1.
Dinesh Chandimal
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Lokuge Dinesh Chandimal is a professional Sri Lankan cricketer and a former limited overs captain for Sri Lanka. A handy and agile right-handed batsman who currently is the wicket-keeper in all formats and he is currently the vice captain in all formats. Chandimal was a key member of 2012 ICC World Twenty20 runner-up team and 2014 ICC World Twenty20 winning team. He led Sri Lanka in first group stage of the 2014 ICC World Twenty20, until was suspended for slow over rate, Chandimal is often appointed as the T20I captain when the regular captain is not available. Chandimal married his longtime partner Ishika Jayasekara on 1 May 2015 in Colombo Chandimal started his career as a teenager at his first school Dharmasoka College. Later he moved to Ananda College, Colombo captaining the under-17 team, in 2008, he was appointed captain of the schools first eleven, which he led in 13 outright wins in a season, re-writing history in Sri Lankan school cricket. He was the first schoolboy cricketer to exceed 1,000 runs with an aggregate of 1,580, in First class career, he scored 64,04, and 109 in his first three innings for Sri Lanka Cricket Development XI. During the 2012 Indian Premier League auction, he was bought for $50,000 by the Rajasthan Royals, after also playing against New Zealand in a Twenty20 International match in Florida, Chandimal was selected for an ODI tri-series in Zimbabwe, where the two sides also played India. He also became the youngest Sri Lankan to score an ODI century, Chandimal made his Test debut for Sri Lanka in December 2011, in the second Test of the series against South Africa in Durban. He made half-centuries in each of Sri Lankas innings becoming the first Sri Lankan batsman to score centuries in both innings on Test debut. This incidentally led Sri Lanka to their first Test win in South Africa, in 2013 he was appointed captain of the Sri Lanka T20 side and also vice-captain of the countrys one day international team. During the 2014 ICC World Twenty20, he stepped down from the captaincy after injury and bad performance, Malinga was able to lead the team for their first ever Twenty20 champion title and this strengthen Malinga as the permanent captain of the Twenty20 team. During the innings, he was retired hurt, and eventually Sri Lanka lost the match by 64 runs, Chandimal was included to the test series with India as the permanent wicket-keeper and showed an excellent talent in the test level as well. In the first innings, he scored 59 runs but eventually Sri Lanka were all out for 183, in the second innings after Indias huge 375 runs, Sri Lanka were all out for 367 runs courtesy of Chandimals brilliant knock of unbeaten 162 runs. He was the star for the Sri Lankan innings with 16 fours and 4 sixes, Sri Lanka had a 175 lead and India were just ended with 112 runs and Sri Lanka won the match by 63 runs. Due to Chandimals batting performance in the time, he was adjudged as man of the match. His third ODI century came after five years of delay, against Ireland on 16 June 2016, Chandimal had an impressive run scoring throughout the England series in 2016 and then in Australia series at home. He scored five consecutive ODI half centuries, which equals most consecutive ODI fifties by a Sri Lankan with Jayasuriya, Sangakkara and he missed the Sri Lankan record, when he lbw by Adam Zampa on 48, just short of 2 runs for Chandimals sixth consecutive fifty
2.
Angelo Mathews
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Angelo Davis Mathews, is a professional Sri Lankan cricketer and current captain of the Sri Lankan cricket team for all formats. On 8 March 2016, Mathews was appointed as the T20I captain as well, Mathews, a middle-order batting allrounder and probably Sri Lankas best finisher, is known for his compact batting technique and consistent medium pace bowling. Mathews made his List A debut for Sri Lanka Under-23s against New Zealand A at Police Park Ground and he captained the Sri Lankan cricket team in the 2006 U-19 Cricket World Cup in Sri Lanka. He later made his first-class debut for Colombo Cricket Club in November,2006, however, for the balance of the team, he still plays as a batting allrounder in the limited overs cricket. A more than useful strike rate of 84.06 has made him a damaging prospect in the overs of the Sri Lankan innings. He made his debut in a One Day International against Zimbabwe in November 2008. Angelo Mathews made his Test debut in Pakistan tour of Sri Lanka,2009, the Test also marked the debuts of Abdur Rauf, Mohammad Amir and Saeed Ajmal. He scored his maiden half-century in the third Test of the series, played at Sinhalese Sports Club Ground and his maiden ton came against Australia in September,2011 in the same venue. Mathews has a record in Tests in countries such as Australia, South Africa and India. His brilliant records at home and in countries like England and UAE make up for that. Two of his four centuries came in England – against a high quality pace attack consisting of James Anderson and he has also flourished with the added responsibility of captaincy, averaging 86.62 in 13 matches. In February 2013, Mathews became Sri Lankas youngest ever Test captain at 25 and he captained the Lankan team in its monumental Test series win in England. His highest Test score also came in the match of the series played at Headingley. After Kumar Sangakkara stepped down as ODI captain following the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011, however, short tenures of Tillakaratne Dilshan and Mahela Jayawardene followed. After Sri Lankas loss in the final of the 2012 ICC World Twenty20, later that month, Mathews was appointed as the T20I captain with Lasith Malinga as his deputy. In February 2013 Mathews was eventually named as ODI and Test captain succeeding Jayawardene, Mathews became an important member in Sri Lanka One Day team during the Sri Lanka tour of Australia in 2010/11. At the first match, on 3 November 2010, Mathews scored a magnificent match winning 77* runs with a partnership with Lasith Malinga, Sri Lanka were in trouble when he come into the crease, but finally won the match. In this match, Mathews along with Malinga, recorded the highest ninth wicket partnership in ODI history by scoring 132 runs for the ninth wicket, Mathews hit back-to-back centuries against England at Lord’s and Headingley to seal Sri Lanka’s first-ever Test series win in England
3.
