Emo
Emo is a rock music genre characterized by an emphasis on emotional expression, sometimes through confessional lyrics. It emerged as a style of post-hardcore from the mid-1980s hardcore punk movement in Washington, D. C. where it was known as emotional hardcore or emocore and pioneered by bands such as Rites of Spring and Embrace. In the early–mid 1990s, emo was adopted and reinvented by alternative rock, indie rock and pop punk bands such as Sunny Day Real Estate, Jawbreaker and Jimmy Eat World, with Weezer breaking into the mainstream during this time. By the mid-1990s, bands such as Braid, the Promise Ring and the Get Up Kids emerged from the burgeoning Midwest emo scene, several independent record labels began to specialize in the genre. Meanwhile, screamo, a more aggressive style of emo using screamed vocals emerged, pioneered by the San Diego bands Heroin and Antioch Arrow. Seen as a subculture, emo signifies a specific relationship between fans and artists and certain aspects of fashion and behavior.
Emo fashion has been associated with skinny jeans. Fans of emo music who dress like this are referred to as "emo kids" or "emos". Emos are known for listening to emo bands like My Chemical Romance, Hawthorne Heights, The Used, AFI; the emo subculture is stereotypically associated with emotion, misanthropy, shyness and angst, as well as depression, self-harm and suicide. Its quick rise in popularity in the early 2000s inspired a backlash, with bands such as My Chemical Romance and Panic! at the Disco rejecting the emo label because of the social stigma and controversy surrounding it. Emo entered mainstream culture in the early 2000s with the success of Jimmy Eat World and Dashboard Confessional and many artists signed to major record labels. Bands such as My Chemical Romance, AFI, Fall Out Boy and the Red Jumpsuit Apparatus continued the genre's popularity during the rest of the decade. By the mid 2010s, emo's popularity waned, with some groups changing their sound and others disbanding. Meanwhile, however, a underground emo revival emerged, with bands such as The World Is a Beautiful Place & I Am No Longer Afraid to Die and Modern Baseball drawing on the sound and aesthetic of 1990s emo.
Emo is considered a form of post-hardcore. Nonetheless, emo has been considered a form of indie rock and pop punk. Emo uses loudness of punk rock music; some emo leans uses characteristics of progressive music with the genre's use of complex guitar work, unorthodox song structures, extreme dynamic shifts. Lyrics, a focus in emo music, are emotional and personal or confessional, dealing with topics such as failed romance, self-loathing, insecurity, suicidal thoughts and relationships. AllMusic described emo lyrics as "usually either free-associative poetry or intimate confessionals". Early emo bands were hardcore punk bands that used melody and emotional or introspective lyrics and that were less structured than regular hardcore punk, making early emo bands different from the aggression and verse-chorus-verse structures of regular hardcore punk. According to AllMusic, most 1990s emo bands "borrowed from some combination of Fugazi, Sunny Day Real Estate, Weezer"; the New York Times described emo as "emotional punk or pop-punk.
That is, punk that wears its heart on its sleeve and tries a little tenderness to leaven its sonic attack. If it helps, imagine Ricky Nelson singing in the Sex Pistols." Author Matt Diehl called emo a "more sensitive interpolation of punk's mission". According to Merriam-Webster, emo is "a style of rock music influenced by punk rock and featuring introspective and fraught lyrics". Pet Sounds, the Beach Boys' 1966 album, is sometimes considered the first emo album. According to music writer Luke Britton, such assertions are stated "wryly", wrote that "it’s accepted that the genre's pioneers" came in the 1980s. During the decade, many hardcore punk and post-hardcore bands formed in Washington, D. C.. Post-hardcore, an experimental offshoot of hardcore punk, was inspired by post-punk. Hardcore punk bands and post-hardcore bands who influenced early emo bands include Minor Threat, Black Flag and Hüsker Dü. Emo, which began as a post-hardcore subgenre, was part of the 1980s hardcore punk scene in Washington, D.
