1.
Hockey Hall of Fame
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The Hockey Hall of Fame is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dedicated to the history of ice hockey, it is a museum and it holds exhibits about players, teams, National Hockey League records, memorabilia and NHL trophies, including the Stanley Cup. Founded in Kingston, Ontario, the Hockey Hall of Fame was established in 1943 under the leadership of James T. Sutherland, the first class of honoured members was inducted in 1945, before the Hall of Fame had a permanent location. It moved to Toronto in 1958 after the NHL withdrew its support for the International Hockey Hall of Fame in Kingston and its first permanent building opened at Exhibition Place in 1961. In 1993, the hall was relocated to a former Bank of Montreal building in Downtown Toronto, an 18-person committee of players, coaches and others meets annually in June to select new honourees, who are inducted as players, builders or on-ice officials. In 2010, a subcategory was established for female players, the builders category includes coaches, general managers, commentators, team owners and others who have helped build the game. As of 2016,271 players,105 builders and 16 on-ice officials have been inducted into the Hall of Fame, the Hall of Fame has been criticized for focusing mainly on players from the National Hockey League and largely ignoring players from other North American and international leagues. The Hockey Hall of Fame was established through the efforts of James T. Sutherland, Sutherland sought to establish it in Kingston, Ontario as he believed that the city was the birthplace of hockey. In 1943, the NHL and CAHA reached an agreement that a Hall of Fame would be established in Kingston, originally called the International Hockey Hall of Fame, its mandate was to honour great hockey players and to raise funds for a permanent location. The first nine honoured members were inducted on April 30,1945, although the Hall of Fame still did not have a permanent home. The first board of governors consisted of Red Dutton, Art Ross, Frank Sargent, Lester Patrick, Abbie E. H. Coo, Wes McKnight, Basil E. OMeara, J. P. Fitzgerald and W. A. Hewitt. Kingston lost its most influential advocate as permanent site of the Hockey Hall of Fame when Sutherland died in 1955, by 1958, the Hockey Hall of Fame had still not raised sufficient funds to construct a permanent building in Kingston. Clarence Campbell, then President of the NHL, grew tired of waiting for the construction to begin and withdrew the NHLs support to situate the hall in Kingston. The temporary Hockey Hall of Fame opened as an exhibit within the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in August 1958, due to the success of the exhibit, NHL and CNE decided that a permanent home in the Exhibition Place was needed. The NHL agreed to fund the building of the new facility on the grounds of Exhibition Place. The first permanent Hockey Hall of Fame, which shared a building with the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, was opened on August 26,1961, over 750,000 people visited the Hall in its inaugural year. Admission to the Hockey Hall of Fame was free until 1980, by 1986, the Hall of Fame was running out of room in its existing facilities and the Board of Directors decided that a new home was needed. The Hall vacated the Exhibition Place building in 1992, and its half was taken over by the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, the building was eventually demolished — a portion of the buildings facade was preserved as an entrance to BMO Field stadium
2.
Montreal
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Montreal, officially Montréal, is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada as a whole. Originally called Ville-Marie, or City of Mary, it is believed to be named after Mount Royal, the city has a distinct four-season continental climate, with warm-to-hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In 2016, Montreal had a population of 1,704,694, Montreals metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,927 and a population of 1,958,257 in the urban agglomeration, with all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal included. Legally a French-speaking city,60. 5% of Montrealers speak French at home,21. 2% speak English and 19. 8% speak neither, Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 56% of the population able to speak both official languages. Montreal is the second-largest primarily French-speaking city in the world after Paris, historically the commercial capital of Canada, it was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, culture, tourism, gaming, film, Montreal was also named a UNESCO City of Design. In 2009, Montreal was named North Americas leading host city for international events, according to the 2009 preliminary rankings of the International Congress. According to the 2015 Global Liveability Ranking by the Economist Intelligence Unit, in the 2017 edition of their Best Student Cities ranking, Quacquarelli Symonds ranked Montreal as the worlds best city to study abroad. Also, Montreal has 11 universities with 170,000 students enrolled, the Greater Montréal region has the highest number of university students per capita among all metropolitan areas in North America. It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics, currently, the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival. In 2012, Montreal was ranked as a Beta+ world city, in Kanien’kéha, or Mohawk language, the island is called Tiohtià, ke Tsi or Ka-wé-no-te. In Anishinaabemowin, or Ojibwe language, the land is called Mooniyaang, though the city was first named by French colonizers Ville Marie, or City of Mary, its current name comes from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The most popular theory is that the name derives from Mont Réal, Cartiers 1535 diary entry, naming the mountain, according to the Commission de toponymie du Québec and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, Canadian place names have only one official form. Thus, Montreal is officially spelled with an accent over the e in both English and French. In practice, this is limited to governmental uses. English-speaking Montrealers, including English-language media, regularly omit the accent when writing in English, archaeological evidence demonstrates that First Nations native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago. By the year AD1000, they had started to cultivate maize, within a few hundred years, they had built fortified villages. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at locations in the valley since at least the 14th century
3.
Quebec
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Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. Quebec is Canadas largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division and it also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canadas second-most populous province, after Ontario, most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area, the Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples. Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas, Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province. Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995, in 2006, the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the Québécois as a nation within a united Canada. These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada, early variations in the spelling of the name included Québecq and Kébec. French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the name Québec in 1608 for the colonial outpost he would use as the seat for the French colony of New France. The province is sometimes referred to as La belle province, the Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada to Britain after the Seven Years War. The proclamation restricted the province to an area along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River, the Treaty of Versailles ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. After the Constitutional Act of 1791, the territory was divided between Lower Canada and Upper Canada, with each being granted an elected legislative assembly, in 1840, these become Canada East and Canada West after the British Parliament unified Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. This territory was redivided into the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario at Confederation in 1867, each became one of the first four provinces. In 1898, the Canadian Parliament passed the first Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal peoples. This was followed by the addition of the District of Ungava through the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act of 1912 that added the northernmost lands of the Inuit to create the modern Province of Quebec. In 1927, the border between Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador was established by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Located in the part of Canada, and part of Central Canada. Its topography is very different from one region to another due to the composition of the ground, the climate. The Saint Lawrence Lowland and the Canadian Shield are the two main regions, and are radically different
4.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
5.
Ice hockey
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Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball
6.
Defenceman
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Defence in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring. They are often referred to as defencemen, D, D-men or blueliners, a good defenceman is both strong in defensive and offensive play and for defenceman pairing also need to be good at defending and attacking. In regular play, two defencemen complement three forwards and a goaltender on the ice, organized play of ice hockey originates from the first indoor game in Montreal in 1875. In subsequent years, the players per side were reduced to seven per side, positions were standardized, and two correspond to the two defencemen of current six-man rules. These were designated as cover point and point, although they lined up behind the center, decades later, defencemen were standardized into playing left and right sides of the ice. According to one of the earliest books on ice hockey, Farrells Hockey, Canadas Royal Winter Game, Mike Grant of the Montreal Victorias and he should not stray too far from his place, because oftentimes he is practically a second goal-minder. Although he should remain close to his goal-keeper, he should never obstruct that mans view of the puck, in his capacity of a defence player, he should linger around his goals as long as the puck is near. It is by playing far up under these circumstances that a clever cover-point can chine to the advantage of his team. If he has an opening he should shoot well for the goals. Each year the NHL, the ice hockey league in the world. Bobby Orr of the Boston Bruins – an eight-time Norris Trophy recipient – is often considered to be the greatest defenceman in NHL, in addition to his Norris Trophy honours, he is the only defenceman in NHL history to capture the Art Ross Trophy as the leagues leading scorer. In 1998, Orr was selected as the best defenceman of all-time in The Hockey News Top 100 NHL Players of all-time, conversely, according to the IIHF Centennial All-Star Team, the greatest defencemen to play in IIHF-sanctioned international competition are Vyacheslav Fetisov and Börje Salming. Defence players are often described by the amount they participate in the offence, the extreme of non-participation in offence is a Stay-at-home defender, who takes few risks and does not score much, instead focusing on defending against the opposing team. The extreme of participation is a defenceman, who gets aggressively involved in the teams offence. To accomplish this, the defence player often pinches in to keep the play from going offside and moves towards the halfboards. This makes it difficult for the team to protect their net from being scored upon if the team can maintain control of the puck. However, this can lead to more odd man rushes and breakaway opportunities for the team if the defender does not succeed. Bobby Orrs end-to-end rushing allowed him to defend effectively as well as attack, by contrast, Paul Coffey enjoyed high offensive production but his defensive play was considered mediocre for most of his career
7.