Test cricket
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Test cricket is the longest form of the sport of cricket and is considered its highest standard. Test matches are played between national teams with Test status, as determined by the International Cricket Council. The two teams of 11 players play a match, which may last up to five days. It is generally considered the most complete examination of teams playing ability, the name Test stems from the long, gruelling match being a test of the relative strengths of the two sides. A Test match to celebrate 100 years of Test cricket was held in Melbourne from 12 to 17 March 1977, in October 2012, the International Cricket Council recast the playing conditions for Test matches, permitting day/night Test matches. The first day/night game took place between Australia and New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval, Adelaide, on 27 November 2015, Test matches are the highest level of cricket although, statistically, their data forms part of first-class cricket. Matches are played between national teams with Test status, as determined by the International Cricket Council. As of December 2014, ten teams have Test status. Zimbabwes Test status was suspended, because of poor performances between 2006 and 2011, it returned to competition in August 2011. If the Associate team defeats the test nation, then they could be added as the new test country, a list of matches, defined as Tests, was first drawn up by Australian Clarence Moody in the mid-1890s. Representative matches played by simultaneous England touring sides of 1891–92 and 1929–30 are deemed to have Test status, in 1970, a series of five Test matches was played in England between England and a Rest of the World XI. These matches, originally scheduled between England and South Africa, were amended after South Africa was suspended from international cricket because of their governments policy of apartheid. Although initially given Test status, this was withdrawn and a principle was established that official Test matches can only be between nations. Despite this, in 2005, the ICC ruled that the six-day Super Series match that took place in October 2005, some cricket writers and statisticians, including Bill Frindall, ignored the ICCs ruling and excluded the 2005 match from their records. The series of Test matches played in Australia between Australia and a World XI in 1971/72 do not have Test status, there are currently ten Test-playing teams, representing individual nations except for England and the West Indies. Test status is conferred upon a country or group of countries by the International Cricket Council, teams that do not have Test status can play in the ICC Intercontinental Cup, specifically designed to allow non-Test teams to play under conditions similar to Tests. In May 2016, ICC announced that it is contemplating the idea of two-tiers in Test match cricket, ICC hopes that this will help them draw more crowd and generate more revenue from the matches played between top tier teams. Promotion and relegation could be introduced into Test cricket as early as 2019 and this will give opportunities to more countries like Afghanistan and Ireland to play test cricket
4.
International Cricket Council
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The International Cricket Council is the international governing body of cricket. The ICC has 105 members,10 Full Members that play Test matches,39 Associate Members, the ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of crickets major international tournaments, most notably the Cricket World Cup. It also appoints the umpires and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, One Day International, the Chairman heads the board of directors and on 26 June 2014, N. Srinivasan, the former president of BCCI, was announced as the first chairman of the council. The role of ICC president has become an honorary position since the establishment of the chairman role. It has been claimed that the 2014 changes have handed control to the so-called Big Three nations of England, the current ICC president is Zaheer Abbas, who was appointed in June 2015 following the resignation of Mustafa Kamal in April 2015. Kamal, the president of the Bangladesh Cricket Board, resigned shortly after the 2015 World Cup. The current CEO is David Richardson, who succeeded Haroon Lorgat, on 15 June 1909 representatives from England, Australia and South Africa met at Lords and founded the Imperial Cricket Conference. Membership was confined to the bodies of cricket within the British Empire where Test cricket was played. West Indies, New Zealand and India were elected as Full Members in 1926, however the United States did not meet these criteria and was not made a member. After the formation of Pakistan in 1947, it was given Test status in 1952, in May 1961 South Africa left the Commonwealth and therefore lost membership. In 1965, it was renamed as the International Cricket Conference and this led to the expansion of the Conference, with the admission of Associate Members. Associates were each entitled to one vote, while the Foundation, Foundation Members retained a right of veto. Sri Lanka was admitted as a Full Member in 1981, returning the number of Test-playing nations to seven, in 1989, new rules were adopted and the current name, the International Cricket Council came into existence. South Africa was re-elected as a Full Member of the ICC in 1991, after the end of apartheid, then, in the year 2000 Bangladesh received test status. From its formation the ICC had Lords Cricket Ground as its home, the independent ICC was funded initially by commercial exploitation of the rights to the World Cup of One Day International cricket. This was established in January 1994 and was based in Monaco, for the remainder of the nineties, the administration of IDI was a modest affair. But with the negotiation of a bundle of rights to all ICC events from 2001–2008, revenues available to International cricket and this led to a growth in the number of commercial staff employed by IDI in Monaco. It also had the disadvantage that the Councils cricket administrators, who remained at Lords, were separated from their colleagues in Monaco
5.
Asian Cricket Council
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The Asian Cricket Council is a cricket organisation which was established in 1983, to promote and develop the sport of cricket in Asia. Subordinate to the International Cricket Council, the council is the regional administrative body. Shehreyar Khan is the current president of Asian Cricket Council, ACC was first headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the council was originally established as the Asian Cricket Conference in 1983, changing its name to the present in 1995. Until 2003, the headquarters of the council were rotated biennially amongst the presidents, the organisations current president is Shahriyar khan, who is also the Chairman of the Pakistan Cricket Board. The current ACC headquartered in Colombo, Sri Lanka, which was opened on 20 August 2016. The council was formed in New Delhi, India, on 19 September 1983, with the members being Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore. Fiji, Japan, and Papua New Guinea were formerly members of the ACC, lt. Gen. GS Butt –19874. Lt. Gen. Zahid Ali Akhbar Khan – 1988–985, anisul Islam Mahmud – 1989–916. Lt. Gen. Tauqir Zia – 2000–0214, mohammad Ali Asghar – 2002–0415. Dr. Nasim Ashraf –200820, shehreyar Khan – 2016–Present ACC Asian Test Championship is a professional Test cricket tournament contested between the Test playing nations of Asia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It is not an event in the cricketing calendar and has so far been held only twice, in 1998–99 when Pakistan won. It was originally planned that the tournament would be every two years, alternatively with the Asia Cup. India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka competed in the inaugural Asian Test Championship between February and March 1999, Bangladesh could not compete because the ICC had not granted them Test status. The venues of the round robin matches were rotated between the three countries, with the final to be held in Dhaka, Bangladesh as a neutral venue, Pakistan defeated Sri Lanka by an innings and 175 runs in the final to become the first Asian Test Champions. Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka competed in the second Asian Test Championship between August 2001 and March 2002, India pulled out of the tournament due to political tensions with Pakistan. The final was held at Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore, Pakistan. Sri Lanka defeated Pakistan by 8 wickets to win the second Asian Test championship, ACC Asia Cup is an international mens One Day International cricket tournament. It was established in 1983 when the Asian Cricket Council was founded as a measure to promote goodwill between Asian countries and it was originally scheduled to be held every two years. The ACC has announced that the tournament will be held biennially from 2008 onwards, the ICC has ruled that all games played in the Asia Cup have official ODI status
6.