C. as something different from the violent part of the Washington, D. C. hardcore scene. Minor Threat fan Guy Picciotto formed Rites of Spring in 1984, using the musical style of hardcore punk and combining the musical style with melodic guitars, varied rhythms, personal, emotional lyrics. Many of the band's themes, including nostalgia, romantic bitterness and poetic desperation, became familiar tropes of emo music, its performances were public, emotional purges. Ian MacKaye of Minor Threat became a Rites of Spring fan and formed the emo band Embrace, which explored similar themes of self-searching and emotional release. Similar bands followed in connection with the "Revolution Summer" of 1985, an attempt by members of the Washington scene to break from the usual characteristics of hardcore punk to a hardcore punk style with different characteristics. Bands such as Gray Matter, Fire Party, Dag Nasty, Soulside were associated with the movement. Although the origins of the word "emo" are uncertain, evidence shows that the word "emo" was coined in the mid-1980s 1985.
According to Andy Greenwald, author of Nothing Feels Good: Punk Rock and Emo, "The origins of the term'emo' are shrouded in
Back to the Future (franchise)
The Back to the Future franchise is an American science fiction–adventure comedy film series written and directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Bob Gale and Neil Canton for Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, distributed by Universal Pictures. The franchise follows the adventures of a high school student, Marty McFly, an eccentric scientist, Dr. Emmett L. Brown, as they use a DeLorean time machine to time travel to different periods in the history of Hill Valley, California; the first film was the highest-grossing film of 1985 and became an international phenomenon, leading to the second and third films, which were back-to-back film productions, released in 1989 and 1990, respectively. Though the sequels did not perform quite as well at the box office as the first film, the trilogy remains immensely popular after 30 years and has yielded such spinoffs as an animated television series and a motion-simulation ride at the Universal Studios Theme Parks in Universal City, California; the film's visual effects were done by Industrial Magic.
The trilogy was nominated for five Academy Awards all together. Seventeen-year-old Marty McFly is accidentally sent back in time from 1985 to 1955 in a time machine built from a DeLorean by eccentric scientist Emmett "Doc" Brown, when they are attacked by Libyans from whom Doc stole the plutonium that gives the flux capacitor the 1.21 gigawatts it needs to time-travel. Soon after his arrival in 1955, Marty's mother Lorraine falls in love with him, rather than with his father George McFly, threatening to cause a paradox that would result in Marty ceasing to exist. Without plutonium to power the time machine, Marty must find the 1955 Doc Brown to help him reunite his parents and return to 1985; the efforts of Biff Tannen, George's bully and supervisor, further complicate Marty's situation until Marty causes his parents to fall in love and convinces George to stand up to Biff. Returning to the future via a lightning strike that powers the machine, Marty discovers a vastly improved situation for the McFly family, as a much more confident George has become an accomplished science-fiction author, an apparently-softened Biff is now an auto detailer, rather than George's supervisor.
Despite 1955 Doc's insistence on not knowing details of the future, a note Marty leaves in his pocket prevents him from being killed by the terrorists. But in the film's final moments, Doc Brown appears in a modified version of the DeLorean and tells Marty and his girlfriend Jennifer Parker that they must travel to the future to fix a problem caused by Marty and Jennifer's kids; the series continues as Doc Brown travels with Marty and Jennifer to the year 2015 where he has discovered Marty's family is in ruins. Shortly after rectifying the situation, Marty buys a sports almanac containing the outcomes of 50 years worth of sporting events to make easy money. However, Doc talks him out of it and throws the almanac in the bin, where the 2015 Biff Tannen finds it. A sleeping Jennifer has been taken by police to her future home, needing Marty and Doc to retrieve her before returning to 1985. While Marty and Doc are at the 2015 McFly home, 2015 Biff steals the DeLorean time machine and gives the book to his 1955 self just before he goes to the dance at the end of the first film.
When Doc and Marty return to 1985, they find that Biff has used the sports almanac's knowledge for financial gain, which allows him to turn Courthouse Square into a 27-story casino, take over Hill Valley, get away with the murder of Marty's father, marry Marty's mother. Marty learns that Biff was given the book by 2015 Biff on November 12, 1955, so he and Doc go back to that date in order to steal the almanac from Biff before he can use it to destroy their lives, they accomplish this in a complex fashion crossing their own past-selves' paths. When the duo are about to travel back to 1985, a lightning bolt strikes the DeLorean and activates the time circuits, sending Doc back to 1885 and leaving Marty stranded once again in 1955. After finding out that Doc Brown is trapped in 1885, Marty sets out to find the 1955 Doc to help him fix the DeLorean and restore it to working order. Learning that Doc gets shot in 1885 by Biff's great-grandfather, Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen, Marty travels back in time to save Doc and bring him back to the future.
