet Corps of Engineers series, Starfleet Intelligence is an intelligence agency of the United Federation of Planets
11.
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)
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USS Enterprise is a starship in the fictional Star Trek universe, depicted in four network television series, six feature films, and countless books and fan-created media. The ships design formed the basis for one of sci-fis most iconic images, though the ship has gone over many changes over the course of its television, a refit version of NCC-1701 appears in the first three Star Trek films. The 2009 Star Trek film, which place in an alternate timeline. The original starship was destroyed in Star Trek III, The Search for Spock, Star Trek art director Matt Jefferies was the primary designer of the original Enterprise, which was originally named Yorktown in series creator Gene Roddenberrys first outline drafts of the series. Jefferies experience with aviation led to his Enterprise designs being imbued with what he called aircraft logic, the ships NCC-1701 registry number stemmed from NC being one of the international aircraft registration codes assigned to the United States, the second C was added for differentiation. According to The Making of Star Trek, NCC is the Starfleet abbreviation for Naval Construction Contract, the 1701 was chosen to avoid any possible ambiguity, according to Jefferies, the numbers 3,6,8, and 9 are too easily confused. Other sources cite it as a reference to the house across the street from where Roddenberry grew up, Jefferies own sketches provide the explanation that it was his 17th cruiser design with the first serial number of that series,1701. The Making of Star Trek explains that USS should mean United Space Ship, however, the decals included with the AMT USS Enterprise model kit permitted the builder to customize the ship as any of the twelve starships in the class. As the lowest hull number is NCC-1700, USS Constitution, it is accepted that Constitution is the class leader. The first miniature built for the pilot episode The Cage was unlit and approximately 33 inches long, initially, the models were static and had no electronics. For the second pilot, Where No Man Has Gone Before, various details of the 11-foot model were altered, when the series was picked up and went into production, the model was altered yet again. Save for re-used footage from the two episodes, this was the appearance of the ship throughout the series, except for some detail added to nacelles for shots used in The Trouble with Tribbles. Two small models were made for the episode Catspaw, one embedded in a block of lucite. Greg Jein created a model of the original Enterprise for the Star Trek, Deep Space Nine episode Trials, jeins model was built to be exactly half the size of the larger of the two original models, and later appeared in the 1998 Star Trek wall calendar. The refit Enterprise that appears in the first three Star Trek films was designed by Richard Taylor, the ship was based on conceptual sketches done by Jeffries for the scrapped Star Trek, Phase II TV series. The 8-foot model was re-used as the USS Enterprise-A in the fourth, fifth, foundation Imaging created a CGI model of the ship for the Directors Edition release of Star Trek, The Motion Picture to add footage envisioned but never shot by director Robert Wise. Enterprise was redesigned for the 2009 Star Trek film, director J. J. Abrams wanted Enterprise to have a hot rod look while retaining the traditional shape, but otherwise afforded Industrial Light & Magic tremendous leeway in creating the ship. Perhaps the most notable change was in the engine cells
12.
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-A)
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USS Enterprise is a starship in the fourth, fifth, sixth films of the Roddenberry era and later in the alternative timeline film Star Trek Beyond. Enterprise-A used the shooting model as the preceding NCC-1701. When first unveiled in the sequences of Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home. On October 5–7,2006, Christies auctioned off many of the used in the Star Trek films. In that auction the model of Enterprise-A used for the films was sold for $240,000, the Constitution-class starship Enterprise-A was commissioned in 2286, at the end of the events depicted in Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home. It is the second Federation starship to carry the name Enterprise, the ship is placed under the command of newly demoted Captain James T. Kirk as punishment for his and his crews actions in the rescue of Captain Spock in Star Trek III and it replaces the original Enterprise, destroyed in Star Trek III. In Star Trek V, The Final Frontier, the ship is dispatched to rescue hostages on Nimbus III. The Vulcan renegade Sybok and his followers hijack the ship and take it to a planet at the center of the galaxy, several novels and comics explore the six-year period between the fifth and sixth films. In Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country, Enterprise escorts Klingon chancellor Gorkon to a summit on Earth. The renegade Klingon general Chang, assisted by traitors aboard Enterprise, the Klingons take Kirk and Leonard McCoy prisoner, Spock and Enterprise crew disregard Starfleet orders and instead rescue Kirk and McCoy. Enterprise encounters and, with aid from USS Excelsior, destroys Changs ship, the film concludes with Starfleet ordering a return to Spacedock to be decommissioned, an order which Kirk and the crew gleefully disregard. There is no information about the ships fate beyond Star Trek VI. In the epilogue of Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country, however, she may have been speaking only of the ships original crew members as Captain James T. Documentation provided with the Bandai model states that the ship was displayed in the Starfleet Museum at Memory Alpha, ultimately, Enterprise is destroyed to prevent Drakes completion of a disastrous personal agenda. Enterprise was already under construction at the time of its predecessors arrival at Star base Yorktown, following the destruction of its predecessor, its crew was reassigned to the NCC-1701-A after its completion. A new design for Enterprise NCC-1701-A appears in Star Trek Beyond, USS Enterprise at Memory Alpha USS Enterprise at Memory Alpha
13.
Star Trek uniforms
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Star Trek uniforms are worn by crew members in the Star Trek science fiction franchise. Though design varied among the successive costume designers, the uniforms costumes, costumes were re-designed to improve appearance when filmed and to improve the comfort for actors. Deliberately mixing styles of uniforms from the series was occasionally used to enhance the sense of time travel or alternative universes. The rank system of the Star Trek universe resembles that of the United States Navy, in later television series, ranks are indicated by varying numbers of pips or bars on the individuals uniform collars. The insignia are worn on the left breast by all personnel, originally gold with a black border, but the shape differed based on the ship or base to which the person was assigned as seen in TOS episodes Court Martial, The Doomsday Machine, etc. In the case of the Enterprise, the insignia was a delta or arrowhead shape, in the second pilot, the science/medical and engineering/operations symbols were reversed, and there were other slight variations between the insignia as used in the pilots and in the regular series. A rank of captain is mentioned in two episodes, but no insignia are shown. The original uniform designs were the product of designer William Ware Theiss, the original series uniforms consisted of a colored top and dark pants, with significant variations between the designs used in the pilot episodes and the rest of the series. The original concept used a heavy, ribbed turtle neck collar of the color as the tunic for the men, with a cowl neck variation for the women. Officers in the first Star Trek pilot, The Cage, wear a single gold stripe, with only the officer grades lieutenant. A chief is also wearing a different sleeve stripe. Characters addressed as crewman wear no sleeve insignia, in the first pilot, the uniforms also include gray coats with silver rank stripes on the sleeves, worn on away missions and identical for men and women, and an optional gray cap. In the second episode, Where No Man Has Gone Before, most officers again wear a single stripe. The crew wore a triangular assignment patch that identified them as being with the USS Enterprise, personnel from other Starfleet vessels or Starfleet Command wore different assignment patches. Certain operations and engineering personnel wore red jumpsuits with black undershirts, the frequent death of red-uniformed security officers led to the coining of the popular term redshirt. The most commonly used command division shirts were actually green but appeared gold under the lights used on the set, in later series, the gold color was canonized in dialog. The green tunics may have the stripes on the sleeves or on the collar. The differently colored tunics were worn with dark gray trousers — which appeared black on camera — for the men, miniskirt length dresses with dark tights were worn by the women
14.