ICC Test Championship
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The ICC Test Championship is an international competition run by the International Cricket Council in the sport of cricket for the 10 teams that play Test cricket. In essence, after every Test series, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula, each teams points total is divided by their total number of matches played to give a rating, and the Test-playing teams are ranked by order of rating. A drawn match between higher and lower rated teams will benefit the team at the expense of the higher-rated team. An average team that wins as often as it loses while playing a mix of stronger and weaker teams should have a rating of 100, the International Cricket Council awards a trophy, the ICC Test Championship mace, to the team holding the highest rating. The mace is transferred whenever a new team moves to the top of the rating list, the team that is top of the ratings table on 1 April each year also wins a cash prize, currently $1 million. India are currently the team in the ICC Test Championship. The ICC provides ratings for the end of each back to June 2003. However, from 2009, several teams have competed for the top positions, the ICC retrospectively applied the current rating system to results since 1952. The table only begins then, as prior to 1952 there is insufficient data available due to the infrequency of matches, the first tournament was meant to replace the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy in England and Wales. However, the Test championship was cancelled as the ICC stated that it was not supported by its broadcast partner – ESPN STAR Sports and this was mainly due to the fact that the broadcast of the Champions Trophy would generate much more revenue than a Test Championship. Each team scores points based on the results of their matches over the last 3−4 years, a series must include at least two Tests. Each May, the matches and points earned between 3 and 4 years ago are removed, and the matches and points earned between 1 and 2 years ago switch from 100% weighting to 50% weighting. For example, at May 2014, the matches played between May 2010 and May 2011 were removed, and the matches played between May 2012 and May 2013 switched to 50% weighting. This happens overnight, so can result in teams changing positions in the table despite no one playing. Each time two teams complete another series, the tables is updated as described below, based on the ratings of the teams immediately before they played. Award 1 point to a team for each match won, award ½ point to a team for each match drawn or tied. Award 1 bonus point to the winning the series. Award ½ bonus point to each team if the series is drawn, drawing a match will earn the weaker team more rating points than the rating they already had, and the stronger team fewer
7.
ICC ODI Championship
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The ICC ODI Championship is an international One Day International cricket competition run by the International Cricket Council. The competition is notional in that it is simply a ranking scheme overlaid on the regular ODI match schedule, after every ODI match, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula. Each teams points total is divided by their number of matches played to give a rating. A drawn match between higher and lower rated teams will benefit the team at the expense of the higher-rated team. An average team that wins as often as it loses while playing a mix of stronger and weaker teams should have a rating of 100. As of 4 March 2017, South Africa lead the ICC ODI Championship with a rating of 119, while the lowest rated team, the championship consists of two separate ranking tables. The ten ICC Full Members that play Test cricket are automatically listed on the main table, latest entrant is Afghanistan, by defeating Bangladesh in 2014 Asia Cup. Netherlands and Kenya were also listed on the table as they previously had permanent ODI status. Each May, the matches and points earned between 3 and 4 years ago are removed, and the matches and points earned between 1 and 2 years ago switch from 100% weighting to 50% weighting. For example, at May 2014, the matches played between May 2010 and May 2011 were removed, and the matches played between May 2012 and May 2013 switched to 50% weighting. This happens overnight, so can result in teams changing positions in the table despite not playing. Each time two teams play match, the rankings table is updated as follows, based on the ratings of the teams immediately before they played. Add the match points scored to the points scored, add one to the number of matches played. Points earned by teams depend on the ratings, therefore this system needed to assign base ratings to teams when it started. See also, Detailed example The ICC provides ratings for the end of each back to October 2002. This table lists the teams that have held the highest rating since that date. The table only begins from 1981 as prior to date, there is not enough data available due to the infrequency of matches. The ICC used the results from the 2005 ICC Trophy and WCQS Division 2 competition to rank the nations and these rankings were used to seed the initial stage of the global World Cricket League
8.
ICC T20I Championship
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The ICC T20 Championship is an international Twenty20 cricket competition run by the International Cricket Council. The competition is notional in that it is simply a ranking scheme overlaid on the regular T20I match schedule, after every T20I match, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula. The total of each teams total is divided by the total number of matches to give a rating. Currently, New Zealand leads the ICC T20I Championship, each May, the matches and points earned between 3 and 4 years ago are removed, and the matches and points earned between 1 and 2 years ago switch from 100% weighting to 50% weighting. For example, at May 2014, the matches played between May 2010 and May 2011 were removed, and the matches played between May 2012 and May 2013 switched to 50% weighting. This happens overnight, so can result in teams changing positions in the table despite not playing. Each time two teams play match, the rankings table is updated as follows, based on the ratings of the teams immediately before they played. The table shows the points awarded to the two teams for 9 different initial ratings for B, and the three possible match results and this illustrates that, The winning team earns more points than the losing team. Winning always earns a team 100 points more than losing, and 50 more than tieing, the total points earned by the two teams is always the same as the total initial ratings of the two teams. A winning team therefore always earns more points than its rating, increasing its overall average rating. A losing team therefore always earns fewer points than its rating, decreasing its overall average rating. In a tie, the team usually earns more points than the stronger team. Also, the team will earn fewer points than its initial rating, decreasing its average. However, despite these changes in the rule, the number of points awarded for each result changes smoothly as the initial ratings change. Each teams rating is equal to its total points scored divided by the matches played. Add the match points scored to the points scored, add one to the number of matches played. Points earned by teams depend on the ratings, therefore this system needed to assign base ratings to teams when it started. This table lists the teams that have held the highest rating since the T20I ranking was introduced
9.