National Hockey Association
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The National Hockey Association, officially the National Hockey Association of Canada Limited, was a professional ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. It is the predecessor to todays National Hockey League. Founded in 1909 by Ambrose OBrien, the NHA introduced six-man hockey by removing the rover position in 1911, during its lifetime, the league coped with competition for players with the rival Pacific Coast Hockey Association, the enlistment of players for World War I and disagreements between owners. The disagreements between owners came to a head in 1917, when the NHA suspended operations in order to get rid of an unwanted owner. The remaining NHA team owners started the NHL in parallel as a measure, to continue play while negotiations went on with Livingstone. A year later, after no progress was reached with Livingstone, the NHAs rules, constitution and trophies were continued in the NHL. In November 1909, the Eastern Canada Hockey Association, holder of the Stanley Cup, the Montreal Wanderers team of the ECHA had been bought by P. J. Doran, owner of the Jubilee Rink in Montreal and he intended to move the teams games there. The Jubilee was smaller than the Wanderers current rink, the Montreal Arena which meant visiting teams would earn less on their trips to play the Wanderers. On November 25,1909, the teams in the league disbanded the ECHA and formed the new Canadian Hockey Association. The team had applied to the Stanley Cup trustees as champions of the Federal League, at the November 25 CHA founding meeting, held at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal, OBrien applied to join the CHA but the application was rejected. Sitting in the lobby of the hotel after the CHA meeting, OBrien met Jimmy Gardner of the Wanderers, together, they decided to form their own league, the National Hockey Association. At the same time, to build a rivalry and capture francophone interest in Montreal, OBrien and Gardner conceived of creating a team consisting of francophone players, to be managed by francophones. In all, OBrien and his father, Michael John OBrien, were financing four teams in the league, the Renfrew Creamery Kings, Cobalt, Haileybury, the Cobalt and Haileybury clubs were from the Timiskaming Professional Hockey League and Renfrew from the Federal Hockey League. Along with the Wanderers, the league had five teams, the OBriens were determined to win the Stanley Cup and a bidding war for players immediately started. Frank Patrick and Lester Patrick were each signed by the Renfrew Millionaires for $3,000 apiece, Renfrew also signed star player Cyclone Taylor of the champion Ottawa Senators team, reputedly at $5,000 per season. Attendance at the CHA games was poor and a meeting of the NHA was held on January 15,1910 to discuss a merger of the two leagues. Instead, the NHA admitted Ottawa and the Montreal Shamrocks to the NHA, the owners of the Montreal Le National were offered the ownership of the Canadiens but turned it down. The Quebec Bulldogs and the teams of the CHA were not even considered for membership
8.
Renfrew Creamery Kings
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The Renfrew Hockey Club, also known as the Creamery Kings and the Millionaires, was a founding franchise in 1909 of the National Hockey Association, the precursor to the National Hockey League. The team was based in Renfrew, Ontario, with fellow rejectee Montreal Wanderers, OBrien founded the NHA, along with franchises in Cobalt, Haileybury and Montreal. In consequence the team became widely nicknamed the millionaires, in addition, OBrien secured the services of Newsy Lalonde midseason from the Canadiens franchise, and Lalonde would wind up the season the NHAs first scoring champion. Coached by Ottawa Senators legend and future Hall of Famer Alf Smith and its second and final season, Renfrew lost Lalonde to the new Montreal Canadiens team, and finished 8-8, with Don Smith and Odie Cleghorn being the leading scorers. Renfrews final major professional game was a 7-6 victory on March 7,1911, thereafter, with it being apparent that the small towns such as Renfrew, Cobalt and Haileybury could not support major senior hockey, OBrien folded the franchise for good. The Renfrew Creamery Kings, The Valley Boys of Winter 1910, burnstown, Ontario, General Store Publishing House,1990
9.
Montreal Wanderers
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The Montreal Wanderers were a Canadian amateur, and later professional, mens ice hockey team. The team played in the Federal Amateur Hockey League, the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association, the Wanderers were four-time Stanley Cup winners. Prior to the formation of the NHL, the Redbands were one of the most successful teams in hockey, James Strachan announced the formation of the new club on December 1,1903. McKerrow President, James Strachan Vice-president, George Guile Secretary, Tom J. Hodge The club had formed over a dispute over the control of the Montreal Hockey Club, the Wanderers nickname was the namesake of several earlier Montreal teams. The first had played in the Montreal Winter Carnival hockey tournament in 1884, another was an independent team that played in 1893. A third played in the Independent Amateur Hockey League in 1885, along with teams rejected for membership in the Canadian Amateur Hockey League, the club helped found the Federal Amateur Hockey League on December 5,1903. Many of the early Wanderers had been members of the Montreal Hockey Club team of 1902–03 and that team had been known as the Little Men of Iron because of the players tenacity and small stature, and the nickname carried over to the new club. The Wanderers first Stanley Cup challenge was played against the Ottawa Hockey Club on March 2,1904, the Wanderers would refuse to continue the series unless the tie was replayed in Montreal, and forfeited the series. This was the start of a rivalry as Ottawa and the Wanderers would split the championship between them from 1903 until 1911. Ottawa and the Wanderers would meet again in 1906, after a regular season tie for first place in the ECAHA, and played a total goals series for the league championship. The Wanderers won the first game in Montreal 9–1, Montreal defended the Cup in its first challenge as champions in December 1906. The Wanderers defeated the New Glasgow Cubs 17–5 in a total goals series. Montreal repeated as champions in 1907, then faced the Kenora Thistles in a Cup challenge in January 1907. Kenora defeated Montreal 4–2 and 8–6, taking the Cup back to Northern Ontario, the Wanderers would regain the Cup from Kenora two months later in Winnipeg, Manitoba, defeating the Thistles 7–2 and 5–6. The Wanderers won their third league title in 1908 while defending the Cup in a mid-season challenge by the Ottawa Victorias in January. After their third consecutive ECAHA title, the Wanderers were given its trophy, the Cup is on display in the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto. After the 1908 regular season, Montreal defended the Stanley Cup twice in March 1908, in challenges by the Winnipeg Maple Leafs, the 1908 Wanderers team scratched their names inside the bowl, which was just prior to the second band being added to the Cup. The team included five future Honoured Members of the Hockey Hall of Fame, Moose Johnson, Hod Stuart, Riley Hern, Lester Patrick, before the 1909 season started, Montreal defended its Cup in a challenge by the Edmonton Eskimos, winning 13–10 in two games
10.
National Hockey League
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Headquartered in New York City, the NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the playoff champion at the end of each season. At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, the league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams. After a labour-management dispute that led to the cancellation of the entire 2004–05 season, in 2009, the NHL enjoyed record highs in terms of sponsorships, attendance, and television audiences. The league draws many highly skilled players from all over the world, canadians have historically constituted the majority of the players in the league, with an increasing percentage of American and European players in recent seasons. The National Hockey League was established in 1917 as the successor to the National Hockey Association, founded in 1909, the NHA began play one year later with seven teams in Ontario and Quebec, and was one of the first major leagues in professional ice hockey. Realizing the NHA constitution left them unable to force Livingstone out, the four teams voted instead to suspend the NHA, frank Calder was chosen as its first president, serving until his death in 1943. The Bulldogs were unable to play, and the remaining owners created a new team in Toronto, the first games were played on December 19,1917. The Montreal Arena burned down in January 1918, causing the Wanderers to cease operations, the NHL replaced the NHA as one of the leagues that competed for the Stanley Cup, which was an interleague competition back then. Toronto won the first NHL title, and then defeated the Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association for the 1918 Stanley Cup. The Canadiens won the title in 1919, however their Stanley Cup Final against the PCHAs Seattle Metropolitans was abandoned as a result of the Spanish Flu epidemic. Montreal in 1924 won their first Stanley Cup as a member of the NHL, the Hamilton Tigers, won the regular season title in 1924–25 but refused to play in the championship series unless they were given a C$200 bonus. The league refused and declared the Canadiens the league champion after defeated the Toronto St. Patricks in the semi-final. Montreal was then defeated by the Victoria Cougars of the Western Canada Hockey League for the 1925 Stanley Cup and it was the last time a non-NHL team won the trophy, as the Stanley Cup became the de facto NHL championship in 1926 after the WCHL ceased operation. The National Hockey League embarked on rapid expansion in the 1920s, adding the Montreal Maroons, the Bruins were the first American team in the league. The New York Americans began play in 1925 after purchasing the assets of the Hamilton Tigers, the New York Rangers were added in 1926. The Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Cougars were also added after the league purchased the assets of the defunct WCHL, a group purchased the Toronto St. Patricks in 1927 and immediately renamed them the Maple Leafs. The first NHL All-Star Game was held in 1934 to benefit Ace Bailey, the second was held in 1937 in support of Howie Morenzs family when he died of a coronary embolism after breaking his leg during a game
11.
Ottawa Senators (original)
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The Ottawa Senators were a professional, ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954. The club was the first hockey club in Ontario, a member of the National Hockey League. The club, which was officially the Ottawa Hockey Club, was known by nicknames, including the Generals in the 1890s, the Silver Seven from 1903 to 1907. Generally acknowledged by historians as one of the greatest teams of the early days of the sport. Ottawa HC played in the first season during which the Stanley Cup was challenged in 1893, the club repeated its success in the 1920s, winning the Stanley Cup in 1920,1921,1923 and 1927. In total, the won the Stanley Cup eleven times. In 1950, Canadian sports editors selected the Ottawa HC/Senators as Canadas greatest team in the first half of the 20th century. The club competed in the NHL until the 1933–34 season, when it relocated the NHL franchise to St. Louis, Missouri, the organization continued the Senators as an amateur, and later semi-professional, team in Quebec senior mens leagues until 1954. The Ottawa Hockey Club was founded by a group of like-minded hockey enthusiasts. A month after witnessing games of hockey at the 1883 Montreal Winter Carnival, Halder Kirby, Jack Kerr and Frank Jenkins met, being the first organized ice hockey club in Ottawa, and also the first in Ontario, the club had no other clubs to play that season. The only activities that winter were practices at the Royal Rink starting on March 5,1883, the club first participated competitively at the 1884 Montreal Winter Carnival ice hockey tournament wearing red and black uniforms. Future Ottawa mayor Nelson Porter is recorded as the scorer of the clubs first-ever goal, Frank Jenkins was the first captain of the team, he later became the president of the Hockey Club in 1891 and of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada in 1892. For the 1885 season, the club adopted gold and blue as its colours, Ottawa earned its first-ever victory at the tournament over the Montreal Victorias, but lost its final match to the Montreal Hockey Club to place second in the tournament. The 1886 Montreal tournament was cancelled due to an outbreak of smallpox, on December 8,1886, the first championship league, the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada was founded in Montreal. It was composed of clubs from Montreal plus a Quebec City club. Ottawas Thomas D. Green was named the first president of the league, under the format, Ottawa lost the one challenge it played in that first 1887 season to the Montreal Victorias. After that season, Ottawa HC became inactive, the Royal Rink, which had been their primary facility, had been converted to a roller skating rink, and ice rink facilities were at a shortage. This changed with the opening of the Rideau Skating Rink in February 1889, One of the principal organizers in the restarting of the team was Ottawa Journal publisher P. D. Ross, who also played on the team
12.