Star Trek: The Original Series
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Star Trek is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry that follows the adventures of the starship USS Enterprise and its crew. It later acquired the retronym of Star Trek, The Original Series to distinguish the show within the franchise that it began. The show is set in the Milky Way galaxy, roughly during the 2260s, the ship and crew are led by Captain James T. Kirk, first officer and science officer Spock, and chief medical officer Leonard McCoy. Shatners voice-over introduction during each episodes opening credits stated the purpose, Space. These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise and its five-year mission, to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone before. The series was produced from September 1966 to December 1967 by Norway Productions and Desilu Productions, Star Trek aired on NBC from September 8,1966 to June 3,1969 and was actually seen first on September 6,1966, on Canadas CTV network. Star Treks Nielsen ratings while on NBC were low, and the network cancelled it after three seasons and 79 episodes. Several years later, the became a bona fide hit in broadcast syndication, remaining so throughout the 1970s, achieving cult classic status. The series contains significant elements of Space Western, as described by Gene Roddenberry, on March 11,1964, Gene Roddenberry, a long-time fan of science fiction, drafted a short treatment for a science-fiction television series that he called Star Trek. This was to be set on board a large interstellar spaceship S. S. Yorktown in the 23rd century, whose crew was dedicated to exploring a small portion of our galaxy. Some of the influences on his idea that Roddenberry noted included A. E. van Vogts tales of the spaceship Space Beagle, Eric Frank Russells Marathon series of stories, and the film Forbidden Planet. Roddenberry also drew heavily from C. S. Foresters Horatio Hornblower novels that depict a sea captain who exercises broad discretionary authority on distant sea missions of noble purpose. Roddenberry often humorously referred to Captain Kirk as Horatio Hornblower in Space, Roddenberry had extensive experience in writing for series about the Old West that had been popular television fare earlier in the 1960s and the 1950s. Armed with this background, the first draft deliberately characterizes the new show as Wagon Train to the stars. Like the familiar Wagon Train, each episode was to be an adventure story, set within the overarching structure of a continuing journey. With the notable exception of Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, all future television, in Roddenberrys original concept, the protagonist was Captain Robert April of the starship S. S. Yorktown. This character was developed into Captain Christopher Pike, first portrayed by Jeffrey Hunter, in April 1964, Roddenberry presented the Star Trek draft to Desilu Productions, a leading independent television production company. He met with Herb Solow, Desilus Director of Production, Solow saw promise in the idea and signed a three-year program-development contract with Roddenberry
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Star Trek: The Animated Series
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Star Trek, The Animated Series is a 1973 animated science fiction television series set in the Star Trek universe following the events of Star Trek, The Original Series of the 1960s. The animated series was aired under the name Star Trek, the series was critically acclaimed and was the first Star Trek series to win an Emmy Award when its second season won the 1975 Emmy for Outstanding Entertainment - Childrens Series. The series featured most of the original cast voicing their characters, except for Pavel Chekov and he was replaced by two animated characters who made semi-regular appearances, Lieutenant Arex, whose Edosian species had three arms and three legs, and Lt. MRess, a female Caitian. Besides performing their characters Montgomery Scott and Christine Chapel, James Doohan and Majel Barrett also performed the voices of Arex and MRess, initially, Filmation was only going to use the voices of William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley, Doohan, and Barrett. Doohan and Barrett would also perform the voices of Sulu and Uhura, Nimoy also took this stand as a matter of principle, as he knew of the financial troubles many of his Star Trek co-stars were facing after cancellation of the series. Koenig was not forgotten, and later wrote an episode for the series, koenig wrote The Infinite Vulcan, which had plot elements from the original Star Trek episode Space Seed blended into it. As is usual with animation projects, the actors did not perform together. For example, William Shatner, who was touring in a play at the time, other occasional guest voice actors were also used, including Ed Bishop who voiced the Megan Prosecutor in The Magicks of Megas-tu, and Ted Knight who voiced Carter Winston in The Survivor. Nichelle Nichols also performed character voices in addition to Uhura in several episodes, including The Time Trap. Similar to most animated series of the era, the 22 episodes of TAS were spread out over two seasons, with copious reruns of each episode. The director of the first season was Hal Sutherland and Bill Reed directed the 6 episodes of season two, all of this series episodes were novelized by Alan Dean Foster and released in ten volumes under the Star Trek Logs banner. Initially, Foster adapted three episodes per book, but later saw the half-hour scripts expanded into full, novel-length stories. Star Trek, The Animated Series was the only Star Trek series not to be produced with a cold open, instead starting directly with the title credits sequence. However, some versions of the original live action series. The series writing benefited from a Writers Guild of America, East strike in 1973, here Cyrano Jones is rescued from the Klingons, bringing with him a genetically altered breed of tribbles which do not reproduce but do grow extremely large. The Klingons, because of their hatred of tribbles, are eager to get Jones back because he stole a creature they created and this is the only animated Trek episode written by original series and later Next Generation writer D. C. This was the first actual appearance of Spocks pet sehlat, first mentioned in Journey to Babel, elements of Spocks childhood from Yesteryear are also referenced in the Star Trek, The Next Generation episode Unification as well as the 2009 Star Trek feature film. Larry Nivens The Slaver Weapon, adapted from his own short story The Soft Weapon and it includes some elements from his Known Space mythos such as the Kzinti and the Slavers
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Star Trek: The Next Generation
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Star Trek, The Next Generation is an American science fiction television series in the Star Trek franchise created by Gene Roddenberry that ran between 1987 and 1994. Roddenberry, Maurice Hurley, Rick Berman, Michael Piller and Jeri Taylor served as producers at different times throughout its production. The series involves a starship named Enterprise and is set in the regions of the Milky Way galaxy. The first episode takes place in the year 2364,100 years after the start of the mission described in the original series. It features a new cast and a new starship Enterprise, the fifth to bear the name within the franchises storyline and these are the voyages of the starship Enterprise. Its continuing mission, to strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations. TNG premiered the week of September 28,1987, drawing 27 million viewers, in total,176 episodes were made, ending with the two-hour finale All Good Things. The week of May 23,1994, the series was broadcast in first-run syndication with dates and times varying among individual television stations. Three additional Star Trek spin-offs followed The Next Generation, Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, Star Trek, Voyager, and Star Trek, Enterprise. The series formed the basis for the seventh through to the tenth of the Star Trek films, and is also the setting of novels, comic books. In its seventh season, Star Trek, The Next Generation became the first, the series received a number of accolades including 19 Emmy Awards, two Hugo Awards, five Saturn Awards, and a Peabody Award. The series follows the adventures of a crew on board the starship USS Enterprise, the fifth Federation vessel to bear the name and registry. The series is set about 70 years after the mission of the original Enterprise crew under the command of James T. Kirk. Beverly Crusher, conn officer Lieutenant Geordi La Forge, and junior officer Lieutenant Worf, the death of Lieutenant Yar in the series first season prompts an internal shuffle of personnel, making Worf official chief of security. Geordi La Forge is promoted to engineer at the beginning of season 2. The series begins with the crew of the Enterprise-D put on trial by a nefarious, the god-like entity threatens the extinction of mankind for being a race of savages, forcing them to solve a mystery at nearby Farpoint Station to prove their worthiness to be spared. After successfully solving the mystery and avoiding disaster, the crew departs on its mission to explore strange new worlds. Subsequent stories focus on the discovery of new life and sociological and political relationships with alien cultures, several new species are introduced as recurring antagonists, including the Ferengi, the Cardassian, and the Borg
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Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