Arriving in the middle of a melee between the United States Cavalry and American Indians, Marty is forced to flee to a cave, the uneven terrain tearing the DeLorean's fuel line in the process, emptying the fuel tank and rendering the engine useless. Marty convinces Doc to come back with him and find a way to get back to his time before it's too late. After several dramatic action scenes involving using a speeding locomotive to push the DeLorean to 88 miles per hour, Marty returns to 1985 without Doc Brown; when the DeLorean appears in 1985 on the same train track as planned, a modern train destroys the DeLorean, with Marty jumping out just in the nick of time. Marty reveals to Jennifer the time travel adventure and they visit the scene of the wreckage of the DeLorean, he worries that Doc has been lost in the past forever, when Doc appears in a new time machine, modeled after a locomotive. When Marty asks if Doc is going to the future, Doc replies that he has "already been there." Doc's last words of wisdom is that nobody knows their future, so they "must make it a good one."
The locomotive disappears, ending the trilogy. Co-writer and director Robert Zemeckis, who has final rights to all films in the Back to
Grunge
Grunge is a rock music genre and subculture that emerged during the mid-1980s in the Pacific Northwest U. S. state of Washington in Seattle and nearby towns. The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop and the region's underground music scene. By the early 1990s its popularity had spread, with grunge bands appearing in California emerging in other parts of the United States and in Australia, building strong followings and signing major record deals. Grunge was commercially successful in the early to mid-1990s, due to releases such as Nirvana's Nevermind, Pearl Jam's Ten, Soundgarden's Badmotorfinger and Alice in Chains' Dirt; the success of these bands boosted the popularity of alternative rock and made grunge the most popular form of rock music at the time Although most grunge bands had disbanded or faded from view by the late 1990s, they influenced modern rock music, as their lyrics brought conscious issues into pop culture and added introspection and an exploration of what it means to be true to oneself.
Grunge was an influence on genres such as post-grunge and nu metal. Grunge fuses elements of punk rock and heavy metal, featuring the distorted electric guitar sound used in both genres, although some bands performed with more emphasis on one or the other. Like these genres, grunge uses electric guitar, bass guitar, a drummer and a singer. Grunge incorporates influences from indie rock bands such as Sonic Youth. Lyrics are angst-filled and introspective addressing themes such as social alienation, self-doubt, neglect, betrayal and emotional isolation, psychological trauma and a desire for freedom. A number of factors contributed to grunge's decline in prominence. During the mid-to-late 1990s, many grunge bands became less visible. Nirvana's Kurt Cobain, labeled by Time as "the John Lennon of the swinging Northwest", appeared unusually tortured by success and struggled with an addiction to heroin before he died by suicide at the age of 27 in 1994; the term "grunge" was first recorded as being applied to Seattle musicians in July 1987 when Bruce Pavitt described Green River's Dry as a Bone EP in a Sub Pop record company catalogue as "gritty vocals, roaring Marshall amps, ultra-loose GRUNGE that destroyed the morals of a generation".
Although the word "grunge" has been used to describe bands since the 1960s, this was the first association of grunge with the grinding, sludgy sound of Seattle. It is expensive and time consuming to get a recording to sound clean, so for those northwestern bands just starting out it was cheaper for them to leave the sound dirty and just turn up their volume; this dirty sound, due to low budgets, unfamiliarity with recording, a lack of professionalism may be the origin of the term "grunge". The "Seattle scene" refers to that city's alternative music movement, linked to the University of Washington and the Evergreen State College. Evergreen State was a progressive college which did not use grading and which had its own alternative music radio station. Seattle's remoteness from Los Angeles led to a perceived purity of its music; the music of these bands, many of which had recorded with Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop, became labeled as "grunge". The term "Seattle sound" became a marketing ploy for the music industry.