Toronto St. Patricks
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The Toronto St. Patricks were a professional mens ice hockey team which began playing in the National Hockey League in 1919. The Toronto NHL franchise had previously held by the Arena Company. The rights to the Toronto franchise was purchased by a group of investors with links to a club called the St. Patricks. The new owners renamed the NHL franchise after the amateur club, the name remained until 1927, when the franchise was sold to a partnership of Conn Smythe and other Torontonian investors and renamed the Toronto Maple Leafs. The St. Pats organization had operated amateur hockey clubs in the Toronto area since the first decade of the 1900s, including the senior amateur St. Patricks team in the Ontario Hockey Association. The Toronto franchise of the National Hockey League, since the NHLs founding in 1917, had operated by the Arena Company. This temporary franchise won the Stanley Cup in 1918 and this new organization was duly admitted to the NHL as a full member in good standing, touching off a new round of litigation with Livingstone which forced the Arenas to unload most of their stars. They only won five games in 1918-19, and were forced to suspend operations in February, Livingstone won a $20,000 judgment against the Arena Company, which declared bankruptcy to avoid paying the bill. Before the 1919–20 season, general manager Charlie Querrie learned that the Arena Company wanted to sell, as an interim measure, Querrie changed the team name to the Tecumsehs on December 7,1919. The following day, Querrie reached agreement with the owners of the amateur St. Patricks club to purchase the franchise, frank Heffernan was named as manager. On December 13,1919, the NHL transferred the Toronto franchise to the Querrie-St. Patricks group, for the fee of $5,000. The incorporation date of the club was December 22,1919, and listed Fred Hambly, Percy Hambly, Paul Ciceri and Querrie with 99 shares each, and Richard Greer with 4 shares. This move was possible because the Arena Hockey Club was a self-contained corporation, additionally, with the poor performance of the previous season, and the turnover in franchise management, the franchise essentially started over. The club improved to second and third-place finishes in the halves of the schedule, in 1920–21, the club placed second and first in the schedule halves, enough to make a playoff appearance. Unfortunately, the Super Six of Ottawa would dominate the club 7–0 in a total goals playoff. The experience would be helpful in the season, however. In the 1921–22 season, the St. Pats made their first, after placing second in the league standings, the club upset first place Ottawa to win the NHL championship and face Vancouver in the final. A fifth and deciding game five was necessary in this series to determine who would win the Cup, after Vancouver won game one, 4–3, Babe Dye scored 4,50 into overtime of game two to give Toronto a 2–1 win
13.
Montreal Canadiens
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The Montreal Canadiens are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the clubs official name is le Club de hockey Canadien. The team is referred to in English and French as the Habs. French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens, Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge, La Sainte-Flanelle, Le Tricolore, Les Glorieux, Les Habitants, Le CH and Le Grand Club. Founded in 1909, the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide, the franchise is one of the Original Six teams, a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion. The teams championship season in 1992–93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup, the Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise. They have won 24 Stanley Cups,22 of them since 1927, on a percentage basis, as of 2014, the franchise has won 25. Since 1996, the Canadiens have played their games at Centre Bell. The team previously played at the Montreal Forum which housed the team for seven decades and all, the Canadiens were founded by J. Ambrose OBrien on December 4,1909, as a charter member of the National Hockey Association, the forerunner to the National Hockey League. It was to be the team of the community in Montreal, composed of francophone players. The teams first season was not a success, as they placed last, after the first year, ownership was transferred to George Kennedy of Montreal and the teams fortunes improved over the next seasons. The team won its first Stanley Cup championship in the 1915–16 season, in 1917, with four other NHA teams, the Canadiens formed the NHL, and they won their first NHL Stanley Cup during the 1923–24 season, led by Howie Morenz. The team moved from the Mount Royal Arena to the Montreal Forum for the 1926–27 season, the club began the 1930s decade successfully, with Stanley Cup wins in 1930 and 1931. The Canadiens and its rival, the Montreal Maroons, declined both on the ice and economically during the Great Depression. Losses grew to the point where the team owners considering selling the team to interests in Cleveland, Ohio, the Maroons still suspended operations, and several of their players moved to the Canadiens. Led by the Punch Line of Maurice Rocket Richard, Toe Blake and Elmer Lach in the 1940s, the Canadiens added ten more championships in 15 seasons from 1965 to 1979, with another dynastic run of four-straight Cups from 1976 to 1979. In the 1976–77 season, the Canadiens set two still-standing team records — for most points, with 132, and fewest losses, by losing eight games in an 80-game season. The next season, 1977–78, the team had a 28-game unbeaten streak, scotty Bowman, who would later set a record for most NHL victories by a coach, was the teams head coach for its last five Stanley Cup victories in the 1970s
14.
Boston Bruins
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The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston, Massachusetts. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the team has been in existence since 1924, and is the leagues third-oldest team and is the oldest in the United States. It is also an Original Six franchise, along with the Chicago Blackhawks, Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Canadiens, New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs. The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships, tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and their home arena is the TD Garden, where they have played since 1995. The Bruins began play in the NHL on December 1,1924, in 1924, at the convincing of Boston grocery magnate Charles Adams, the National Hockey League decided to expand to the United States. Adams had fallen in love with hockey while watching the 1924 Stanley Cup Finals between the NHL champion Montreal Canadiens and the WCHL champion Calgary Tigers. With the Montreal Maroons, the team was one of the NHLs first expansion teams, Adams first act was to hire Art Ross, a former star player and innovator, as general manager. Ross was the face of the franchise for the thirty years. In 1924, Adams directed Ross to come up with a nickname for the franchise, arthur Ross picked a name by himself. According to him, a Bruin is an animal and alliterative with Boston. The background of the Bruins black and gold colorway dates back to their founder, Black and gold were the colors of Adams’ grocery chain, which made Boston Bruins uniforms a spot to advertise on. On December 1,1924, the new Bruins team played their first NHL game against the Maroons, at Boston Arena, but the team only managed a 6–24–0 record in its first season. In their third season, 1926–27, the team markedly improved, the Bruins reached the Stanley Cup Final despite finishing only one game above.500, but lost to the Ottawa Senators in the first Cup Final to be between exclusively NHL teams. In 1929 the Bruins defeated the New York Rangers to win their first Stanley Cup, standout players on the first championship team included Shore, Harry Oliver, Dit Clapper, Dutch Gainor and goaltender Tiny Thompson. The 1928–29 season was the first played at Boston Garden, which Adams had built after guaranteeing his backers $500,000 in gate receipts over the five years. The 1930s Bruins teams included Shore, Thompson, Clapper, Babe Siebert, the team led the leagues standings five times in the decade. In 1939, the changed its uniform colors from brown and yellow to the current black and gold. That year, Thompson was traded for rookie goaltender Frank Brimsek, Brimsek had an award-winning season, capturing the Vezina and Calder Trophies, becoming the first rookie named to the NHL First All-Star Team, and earning the nickname Mr. Zero
15.
Canadians
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Canadians are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural, for most Canadians, several of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada, Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States. Canadian independence from the United Kingdom grew gradually over the course of years since the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. World War I and World War II in particular gave rise to a desire among Canadians to have their country recognized as a sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Canadas nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom, legislation since the mid 20th century represents Canadians commitment to multilateralism and socioeconomic development. As of 2010, Canadians make up 0. 5% of the total population, having relied upon immigration for population growth. Approximately 41% of current Canadians are first- or second-generation immigrants, and 20 percent of Canadian residents in the 2000s were not born in the country. Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, nearly one-half of Canadians above the age of 15 will be foreign-born or have one foreign-born parent. Aboriginal peoples, according to the 2011 Canadian Census, numbered at 1,400,685 or 4. 3% of the countrys 33,476,688 population. The French originally settled New France, in present-day Quebec and Ontario, approximately 100 Irish-born families would settle the Saint Lawrence Valley by 1700, assimilating into the Canadien population and culture. This arrival of newcomers led to the creation of the Métis, after the War of 1812, British, Scottish and Irish immigration was encouraged throughout Ruperts Land, Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Between 1815 and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America and these new arrivals included some Gaelic-speaking Highland Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances to Nova Scotia. Descendants of Francophone and Anglophone northern Europeans who arrived in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries are often referred to as old stock Canadians. Beginning in the late 1850s, the immigration of Chinese into the Colony of Vancouver Island, the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 eventually placed a head tax on all Chinese immigrants, in hopes of discouraging Chinese immigration after completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The population of Canada has consistently risen, doubling approximately every 40 years, from the mid- to late 19th century, Canada had a policy of assisting immigrants from Europe, including an estimated 100,000 unwanted Home Children from Britain. Block settlement communities were established throughout western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, some were planned and others were spontaneously created by the settlers themselves. Canada was now receiving a number of European immigrants, predominantly Italians, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Poles
16.