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Star Trek III, The Search for Spock is a 1984 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures. After the death of Spock, the crew of the USS Enterprise returns to Earth, Kirk learns that Spocks spirit, or katra, is held in the mind of Dr. Leonard Bones McCoy, Kirk and company steal the Enterprise to return Spocks body to his home planet. The crew must also contend with hostile Klingons, led by Kruge, Paramount commissioned the film after positive critical and commercial reaction to The Wrath of Khan. Nimoy directed, the first Star Trek cast member to do so, producer Harve Bennett wrote the script starting from the end and working back, and intended the destruction of the Enterprise to be a shocking development. Bennett and Nimoy collaborated with effects house Industrial Light & Magic to develop storyboards and new ship designs, aside from a single day of location shooting, all of the films scenes were shot on Paramount and ILM soundstages. Composer James Horner returned to expand his themes from the previous film, the Search for Spock opened June 1,1984. In its first week of release, the film grossed over $16 million from almost 2,000 theaters across North America and it went on to gross $76 million at the domestic box office, toward a total of $87 million worldwide. Critical reaction to The Search for Spock was positive, but notably less so than the previous film, reviewers generally praised the cast and characters, while criticism tended to focus on the plot, the special effects were conflictingly received. Roger Ebert called the film a compromise between the tones of the first and second Star Trek films, the Search for Spock was released on multiple home video formats, including VHS, DVD, and Blu-ray high definition discs. Nimoy went on to direct The Search for Spocks sequel, Star Trek IV, the casualties of the fight include Admiral James T. Kirks Vulcan friend, Spock, whose casket was launched into space and eventually landed on the planet created by the Genesis Device. On arriving at Earth Spacedock, Doctor Leonard McCoy begins to act strangely and is detained, David Marcus —Kirks son, a key scientist in Genesiss development—and Lieutenant Saavik are investigating the Genesis planet on board the science vessel Grissom. Discovering an unexpected life form on the surface, Marcus and Saavik transport to the planet and they find that the Genesis Device has resurrected Spock in the form of a child, although his mind is not present. Marcus admits that he used unstable protomatter in the development of the Genesis Device, causing Spock to age rapidly, meanwhile, Kruge, the commander of a Klingon vessel, intercepts information about Genesis. Believing the device to be useful as a weapon, he takes his cloaked ship to the Genesis planet, destroys the Grissom. Spocks father, Sarek, confronts Kirk about his sons death, the pair learn that before he died, Spock transferred his katra, or living spirit, to McCoy. Spocks katra and body are needed to lay him to rest on his homeworld, Vulcan, disobeying orders, Kirk and his officers spring McCoy from detention, disable the USS Excelsior, and steal the Enterprise from Spacedock to return to the Genesis planet to retrieve Spocks body. In orbit, the undermanned Enterprise is attacked and disabled by Kruge, in the standoff that follows, Kruge orders that one of the hostages on the surface be executed. Marcus is killed defending Saavik and Spock, Kirk and company feign surrender and activate the Enterprises self-destruct sequence, killing the Klingon boarding party while the Enterprise crew transports to the planets surface
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Star Trek (film)
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Star Trek is a 2009 American science fiction adventure film directed by J. J. Abrams, written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Kirk and Spock aboard USS Enterprise as they combat Nero, a Romulan from their future who threatens the United Federation of Planets, the story takes place in an alternate reality because of time travel by both Nero and the original Spock. The alternate timeline was created in an attempt to free the film, the idea for a prequel film which would follow the Star Trek characters during their time in Starfleet Academy was discussed by series creator Gene Roddenberry in 1968. After the separation between Viacom and CBS Corporation, former Paramount president Gail Berman convinced CBS to allow Paramount to produce a feature film, Orci and Kurtzman, both fans of the Star Trek series, were approached to write the film and Abrams was approached to direct it. Kurtzman and Orci used inspiration from novels and graduate school dissertations as well as the series itself, principal photography commenced on November 7,2007 and ended on March 27,2008. The film was shot in locations around California and Utah. Abrams wanted to avoid using bluescreen and greenscreen, opting to use sets, heavy secrecy surrounded the films production and was under the fake working title Corporate Headquarters. Industrial Light & Magic used digital ships for the film, as opposed to the films in the franchise. Production for the film concluded by the end of 2008 and it was released in the United States and Canada on May 8,2009, to critical acclaim. Critics praised the development as well as the storyline in the film. Star Trek became a box office success, grossing over $385.7 million worldwide against its budget of $150 million. The DVD and Blu-ray for the film were released on October 19,2010, the film is followed by two sequels, Star Trek Into Darkness and Star Trek Beyond with a fourth having been announced. In the 23rd century, the Federation starship USS Kelvin is investigating a storm in space. A Romulan ship, Narada, emerges from the storm and attacks Kelvin, naradas first officer, Ayel, demands that Kelvins Captain Robau come aboard to negotiate a truce. Robau is questioned about the current stardate and an Ambassador Spock, naradas commander, Nero, kills him, and resumes attacking Kelvin. George Kirk, Kelvins first officer, orders the ships personnel, including his pregnant wife Winona, Kirk sacrifices his life to ensure Winonas survival as she gives birth to James T. Kirk. Seventeen years later on the planet Vulcan, a young Spock is accepted to join the Vulcan Science Academy, realizing that the Academy views his human mother Amanda as a disadvantage, he joins Starfleet instead. On Earth, Kirk becomes a reckless but intelligent young adult, three years later, Commander Spock accuses Kirk of cheating during the Kobayashi Maru simulation
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Star Trek Into Darkness
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Star Trek Into Darkness is a 2013 American science fiction action film directed by J. J. Abrams and written by Roberto Orci, Alex Kurtzman, and Damon Lindelof. It is the 12th installment in the Star Trek film franchise, Benedict Cumberbatch, Alice Eve, and Peter Weller are also credited in the films principal cast. The film was the last time Nimoy would portray the character of Spock before his death in 2015, set in the 23rd century, Kirk and the crew of USS Enterprise are sent to the Klingon homeworld seeking former Starfleet member-turned-terrorist John Harrison. After the release of Star Trek, Abrams, Burk, Lindelof, Kurtzman, into Darknesss visual effects were primarily created by Industrial Light & Magic. The film was converted to 3D in post-production, the film was released on May 17 in the United States and Canada, opening at IMAX cinemas a day earlier. Into Darkness was a success and received positive reviews from critics. Its gross earnings of over $467 million worldwide made it the highest-grossing entry in the Star Trek franchise, at the 86th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for Best Visual Effects. A sequel, Star Trek Beyond, was released on July 22,2016, in 2259, Captain James T. Admiral Christopher Pike is reinstated as commanding officer with Kirk demoted to the rank of Commander and first officer. Commander Spock is transferred to another ship, shortly after, the Section 31 installation in London is bombed, perpetrated by the renegade Starfleet operative John Harrison. Harrison then attacks Starfleet Headquarters in a jumpship during the meeting about the situation, killing Pike. Kirk disables the jumpship by throwing a rifle one of its engines, but Harrison escapes by transporting to Kronos. Admiral Alexander Marcus reinstates Kirk and Spock to Enterprise with orders to kill Harrison by using a new missile called a Photon torpedo, chief Engineer Montgomery Scott strongly objects to allowing untested missiles on board the ship, but when he is overruled he resigns from his post. Kirk assigns Pavel Chekov to replace Scotty, en route to Kronos, Enterprises warp capabilities mysteriously become disabled. Kirk leads a team with Spock and Uhura onto the planet in a landing craft. Uhura leaves the craft to talk to the Klingons. They instead decide to kill Uhura, but Kirk and the landing party manage to kill the Klingons, after the battle, Harrison comes up to Kirk demanding to know the number of missiles on board the Enterprise and surrenders when Kirk tells him. Dr. Leonard McCoy and Marcuss daughter, Dr. Carol Marcus, inside is a man in cryogenic stasis. Every torpedo aboard Enterprise contains a human in stasis, Khan reveals that Marcus had sabotaged Enterprises warp drive, intending for the Klingons to destroy the ship after it fired on Kronos, creating an act of war by the Klingon Empire
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James T. Kirk