England cricket team
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The England cricket team is the team that represents England and Wales in international cricket. Since 1 January 1997 it has been governed by the England and Wales Cricket Board, England and Australia were the first teams to play a Test match, and these two countries together with South Africa formed the Imperial Cricket Conference on 15 June 1909. England and Australia also played the first One Day International on 5 January 1971, Englands first Twenty20 International was played on 13 June 2005, once more against Australia. As of 9 March 2017, England has played 983 Test matches, winning 351, the team has won The Ashes on 32 occasions, the same number as their opponents Australia. England has played 683 ODIs, winning 332, and its record in major ODI tournaments includes finishing as runners-up in three Cricket World Cups, and also in two ICC Champions Trophys, England has also played 89 T20Is, winning 43. They won the ICC World Twenty20 in 2010, and were runners-up in 2016, England are currently ranked fourth in Tests, fifth in ODIs and fifth in T20Is by the ICC. England currently holds the record for the highest ever ODI total of 444, such matches were repeated on numerous occasions for the best part of a century. In 1846 William Clarke formed the All-England Eleven and this team would eventually compete against a United All-England Eleven with annual matches occurring between 1847 and 1856. These matches were arguably the most important contest of the English season if judged by the quality of the players, the first overseas tour occurred in September 1859 with England touring North America. This team had six players from the All-England Eleven, six from the United All-England Eleven and was captained by George Parr, with the outbreak of the American Civil War, attention turned elsewhere. English tourists visited Australia in 1861-62 with this first tour organised as a venture by Messrs Spiers and Pond. Most matches played during tours prior to 1877 were against odds and this first Australian tour were mostly against odds of at least 18/11. The tour was so successful that George Parr led a tour in 1863–64. James Lillywhite led a subsequent England team which sailed on the P&O steamship Poonah on 21 September 1876 and they would play a combined Australian XI, for once on even terms of 11 a side. The match, starting on 15 March 1877 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground came to be regarded as the inaugural Test match, the combined Australian XI won this Test match by 45 runs with Charles Bannerman of Australia scoring the first Test century. At the time, the match was promoted as James Lillywhites XI v Combined Victoria, the teams played a return match on the same ground at Easter,1877, when Lillywhites team avenged their loss with a victory by four wickets. The first Test match on English soil occurred in 1880 with England victorious, – The body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia. As a result of loss the tour of 1882–83 was dubbed by England captain Ivo Bligh as the quest to regain the ashes
10.
Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium
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Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium Colombo Oval or P. Sara or simply PSS is a multi-purpose stadium in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is currently used mostly for cricket matches, the stadium holds 15,000 and hosted its first Test match in 1982. It is named after Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu, a civil servant. The venue is the ground of the Tamil Union Cricket. The P. Sara Oval hosts one test match per year in Sri Lankas summer test calendar, the stadium is equipped with a swimming complex and badminton arena for multiple sports activities. The P. Saravanamuttu Stadium hosted Sri Lankas first Test, against England in 1982, aravinda de Silva, on 3 November 1984, against New Zealand scored 50* runs, took 2 catches and with this effort he made this ground important to Sri Lanka. In 1985, Sri Lanka won their first Test match at this ground and it is a relatively small ground, half surrounded by lower-level stands and half by grass banks. The most famous feature is the scoreboard and in 1948 Don Bradman brought his Australian side to the ground en route to England. The ground had hosted international matches until 1994, but that was followed by an eight-year lull. In 2002, the ground was used as soil for an Australia vs Pakistan Test Series. The stadium has hosted 15 Test matches,12 ODIs and one T20, stephen Fleming holds the record for highest Test score at this ground. Best bowling figures by Shane Warne, 7/94 Australia vs Pakistan in 2002
11.
Colombo
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Colombo is the commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka. According to the Brookings Institution, Colombo metropolitan area has a population of 5.6 million and it is the financial centre of the island and a popular tourist destination. It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Colombo is often referred to as the capital since Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is within the urban area of, and a satellite city of, Colombo. It is also the capital of Western Province, Sri Lanka. Colombo is a busy and vibrant place with a mixture of life and colonial buildings. It was the capital of Sri Lanka until 1982. Due to its harbour and its strategic position along the East-West sea trade routes. It was made the capital of the island when Sri Lanka was ceded to the British Empire in 1815, in 1978, when administrative functions were moved to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Colombo was designated as the commercial capital of Sri Lanka. The main city is home to a majority of Sri Lankas corporate offices, restaurants, the name Colombo, first introduced by the Portuguese in 1505, is believed to be derived from the classical Sinhalese name කොලොන් තොට Kolon thota, meaning port on the river Kelani. Another belief is that the name is derived from the Sinhalese name කොල-අඹ-තොට Kola-amba-thota which means Harbour with leafy mango trees, the author of the oldest Sinhalese grammar, Sidatsangarava, written in the 13th century wrote about a category of words that exclusively belonged to early Sinhalese. It lists naramba and kolamba as belonging to an indigenous source, kolamba may also be the source of the name of the commercial capital Colombo. As Colombo possesses a harbour, it was known to Indian, Greeks, Persians, Romans, Arabs. Traveller Ibn Batuta who visited the island in the 14th century and their descendants now comprise the local Sri Lankan Moor community. Portuguese explorers led by Dom Lourenço de Almeida first arrived in Sri Lanka in 1505, as part of the treaty, the Portuguese were given full authority over the coastline in exchange for the promise of guarding the coast against invaders. They were allowed to establish a trading post in Colombo, within a short time, however, they expelled the Muslim inhabitants of Colombo and began to build a fort in 1517. Following the fall of the kingdom in 1593, the Portuguese were able to complete control over the coastal area. This part of Colombo is still known as Fort and houses the presidential palace, the area immediately outside Fort is known as Pettah and is a commercial hub. In 1638 the Dutch signed a treaty with King Rajasinha II of Kandy which assured the king assistance in his war against the Portuguese in exchange for a monopoly of the major trade goods
12.