Westmount, Quebec
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Westmount is an affluent suburb on the Island of Montreal, in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is an enclave of the city of Montreal, with a population of 19,931 as of the Canada 2011 Census. Westmount is home to schools, an arena, a pool, a public library, the city operates its own electricity distribution company Westmount Light & Power. The city is also the location of two Canadian Forces Primary Reserves, The Royal Montreal Regiment and 34th Signals Regiment, traditionally, the community of Westmount has been a wealthy and predominantly anglophone enclave, having been at one point the richest community in Canada. It now competes with the Vancouver neighborhoods of Shaughnessy, and Kerrisdale, and the Toronto neighborhoods of Lawrence Park, Forest Hill, Rosedale, a former farmhouse from this era, Hurtubise House, still stands and is currently under renovation. The Village of Côte St-Antoine was first incorporated in 1874 and it later became the Town of Côte St-Antoine. It was renamed Westmount, in 1895, reflecting the location of the city on the southwest slope of Mount Royal. During the twentieth century, Westmount became a wealthy Montreal suburb, in the twentieth century, Westmount was home to some of Montreals wealthiest families including the Bronfmans and the Molsons. This made the city a symbolic targets of Front de libération du Québec terrorist bombings in the 1960s, following the death of former Quebec Premier René Lévesque in 1987, the city of Montreal renamed Dorchester Boulevard to René Lévesque Boulevard. After the city of Montreal changed the name, Westmount retained the name of Dorchester on their portion, when asked for comment, Quebec Premier Bernard Landry said the minister had his full support and that the opposition was little more than Quebec bashing. On January 1,2002, as part of the 2002–2006 municipal reorganization of Montreal, it was merged into the city of Montreal, however, after a change of government and a 2004 referendum, it was re-constituted as an independent city on January 1,2006. The city is roughly 4 km2, and occupies an area of land on the face of the southern peak of Mount Royal. The city, most of which is on terrain, extends from the summit to the end of the narrow plateau at the foot of the mountain. Most of the city is residential, homes increase in size and value toward the top of the mountain, with the largest and most expensive being on or near Summit Circle. There are several parks within the city, including King George Park, a forest area is located at Westmount Summit, within Summit Circle. The landscaping design was undertaken in 1912 by M. J. Manning, and comprises large playing fields at the east and south sides, the central area contains an extensive playground, foot paths, ponds and wading pools, and tennis courts. Westmount Public Library, built in 1897, Victoria Hall, Municipal Since regaining its status as a city, Westmount is governed by a City Council made up of a mayor and eight district councillors. The current mayor of Westmount is Peter Trent, in addition to the local city council, Westmount is represented by its mayor on the Montreal Agglomeration Council
17.
Stanley Cup
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The Stanley Cup is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League playoff winner. The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to Montreal HC, and subsequent winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games, Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906. After a series of mergers and folds, it was established as the de facto championship trophy of the NHL in 1926. There are actually three Stanley Cups, the bowl of the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the authenticated Presentation Cup. The NHL has maintained control over both the trophy itself and its associated trademarks. Nevertheless, the NHL does not actually own the trophy, the original bowl was made of silver and is 18.5 centimetres in height and 29 centimetres in diameter. The current Stanley Cup, topped with a copy of the bowl, is made of a silver and nickel alloy, it has a height of 89.54 centimetres. Unlike the trophies awarded by the major professional sports leagues of North America. Originally, the winners kept it until a new champion was crowned, currently, winning teams get the Stanley Cup during the summer and a limited number of days during the season. It is unusual among trophies to include winning members names, every year since 1924, a select portion of the winning players, coaches, management, and club staff names are engraved on its bands. However, there is not enough room to include all the players and non-players, initially a new band added each year, though this caused the trophy to grow in size, earning the nickname Stovepipe Cup. In 1958 the modern one-piece Cup was designed with a barrel which could contain 13 winning teams per band. To prevent the Stanley Cup from growing, when the band is full, the oldest band is removed and preserved in the Hockey Hall of Fame. It has been referred to as The Cup, Lord Stanleys Cup, The Holy Grail, the Stanley Cup is surrounded by numerous legends and traditions, the oldest of which is the celebratory drinking of champagne out of the cup by the winning team. Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 100 times by 18 active NHL teams, prior to that, the challenge cup was held by nine different teams. The Montreal Canadiens have won the Cup a record 24 times and are the most recent Canadian-based team to win the cup, the Stanley Cup was not awarded in 1919 because of a Spanish flu epidemic, and in 2005, as a consequence of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. After the Lord Stanley of Preston was appointed by Queen Victoria as Governor General of Canada on June 11,1888, he, Stanley was first exposed to the game at Montreals 1889 Winter Carnival, where he saw the Montreal Victorias play the Montreal Hockey Club. The Montreal Gazette reported that he expressed his delight with the game of hockey
18.
Odie Cleghorn
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James Ogilvie Odie Cleghorn was a Canadian professional ice hockey player, coach, linesman and referee. His brother Sprague Cleghorn also played ice hockey and the two played several seasons together. Cleghorn played ten seasons in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens and he won a Stanley Cup in 1924 with Montreal. Cleghorn was also a coach of the Pirates and it was during the 1925–26 season that he created the idea of set lines. He would play three set lines that would rotate, before this, the players would only rest when needed. Odie Cleghorns brother Sprague Cleghorn died of injuries following a car accident, just a few hours before Spragues July 14,1956 funeral, Odie Cleghorn, was found in his bed, dead of heart failure, perhaps induced by the stress of the loss of his brother. Odie Cleghorns career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
19.
Violence in ice hockey
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Violence has been a part of ice hockey since at least the early 1900s. According to the book Hockey, A Peoples History, in 1904 alone, four players were killed during hockey games from the frequent brawls, more modern examples of violence include brawls, fan involvement, physical abuse of officials and deliberately injuring opponents. Violent actions such as kicking, hitting from behind and prohibited stickwork, are penalized with suspensions or fines, Fighting, or fisticuffs, is also penalized but is considered by many hockey enthusiasts, particularly in North America, to be quite distinct from stick-swinging or other violent acts. They regard fighting as an entrenched, acceptable and a part of the game. On the ice, referees may impose penalties for prohibited activities, off the ice, the National Hockey League sometimes fines, suspends or expels players. The criminal justice system has also known to investigate, charge. As a result, hockey has become more regulated and the violent element much more controlled. This has been aided, in no part, by dramatic increases in disciplinary processes. Early hockey in particular was noted for its violence, to the point where two players were killed in three years during brawls. In both cases, the assailants were acquitted, but these and other bloody incidents led to calls for the sport to clean up its act or be banned along with the likes of cockfighting. The worst of the violence waned, particularly with the advent of regulations for quasi-legal fisticuffs, the NHLs first president, Frank Calder, expelled Coutu from the NHL for life, the ban was lifted after two-and-a-half years, but Coutu never played in the NHL again. More recently, controversy and criminal charges have resulted from violent attacks by Marty McSorley, Todd Bertuzzi, Players who are banned in the American Hockey League for violence are not permitted in the ECHL, and vice versa, because of their agreements with the Professional Hockey Players Association. In January 2012, David Johnston, the Governor General of Canada, said that such as headshots. There have been two major Canadian reports on violence in hockey, in 1974, William McMurtry provided a report for the Government of Ontario entitled Investigation and Inquiry into Violence in Amateur Hockey. In 2000, Bernie Pascall prepared a report for the Government of British Columbia entitled Eliminating Violence in Hockey,1905 – Allan Loney was charged with manslaughter in the on-ice clubbing death of Alcide Laurin. Loney claimed self-defence, and was not guilty. 1907 – Ottawa Victorias player Charles Masson was charged with manslaughter after Cornwall player Owen McCourt died of a wound sustained in a brawl. Masson was found not guilty on the grounds there was no way to know which blow had killed McCourt
20.