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James Tiberius Jim Kirk is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise. Kirk first appears in Star Trek, The Original Series and has portrayed in numerous films, books, comics, webisodes. As the captain of the starship USS Enterprise, Kirk leads his crew as they explore where no man has gone before, often, the characters of Spock and Leonard McCoy act as his logical and emotional sounding boards, respectively. Kirk, played by William Shatner, first appears in the broadcast pilot episode, The Man Trap, Shatner continued in the role for the shows three seasons, and later provided the voice of the animated version of Kirk in Star Trek, The Animated Series. Shatner returned to the role for Star Trek, The Motion Picture, chris Pine portrays a young version of the character in the 2009 reboot Star Trek film, with Jimmy Bennett playing Kirk as a child. Pine reprised his role in Star Trek Into Darkness and in Star Trek Beyond, other actors have played the character in fan-created media, and the character has been the subject of multiple spoofs and satires. The character has been praised for his leadership traits and criticized for his relationships with women, James Tiberius Kirk was born in Riverside, Iowa, where he was raised by his parents, George and Winona Kirk. Although born on Earth, Kirk lived for a time on Tarsus IV, James Kirks brother, George Samuel Kirk, is first mentioned in What Are Little Girls Made Of. and introduced and killed in Operation, Annihilate. Kirk was granted a commission as an ensign and posted to advanced training aboard the USS Republic. He was then promoted to lieutenant junior grade and returned to Starfleet Academy as a student instructor, students could either think or sink in his class, and Kirk himself was a stack of books with legs. Upon graduating in the top five percent, Kirk was promoted to lieutenant and he received his first command, a spaceship roughly equivalent to a destroyer, while still quite young. Kirk became Starfleets youngest captain after receiving command of the USS Enterprise for a five-year mission, Kirks most significant relationships in the television series are with first officer Spock and chief medical officer Dr. Leonard Bones McCoy. McCoy is someone to whom Kirk unburdens himself and is a foil to Spock, robert Jewett and John Shelton Lawrences The Myth of the American Superhero describes Kirk as a hard-driving leader who pushes himself and his crew beyond human limits. Terry J. Erdman and Paula M, although Kirk throughout the series becomes romantically involved with various women, when confronted with a choice between a woman and the Enterprise, his ship always won. Roddenberry wrote in a memo that Kirk is not afraid of being fallible. J. M. Dillards novel The Lost Years describes Kirks promotion to rear admiral, in Star Trek, The Motion Picture, Kirk is chief of Starfleet operations, and he takes command of the Enterprise from Captain Willard Decker. Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberrys novelization of The Motion Picture depicts Kirk married to a Starfleet officer killed during a transporter accident. At the beginning of Star Trek II, The Wrath of Khan, Kirk takes command of the Enterprise from Captain Spock to pursue his enemy from Space Seed, the movie introduces Kirks son, David Marcus
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Leonard McCoy
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Bones McCoy is a character in the American science fiction franchise Star Trek. Karl Urban assumed the role of the character in the 2009 film Star Trek, McCoy was born in Atlanta, Georgia, January 20,2227. In 2266, McCoy was posted as chief officer of the USS Enterprise under Captain James T. Kirk. McCoy and Kirk are good friends, even brotherly, the passionate, sometimes cantankerous McCoy frequently argues with Kirks other confidant, science officer Spock, and occasionally is bigoted toward Spocks Vulcan heritage. McCoy often plays the role of Kirks conscience, offering a counterpoint to Spocks logic, McCoy is suspicious of technology, especially the transporter. As a physician, he prefers less intrusive treatment and believes in the bodys innate recuperative powers, the characters nickname, Bones, is a play on sawbones, an epithet for physicians qualified as surgeons. Kirk orders McCoys commission reactivated in Star Trek, The Motion Picture, Spock transfers his katra—his knowledge and experience—into McCoy before dying in Star Trek II, The Wrath of Khan. This causes mental anguish for McCoy, who in Star Trek III, McCoy Kirks crew aboard the in Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home. In Star Trek V, The Final Frontier, McCoy reveals that he helped his father commit suicide to him of his pain. Shortly after the suicide, a cure was found for his fathers disease, Kelley reprised the role for the Encounter at Farpoint pilot episode of Star Trek, The Next Generation, insisting upon no more than the minimum Screen Actors Guild payment for his appearance. In the Star Trek, The Animated Series episode The Survivor, McCoy mentions he has a daughter, chekovs friend Irina in the original series episode The Way to Eden was originally written as McCoys daughter, but changed before the episode was shot. This line, improvised by Urban, explains how McCoy earned the nickname Bones, McCoy later helps get Kirk posted aboard the USS Enterprise. Kelley had worked with Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry on previous television pilots, however, for the rejected pilot The Cage, Roddenberry went with director Robert Butlers choice of John Hoyt to play Dr. Philip Boyce. For the second pilot, Where No Man Has Gone Before, although Roddenberry wanted Kelley to play the character of ships doctor, he did not put Kelleys name forward to NBC, the network never rejected the actor as Roddenberry sometimes suggested. Kelleys first broadcast appearance as Doctor Leonard McCoy was in The Man Trap, Kelley was apprehensive about Star Treks future, telling Roddenberry that the show was going to be the biggest hit or the biggest miss God ever made. Kelley portrayed McCoy throughout the original Star Trek series and voiced the character in the animated Star Trek, fontana said that while Roddenberry created the series, Kelley essentially created McCoy, everything done with the character was done with Kelleys input. Exquisite chemistry among Kelley, William Shatner, and Leonard Nimoy manifested itself in their performances as McCoy, Kirk and science officer Spock, respectively. For the 2009 film Star Trek, writers Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman saw McCoy as an arbiter in Kirk and they chose to reveal that McCoy befriended Kirk first, explaining the bias in their friendship and why he would often be a little dismissive of Spock
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United Federation of Planets
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The Federation was first introduced in the 1966–1969 television show Star Trek as the organization that sent the starship USS Enterprise on its mission of peaceful exploration. As the Federation has continued to explore the galaxy and expanded its membership, it has been challenged by hostile alien civilizations such as the Borg. The survival, success, and growth of the Federation and its principles of freedom have become some of the Star Trek franchises central themes, the Federation was originally conceived as an idealized version of the United Nations. The Federation has been well received by critics and fans, becoming one of the most enduring storylines. As part of the message he wanted the show to convey, Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry intended to depict the Federation as an ideal. The social structure within the Federation is classless and operates within a money-less New World Economy, the Federation is described as stressing, at least nominally, the values of universal liberty, equality, justice, peace, and cooperation. The Federation also maintains its own quasi-militaristic and scientific exploratory agency, the television series and films depict Earth and humanity as holding a center-stage political role within the Federation, in some ways first among equals. The legislature, the Federation Council, is located at the Presidio of San Francisco, several other bodies of the Federation have been depicted. There is an executive headed by a Federation President, who keeps offices in the Palais de la Concorde in Paris. There is a branch as well, the highest court of which is the Federation Supreme Court. The Federations scientific, diplomatic and defensive/military arm is Starfleet, depicted as being headquartered at Fort Baker, just north of San Francisco across the Golden Gate Bridge. The Federation comes into conflict with other major powers in the galaxy such as the Klingon Empire, the Romulan Star Empire, the Cardassian Union, the Borg. The United Federation of Planets has existed as part of the Star Trek universe since the first season of the series and is the primary focus of all the Star Trek series. Several episodes of Star Trek, Enterprise follow events leading up the creation of the Federation, the formation of the Coalition seems to have been the event that provoked the xenophobic Terra Prime incident in the episodes Demons and Terra Prime. After Terra Prime leader John Frederick Paxton exploited the xenophobia on Earth, many of the aliens were unnerved, however, they were convinced by a speech from Captain Jonathan Archer to give the idea of a united organization of worlds a chance. Six years later in 2161, the United Federation of Planets was organized, the Federation is founded under a document known as the Charter of the United Federation of Planets October 9,2161, which is occasionally referred to informally as the Constitution. It draws text and inspiration from the United Nations Charter and other sources and this is intended to prevent even well-intentioned Federation personnel from introducing changes which could destabilize or even destroy other pre-warp-era cultures through interference. Starfleets Omega Directive supersedes the Prime Directive allowing for any means possible to destroy the Omega particle if encountered and it includes a set of guarantees of civil rights, the Seventh Guarantee being analogous to the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and its protection against self-incrimination