In September 1991, the Nirvana album Nevermind was released, bringing mainstream attention to the music of Seattle. Nirvana's frontman Kurt Cobain loathed the word "grunge" and despised the new scene, developing, feeling that record companies were signing old "cock-rock" bands who were pretending to be grunge and claiming to be from Seattle; some bands associated with the genre, such as Soundgarden, Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains, have not been receptive to the label, preferring instead to be referred to as "rock and roll" bands. Ben Shepherd from Soundgarden stated that he "hates the word" grunge and hates "being associated with it." Seattle musician Jeff Stetson states that when he visited Seattle in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a touring musician, the local musicians did not refer to themselves as "grunge" performers or their style as "grunge" and they were not flattered that their music was being called "grunge". Rolling Stone noted the genre's lack of a clear definition. Robert Loss acknowledges the challenges of defining "grunge".
Roy Shuker states that the term "obscured a variety of styles." Stetson states that grunge was not a movement, "monolithic musical genre", or a way to react to 1980s-era metal pop. Stetson states. Mark Yarm, author of Everybody Loves Our Town: An Oral History of Grunge, pointed out vast differences between grunge bands, with some being punk and others being metal-based. In 1984 the punk rock band Black Flag went visiting small towns across the US to bring punk to the more remote parts of the country. By this time their music had become slow and sludgy, less like the Sex Pistols and more like Black Sabbath. Krist Novoselic recalls going along with the Melvins to see one of these shows, after which the Melvins front man Buzz Osborne began writing'slow and heavy riffs to form a dirge-like music, the beginning of northwest grunge; the Melvins were the most influential of the early grunge bands. Sub Pop producer Jack Endino described grunge as "seventies-influenced, slowed-down p
Eraserheads
Eraserheads is a Filipino rock band formed in 1989. Consisting of Ely Buendia, Buddy Zabala, Marcus Adoro, Raimund Marasigan, the band became one of the most successful, most influential, critically acclaimed, significant bands in the history of Philippine music, leaving a legacy that made them the most commercially successful Filipino music artists of all time. Dubbed as "The Beatles of the Philippines", they are credited for spearheading a second wave of Manila band invasions, paving the way for a host of Philippine alternative rock bands; the band released several singles, EPs that reached number one and achieved commercial success with their third album Cutterpillow, which achieved platinum status several times. They received the Viewer's Choice Award for Asia from the 1997 MTV Video Music Awards. In 1989, two college bands from the University of the Philippines, Diliman were both in search of new members for a new group. Curfew, which consisted of Buddy Zabala on bass, Raimund Marasigan on drums and Marcus Adoro on guitars met up with Sunday School, which consisted of Ely Buendia on vocals and Raimund Marasigan as session drummer in December of the same year.
Ely's first two college bands, Bluidie Tryste and Sunday School, were too unstable, so he posted an audition notice on a university message board. Only Raimund and Marcus showed up at the audition. According to an interview with myx, Raimund said he first auditioned as bassist while Buddy as drummer, but they noticed that it did not sound right, the two switched places. The four formed a new group and called themselves Eraserheads, taking inspiration from the film Eraserhead by surrealist director David Lynch, they played covers, doing gigs in schools, playing at Manila's rock club circuit, achieving little success. The band found that they were not good at playing covers, so they concentrated on writing their own material, their new, original songs, played live, soon earned them a cult following in the university, which spread outside the campus. One of the songs, a pop song entitled, "Pare Ko", became popular because of lyrics that included a few obscenities; the band recorded a nine-song demo tape in the garage of Marasigan's provincial home on January 26, 1991.
They shopped the demo cassette around record labels and radio stations, hoping to have their songs reach the public. However, they were rejected at every turn, with one recording label deeming that their demo was "not pop enough". In May 1991, a professor-friend teaching Humanities, Robin Rivera, helped them re-record and mix better versions of the demo songs on a four-track DAT recorder; the new demo was named Pop-U!, titled as an irreverent response to those who turned them down. Meanwhile, Buendia became employed as a student copywriter by BMG Records Inc.. He wrote songs with the band during the night; the songs of Buendia and the band caught the attention of BMG A&R director Vic Valenciano. Valenciano listened to the songs and commented that they were raw technically, but that there was something promising in them. Subsequently, BMG gave Eraserheads' songs a try. In 1992, BMG signed up the band for a three-year record deal. In July 1993, Eraserheads started recording their debut album called Ultraelectromagneticpop!.