Cyclone Taylor
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Frederick Wellington Fred Cyclone Taylor, OBE, was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and civil servant. Taylor was one of the earliest professional players and he played professionally for the Portage Lakes Hockey Club, the Ottawa Hockey Club and the Vancouver Millionaires from 1905 to 1923. Acknowledged as one of the first stars of hockey, Taylor was one of the most prolific scorers of his era and he won several scoring championships, and won the Stanley Cup twice, once in 1909 with Ottawa and again in 1915 with Vancouver. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947, while in Ottawa in 1907, Taylor gained employment with the Canadian government. He maintained this employment after his career in hockey, later becoming Commissioner of Immigration for British Columbia, frederick Wellington was born in Tara, Ontario, the second son and fourth of five children to Archie and Mary Taylor. Archie, the son of Scottish immigrants, was a salesman who sold farm equipment. Mary, a devout Methodist, stayed at home and raised the children, at the age of six, Taylor moved with his family to Listowel, a town fifty miles south of Tara. In Listowel he played for the junior and intermediate teams in the Ontario Hockey Association, in the 1904–05 season, he joined a team in Thessalon, Ontario led by Grindy Forrester when a dispute broke out as to which team held his OHA rights. The OHA, led by secretary W. A. Hewitt, refused to grant Taylor a change of residence permit and he applied for reinstatement, but was denied, and remained in Thessalon through the winter. According to some sources, Hewitt wanted Taylor to play for the Toronto Marlboros, for the 1905–06 season, Taylor played a handful of games for Portage la Prairie in Manitoba. Several teams in the new International Professional Hockey League tried to get Taylor to join them, marie, Ontario and Calumet, Michigan, which even got Taylor to sign a contract. But in February 1906 he ended up reuniting with Forrester on the Portage Lake team, based in Houghton, the team won the league championship with Taylor playing point. He had started as a forward, but was too fast for his linemates to keep up with him, player salaries outpaced revenue in the league and the IPHL went out of business in 1907. Taylor then joined the Ottawa Hockey Club of the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association, while playing for Ottawa in 1907, the Governor General gave him the nickname Cyclone, based on his skating ability. In December 1907, it was reported that Taylor had been offered $1,500 to leave Ottawa and play for the team in Renfrew, Taylor played lacrosse in 1908 for the Ottawa Capitals. On June 27,1908, he was arrested during a game for punching referee Tom Carlind in the face after receiving a penalty. The referee would not press charges, but the president was in attendance. The league governors only issued a censure, the team expected Taylor to join them the following season, but he chose to focus on his job and hockey
21.
Winger (ice hockey)
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Winger, in the game of ice hockey, is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area. They typically work by flanking the centre forward, originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink. Nowadays, there are different types of wingers in the game — out-and-out goal scorers, checkers who disrupt the opponents and they tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenceman. This position is referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes. On the backcheck, it is essential that they cover the last free opposing player rushing in, once the puck is controlled by the opposing team in the defensive zone, however, wingers are responsible for covering the defenceman on their side of the ice. Prior to the puck being dropped for a face-off, players other than taking the face-off must not make any physical contact with players on the opposite team. After the puck is dropped, it is essential for wingers to engage the players to prevent them from obtaining possession of the puck. Once a team has established control of the puck, wingers can set themselves up into an appropriate position, some wingers are also employed to handle faceoffs. Rover Centre Defenceman Forward Goaltender Power forward List of NHL players
22.
Defenceman (ice hockey)
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Defence in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring. They are often referred to as defencemen, D, D-men or blueliners, a good defenceman is both strong in defensive and offensive play and for defenceman pairing also need to be good at defending and attacking. In regular play, two defencemen complement three forwards and a goaltender on the ice, organized play of ice hockey originates from the first indoor game in Montreal in 1875. In subsequent years, the players per side were reduced to seven per side, positions were standardized, and two correspond to the two defencemen of current six-man rules. These were designated as cover point and point, although they lined up behind the center, decades later, defencemen were standardized into playing left and right sides of the ice. According to one of the earliest books on ice hockey, Farrells Hockey, Canadas Royal Winter Game, Mike Grant of the Montreal Victorias and he should not stray too far from his place, because oftentimes he is practically a second goal-minder. Although he should remain close to his goal-keeper, he should never obstruct that mans view of the puck, in his capacity of a defence player, he should linger around his goals as long as the puck is near. It is by playing far up under these circumstances that a clever cover-point can chine to the advantage of his team. If he has an opening he should shoot well for the goals. Each year the NHL, the ice hockey league in the world. Bobby Orr of the Boston Bruins – an eight-time Norris Trophy recipient – is often considered to be the greatest defenceman in NHL, in addition to his Norris Trophy honours, he is the only defenceman in NHL history to capture the Art Ross Trophy as the leagues leading scorer. In 1998, Orr was selected as the best defenceman of all-time in The Hockey News Top 100 NHL Players of all-time, conversely, according to the IIHF Centennial All-Star Team, the greatest defencemen to play in IIHF-sanctioned international competition are Vyacheslav Fetisov and Börje Salming. Defence players are often described by the amount they participate in the offence, the extreme of non-participation in offence is a Stay-at-home defender, who takes few risks and does not score much, instead focusing on defending against the opposing team. The extreme of participation is a defenceman, who gets aggressively involved in the teams offence. To accomplish this, the defence player often pinches in to keep the play from going offside and moves towards the halfboards. This makes it difficult for the team to protect their net from being scored upon if the team can maintain control of the puck. However, this can lead to more odd man rushes and breakaway opportunities for the team if the defender does not succeed. Bobby Orrs end-to-end rushing allowed him to defend effectively as well as attack, by contrast, Paul Coffey enjoyed high offensive production but his defensive play was considered mediocre for most of his career
23.
Newsy Lalonde
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He played for the Montreal Canadiens – considered to be the original Flying Frenchman – in the National Hockey Association and the NHL. He also played for the WCHLs Saskatoon Sheiks, before playing professional ice hockey, he worked in a newspaper plant, where he acquired the Newsy moniker. In 1904, Lalonde started his career with the Cornwall Victorias of the Federal Amateur Hockey League, the next season, he played for the Woodstock club of the Ontario Hockey Association Senior A League. Lalonde made the trek to Sault Ste, marie, Ontario in 1906 to play in the International Professional Hockey League, hockeys first known professional league. In his one season in the Sault, he was named to the IHL Second All-Star Team, the year 1910 saw the foundation of the National Hockey Association, precursor to the NHL, and Lalonde joined the Montreal Canadiens for their first season. Lalonde scored the goal for the Montreal Canadiens. Halfway through the season, the Habs traded him to the Renfrew Creamery Kings, with the formation of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association in 1912, Lalonde jumped to the Vancouver Millionaires, and promptly led the league in scoring its inaugural year. Vancouver traded him back to Montreal the following season for Didier Pitre, despite his holdout, he was named player-coach of the Canadiens in 1915. Newsy Lalonde played in the first-ever NHL game on December 19,1917 and he would score in each of the first six NHL games, a mark that would stand unchallenged for the rest of the century. During the 1919 Stanley Cup playoffs, Lalonde scored a spectacular seventeen goals in ten games, five and a half hours before its start, the game was postponed. With his entire team either hospitalized or confined to bed, Kennedy announced he was forfeiting the game—and the Cup—to the Metropolitans, however, the Metropolitans felt it would be unsporting to accept the trophy under the circumstances, and the fifth game was never played. Accordingly, Dandurand sold Lalonde to Saskatoon the following year in violation of the regulations then in force. The deal was disputed, and eventually—and grudgingly—the Canadiens accepted the amateur Aurel Joliat in compensation, on a line with future Hall of Famer Bill Cook, Lalonde achieved his final scoring title as playing coach of the Sheiks, although the team had a poor overall record. The next two seasons the team was much improved, but Lalonde himself was finally feeling his age and was no longer an impact player and he scored the final goal of his career on March 2,1925, against Vancouver. The following season he played three regular season games and two games, the last for the Saskatoon franchise before the Western Hockey League folded. The following season,1927, Lalonde was named the coach of the New York Americans. He played as a substitute for one game in November 1926 before hanging up his skates for good. After his retirement, he served as the head coach of the Ottawa Senators between 1929 and 1931, and of the Canadiens between 1932 and 1935
24.
Toronto Blueshirts
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The Toronto Hockey Club, known as the Torontos and the Toronto Blueshirts, were a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They were a member of the National Hockey Association, the club was founded in 1911 and began operations in 1912. The club won its sole Stanley Cup championship in 1914, the club became the center of a controversy among NHA owners leading to the NHA suspending operations and the owners forming the National Hockey League. The Blue Shirts were replaced in the NHL by a new Toronto Hockey Club under the ownership of the Toronto Arena Company, the Torontos players were leased to the Arena ownership temporarily and competed in the NHL in 1917–18, winning the Stanley Cup. The Arena Company was then granted a permanent franchise for the 1918–19 season that evolved into todays Toronto Maple Leafs, the NHA was founded in 1909 without any teams based in Toronto. National Hockey Association founder Ambrose OBrien, operated four franchises in the NHA, the Cobalt Silver Kings, Haileybury Comets, Les Canadiens and the Renfrew Creamery Kings. In 1910, OBrien suspended the Cobalt, Haileybury and Canadiens clubs and sold one franchise to form the Montreal Canadiens, in 1911, OBrien decided to leave professional ice hockey entirely. Quebec interests bought one of the franchises from OBrien, and the two were sold to Toronto interests who planned to play in the new Arena Gardens arena under construction. The franchise which became the Toronto Hockey Club was bought by Frank Robinson, Percy Quinn, Quinn was president of the Dominion Lacrosse Association, a Canadian professional lacrosse league that had patterned itself after the NHA. The second Toronto franchise was awarded to an affiliated with the Tecumseh Lacrosse Club of Toronto. According to Coleman, the franchise for the Torontos was that used by the Les Canadiens, other books quote OBrien as selling the Canadiens to George Kennedy, leaving the case of which franchise was sold to Robinson unresolved. In any case, the Toronto team was built from scratch, Toronto had not previously had an arena with artificial ice that would be large enough for an NHA team, but in 1911, work began on the Arena Gardens. The schedule for the 1911–12 season was drawn up with two Toronto teams, as the Arena was not finished, no games were scheduled to be played in Toronto until the end of January, when the new arena was supposed to be ready. The Torontos played their first game on December 25,1912 before 4,000 fans at Arena Gardens, the Toronto Hockey Club was owned by Quinn, managed by Ridpath, and initially coached by Tom Humphrey who was soon replaced by player-coach Jack Marshall. The team Ridpath put on the ice included Cully Wilson and future hall-of-famers Hap Holmes, Harry Cameron, Frank Foyston, the Torontos finished the year in a tie for third place. Before the 1913–14 season, the club faced some upheaval, Ridpath resigned as manager in October 1913 and was replaced by Marshall. Ridpath would try out as a player but gave up his comeback attempt before the season started, despite the changes, the Torontos won the Stanley Cup in 1914, defeating the Montreal Canadiens in a playoff to decide the NHA champion. After the season, the then played a series with the Victoria Aristocrats of the Pacific Coast Hockey League
25.