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Klingon
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The Klingons are a fictional extraterrestrial humanoid warrior species in the science fiction franchise Star Trek. Klingons are recurring antagonists in the 1960s television series Star Trek, The Original Series, initially intended to be antagonists for the crew of the USS Enterprise, the Klingons became a close ally of humanity and the United Federation of Planets in Star Trek, The Next Generation. In the 1990s series Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, the United Federation of Planets briefly goes to war with the Klingons, later in that series, the two join together with the Romulans to fight the Dominion. As originally developed by screenwriter Gene L. Coon, Klingons were swarthy humanoids characterized mainly by prideful ruthlessness, totalitarian, and with a martial society relying on slave labor, they reflected analogies with both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Although Cold War tensions are apparent in the characterization, Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry did not intend any explicit political parallels, among the elements created for the revised Klingons was a complete Klingon language, developed by Marc Okrand from gibberish suggested by actor James Doohan. Spoken Klingon has entered popular culture, even to the extent that the works of William Shakespeare, a dictionary, a book of sayings, and a cultural guide to the language have been published. According to Guinness World Records, Klingon is the worlds most popular language as measured by number of speakers. The Klingons were created by screenwriter Gene L. Coon, and they were named after Lieutenant Wilbur Clingan, who served with Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry in the Los Angeles Police Department. In the original series, Klingons were typically portrayed with bronze skin and facial hair suggestive of Asian people. The swarthy look of Klingon males was created with the application of shoe polish and long, thin moustaches, the overall look of the aliens, played by white actors, suggested orientalism, at a time when memories of Japanese actions during World War II were still fresh. The production crew never came to an agreement on the name Klingon, Coon was adamant about keeping the name, the Klingons took on the role of the Soviet Union in opposition to the United Federation of Planets playing the role of the United States. As such, they were portrayed as inferior to the crew of the Enterprise. While occasionally capable of honour, this depiction treated the Klingons as close to wild animals, overall, they were shown without redeeming qualities—brutish, scheming, and murderous. Klingons became the primary antagonists of the Enterprise crew, in part because the necessary to make Romulans was too time-consuming. For the first two seasons, no Klingon ships were seen despite being frequently mentioned and this was because of budget constraints— designer Matt Jefferies did not have the money to create a Klingon ship until the third season. When the episodes were remastered beginning in 2006, Klingon ships were digitally inserted into shots earlier than their original appearances, for Star Trek, The Motion Picture, the Klingons were retconned and their appearance and behavior radically changed. To give the aliens a more sophisticated and threatening demeanor, the Klingons were depicted with ridged foreheads, snaggled and prominent teeth, and a defined language and alphabet. Lee Cole, a designer, used red gels and primitive shapes in the design of Klingon consoles and ship interiors
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Romulan
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The Romulans are an extraterrestrial humanoid species in the science fiction franchise Star Trek. In addition, they have appeared in various media. Throughout the series, they are depicted as antagonists, and are usually at war with or in a tenuous truce with the United Federation of Planets. On extremely rare occasions, they have allied with the Federation, the Romulans also act as a counterpoint to the logical Vulcan race, whom they resemble and with whom they share a common ancestry. As such, the Romulans are characterized as passionate, cunning, the Romulans are the dominant race of the Romulan Star Empire. Although Star Trek Star Charts place the Romulan Empires territory in the Beta Quadrant of the galaxy in Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, the Romulans were created by Paul Schneider, who said it was a matter of developing a good Romanesque set of admirable antagonists. An extension of the Roman civilization to the point of space travel, the Romulans began as a group of Vulcan revolutionaries who refused to accept the Vulcan philosopher Suraks teachings of the complete suppression of emotions. At some point in their history, this group left the planet Vulcan. In the original series episode Balance of Terror, Spock notes that while the events during the period of Surak are well documented and he does state that he thinks them a likely offshoot of Vulcan. The Next Generation episode The Chase implies that Romulans, Vulcans, Cardassians, Klingons and humans share a common ancestry. Like Vulcans, Romulans have pointed ears, upswept eyebrows, and copper-based blood that is green when oxygenated in the arteries, like Vulcans, Romulans are almost always depicted as having dark or black hair. Romulans share the longevity common to their Vulcan cousins, in Unification, the Romulan Senator Pardek shared a friendship with Ambassador Spock lasting at least 80 years. Romulans also have in common with Vulcans physical strength superior to that of humans, however, the similarities end when it comes to Vulcans mental abilities, which the Romulans do not share, or perhaps lost after their arrival on Romulus. Romulan ale is a popular blue alcoholic beverage which was illegal because of a Federation trade embargo in the late 23rd century through the late 24th century. Despite this, it is traded and consumed openly. Other Romulan drinks include Kali-fal, a drink with an aroma that should forcibly open ones frontal sinuses before the first sip. Romulan fashion of the late 24th century had distinctive squared shoulders, hair is generally cut straight across the brow close to the eyebrows, with longer locks framing the face, cut following the cheekbones, a style reminiscent of a helmet. In Star Trek, The Original Series, Romulan military uniforms consisted of a tunic with varying kinds of decorative sashes
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Supernova
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This causes the sudden appearance of a new bright star, before slowly fading from sight over several weeks or months. Supernovae are more energetic than novae, in Latin, nova means new, referring astronomically to what appears to be a temporary new bright star. Adding the prefix super- distinguishes supernovae from ordinary novae, which are far less luminous, the word supernova was coined by Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky in 1931. It is pronounced /ˌsuːpərnoʊvə/ with the plural supernovae /ˌsuːpərnoʊviː/ or supernovas, only three Milky Way naked-eye supernova events have been observed during the last thousand years, though many have been seen in other galaxies using telescopes. The most recent directly observed supernova in the Milky Way was Keplers Supernova in 1604, Supernovae may expel much, if not all, of the material away from a star, at velocities up to 30,000 km/s or 10% of the speed of light. This drives an expanding and fast-moving shock wave into the interstellar medium, and in turn, sweeping up an expanding shell of gas and dust. Supernovae create, fuse and eject the bulk of the chemical elements produced by nucleosynthesis, Supernovae play a significant role in enriching the interstellar medium with the heavier atomic mass chemical elements. Furthermore, the shock waves from supernovae can trigger the formation of new stars. Supernova remnants are expected to accelerate a large fraction of primary cosmic rays. They are also potentially strong galactic sources of gravitational waves, in the second case, the core of a massive star may undergo sudden gravitational collapse, releasing gravitational potential energy as a supernova. While some observed supernovae are more complex than these two simplified theories, the astrophysical collapse mechanics have been established and accepted by most astronomers for some time, in Latin, Nova means new, referring astronomically to what appears to be a temporary new bright star. Adding the prefix super- distinguishes supernovae from ordinary novae, which are far less luminous, the word supernova was coined by Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky in 1931. It is pronounced /ˌsuːpərnoʊvə/ with the plural supernovae /ˌsuːpərnoʊviː/ or supernovas, the earliest recorded supernova, SN185, was viewed by Chinese astronomers in 185 AD. The brightest recorded supernova was SN1006, which occurred in 1006 AD and was described in detail by Chinese, the widely observed supernova SN1054 produced the Crab Nebula. Johannes Kepler began observing SN1604 at its peak on October 17,1604 and it was the second supernova to be observed in a generation. There is some evidence that the youngest galactic supernova, G1. 9+0.3, occurred in the late 19th century, neither supernova was noted at the time. In the case of G1. 9+0.3, high extinction along the plane of the galaxy could have dimmed the event sufficiently to go unnoticed, the situation for Cassiopeia A is less clear. Infrared light echos have been detected showing that it was a type IIb supernova and was not in a region of especially high extinction, before the development of the telescope, there have only been five supernovae seen in the last millennium
26.