The album featured "Pare Ko", "Toyang" and "Tindahan ni Aling Nena", all of which were present in Pop-U!. The album featured a sanitized version of "Pare Ko" called "Walang Hiyang Pare Ko". In the same year, BMG released 5,000 copies of the album; the album became a smash hit, with the songs "Ligaya", "Pare Ko" and "Toyang" topping the charts that, by the end of the year, BMG sold 300,000 copies, Ultraelectromagneticpop! turned sextuple platinum. The album met some opposition as the Philippine Association of the Record Industry attempted to censor "Pare Ko" but without success; the public was said to have found its OPM Fab Four in Eraserheads, opening the second wave of band invasion. The Eraserheadsmania was born. In October 1994, Eraserheads released a follow-up album entitled Circus; the band said. The album was unpredictable and unconventional compared to the OPM ballads at that time, established the band members as songwriters and musicians; the songs varied in mood, ranging from euphoric and hilarious to tender and somber.
In the same year, Eraserheads played during the Miss Universe Pageant, held in Manila. Four of the songs became successive hits: "Kailan", "Magasin", "Alapaap" and "With a Smile". Circus turned gold in just 30 days with 20,000 copies sold, it turned quintuple platinum with 200,000 copies sold. But like ultraelectromagneticpop!, it too had its share of controversy. In August 1995, Senator Tito Sotto, involved in an anti-drug campaign at that time, called for a ban on the airplay and sales of "Alapaap" over an alleged promotion of drug abuse in the lyrics of the song. In response, Eraserheads denied the allegation, saying that it was just a misinterpretation, that the song was the band's "ode to freedom", not an "ode to drug abuse". One interesting innovation of Circus album is Track 16, "Prof. Banlaoi's Transcendental Medication After Every Six Months Or Punk Zappa Three" composed by Marcus. It's a filler track named after Adoro's friend and dorm-mate, Prof. Rommel Banlaoi, a political science teacher and a security studies expert.
Adoro and Banlaoi, along with Zabala and Marasigan, belong to the University of the Philippines, Diliman Batch 88. The group’s third studio album Cutt
ASAP (TV program)
All-Star Sunday Afternoon Party, reformatted as ASAP Natin'To, is the longest-running Sunday noontime musical variety show in the Philippines. Shown on ABS-CBN, it is presented by Martin Nievera, Zsa Zsa Padilla, Gary Valenciano, Piolo Pascual, Sarah Geronimo, Luis Manzano, Erik Santos, Daniel Padilla, Ogie Alcasid, Regine Velasquez; the show is seen worldwide through the subscription-based global TV The Filipino Channel Sunday from 11:45 am to 2:30 pm, with an encore telecast on Jeepney TV every Sunday from 8:15 pm to 10:00 pm. It has been shown every Sunday since its pilot episode on February 5, 1995, surpassing rival network GMA's GMA Supershow’s record of nearly two decades. In October 2015, ASAP became the first live entertainment program in the Philippines to be broadcast in true high-definition picture, the other being a sports program; when Sa Linggo nAPO Sila became'Sang Linggo nAPO Sila to replace Eat Bulaga, a TV show was conceptualized by a group of production people from the displaced APO show in January 1995 as a "concert party" on Sundays.
Martin Nievera accidentally joined the group while on break from taping his eponymous talk show. He gave the show the title acronym ASAP; the production group decided to bring him and Pops Fernandez, along with Ariel Rivera and Dayanara Torres as main hosts for the show. The cast of Pare Ko became co-hosts for the show to attract the younger viewers. In 1996, the show's co-hosting line up evolved as it included different young stars from ABS-CBN's Talent Center; the show celebrated its first anniversary as it wrested the top spot away from its closest rival GMA Supershow. The show became victorious in 1997 as they celebrated their 2nd anniversary from the Araneta Coliseum, as their erstwhile institutional rival show GMA Supershow folded up; the show had their own theme song, Hot na Hot sa ASAP in 1995. In the show's 2nd anniversary, another theme song was released, Better Than Ever. Initial broadcast commenced on February 1995 at the Delta Theatre in Quezon Avenue. In 1997, they transferred to their own studio at the Studio 3 of the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, sharing space with'Sang Linggo nAPO Sila.