Ken Randall
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He was a two-time Stanley Cup Champion. Randall had a long and varied playing career at a time when the ice hockey world was changing. He was an accomplished scorer when playing forward, and was a good defencemen which he became later in his career. He played for the organization until 1923, as it changed from the Blueshirts to Arenas to St. Patricks and he became a full-time coach in 1928, but still had some playing time left in him, playing for the Oshawa Patricias when the OPHL was revived in 1930. Ken Randalls biography at Legends of Hockey Ken Randalls career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database Ken Randall at Find a Grave
26.
Montreal Arena
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The Montreal Arena, also known as Westmount Arena, was an indoor arena located in Westmount, Quebec, Canada on the corner of St. Catherine Street and Wood Avenue. It was likely one of the first arenas designed expressly for hockey and it was the primary site of amateur and professional ice hockey in Montreal until 1918. Opened on December 31,1898, it held 10,000 people,4300 seated and it held a refreshment buffet and smoking rooms, with rugs available for rental to sit on. It is likely the third arena designed expressly for ice hockey, after the St. Nicholas Rink in New York City, and the Deys Skating Rink in Ottawa, the ice rink ends were not squared-off, but rounded-off. The ends were somewhat semi-circular, possibly the first design of its kind, a puck could be shot along the outside rim, slide along the corners, pass behind the goal and come out the other side. This type of shot is common in hockey today, and is called rimmed around, the rounded-corners design spread to other arenas. In 1902, after Ottawas Dey Rink was demolished due to a storm, the fence along the ice surface was increased in height to 4 feet, an increase from the Victoria Skating Rinks one foot high boards. The first artificial ice-making plant in Montreal was installed in the Arena in 1915, the owners of the Montreal Arena, the Canadian Arena Company, later built the Arena Gardens in Toronto, and operated the Toronto NHL franchise in 1917-18. Principals of the Arena Company, such as William Northey, would later be involved in the building of the Montreal Forum, a fire started in the ice-making plant causing the arena to burn down on January 2,1918. Damage was estimated at $150,000, including the uniforms and sticks of the Wanderers and Canadiens, the blaze led the Montreal Wanderers, already on shaky grounds, to disband within days and the Canadiens to move back to Jubilee Arena. In 1924, the new Montreal Forum was built one block to the east, the Arena site is today the site of the Plaza Alexis-Nihon. A new Westmount Arena was built in 1957 to serve the residents of Westmount and it holds a collection of replica Stanley Cup banners to honour the early ice hockey teams which won the Stanley Cup. Stanley Cup banners were not hung in the days of ice hockey. At first, it hosted the Montreal senior mens hockey teams of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada, including the Montreal, Shamrock. The Wanderers would start there in 1904. Later, it served as the rink for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey Association. In 1907, it was the site of one of hockeys first player brawls, on January 12,1907, the game between the heated rivals Ottawa Hockey Club and the Montreal Wanderers degenerated into a free for all. Ottawa players Charles Spittal, Alf Smith and Harry Smith each knocked out a Montreal player cold, cecil Blachford, Ernest Johnson and Hod Stuart all required hospital treatment
27.
Tommy Gorman
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Gorman was born in Ottawa, Ontario. He was one of six born to Thomas Patrick Gorman. He was a page boy as a youth, but sports were his love. He was the youngest member of the Canadian lacrosse team won the gold medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics. He then played professionally for a number of seasons, Gorman became a sports writer at the Ottawa Citizen, eventually becoming the sports editor. He worked at the newspaper until 1921, even though he had never played hockey, Mr. Gorman was a talented evaluator of talent. Ted Dey, principal owner of the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey Association, had trouble recruiting players for the 1916–17 season and he did it so capably that he was hired as secretary-treasurer. Gorman became the manager and part-owner of the Senators at that time and he helped lead the team to Stanley Cups in 1920,1921, and 1923. He sold his interest in the Senators in 1925 to Frank Ahearn and became manager-coach of the New York Americans and he resigned from the Americans in 1929 to get involved in horse racing. He managed the Agua Caliente Racetrack in Mexico from 1929 until 1932, in 1932, Gorman brought the horse Phar Lap to Mexico where the horse won the $100,000 Agua Caliente Handicap before dying under mysterious circumstances in San Francisco. When the president of Agua Caliente sold the racetrack in 1932 and he took the team from last place in their division in 1932–33 to their first Stanley Cup victory in 1934—despite scoring the fewest goals of any NHL team. Ten days after the Cup victory, Gorman resigned after a dispute with the owner and he went to Montreal as their manager-coach and helped the Montreal Maroons to their final Cup in 1935, thus becoming the first coach to win consecutive Stanley Cups with different teams. Gorman coached the Maroons until the club folded in 1938, in 1940, he became general manager of the Montreal Canadiens and lead them to Cup victories in 1944 and 1946. He is the person to manage four different teams to championships. No other General Manager in the history of the NHL, Major League Baseball, one of his flops was after he became manager-coach of the Montreal Maroons when he booked evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson at the Montreal Forum. No one wanted to be saved, he explained, however, some of his better promotions came when he was the Montreal Canadiens general manager. He had Duke Ellington and Frank Sinatra perform at the Forum, after retiring as general manager of the Canadiens in 1946, Gorman bought the Ottawa Senators of the Quebec Senior Hockey League, managing it to win the Allan Cup in 1949. He took figure skater Barbara Ann Scott on a tour after she won the figure skating gold medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics
28.
Eddie Gerard
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Edward George Gerard was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada he played professionally for 10 seasons for the hometown Ottawa Senators and was member of several Stanley Cup-winning teams before retiring as a player in 1923. He continued in hockey afterward as a coach until 1935, winning a further Stanley Cup in 1926 and he was regarded as one of the most prominent athletes in Ottawa, active in several sports and was a halfback for the Ottawa Rough Riders football club from 1909 to 1913. When the Hockey Hall of Fame was founded in 1945, Gerard was one of the original 12 players inducted and his father was of Scottish descent. He married Lillian Mackenzie and had two daughters and he worked as a printer and was employed by the Canadian Government Printing Bureau. He moved to the survey in 1912, and at the time of his death was chief engineering clerk for the survey. In November 1913, while still a player, Gerard was approached by several teams in regards to turning professional. He initially had an offer from the Montreal Canadiens of $1,000 for, early in the month the Ottawa Senators offered him a contract of $1,500 for two seasons, which would have made him one of the highest paid players in hockey. He also received an offer from the Sydney Hockey Club from the Maritime Hockey League promised $1,600 for the season, Gerard joined the professional ranks in 1913–14 with the Ottawa Senators, after playing in senior amateur play since 1907 with various Ottawa teams. He had also played football, and gave that up to play with the Senators. One of the highest regarded athletes in Ottawa, he signed with the Senators when they assured him he would be able to keep his government job. When he did sign, he was given a bonus of C$400, in 1915, he was named to the NHA All-Stars which went on a tour in British Columbia to play PCHA teams. Gerard was player-coach of the Senators from 1916 until 1918 and he later served as captain of the Senators from 1919 to 1923. He retired after the 1922–23 season due to a growth, although benign, in his throat, Gerard won four Stanley Cups during his playing career. Three came as a member of the Ottawa Senators and one with the Toronto St. Pats, in game five of the 1921 Stanley Cup Finals, Gerard had six penalties, one of which was a match penalty near the end of the game. Gerard was attending the 1922 Stanley Cup Final, held that year in Toronto when Harry Cameron, vancouver Millionaires Manager Lester Patrick gave permission to Toronto to use Gerard to replace their injured player. Toronto won the game and the series and it was his only game with the St. Pats. After retiring as a player he was the Manager-Coach of the Montreal Maroons from 1924–25 season to 1928–29 season and he resigned from the Maroons, where he never had a formal contract, on July 8,1929
29.