Bangladesh national cricket team
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The Bangladesh national cricket team, also known as The Tigers, represents Bangladesh in international cricket. It is administered by the Bangladesh Cricket Board, Bangladesh is a full member of the International Cricket Council with Test and One Day International status. It played its first Test match in November 2000 against India in Dhaka, Bangladeshs first official foray into international cricket came in the 1979 ICC Trophy in England. On 31 March 1986, Bangladesh played its first ODI match, for a long time, football was the most popular sport in Bangladesh, but cricket gradually became very popular – particularly in urban areas – and by the late 1990s had surpassed football. In 1997, Bangladesh won the ICC Trophy in Malaysia and thus qualified for its first Cricket World Cup to participate in England in 1999, there, it defeated Pakistan – causing much upset – and also Scotland. On 26 June 2000, Bangladesh was granted full ICC membership, Bangladesh holds the record for most consecutive losses in Tests and ODIs. After gaining full member status with the ICC, Bangladesh had to wait until 2004 for its first ODI win since the 1999 World Cup, in 2009 Bangladesh toured the West Indies for two Tests and by winning both secured their first overseas series victory. On 14 March 2017, against Sri Lanka Bangladesh became the youngest team to play 100 test matches, as of 6 April 2017, Bangladesh has played 100 Tests, winning nine tests among them. Its first victory was against team Zimbabwe, and the two came against the West Indian team. They played their 100th Test when they toured Sri Lanka in March 2017, the team has been more successful in ODIs, having won 102 of its 324 matches. It has also played 67 Twenty20 Internationals, winning 21, however the limited over success is due to the wins against Zimbabwe and associate members. Bangladesh is currently ranked ninth in Tests, seventh in ODIs, in 1977, Bangladesh became an Associate member of the International Cricket Council. Bangladesh was one of fifteen teams to take part in the inaugural ICC Trophy, held in 1979, it gave non-Test playing countries the opportunity to qualify for that years World Cup. Bangladesh, under the captaincy of Raqibul Hasan, won two matches and lost two, but failed to progress beyond the first round, victory in the South-East Asian Cricket Conference Tournament in February 1984 ensured Bangladesh qualified for the 1986 Asia Cup. They lost their second ODI which was against Sri Lanka, finishing last in the three-team tournament, Bangladesh qualified for the 1988 Asia Cup, this time hosting the tournament, it was the first time ODIs had been staged in the country. Although they lost all their matches, Bangladeshs fixtures were retrospectively awarded ODI, floods in the preceding months meant the tournament was in doubt, but it went ahead as planned. A charity match raised $70,000 for the flood victims, Bangladesh took part in the 1990 Austral-Asia Cup, the Asia Cup in 1990–91,1995, and 1997, but it was not until 1998 that they won their first ODI. Their 22-match losing streak since their first ODI was at the time a record, Bangladesh posted its first ODI win against Kenya, in India thanks largely to Mohammad Rafique, who contributed a fiery 77 runs and took 3 wickets
13.
Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium
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The Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium, also called Mirpur Stadium, is a cricket ground in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The ground was constructed for football in the late 1980s. The venue was taken over by the Bangladesh Cricket Board in 2004, the stadium has a field dimensions of 186 m X136 m. The finals of the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 and Womens World Twenty20 were hosted at the stadium, the stadium hosted its first International T20 on 11 October 2011, Bangladesh vs West Indies. Till 30 April 2015 the venue has hosted 19 T20I, the venue will be upgraded to a football stadium after completion of a 75,000 seat stadium in Purbachal, Dhaka. The ground was built for football and athletics and was hence rectangular in shape. To bring it back to a shape suited for cricket, a lot of renovation had to be done, about three feet of soil was excavated to remove all the red clay. PVC pipes were fit in before filling it up with rock chips and sand, the slope is nice and even, a difference of 29 inches from the wicket to the boundary. The ground was fitted with floodlights in 2009, it is able to host day/night cricket matches, the ground hosted its first Test match on 25 May 2007 where the home team played India. The first ODI took place on 18 December 2005 where Bangladesh played Scotland, on 11 October 2011 the stadium hosted its first T20I between Bangladesh And West Indies. The venue has hosted all matches of first ever Asia Cup in T20 format, Asia Cup 2016, including 2 qualifier matches. On 17 June 2014 in the 2nd ODI between Bangladesh and India, Taskin Ahmed became 1st ever Bangladeshi Bowler to take 5 wicket in an ODI Debut, on 1 December 2014 against Zimbabwe Taijul Islam became only cricketer to take a Hat-Trick on ODI Debut. On 17 April 2015 in the 1st ODI between Bangladesh and Pakistan, Bangladesh made their highest ODI total against any team, surprassing 326-3 against same opponent, incidentally both the bowlers got this feat against India at this venue. On 21 July 2015 in the 2nd ODI between Bangladesh and India, Mustafizur Rahman became only 2nd bowler to have taken 5-fer in the first two matches after Brian Vitori, in fact, he became only bowler to take 11 wicket in first two ODIs. Winning this match, Bangladesh 1st time won a series against India, in the 3rd ODI he took 2 wickets and become the only bowler to have taken 13 wickets in first 3 matches and also become the highest wicket taker in 3 match ODI series. On 12 July 2015 in the 2nd ODI between Bangladesh and South Africa, South Africa were bowled out in a mere 162 runs and this was their lowest total against Bangladesh and 1st time they were bowled out for less than 200 in the 1st innings since 2009. Nasir Hossain made his best bowling figure, Bangladesh chased it down with 22.2 overs to spare, which is 2nd biggest defeat in terms of balls for South Africa in the Sub-continent. The stadium hosted 4 group matches and 2 quarter finals during the 2011 Cricket World Cup which took place in 19 February –2 April, jointly hosted by Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the other venue in Bangladesh was Chittagong
14.