However, the show hit a snag when main host Martin Nievera resigned on air because of marital issues with co-host Pops Fernandez. Richard Gomez and Zsa Zsa Padilla joined in to replace Torres. In 1999, the show was broadcast from the Cuneta Astrodome in Pasay City and the University of St. La Salle Coliseum in Bacolod City to usher the second season of the MBA. Magandang Tanghali Bayan main hosts Randy Santiago, John Estrada and Willie Revillame helped out in hosting ASAP from Bacolod while the main hosts were in Cuneta Astrodome. In 2000, they transferred again to their own studio at the Studio 10 of the said address. In 2001, the show created new sensations out of "The Hunks", a new group composed of long-time Kapamilya heartthrobs Piolo Pascual, Diether Ocampo, Jericho Rosales, Carlos Agassi and Bernard Palanca, their phenomenal success as a group made noise around Philippine entertainment circles as they stormed their way through various appearances within ABS-CBN shows and concerts abroad.
ASAP's rival show SOP got wind of the group's popularity by creating a spoof group, "Da HungHunks". In 2002, the show lost former co-host and occasional guest Rico Yan died due to pancreatitis, while Jolina Magdangal left ASAP and she transferred to GMA Network to join SOP, along with Marvin Agustin which he be at the network in 2006. In 2003, the show was reformatted as ASAP Mania; some original main hosts like Ariel Rivera, Pops Fernandez and Richard Gomez left while Martin Nievera returned on a semi-regular basis. The biggest talent acquisition of the show however were Gary Valenciano and Kuh Ledesma who decided to sign an exclusive contract with the Kapamilya Network and shared the former's creative inputs to make the show more interesting; some ASAP segments like Star in a Million and Victim became a hit with the viewers that ABS-CBN management decided to turn both segments into full-length shows. The move resulted into the network regaining lost audiences on weekends as both shows rated high against their respective counterparts.
In the same year the show simulcasted on ABS-CBN's sister station Studio 23, though it lasted for a few months. In 2004, ASAP celebrated its year-long 10th anniversary and regained leadership with the addition of singing champions from Viva-produced singing contests Star for a Night and Search for a Star and ABS-CBN's Star in a Million along with their runners-up, it introduced a spin-off show ASAP Fanatic to serve as a venue for its new young stars to perform and interact with fans. In 2005 the format changed to ASAP'05 and added rising TV host Toni Gonzaga and commercial model-turned singer Nikki Gil. In 2006, the show absorbed talents from the displaced spin-off show ASAP Fanatic and became a three-hour show, it launched a somewhat complicated logo resembling LED lights where the words ASAP were made out of dots connected, in use until 2014. In February 2007, Asia's Nightingale Lani Misalucha joined the show on a temporary basis while ex-SOP performers Karylle (daughter of Zsa Zsa P
ABS-CBN
ABS-CBN Corporation known as ABS-CBN, is a Filipino media and entertainment group based in Quezon City, Philippines. It is the Philippines' largest entertainment and media conglomerate in terms of revenue, operating income, net income, equity, market capitalization, number of employees. ABS-CBN was formed by the merger of Chronicle Broadcasting Network. ABS was founded in 1946 by American electronics engineer James Lindenberg as Bolinao Electronics Corporation. In 1952, BEC was renamed Alto Broadcasting System, after Judge Antonio Quirino — brother of President Elpidio Quirino, who purchased the company; the company that would be merged with ABS to form ABS-CBN was founded in 1956 as Chronicle Broadcasting Network by newspaper mogul Eugenio Lopez, Sr. and his brother Fernando Lopez, the Vice President of the Philippines. The two companies were merged and incorporated as ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation on 1 February 1967, renamed ABS-CBN Corporation in 2010 to reflect the company's diversification.