Seattle Metropolitans
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The Seattle Metropolitans were a professional ice hockey team based in Seattle, Washington which played in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association from 1915 to 1924. They won the Stanley Cup in 1917, becoming the first United States team to do so, eleven years before the NHLs American franchise, the Metropolitans played their home games at the Seattle Ice Arena. The Metropolitans were formed in 1915 as an expansion team, to stock the team, the Toronto Blueshirts of the National Hockey Association was raided. The Blueshirts had won the Stanley Cup in 1914 and this provided Seattle with a competitive squad. The Blueshirts players who moved to Seattle were Eddie Carpenter, Frank Foyston, Hap Holmes, Jack Walker, Seattle won the 1917 championship by defeating the National Hockey Associations Montreal Canadiens three games to one by a combined score of 23 to 11. Fourteen of Seattles goals were scored by Bernie Morris, games one and three were played under PCHA rules, i. e. seven players per side, forward passing in the neutral zone, and no substitution for penalized players. Games two and four were played under NHA rules, i. e. six players per side, no forward passing, after winning the 1917 Stanley Cup the Metropolitans also played in the Stanley Cup finals in 1919 and 1920, when they lost to the Ottawa Senators. During the 1920 Stanley Cup finals, the Ottawa Senators would don solid white Jerseys to avoid confusion with Seattles barber pole style of green, red and white. The 1920 Series was subsequently relocated from Ottawa to Torontos mutual artificial ice surface at Torontos Mutual Street Arena due to ice conditions. The PCHA consisted of four teams for the 1915-16 and 1916-17 seasons, from 1922-23, games against the Western Canada Hockey League counted in the PCHA standings. This allowed Seattle to have a record yet still win the league regular season championship in 1924. In 1924, the Seattle team folded and the PCHA ceased to operate, in its final season, the team had an average of 1000 fans per game in attendance. Arena owners subsequently did not renew the teams lease, the remaining teams of Vancouver and Victoria joined the WCHL for the 1924-1925 season. On December 5,2015, the Seattle Thunderbirds held a special Seattle Metropolitans Night to celebrate 100 years of Seattle hockey, during the game, the team wore replicas of the original Metropolitans jersey and temporarily changed the team name to the Seattle Metropolitans. The final score was a 3-2 Metropolitans win over the Tri-City Americans
30.
Hamilton Tigers
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The Hamilton Tigers were a professional ice hockey team, and a member of the National Hockey League, based in Hamilton, Ontario, that played from 1920–1925. The Tigers were formed from the sale of the Quebec Bulldogs NHL franchise to Hamilton interests, after years of struggling, the franchise finished first in the league in the 1924-25 NHL season. However, a strike after the season resulted in the franchises dissolution. The players contracts were sold to New York City interests to stock the expansion New York Americans, a name-sake amateur team existed prior, and during, the NHL teams existence and a minor league professional team named the Hamilton Tigers existed from 1926 until 1930. The origins of the team go back to the old Quebec Hockey Club team, originally an amateur team, it turned professional in 1909. That season proved to be a one, despite the presence of Joe Malone the club only finished with four wins in 24 games. After the 1919–20 season, the NHL took back the Quebec franchise and sold the team to the Abso Pure Ice Company of Hamilton, the club was moved to Hamilton for the 1920–21 season and renamed the Hamilton Tigers. This was done to prevent the startup of a rival league, at the time, the NHL had no teams in the United States and no teams in Western Canada. Hamilton was the fifth-largest city in the country and third-largest in Central Canada, percy Thompson, a part-owner and manager of the Barton Street Arena, would be the manager of the team. The move to Hamilton did not improve the teams record, as a result, the NHL ordered the other three teams to supply players to the Tigers. Even with Malone managing to score 30 goals in only 20 games, the next three seasons were just as dreadful as the first one. The Tigers finished dead last every year, making a total of 5 straight with last place finishes, during these dreadful years, the Tigers attempted a rebuilding phase to bring the team up to par. After the 1921–22 NHL season, they hired Art Ross as their new coach and made many changes, including trading superstar Malone to the Montreal Canadiens for Bert Corbeau. The fans were outraged at seeing Malone leave, but the Tigers felt vindicated when Malone — nearing the end of his career — only scored one goal in twenty games in one season for Montreal. Prior to the 1922–23 season, the NHL would hold its governors meeting at the Royal Connaught Hotel on King Street and this year saw the Tigers achieve a team high of nine wins in 24 games. It was the season, though, that saw the results of the previous years wheelings and dealings. With yet another new coach, the Hamilton Tigers roared off to an impressive 10–4–1 start in the 1924–25 NHL season. Only halfway through the season, they had more wins than any season in their NHL history
31.
Harry Mummery
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Harold Mum Mummery was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. Mummery played professionally from 1911 until 1923, including six seasons in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Arenas, Quebec Bulldogs, Montreal Canadiens and he was a three-time OBrien Cup champion and a two-time winner of the Stanley Cup. At the time of his career, Mummery was the largest player ever in the NHA and NHL, playing at 245 pounds in his NHL years and he was known to eat two steaks before hockey games. Mummery appeared in three games as an NHL goaltender in an era when teams didnt dress a backup netminder and he suited up as a goaltender twice with Quebec and once with Hamilton. Born in Chicago, Illinois, Mummery moved to Brandon, Manitoba at an early age and he first played hockey at the senior-level for the Brandon Elks in 1907–08. From there he moved to Fort William, Ontario to play a season with the Fort William Forts in the Northern Ontario Hockey League and he returned to the prairies playing for Brandon and Moose Jaw in minor professional leagues. In 1912, he joined the Quebec Bulldogs of the National Hockey Association, in his rookie season the Bulldogs won the OBrien Cup and successfully defended the Stanley Cup championship. He played with the Bulldogs until he was traded to the Montreal Canadiens in 1916, the Canadiens won the OBrien Cup that season but lost to the Seattle Metropolitans in the Stanley Cup championship. Before the beginning of the 1917–18 season the NHA ceased operations, the players from the Quebec Bulldogs were dispersed to teams in the new NHL and Mummery was loaned to the Toronto Blueshirts club, now run by the Toronto Arena Company. The club would go on to win the Stanley Cup in a series against the Vancouver Millionaires of the PCHA. After the season the Arena company formed the Toronto Arena Hockey Club, in 1919–20 the Quebec Bulldogs returned and joined the NHL making it a four team league once again. The NHL reassigned former Bulldogs players from the NHA, who were now playing in the NHL, Mummery was one of those players. When the Quebec team was sold at the end of the 1919-20 season and transferred to Hamilton and he played four games for Saskatoon in 1922–23 and retired. Stanley Cup Championships OBrien Cup NHA championships “Honoured Member” of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame Podnieks, players, the ultimate A-Z guide of everyone who has ever played in the NHL
32.
Billy Coutu
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He was the only player banned from the NHL for life, as a result of his attack on a referee in 1927. After his eviction from the NHL, Coutu played a total of four years in the Canadian-American Hockey League and American Hockey Association, then coached the C-AHLs Providence Reds. Billy Coutus last name is incorrectly spelled Couture, an error which appears in many NHL history books and, for a time. Several hockey history books, including The Hockey News Habs Heroes by Ken Campbell incorrectly attribute his name to a photograph of teammate Louis Berlinguette and he and his family pronounced their name Koochee, which was sometimes confused with Couture. Howie Morenz played with Coutu on the Canadiens, Coutu turned professional with the Canadiens in 1916–17, the last season of the NHA. He stayed with the Canadiens when the new NHL formed for 1917–18, during the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1919, Coutu and four other teammates contracted influenza and were hospitalized. The 1919 Stanley Cup series was cancelled,9, Coutu was named Canadiens captain in 1925-26, replacing Sprague Cleghorn. After the 1925–26 NHL season, Coutu was deemed expendable and traded to the Boston Bruins in exchange for defenceman Amby Moran who ultimately played just 12 games for the Canadiens, during his first practice with the Bruins, Coutu body-slammed Eddie Shore. Coutus forehead hit Shores skull, severing Shores ear, Shore visited several doctors who wanted to amputate the ear, but finally found one who sewed it back on. After refusing anaesthetic, Shore used a mirror to watch the doctor sew the ear back on, Shore claimed Coutu used his hockey stick to cut off the ear, and Coutu was fined $50, Shore later recanted and Coutus money was refunded. As a result, he was expelled from the NHL for life, on October 8,1929, the suspension was lifted allowing Coutu to play in minor professional leagues, where he played into his late 30s with Minneapolis and also coached for several years. He never played in the NHL again, although he was reinstated in 1932–33 at the insistence of Canadiens owner Leo Dandurand, november 24,1916 - Signed as a free agent by Montreal Canadiens. November 26,1917 - Rights retained by Montreal Canadiens after NHA folded, november 27,1920 - Loaned to Hamilton Tigers by Montreal Canadiens as part of trade of Jack McDonald, Harry Mummery and Dave Ritchie to Hamilton for Jack Coughlin, Samuel Prodgers and Joe Matte. January 26,1921 - Returned to Montreal Canadiens from loan to Hamilton Tigers, november 15,1921 - Fined $200 and suspended by Montreal Canadiens for rough play. March 8,1923 - Missed seven games due to a broken wrist suffered in a game vs. Toronto St. Patricks, January 21,1925 - Suspended two games and fined $100 by NHL for misconduct. January 19,1926 - Suspended one game and fined $100 by NHL for tripping referee Jerry Laflamme vs Ottawa Senators, October 22,1926 - Traded to Boston Bruins by Montreal Canadiens for Amby Moran. April 13,1927 - Suspended for life from the NHL for assaulting referee Jerry Laflamme, tackling referee Billy Bell, January 5,1928 - Traded to New Haven by Boston with Pat Clark for cash. January 28,1928 - Suspended for the season by C-AHL for hitting George Redding of Boston with his stick in January 23,1928 game, January 29,1928 - Suspension lifted by C-AHL and changed to a $200 fine
33.