Yesteryear (Star Trek: The Animated Series)
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Yesteryear is the second episode of the first season of the animated science fiction television series Star Trek. It first aired in the NBC Saturday morning lineup on September 15,1973, Yesteryear marked the return of actor Mark Lenard to the role of Spocks father, Sarek. In this episode, Enterprise First Officer Spock must travel in time to his childhood, on stardate 5373.4, Captain Kirk and Spock return from a time-traveling research project they have been conducting with the use of the Guardian of Forever and Starfleet historians. When they emerge from the portal, they discover no one on board the Federation starship Enterprise recognizes Spock. Kirk and Spock are further surprised to see that an Andorian officer, Commander Thelin, has replaced Spock as first officer, in the new timeline, history has recorded that Spock died at age seven undergoing the Kahs-wan ordeal on Vulcan. However, Spock remembers that when he took the Kahs-wan, his life was saved by Selek - an adult relative - when a creature with poisonous claws called a la matya had attacked them. While Kirk and Spock were in the portal, the Guardian, the pair quickly realize that as they were observing the birth of Orion at the time, Spock could not have been in two places at once to save himself as a child. Spock must go back through the gate to his childhood. At first, this proceeds smoothly, Spock assumes the identity of Selek, a distant cousin of Sarek, Selek journeys into the desert to find his younger self, and saves the boy. However, I Chaya - Spocks pet sehlat - has been gravely wounded, Spock returns with the Healer who tends to I Chaya and informs Selek and Spock that there is nothing he can do. Young Spock is offered a choice, either I Chaya can be treated with medicines or his pet can be allowed to die with dignity, young Spock chooses the latter, and I Chaya dies peacefully. Instead of having to offer equal time to Takeis challengers, NBC stations in the L. A. area decided to air Yesteryear first, since it did not have any scenes with Hikaru Sulu in it. In the 2009 film Star Trek, young Spock is bullied by three fellow Vulcan students in the manner as is seen happening in this episode. Journey to Babel - an Original Series episode where Spocks parents, Sarek and Amanda, Yesteryear at the Internet Movie Database Yesteryear at TV. com Yesteryear at Memory Alpha Yesteryear at StarTrek. com Yesteryear at Curt Danhausers Guide to the Animated Star Trek
27.
Arlene Martel
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Arlene Martel, born Arline Greta Sax, was an American actress, writer, and acting coach. Prior to 1964, she was billed as Arline Sax or Arlene Sax. During the early years of her career, Martel was billed as Arline Sax. One of her earliest appearances was in the December 25th,1959 Twilight Zone episode What You Need as a girl in the bar and she appeared in a 1960 episode of The Rebel entitled The Hunted in which she had a scene with Leonard Nimoy, prior to Star Trek. In 1962, Martel made her first of two appearances on Perry Mason, as Fiona Cregan in The Case of the Absent Artist. Later, she guest starred as Sandra Dunkel in The Case of the Dead Ringer when Raymond Burr played a dual role, other shows on which Martel appeared included The Man from U. N. C. L. E. The Untouchables, Mission, Impossible, Here Come the Brides, The Wild Wild West, Battlestar Galactica, The Monkees and she also had roles in the films Angels from Hell and Chatterbox. Martel appeared as an actress in the Gunsmoke episode titled The Squaw. In 1974, Martel also appeared as Tasha Martelle, playing secretary Marty Bach in an episode of The Rockford Files, Episode 2, titled Trouble in Chapter 17. She also received credit in a font so large that it was almost twice as large as that used for Reggie Nalder or Michael Pataki, the leads who occupied most of the screen throughout the movie. She appeared in the Star Trek webisode Of Gods and Men in the scene as a Vulcan priestess initiating a marriage ceremony between Uhura and Vulcan native Stonn. Martel played Gloria, mistress of murder victim Tony Goodland, in the Columbo episode The Greenhouse Jungle, Martel semi-retired from acting in the mid 1980s, but continued to work sporadically in acting after that. She appeared in episodes of TV and in some unreleased TV pilots in the early 2000s. She stated in interviews that even in her career, she got most of her work via word of mouth. In her later years, she remarked, I dont have a good agent who will get me the plum roles. Before her death, Martel was one of the narrators for the 2015 documentary film Unity, Martel attended the Performing Arts High School in New York, on which the movie Fame was based, graduating in 1953. She later studied acting and was a member of The Actors Studio. She remained friends with Sidney Lumet and Anthony Quinn throughout their lifetimes, Martel lived on the west side of Los Angeles when she first moved there, and for a time lived on Martel Ave. in West Hollywood
28.
Journey to Babel
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Journey to Babel is the tenth episode of the second season of the original science fiction television series, Star Trek. Fontana and directed by Joseph Pevney, it was first broadcast on November 17,1967, in this episode, the Enterprise must transport dignitaries to a peace conference, with an assassin on the loose. It features the first appearance of Sarek and Amanda, parents of First Officer Spock, wyatt had been widely known for the 1950s sitcom Father Knows Best, where she played Elinor Donahues mother. On the previous Star Trek episode, Donahue was the guest actor, playing Commissioner Nancy Hedford, the system is a prime source of dilithium crystals but is underpopulated and unprotected. Mining rights are disputed by many warring species who have strong reasons for keeping Coridan out of the Federation, ambassador Sarek from Vulcan boards with his human wife Amanda. Captain Kirk learns, to his surprise, that they are Mr. Spocks parents, Kirk is also taken aback by how coldly Sarek views his own son, apparently because Spock chose to devote his life to Starfleet instead of the Vulcan Science Academy, against Sareks wishes. Formal negotiations are to place on a neutral planetoid called Babel. The issue is a one and the Tellarite ambassador, Gav. Pushed for a response, Sarek transparently implies that the Tellarites want to keep Coridan out of the Federation so they can continue to plunder the dilithium. Gav takes offense at this allegation and the briefly becomes physical before Kirk breaks it up. Meanwhile, Communications Officer Lt. Uhura has detected an encoded transmission beamed from the Enterprise to a vessel at the extreme edge of sensor range. Shortly afterward, the Tellarite ambassador, Gav, is found murdered, during questioning, Sarek suffers a cardiovascular malfunction, and is rushed to sickbay, where Chief Medical Officer McCoy determines that he requires immediate surgery. Meanwhile, a member of the Andorian delegation, Thelev, stabs Captain Kirk, Kirk subdues Thelev but is seriously wounded and taken to sickbay, Thelev is imprisoned in the brig. Kirk recovers sufficiently to pretend that he is well, and with the support of McCoy, returns to the bridge to relieve Spock. As Uhura picks up another encoded transmission from the Enterprise and traces the source to the brig, when Thelev is searched, it is discovered that his antennae are fake and conceal a small transceiver, Thelev is not Andorian but had been surgically altered to look like one. The unidentified vessel closes in to attack Enterprise, moving at extreme speed, McCoy begins operating on Sarek who is directly receiving blood from Spock. Kirk orders Thelev brought to the bridge and questions him about his, the ongoing attack damages the Enterprise and Kirk tries a ruse, shutting down internal power to make the Enterprise appear crippled. This lures the attacker to slowly approach until the Enterprise damages it with a surprise phaser counterattack, the disabled ship self-destructs, and Thelev reveals that both he and the ship were on suicide missions, he then collapses and dies from a delayed-action poison
29.
Roberto Orci
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Roberto Gaston Orci is a Mexican-American film and television screenwriter and producer. He began his collaboration with Alex Kurtzman while at school in California. Together they have been employed on television such as Hercules, The Legendary Journeys and Xena. In 2008, together with J. J. Abrams, they created Fringe, in 2013, they created Sleepy Hollow alongside Phillip Iscove. Orci and Kurtzmans first film project was Michael Bays The Island, Orci first became a film producer with 2008s Eagle Eye and again with 2009s The Proposal. He and Kurtzman since returned to working with Abrams on Mission, Impossible III, between 2005 and 2011, Kurtzman and Orcis film projects took revenues of more than $3 billion. Orci created the television series Matador for the El Rey Network, both Kurtzman and Orci continue to work as producers on the television series Limitless and Scorpion. Orci was awarded the Norman Lear Writers Award and the Raul Julia Award for Excellence, in addition to shared awards, Orci was born in Mexico City on July 20,1973, to a Mexican father and a Cuban mother. His mother immigrated to the United States with her parents after Fidel Castro came to power, Orci grew up in Mexico, and moved with his family to the United States at the age of 10. He was raised in Texas, Los Angeles and Canada and he is the older brother of screenwriter-producer J. R. Orci. He met his friend and collaborator Alex Kurtzman when both were 17-year-old students at Crossroads, a privately funded school in Santa Monica, California. The first time they came across each other was in a class, where they discovered each others love for movies and in particular the Steven Soderbergh film Sex, Lies. The duo found that they had a number of things in common, as Kurtzman had previously lived in Mexico City, Orci later called him an honorary Hispanic. Orci went on to attend the University of Texas at Austin, the duo got together once again, and began to write scripts. The duo modeled their relationship on writers Billy Wilder and I. A. L. Diamond and they took the approach that they were in a band together and purposely studied teams to discover why they break up. Kurtzman later explained in 2009 that One big thing that makes the start to wobble is when someone feels that the contribution isnt 50-50. We make sure we live up to the partnership, if we didnt, we wouldnt have lasted this long. Orci and Kurtzman began their collaboration on the television series Hercules, The Legendary Journeys
30.