The common shares of ABS-CBN were first traded on the Philippine Stock Exchange in July 1992 under the ticker symbol ABS. The group owns and operates the ABS-CBN and ABS-CBN Sports+Action national television networks as well as the Radyo Patrol and My Only Radio regional radio networks; the ABS-CBN television network - in particular, is the largest contributor to the group's revenue, generating about 50 to 60 percent of the group's total annual revenue from selling airtime to advertisers. The remaining revenue is generated from consumer sales from ABS-CBN Global Ltd. which distributes international television channels such as The Filipino Channel and Myx TV and from pay TV and broadband internet provider Sky. Other companies which operate under the ABS-CBN group are motion picture company Star Cinema, music recording label Star Music, publishing firm ABS-CBN Publishing, pay TV content provider and distributor Creative Programs, talent agency Star Magic. Among the pay TV networks and channels under the ABS-CBN group are ABS-CBN HD, ABS-CBN News Channel, ABS-CBN Sports+Action HD, Cinema One, Jeepney TV, Metro Channel and Myx.
In recent years, ABS-CBN has ventured and diversified in other businesses such as over-the-top platform iWant, digital terrestrial television service ABS-CBN TV Plus, family entertainment center Kidzania Manila, home shopping network O Shopping. ABS-CBN is the principal owner of the ABS-CBN Philharmonic Orchestra; the nucleus of ABS-CBN Corporation began in 1946 with Bolinao Electronics Corporation. BEC was established by James Lindenberg, one of the founding fathers of Philippine television, an American electronics engineer who went into radio equipment assembly and radio broadcasting. At that time, the largest media company was Manila Broadcasting, with DZRH as the leading radio station. In 1949, James Lindenberg shifted Bolinao to radio broadcasting with DZBC and masterminded the introduction of television to the country in 1953. In 1951, Lindenberg partnered with Antonio Quirino, brother of then-Philippine President Elpidio Quirino, in order to try their hand at television broadcasting. In 1952, BEC was renamed as Alto Broadcasting System or ABS.
"Alto" was a contraction of Quirino's and his wife's first names and Aleli. Though they had little money and resources, ABS was able to put up its TV tower by July 1953 and import some 300 television sets; the initial test broadcasts began on September of the same year. The first full-blown broadcast, was on 23 October 1953, of a party in Tony Quirino's humble abode; the television station was known as DZAQ-TV. In turn, on 24 September 1956, the Chronicle Broadcasting Network was organized; the network, which focused only on radio broadcasting, was owned by Don Eugenio Lopez, Sr. and the then- Philippine Vice President Fernando Lopez, on launched its own TV station, DZXL-TV 9 in April 19, 1958. In 1957, Don Eugenio acquired ABS from Lindenberg. However, it was only on 1 February 1967, that the corporate name was changed to ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation to reflect the merger. Before, it was named ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation, the name was reverted to the precursor of the network, Bolinao Electronics Corporation or BEC, but the ABS-CBN brand was first used in 1961.
In 1958, the network's new headquarters at Roxas Boulevard were inaugurated, all radio and television operations were consolidated into its two buildings, the radio stations at the Chronicle Building at Aduana Street, Intramuros and the TV operations at the brand new Roxas Boulevard building in Pasay City. In the late 1950s, Don Eugenio's son, Geny Lopez saw the potential of TV and radio to reach and link Filipinos across the archipelago. By the mid-1960s, the ABS network was leading the radio industry, with stations like DZXL and DZAQ Radyo Patrol in the Manila area, which featured journalists like Ernie Baron, Bong Lapira, Orly Mercado, Joe Taruc, Mario Garcia, Jun Ricafrente, Bobby Guanzon, Rey Langit, various other stations nationwide. ABS made breakthroughs in the TV industry by achieving the country's first color TV broadcast, first satellite feed, first use of videotape, among others, it featured top shows such as Your Evening with Pilita and Tawag ng Tanghalan, the country's first comedy show Buhay Artista, first Philippine game show, What's My Living and the first noontime show Student Canteen, among others.