Dhaka
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Dhaka is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. It is one of the worlds most populated cities, with a population of 17 million people in the Greater Dhaka Area and it is also the 3rd most densely populated city in the world. Located in a district and division, it lies along the east bank of the Buriganga River in the heart of the Bengal delta. The city is a microcosm of the country, with diverse religious. Dhaka is the economic, cultural and political center of Bangladesh and its name was romanized as Dacca until the current spelling was adopted in 1983. It is the largest city in the Bengal region and it is also a major city of South Asia and among the OIC states. The old city of Dhaka was the Mughal capital of Bengal, the citys name was Jahangir Nagar in the 17th century. It was a commercial center and the hub of the worldwide muslin. The city hosted two important caravansaries of the subcontinent, the Bara Katra and Choto Katra, located on the riverfront of the Buriganga, the Mughals decorated the city with well-laid out gardens, tombs, mosques, palaces and forts. Dhaka became known as the City of Mosques in Bengal and it was also described as the Venice of the East. The old city was home to various Eurasian merchant groups, at the height of its medieval glory, Dhaka was regarded as one of the wealthiest and most prosperous cities in the world. It was central to the economy of Mughal Bengal, which generated 50% of Mughal GDP, modern Dhaka developed from the late 20th century under the administration of East Pakistan. Between 1905 and 1912, it was the capital of British Eastern Bengal, in 1947, after the region became known as Pakistan, it became the administrative capital of the eastern wing of Pakistan. It was declared as the capital of Pakistan in 1962. In 1971, it became the capital of an independent Bangladesh, the city has endured periods of famine, war and natural calamities. It continues to confront challenges faced by growing metropolises in developing countries, including poverty, Dhaka is home to thousands of Bangladeshi businesses and the offices of many international corporations. The Dhaka Stock Exchange is one of the largest in South Asia in terms of trading volume and it hosts several major arts festivals, including the annual Ekushey Book Fair, the Dhaka Literature Festival and the biannual Dhaka Art Summit. The city has the largest number of cycle rickshaws and is known as the Rickshaw Capital of the World, Dhakas highly popular cuisine features distinctive biryanis, kebabs and bakarkhanis as a legacy of its rule by the Mughals and the Nawabs of Dhaka
15.
One Day International
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A One Day International is a form of limited overs cricket, played between two teams with international status, in which each team faces a fixed number of overs, usually 50. The Cricket World Cup is played in this format, One Day International matches are also called Limited Overs Internationals, although this generic term may also refer to Twenty20 International matches. They are major matches and considered the highest standard of limited overs competition, the international one-day game is a late twentieth-century development. The first ODI was played on 5 January 1971 between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. When the first three days of the third Test were washed out officials decided to abandon the match and, instead, Australia won the game by 5 wickets. ODIs were played in kits with a red ball. The first of the matches with coloured uniforms was the WSC Australians in wattle gold versus WSC West Indians in coral pink, played at VFL Park in Melbourne on 17 January 1979. Matches played with coloured kits and a white ball became more commonplace over time, and the use of white flannels, in the main the Laws of cricket apply. However, in ODIs, each team bats for a number of overs. In the early days of ODI cricket, the number of overs was generally 60 overs per side, and matches were played with 40,45 or 55 overs per side. Simply stated, the works as follows, An ODI is contested by 2 teams of 11 players each. The Captain of the winning the toss chooses to either bat or bowl first. The team batting first sets the score in a single innings. The innings lasts until the side is all out or all of the first sides allotted overs are completed. Each bowler is restricted to bowling a maximum of 10 overs, therefore, each team must comprise at least five competent bowlers. The team batting second tries to score more than the score in order to win the match. Similarly, the side bowling second tries to out the second team or make them exhaust their overs before they reach the target score in order to win. If the number of runs scored by both teams is equal when the team loses all of its wickets or exhausts all its overs
16.
West Indies cricket team
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From the mid-to-late 1970s to the early 1990s, the West Indies team was the strongest in the world in both Test and One Day International cricket. The West Indies were the first team to win back-to-back World Cups, as of 5 October 2016, the West Indian cricket team is ranked eighth in Tests, ninth in ODIs and fourth in T20Is by the ICC. West Indies has hosted the 2007 Cricket World Cup and the 2010 ICC World Twenty20, the Leeward Islands Cricket Association consists of associations of one sovereign state, the two entities of Saint Kitts and Nevis, three British Overseas Territories and two other dependencies. The Windward Islands Cricket Board of Control consists of associations of four sovereign states, currently, Cayman Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands, other historical parts of the former West Indies Federation and now British Overseas Territories, have their own teams. National teams also exist for the islands, which, as they are all separate countries, very much keep their local identities. These national teams take part in the West Indian first-class competition and it is also common for other international teams to play the island teams for warm-up games before they take on the combined West Indies team. The official population number for those countries and dependencies is estimated to around 6 million, which is larger than Scotland, Kitts Cricket Association St. Lucia Cricket Association St. In their early days in the 1930s, the side represented the British colonies that would form the West Indies Federation plus British Guiana. The last series the West Indies played before the outbreak of the Second World War was against England in 1939, there followed a hiatus that lasted until January 1948 when the MCC toured the West Indies. Of the West Indies players in that first match after the war only Gerry Gomez, George Headley, Jeffrey Stollmeyer, and Foffie Williams had previously played Test cricket. The West Indies defeated England for the first time at Lords on 29 June 1950 and, on 16 August 1950, by the late 1970s, the West Indies led by Clive Lloyd had a side recognised as unofficial world champions, a reputation they retained throughout the 1980s. During these glory years, the West Indies were noted for their four-man fast bowling attack, in 1976, fast bowler Michael Holding took 14/149 in a Test against England, setting a record which still stands for best bowling figures in a Test by a West Indies bowler. The 1980s saw the set a then-record streak of 11 consecutive Test victories in 1984. West Indies would not play a One Day International after World Cup 2015 until after 30 September, a scheduled Triangular series with Zimbabwe and Pakistan was cancelled after the Pakistan Cricket Board refused to risk their hard-earned spot in the same competition. West Indies first game after World Cup was against Sri Lanka in Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka whitewashed West Indies in both Test and ODI series as 2-0 and 3-0 respectively, which cause them to fall down the rankings. But in 2-match T20 series, West Indies were able to draw it by winning the last match of the tour. With this win, West Indies moved higher in T20I team rankings up to third place, most cricketing nations use their own national flags for cricketing purposes. However, as the West Indies represent a number of independent states and dependencies, the WICB has, therefore, developed an insignia showing a palm tree and cricket stumps on a small sunny island
17.