The Menagerie (Star Trek: The Original Series)
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The Menagerie is a two-part episode of the American science fiction television series, Star Trek. It consists of episodes 11 and 12 of the shows first season and is the only story in the original series. Part one of the episode was broadcast on November 17,1966, NBC repeated the two shows on May 18 and 25,1967. The episode was written by Gene Roddenberry, incorporating The Cage into the two-part episode, The Menagerie, was actually a solution to a large and growing problem with the shows production. Its special effects, unprecedented for a television production, were causing delays in the completion of each episode. The problem was cumulative, with shows getting delivered to NBC later and later, at its worst, episodes were being delivered to NBC only three days before their scheduled Thursday airing. Sensing impending disaster, Roddenberry solved the problem by writing an episode that needed only one week of production. He did this by writing an entirely new story, so that The Cage would serve as a backstory for the starship Enterprises early history. New footage would be combined with the old and placed into the continuity of the overall Star Trek storyline, the Menagerie won a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. This episode also served as the inspiration for the reality distortion field. Pike refuses to communicate with anyone except Spock, and Kirk and Mendez leave to discuss the situation, once they are gone, Spock informs Pike he will be taking him regardless of Starfleets orders. He overwhelms Pikes guards and takes him aboard the Enterprise, and through a series of deceptions, meanwhile, Mendez and Kirk are concerned with Spocks behavior and find that there was no record of Spock receiving any message. Mendez provides Kirk with classified information on Talos IV, a planet that was visited by the Enterprise previously under Pikes command and they are made aware of the departure of the Enterprise, and the two give chase in a Starbase shuttlecraft. When Spock learns they are trailing the Enterprise, he has them brought aboard and then gives himself up, the crew finds they are unable to stop the current course of the Enterprise, which Spock affirms is heading towards Talos IV. Mendez demands a hearing be held, which requires three command officers. Kirk objects that only he and Mendez are present, but Spock notes that Pike also is a command officer still listed for active duty, the tribunal begins, and Spock offers as his testimony video footage of the Enterprises earlier visit to Talos IV. In the original mission, the Enterprise traveled to Talos IV in response to a call from the survey ship Columbia. Pike, Spock and an away team beam down to the planet and they find a number of survivors including a young woman named Vina, who was born shortly after the crash of Columbia
31.
Christopher Pike (Star Trek)
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Christopher Pike is a character in the Star Trek science fiction franchise. He was portrayed by Jeffrey Hunter in the original Star Trek pilot episode, The Cage, the pilot was rejected, and the character was dropped during development of the second pilot when Hunter decided that he did not want to continue with the series. Sean Kenney portrayed Pike in new footage filmed for a subsequent Star Trek episode, The Menagerie, Bruce Greenwood portrays Pike in the 2009 film Star Trek and its 2013 sequel, Star Trek Into Darkness. According to dialogue in The Cage, he is from the city of Mojave on Earth, Pike is the second captain of the USS Enterprise NCC-1701 and the first to be shown in Star Trek canon. The animated Star Trek series reveals that Captain Robert April predated Pike, Pike took command of the USS Enterprise in the year 2252, at the age of 38, taking over command from Robert April, who commanded the Enterprise for nine years. Meanwhile, the Enterprise is en route to Vega Colony to drop off wounded crew members when it receives a call from the survey vessel SS Columbia. Pike orders the ship diverted to Talos IV to rescue survivors, Pike soon learns that all but one of the survivors are illusions created by the Talosians in order to lure the Enterprise crew to Talos IV. The Talosians make every effort to provide sexual fantasies that they hope will appeal to Pike, using Vina, the only real Columbia survivor, as the object of desire. After Pike escapes from his cell with the aid of his first officer, Number One, and Yeoman J. M. Colt. The Talosians saved her life after the Columbia crashed, but they had no guide on how to repair a human body, Pike requests that the Talosians restore her illusion of beauty and the Enterprise leaves Talos IV. At some point prior to The Menagerie, Pike is promoted to fleet captain and his only means of communicating is through a light on the chair, one flash meaning yes and two flashes indicating no. In The Menagerie, the Enterprise, now under the command of Captain James T. Kirk, Spock undergoes court-martial, with his evidence presented during the trial being footage from The Cage. At the two-part episodes conclusion, it is revealed that the procedure was a Talosian-generated illusion to ensure that the Enterprise reached Talos. The Talosians invite Captain Pike to spend the remainder of his life among them, unfettered by his natural body, Pike accepts the offer and Spock, now cleared of all charges, sees him off. The Talosians then show Captain Kirk an image of Pike in perfect health, Pike is referenced in the episode Mirror, Mirror. An alternate-universe version of Captain Kirk reportedly assassinated Pike to become captain of the ISS Enterprise. In the Star Trek, The Next Generation episode The Most Toys, Captain Pike appears in the 2009 reboot Star Trek, this time portrayed by Bruce Greenwood. In the film, Pike encourages a young, directionless James T, Kirk to follow in the footsteps of his hero father and enlist in Starfleet
32.
Jeffrey Hunter
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Jeffrey Hunter was an American film and television actor and producer known for his roles in classic films such as The Searchers, and King of Kings. On television, Hunter was known following his death for his 1965 role as Capt. Christopher Pike in the pilot episode of Star Trek. Hunter was born Henry Herman “Hank” McKinnies, Jr. in New Orleans, Louisiana, and after 1930 reared in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and he was very involved in school sports and began acting in local theater and radio in his early teens. He worked for Station WTMS-FM and the Childrens Theatre of the Air, from 1942 to 1945 he spent his summers appearing in small roles for a touring summer stock company from New York, the Northport Players. He made his radio debut in his senior year in high school on a program called Those Whose Serve. After graduating high school in 1945, Hunter went into the US Navy and he completed a naval radar course at the Radio Technical School and was assigned to Communications Division, Headquarters of the Ninth Naval District, Great Lakes, Illinois. At college he appeared in two NWU stage productions, including Ruth Gordons Years Ago and he did radio work with the NWU Radio Workshop and Radio Guild, and worked summers with the NBC Radio Institute in Chicago. Hunters first film came in 1949. While at Northwestern he was one of a number of students who were cast in David Bradleys version of Julius Caesar, the movie is best remembered today for starring a young Charlton Heston as Marc Antony. He graduated from NWU on August 26,1949, then moved to the University of California at Los Angeles to get his Masters degree in radio. In 1950, he was appearing in a production of All My Sons and was spotted by talent scouts from 20th Century Fox. Paramount tested him - doing two scenes from All My Sons with Ed Begley and they were impressed and offered him an option, Darryl F. Zanuck of Fox heard about this and offered him a long term contract. The young actor agreed and the studio changed his name to Jeffrey Hunter on 1 June 1950, Hunter was then a campus Casanova in a Jeanne Craine musical, Take Care of My Little Girl, directed by Jean Negulesco. Fan response to these appearances was positive and Hunter moved into leading roles with Red Skies of Montana and he had a more conventional male juvenile lead in Belles on Their Toes, a sequel to Cheaper by the Dozen, which reunited him with Crane. Marilyn Monroe later gave a interview where she discussed Hunters appeal, To me, why, he looks like he just stepped off a college campus. Hes extremely handsome, but this is not what impresses me and he has sort of a—well. an all-encompassing type of magnetism. And hes a walking advertisement for marriage and you cant be with Jeff more than two minutes without realizing that he takes his marriage seriously, and adores his wife and child. He talks about them constantly, and with extreme pride and you would be certain to guess, even without knowing, that Jeff is the real athletic type
33.