It was pioneering in marathon election coverage in 1967 when the TV & radio stations of the networ
Pinoy rock
Pinoy rock, or Filipino rock, is the brand of rock music produced in the Philippines or by Filipinos. It has become as diverse as the rock music genre itself, bands adopting this style are now further classified under more specific genres or combinations of genres like alternative rock, post-grunge, new wave, pop rock, punk rock, reggae, heavy metal and indie; because these genres are considered to fall under the broad rock music category, Pinoy rock may be more defined as rock music with Filipino cultural sensibilities. In the early 1960s, as electric instruments and new technology became available, instrumental American and British bands like The Shadows and The Ventures flourished. In 1963, during the British Invasion, bands such as The Beatles rose to mainstream audiences worldwide, their widespread popularity and their embrace of the counterculture injected the possibility of socio-political lyrics with mature comments on real life into popular music. Immensely influenced by this new breed of British artists, many Filipino bands began adopting similar musical styles.
One of the first popular Filipino balladeers was Bobby Gonzales, whose major hit was "Hahabul-Habol". Eddie Mesa, another teen idol from the period, became known as the "Elvis Presley of the Philippines". Back many Filipinos referred to rock bands as "combos", many of which used nontraditional instruments like floor-bass bongos and gas tanks. Into the early 1970s, Filipino music was growing more nationalistic and socio-political in nature, as well as using Tagalog more often. Pop music still dominated the airwaves with disco and funk bands such as the APO Hiking Society and Hotdog. Songs like Hotdog's "Ikaw ang Miss Universe ng Buhay Ko" combined Filipino and English within the same song; this helped innovate the so-called "Manila Sound". OPM became popular. However, emerging social and political consciousness somehow creeped into the industry with the traditional allied genres that are folk and rock music. Folk musicians and bands included Freddie Aguilar, Heber Bartolome and Florante. Asin, an ethnic-folk band, was the first commercial band to bring a pro-environment song to the airwaves with "Masdan Mo ang Kapaligiran".
Famous for providing subtle rebellious and peace messages behind its skillful vocal harmonizing, Asin gave the masses hits such as "Bayan Kong Sinilangan" and "Balita". Juan de la Cruz Band, a garage and blues-rock influenced group consisting of drummer Joey "Pepe" Smith, bassist Mike Hanopol, lead guitarist Wally Gonzales, are credited for ushering in the first "rock & roll revolution" in the Philippines that lasted from the late'60s to the late'70s. Being influenced by the counterculture, the bands of the'70s were known to have never been sidelined commercially and sometimes took the center stage by storm; the radio station DZRJ the AM weekend "Pinoy Rock and Rhythm" show hosted by the ex-Fine Arts student from Philippine Women's University named Dante David, a.k.a. Howlin' Dave, provided the much-needed publicity to Pinoy rock during this era. In the early to mid-1980s, groups like RP, with Goff Macaraeg and Bob Aves, Sinaglahi, UP Sintunado, Patatag and soloists like the nationalist folk rock singers Paul Galang and Jess Santiago, the progressive folk duo Inang Laya, the progressive Pinoy rock band The Jerks, Noel Cabangon were a hit on street concerts and campus tours.
These groups of artists reunited and formed Buklod, which Rom Donggeto of Sinaglahi, Noel Cabangon and Rene Bongcocan of Lingkod Sining took as their new band name when it disbanded after the EDSA Revolution. The Dawn is another Pinoy rock band; the Dawn released their independently released single "Enveloped Ideas" in 1986. Many music journalists and enthusiasts, as well as musicians themselves, attributed the flourishing in the mid-'80s of new wave and post-punk influenced bands to DWXB-FM, which began playing independently released singles of unsigned local bands. Other bands emerged including Dean's December, Ethnic Faces, Identity Crisis and Violent Playground, all of which were able to record and release their respective albums in the years that followed. Another band named; the group was established in July 1983. Guevara and Bobby Wuds Balingit were sing-along home boys that were born and bred in the streets of a tough Manila neighborhood. Before forming the group and Balingit had first created an acoustic folk singing group called Think God, playing covers of James Taylor and Crosby and Nash songs at various Shakey's Pizza parlors in the Philippines.
They changed their name to The Woods. Bobby Wuds continues to perform. During the start of the decade, The Hayp and AfterImage were among the prominent bands enjoying mainstream recognition. An underground music scene was burgeoning in some unknown bars in Manila. Red Rocks, together