Old Trafford Cricket Ground
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Old Trafford, known for sponsorship reasons as Emirates Old Trafford, is a cricket ground in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. It opened in 1857 as the home of Manchester Cricket Club and has been the home of Lancashire County Cricket Club since 1864, Old Trafford is Englands second oldest test venue and one of the most renowned. It was the venue for the first ever Ashes test to be held in England in July 1884 and has hosted two Cricket World Cup semi-finals, in the 1993 Ashes Test at Old Trafford, leg-spinner Shane Warne bowled Mike Gatting with the Ball of the Century. Extensive redevelopment of the ground to increase capacity and modernise facilities began in 2009 in an effort to safeguard international cricket at the venue, the pitch at Old Trafford has historically been the quickest in England, but will take spin later in the game. The site was first used as a ground in 1857. It was not until the Roses match of 1875 that significant numbers attended a game, when W. G. Grace brought Gloucestershire in 1878, Old Trafford saw 28,000 spectators over three days, and this provoked improvements to access and facilities. In 1884, Old Trafford became the second English ground, after The Oval, to stage Test cricket, with the first day being lost to rain, expansion of the ground followed over the next decade, with the decision being taken to construct a new pavilion in 1894. The ground was purchased outright from the de Traffords in 1898, for £24,372, as crowds increased, with over 50,000 spectators attending the 1899 Test match. In 1902, the Australian Victor Trumper hit a hundred before lunch on the first day, crowds fell through the early 20th Century, and the ground was closed during the First World War, however, in the conflicts aftermath, crowd numbers reached new heights. Investment followed throughout the period, and during this time, Lancashire experienced their most successful run to date. During the Second World War, Old Trafford was used as a camp for troops returning from Dunkirk. In December 1940, the ground was hit by bombs, damaging or destroying several stands. Despite this damage – and the failure of an appeal to raise funds for repairs – cricket resumed promptly after the war, the Victory Test between England and Australia of August 1945 proved to be extremely popular, with 76,463 seeing it over three days. Differences of opinion between the committee and players led to a bad run of form in the 1950s and early 1960s, this consequently saw gate money drop. After 1964, however, the situation was reversed, and 1969 saw the first Indoor Cricket Centre opened, in 1956 Jim Laker became the first person to take all 10 wickets in a Test match innings, achieving figures of 10 for 53 in the fourth Test against Australia. Having also taken 9 for 37 in the first innings, Laker ended the match with figures of 19 for 90. On 1 May 1963 the first ever one day cricket match took place at Old Trafford, Lancashire beat Leicestershire in a preliminary knock-out game, as 16th and 17th finishers in the Championship the previous year, to decide who would fill the 16th spot in the one-day competition. Following Lancashires reign as One Day champions in the 1970s, a programme of renovation and replacement was initiated in 1981
18.
Manchester
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Manchester is a major city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 514,414 as of 2013. It lies within the United Kingdoms second-most populous urban area, with a population of 2.55 million, Manchester is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation. The local authority is Manchester City Council and it was historically a part of Lancashire, although areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated during the 20th century. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a township but began to expand at an astonishing rate around the turn of the 19th century. Manchesters unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, Manchester achieved city status in 1853. The Manchester Ship Canal opened in 1894, creating the Port of Manchester and its fortunes declined after the Second World War, owing to deindustrialisation. The city centre was devastated in a bombing in 1996, but it led to extensive investment, in 2014, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked Manchester as a beta world city, the highest-ranked British city apart from London. Manchester is the third-most visited city in the UK and it is notable for its architecture, culture, musical exports, media links, scientific and engineering output, social impact, sports clubs and transport connections. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station was the worlds first inter-city passenger railway station and in the city scientists first split the atom, the name Manchester originates from the Latin name Mamucium or its variant Mancunium and the citizens are still referred to as Mancunians. These are generally thought to represent a Latinisation of an original Brittonic name, both meanings are preserved in languages derived from Common Brittonic, mam meaning breast in Irish and mother in Welsh. The suffix -chester is a survival of Old English ceaster and their territory extended across the fertile lowland of what is now Salford and Stretford. Central Manchester has been settled since this time. A stabilised fragment of foundations of the version of the Roman fort is visible in Castlefield. After the Roman withdrawal and Saxon conquest, the focus of settlement shifted to the confluence of the Irwell, much of the wider area was laid waste in the subsequent Harrying of the North. Thomas de la Warre, lord of the manor, founded and constructed a church for the parish in 1421. The church is now Manchester Cathedral, the premises of the college house Chethams School of Music. The library, which opened in 1653 and is open to the public today, is the oldest free public reference library in the United Kingdom. Manchester is mentioned as having a market in 1282, around the 14th century, Manchester received an influx of Flemish weavers, sometimes credited as the foundation of the regions textile industry
19.
Cricket World Cup
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The ICC Cricket World Cup is the international championship of One Day International cricket. The event is organised by the governing body, the International Cricket Council, every four years. The tournament is one of the worlds most viewed sporting events and is considered the event of the international cricket calendar by the ICC. The first World Cup was organised in England in June 1975, the first three World Cups were held in England. From the 1987 tournament onwards, hosting has been shared between countries under a rotation system, with fourteen ICC members having hosted at least one match in the tournament. A total of twenty teams have competed in the editions of the tournament. Australia has won the tournament five times, with the West Indies, India, Pakistan, the best performance by a non-full-member team came when Kenya made the semi-finals of the 2003 tournament. The first international match was played between Canada and the United States, on 24 and 25 September 1844. However, the first credited Test match was played in 1877 between Australia and England, and the two teams competed regularly for The Ashes in subsequent years, South Africa was admitted to Test status in 1889. Representative cricket teams were selected to each other, resulting in bilateral competition. Cricket was also included as an Olympic sport at the 1900 Paris Games and this was the only appearance of cricket at the Summer Olympics. The event was not a success, the summer was exceptionally wet, making play difficult on damp uncovered pitches, since then, international Test cricket has generally been organised as bilateral series, a multilateral Test tournament was not organised again until the triangular Asian Test Championship in 1999. The number of nations playing Test cricket increased gradually over time, with the addition of West Indies in 1928, New Zealand in 1930, India in 1932, however, international cricket continued to be played as bilateral Test matches over three, four or five days. In the early 1960s, English county cricket teams playing a shortened version of cricket which only lasted for one day. Starting in 1962 with a knockout competition known as the Midlands Knock-Out Cup. A national Sunday League was formed in 1969 and it was a forty over game with eight balls per over. In the late 1970s, Kerry Packer established the rival World Series Cricket competition, the first of the matches with coloured uniforms was the WSC Australians in wattle gold versus WSC West Indians in coral pink, played at VFL Park in Melbourne on 17 January 1979. The inaugural Cricket World Cup was hosted in 1975 by England, the 1975 tournament started on 7 June
20.