Distress signal
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A distress signal or distress call is an internationally recognized means for obtaining help. Distress signals are communicated by transmitting radio signals, displaying a visually observable item or illumination, a distress signal indicates that a person or group of people, ship, aircraft, or other vehicle is threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and requires immediate assistance. Use of distress signals in other circumstances may be against local or international law, an urgency signal is available to request assistance in less critical situations. In order for distress signalling to be the most effective, two parameters must be communicated, Alert or notification of a distress in progress Position or location of the party in distress. A hand-held flare burns for three minutes and can be used to localize or pinpoint more precisely the location or position of the party in trouble. An EPIRB both notifies or alerts authorities and at the time provides position indication information. Distress signals at sea are defined in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, mayday signals must only be used where there is grave and imminent danger to life. Otherwise, urgent signals such as pan-pan can be sent, most jurisdictions have large penalties for false, unwarranted or prank distress signals. EPIRB signals are received and processed by a constellation of satellites known as COSPAS-SARSAT, older EPIRBs which use 121.5 MHz are obsolete. Many regulators require vessels which proceed offshore to carry an EPIRB, many EPIRBs have an in-built Global Positioning System receiver. When activated these EPIRBs rapidly report the latitude and longitude of the emergency accurate to within 120m, the position of non-GPS EPIRBs is determined by the orbiting satellites, this can take ninety minutes to five hours after activation and is accurate to within 5 km. Marine safety authorities recommend the use of GPS-equipped EPIRBs, a miniaturised EPIRB capable of being carried in crew members clothing is called a Personal Locator Beacon. Regulators do not view them as a substitute for a vessels EPIRB, in situations with a high risk of man overboard, such as open ocean yacht racing, PLBs may be required by the events organisers. PLBs are also carried during risky outdoor activities upon land. EPIRBs and PLBs have an identification number. A purchaser should register their EPIRB or PLB with the search and rescue authority. EPIRB registration allows the authority to alert searchers of the name, label, type, size and paintwork, to promptly notify next-of-kin. A DSC radio distress signal can include the position if the lat/long are manually keyed into the radio or if a GPS-derived position is passed directly into the radio
34.
Gary Lockwood
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Gary Lockwood is an American actor. He is known for his roles as astronaut Frank Poole in the film 2001, A Space Odyssey and he played numerous guest television roles from the early 1960s into the mid 1990s, a regular supporting role in Follow the Sun, and the title role of The Lieutenant. He is of partial Polish descent, lockwoods uncle, Mike Yurosek, is credited with creating the baby carrot. Lockwood attended the University of California at Los Angeles on a scholarship to play quarterback. Lockwood was married to actress Stefanie Powers in the 1960s and Denise DuBarry in the 1980s, Lockwood was a film stuntman, and a stand-in for Anthony Perkins prior to his acting début in 1959 in an uncredited bit role in Warlock. Lockwoods two series came early in his career, and each lasted only a single season, ABCs Hawaii-set Follow the Sun cast him in support of Brett Halsey and Barry Coe, who played adventurous magazine writers based in Honolulu. Lockwood was Eric Jason, who did the legwork for their articles, in the story, Eric Jason was said to have been born on December 7,1941, but Lockwood was actually born nearly five years earlier. Another series regular was Gigi Perreau, who played the writers secretary, Lockwood had earlier played a soldier with a crush on Mary Stone on the ABC sitcom, The Donna Reed Show. The 26-week series, which starred Marilyn Maxwell as the owner of a diner in fictitious Sunrise, Colorado and he would star again with Weld in his film debut, 1961s Wild in the Country, with Elvis Presley. Thereafter, Lockwood starred with Jeff Bridges in the acclaimed My Daddy Can Beat Your Daddy episode of CBSs anthology series, in 1959, he played an uncredited police officer in Perry Mason in The Case of the Romantic Rogue. In 1962, Lockwood appeared on Perry Mason as the character in The Case of the Playboy Pugilist. In 1963, Lockwood co-starred with Elvis Presley in the musical-comedy film It Happened at the Worlds Fair, in 1963-1964, Lockwood starred as a young U. S. Marine second lieutenant named William T. Rice in the NBC series The Lieutenant. This drama, about the peacetime Marines, was produced by the creators of Star Trek, the series co-starred Robert Vaughn as Lieutenant Rices immediate superior, Captain Raymond Rambridge. Despite moderately good reviews, The Lieutenants Saturday night time slot, opposite CBS Jackie Gleasons American Scene Magazine, caused its cancellation after 29 episodes. In 1964, Lockwood guest-starred as Major Gus Denver in the first season of 12 OClock High, in episode 9, Appointment at Liege and he also guest-starred as Lt. Josh McGraw in season 2, episode 4, The Idolator of 12 OClock High. Shortly afterwards, Lockwood starred in another NBC television series The Kraft Mystery Theater in an episode titled Connerys Hands. In 1966, Lockwood guest starred as Clint Bethard in the episode Reunion of ABCs The Legend of Jesse James, starring Christopher Jones in the title role of Jesse James. That same year, Lockwood appeared as Danny Hamil on the episode Day of Thunder of the NBC drama The Long, Hot Summer and he appeared twice in 1966 as Jim Stark in the two-part episode The Raid of CBS Gunsmoke with James Arness
35.
William Shatner
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William Shatner is a Canadian actor, author, producer, and director. In his seven decades of television, Shatner became an icon for his portrayal of James T. Kirk, Captain of the USS Enterprise. He has written a series of books chronicling his experiences playing Captain Kirk and being a part of Star Trek and he has written a series of science fiction novels called TekWar, which were adapted for television. Shatner also appeared in the NBC series, 3rd Rock from the Sun in seasons 4 and 5 as the role of the Big Giant Head whom the characters of the Series reported to. He has worked as a musician, an author, a director, and he starred as attorney Denny Crane in the final season of the legal drama The Practice and its spinoff series Boston Legal, a role that earned him two Emmy Awards. Shatner was born on March 22,1931, in the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce neighbourhood of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the son of Anne and Joseph Shatner and he has two sisters, Joy and Farla. His paternal grandfather, Wolf Schattner, anglicized the name to Shatner. All of Shatners grandparents were Jewish immigrants, and he was raised in Conservative Judaism, Shatner attended two schools in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Willingdon Elementary School and Westhill High School, and is an alumnus of the Montreal Childrens Theatre. He studied Economics at the McGill University Faculty of Management in Montreal, Canada, in June 2011, McGill University awarded him an honorary Doctorate of Letters. Shatner began performing at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival in Stratford, Ontario, in 1954, he was cast as Ranger Bob on The Canadian Howdy Doody Show. Shatner was an understudy to Christopher Plummer, the two would appear as adversaries in Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country. Shatner had a role in an Alfred Hitchcock Presents third-season episode titled The Glass Eye. In 1959, he received good reviews when he played the role of Lomax in the Broadway production of The World of Suzie Wong. He appeared twice as Wayne Gorham in NBCs Outlaws Western series with Barton MacLane, in 1961, he starred in the Broadway play A Shot in the Dark with Julie Harris and directed by Harold Clurman. Walter Matthau and Gene Saks were also featured in this play, Shatner featured in two episodes of the NBC television series Thriller and the film The Explosive Generation. Guthrie had called the young Shatner the Stratford Festivals most promising actor, Shatner was not as successful as the others, however, and during the 1960s he became a working actor who showed up on time, knew his lines, worked cheap and always answered his phone. His motto was Work equals work, but Shatners willingness to take any role, no matter how forgettable, in the 1963–1964 season, he appeared in episodes of two ABC series, Channing and The Outer Limits. In 1963, he starred in the Family Theater production called The Soldier and that same year, he guest starred in Route 66, in the episode, Build Your Houses with Their Backs to the Sea