Lionel Hitchman
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Frederick Lionel Hitchman was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played twelve seasons in the National Hockey League for the Ottawa Senators and Boston Bruins. The son of Edward F. Hitchman, a noted authority and journalist, Hitchman was born in Toronto. He played his junior hockey with the Toronto Aura Lee club of the Ontario Hockey Association, appearing sporadically in four games in the 1920 season and three the following year. Scoring seven goals, Hitchman gained greater notoriety as a defenceman, amassing 52 penalty minutes. He also saw action with the RCMP team in the Civil Service League, after the end of the New Edinburghs playoffs that season, Hitchman was signed by the Senators in 1923, first appearing in a victory against the Hamilton Tigers on February 28. Cleghorn received a penalty for the act, which provoked a near-riot from the home crowd. While too injured to play in the first Stanley Cup semifinal match against the Vancouver Maroons of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association, with the retirement of star defenceman Eddie Gerard, Hitchman became a regular for the Senators thereafter, a starter on the 1924 regular season champion team. He was subsequently loaned to the Bruins for the remainder of the season, matters improved in the 1926 season with the acquisition of Doc Stewart in goal and Hitchmans old nemesis Sprague Cleghorn, with whom he was teamed on defense. The Bruins finished the season with a 13-3-1 run, missing by a single point overtaking the Pittsburgh Pirates for a playoff berth, Hitchman finished third in team scoring, logging seven goals and eleven points, his career high in both categories. Under Cleghorns veteran tutelage, Hitchman adopted a much scrappier style - if without Cleghorns habitual dirty play -, the 1927 season, with the dissolution of the Western Hockey League, saw ex-Edmonton superstar Eddie Shore sign with the Bruins. Shore replaced the fading Cleghorn as Hitchmans defence partner, and was recognized as the leagues preeminent defence pairing. The two would team up for the rest of Hitchmans career, with Shores rushing style paired with Hitchmans stay-at-home play. The Bruins fell to the Senators in the 1927 Stanley Cup Finals, and Hitchmans play was sufficient to receive a $1,400 bonus from the team, Cleghorn retired after the 1928 season, and Hitchman was named to replace him as team captain. His first year as captain was highly successful, as he led the team to its first Stanley Cup championship, with the Bruins defeating the New York Rangers in the finals two games to none. He would become one of the first hockey players to wear a helmet, the helmet was credited with saving Hitchman from serious injury when he was slashed in the head by Montreal Maroons forward Hooley Smith in a subsequent match. Hitchman resigned the captaincy in George Owens favor in 1932, Hitchmans interim stint was marred by a January 24 match against the Canadiens which included stick battles and the referee being knocked unconscious. The match provoked an investigation and a furor played out in the press. This was the last season in which Hitchman served as Shores defence partner, the 1934 season proved his last, and slowed by injuries, he retired mid-season
34.
Frank Nighbor
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An excellent defensive forward, his poke check, backchecking and bodychecking abilities thwarted enemy forwards scoring attempts. For his somewhat high penalty totals, he was a clean player, for his contributions on the ice, Nighbor was the first player ever to be awarded the Hart Trophy and the first to be awarded the Lady Byng Trophy. Nighbor first played professionally for the Port Arthur Bearcats of the Northern Ontario Hockey League in 1911, fellow Pembroke native Harry Cameron was invited to play for Port Arthur but refused to go without Nighbor. The club agreed to bring Nighbor along, but they left him on the bench until injuries gave him an opportunity to play and he made the most of his opportunity by registering six goals in his first appearance. In 1912, he joined the new Toronto Blueshirts of the NHA where he scored 25 goals in 18 games and he had his best season in 1916–17, scoring 41 goals in 19 games, finishing tied for the league lead with Joe Malone. In 1919–20 he scored 26 goals and 15 assists in just 23 games, then had a further 6 goals in 5 playoff games, Nighbor would win the Stanley Cup again with Ottawa in 1921,1923, and 1927. Late in the 1925 season, Lady Byng, wife of the Governor-General of Canada and she showed Nighbor an ornate trophy and asked him if he thought the NHL would accept it as an award for its most gentlemanly player. Nighbor said he thought it would be a good idea—and to his surprise, Lady Byng presented him the trophy on the spot, a year earlier, he had been the first winner of the Hart Trophy. In 1929–30, Nighbor was traded to Toronto, as part of the sale of the failing Senators for Danny Cox. He played 22 games for the Maple Leafs and retired in the off-season, Nighbor was considered a master of the sweep check, as well as the poke check, an almost entirely different action, taking the puck off the opponents stick. He was skilled and crafty with the puck and a good scorer. Nighbor coached for the Buffalo Bisons and London Tecumsehs of the International League and the New York Rovers of the Eastern Amateur Hockey League. He would later turn to a business he was a partner in. Nighbor died of cancer on April 13,1966 in Pembroke, Nighbor was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947. He has also inducted into the Canada Sports Hall of Fame. In 1998 he was ranked number 100 on The Hockey News list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players, in March 2010, at a Quebec auction, an American collector paid $33,000 USD to secure Frank Nighbors game-worn Ottawa Senators sweater from the 1926–27 season. A street in Ottawas Kanata neighbourhood is named in memory of Nighbor - Frank Nighbor Place, the Top 100, NHL players of all time. Players, the ultimate A-Z guide of everyone who has played in the NHL. Doubleday Canada. Notes Frank Nighbors biography at Legends of Hockey Frank Nighbors career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database Frank Nighbor at Find a Grave
35.
Cy Denneny
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His brother Corbett Denneny also played in the NHL. Cy Denneny was born in Farrans Point, Ontario, near Cornwall and he was the son of James Israel Denneny who was a top lacrosse player in the late 19th century and was descended from the Dennenys of County Monaghan, Ireland. Denneny played senior hockey in Cornwall, starting with the Cornwall Sons of England of the Lower Ottawa Valley hockey league in 1909–10 and his professional playing career began with the Toronto Ontarios/Shamrocks of the National Hockey Association in 1914. He had tried out for the Montreal Canadiens in 1912 but failed to make the team and he was traded to the Ottawa Senators in 1916 and he would play with the Senators until 1928. He was member of four Senators Stanley Cup-winning teams, in 1920,1921,1923 and 1927, with the Senators during the 1917–18 season, Denneny set an NHL record by opening the season with four straight multi-goal games. Though the record still stands, it was tied in 2013 by San Jose Sharks forward Patrick Marleau, Denneny was sold to Boston in 1928, where he would be the playing-coach of the Bruins 1929 Stanley Cup-winner. In 1929, Denneny retired to become an NHL on-ice official, in 1932, he re-joined the Senators as head coach, but the team was in decline due to financial difficulties which forced management to sell top players in order to survive. The team finished last and Denneny was not retained as coach, Denneny was one of the top scorers in the NHL from 1917 through 1925. While leading the league in scoring during the 1923–24 NHL season, he did so by recording 22 goals and one assist for a total of 23 points, when he retired, he was the all-time top scorer in NHL history. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1959, in 1998, he was ranked number 62 on The Hockey News list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players. He was the first and remains the fastest player in NHL history to score 200 goals. During a six-week span in the 1920–21 NHL season, Cy and his brother Corbett, despite not being a swift skater, Denneny had one of the most deceptive and accurate shots in the league, which enabled him to achieve his scoring feats so rapidly. He was one of the first known players to use opposing defencemen as screens, Denneny was also one of the very first players to use a curved blade, which he used to take high-rising shots as well as sinkers that would fool goaltenders. He was a physical player who often acted as a bodyguard for his more passive linemates, Jack Darragh. His first wife Melvina died and Denneny remarried and he was the father of two daughters with his second wife Isobel. After Denneny retired from hockey, he worked for the Canadian federal government and he retired from civil service in 1959. He died on September 10,1970 and is buried in Ottawas Pinecrest Cemetery
36.
Captain (ice hockey)
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In ice hockey the captain is the player designated by his team as the only person authorized to speak with the game officials regarding rule interpretations when he is on the ice. At most levels of each team must designate one captain. The captain wears a C on his sweater, while the alternate captains wear an A, as with most team sports that designate captains, the captain is usually a well-respected player and a de facto team leader. The captain is a dressing room leader, and also represents the players concerns to management, NHL teams need not designate the same player as captain from game to game, though most teams do. For instance, in the 1985–86, when Boston Bruins captain Terry OReilly retired, Ray Bourque, Middleton wore the C during home games and Bourque for road games during the seasons first half, and the two switched for the second half. This arrangement continued until Middleton retired in 1988 and Bourque became the sole captain, some teams name two or three captains for a season. Some teams rotate captains rather than one for an extended period of time. During each NHL game, however, only one player can officially be designated as captain. Captains are selected by different means, in instances, teams have held votes among their players to choose a team captain, while on other occasions. Captains are often due to their seniority in the game. However, franchise players—current or emerging stars—have also been named captains, though not required, many captains have previously served as alternate captains of their team. The NHL introduced a rule prohibiting the goaltender from being a captain following the 1947–48 season, in the NCAA, there is no position-based restriction on the team captain. Teams may designate alternate captains, also erroneously called assistant captains. Alternate captains wear the letter A on their jerseys in the manner that team captains wear the C. In the NHL, teams may appoint a captain and up to two alternate captains, or they may appoint three alternate captains and no captain. A team commonly has three alternate captains when the team has not selected a captain, or when the captain is injured. International and USA amateur rules do not allow this, they stipulate that each team shall appoint a Captain, if the team chooses to not appoint a captain, they are not permitted to appoint a fourth alternate captain. When the captain is off the ice or unavailable for the game, NHL teams may choose alternate captains from game to game or appoint regular alternate captains for the season