1975 Cricket World Cup
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The 1975 Cricket World Cup was the first edition of the Cricket World Cup, organised by the International Cricket Conference. It was held from 7 to 21 June 1975 in England, each match consisted of 60 overs per team and was played in traditional white clothing and with red balls, all were played during the day and hence started early. England, New Zealand West Indies and Australia were the teams to qualify for the semi-finals, the opening match of the tournament featured one of the most bizarre batting efforts in one-day history, by Indias Sunil Gavaskar. After England scored 334/4, with Dennis Amiss making 137, Gavaskar batted through the full 60 overs for 36 not out, the format of the first world cup was 2 groups of four teams each, and each team playing each other. The top two team from each group advance to the Semi Finals, where the winners then advance for the finals. The first Cricket World Cup was played in England on seven different venues, a total of 16 matches were played in the 1975 Cricket World Cup, including two semi-finals and a final. England hosted each of the first three competitions, the ICC decided that England should host the first tournament because it was ready to put the resources needed in organising the inaugural event. India proposed that it should host the third Cricket World Cup and this meant that a match could be completed in one day. The following 8 teams qualified for the final tournament, sri Lanka and East Africa were the only two teams without Test status. In the best World Cup performance to date by a bowler, Gary Gilmour took six for fourteen, as England were bowled out for 93, Australia initially suffered a collapse just as dramatic, falling to 39/6, before Gilmour brought them home in a fantastic all-round performance. The West Indies won the toss and sent New Zealand in to bat first, New Zealand batted well against the bowling at first, reaching 98/1. However, when captain Glenn Turner and Geoff Howarth fell, breaking a second-wicket partnership of 90 runs, the West Indies responded, with Alvin Kallicharan and Gordon Greenidge sharing a second-wicket partnership of 125 runs, that brought the West Indies to their target. In the final, the West Indies beat Australia by 17 runs, the Australian innings was marked by top-order batsmen being run out when going for runs after misfields. A total of five of their team were run out, three by Vivian Richards, there was no Man of the Series awarded in 1975. Cricket World Cup 1975 from Cricinfo
21.
1996 Cricket World Cup
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The 1996 Cricket World Cup, also called the Wills World Cup after its official sponsors, ITCs Wills brand, was the sixth Cricket World Cup, organised by the International Cricket Council. It was the second World Cup to be hosted by Pakistan and India, the tournament was won by Sri Lanka, who defeated Australia in the final at the Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The Wills World Cup was played in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka, in addition to offering maximum security to the teams, questioned the validity of citing security concerns when the International Cricket Council had determined it was safe. After extensive negotiations, the ICC ruled that Sri Lanka would be awarded both games on forfeit, as a result of this decision, Sri Lanka automatically qualified for the quarter-finals before playing a game. India hosted 17 matches at 17 different venues, while Pakistan hosted 16 matches at 6 venues, all the test playing countries participated in the competition including Zimbabwe who following the last world cup became the 9th Full Test status member of the ICC. The Three Associate teams to qualify through the 1994 ICC Trophy also made their World Cup debuts in 1996, the United Arab Emirates, the Netherlands lost all of their five matches while the U. A. E. only beat the Dutch. Kenya, however, recorded a victory over the West Indies in Pune. Against Kenya, Sri Lanka made 398 for 5, a new record for the highest team score in a One Day International that stood until April 2006, gary Kirsten scored 188 not out against United Arab Emirates at Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Sri Lanka won the first semi-final over India at Eden Gardens, chasing Sri Lankas innings of 251 for 8, India had slumped to 120 for 8 in the 35th over when sections of crowd began to throw fruit and plastic bottles onto the field. The players left the field for 20 minutes in an attempt to quieten the crowd, when the players returned for play, more bottles were thrown onto the field and fires were lit in the stand. Match referee Clive Lloyd awarded the match to Sri Lanka, the first default ever in a Test or One Day International, in the second semi-final in Mohali, Australia recovered from 15 for 4 to reach 207 for 8 from their 50 overs. The West Indians had reached 165 for 2 in the 42nd over before losing their last 8 wickets for 37 runs in 50 balls. Sri Lanka won the toss in the final and sent Australia in to bat despite the team batting first having won all five previous World Cup finals, mark Taylor top scored with 74 in Australias total of 241 for 7. Sri Lanka won the match in the 47th over with Aravinda de Silva following his 3 for 42 with an unbeaten 107 to win the Player of the Match award and it was the first time a tournament host or co-host had won the cricket World Cup. Sri Lanka won the toss and chose to field, mark Taylor and Ricky Ponting shared a second-wicket partnership of 101 runs. When Ponting and Taylor were dismissed, however, Australia fell from 1/137 to 5/170 as the famed 4-pronged spin attack of Sri Lanka took its toll, despite the slump, Australia struggled on to 241. Cricket World Cup 1996 Scorecards in CricketFundas Cricket World Cup 1996 from ESPNCricinfo Refresh the Memories of Cricket World cup after 18 years with Lankan Cricket Champions 1996
22.
ICC World Cup Qualifier
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The ICC World Cup Qualifier is an international one-day cricket tournament run under the auspices of the International Cricket Council. Any Associate or Affiliate member of the ICC may attempt to qualify for the ICC Trophy by means of a system of qualifying events. The test-playing Full members do not take part, zimbabwe have won the event the most, with three successive titles from 1982 to 1990. Sri Lanka who won the first edition of ICC Trophy in 1979, the 2005 ICC Trophy took place in Ireland, and the top five of the 12 competing teams will be granted One Day International status for matches amongst themselves and against the 10 ICC full members. This status will need to be renewed at the next ICC Trophy tournament in 2009 for all six of the associate members, the top five finishers also qualified for the 2007 Cricket World Cup in the West Indies
23.
Twenty20 International
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A Twenty20 International is a form of cricket, played between two of the top members of the International Cricket Council, in which each team faces 20 overs. The matches have top-class status and are the highest T20 standard, the game is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket. ICC decided to use DRS in Twenty20 internationals from October 2017, in 2016, for the first time in a calendar year, more Twenty20 International matches were played than ODI matches. There remain limits on how many Twenty20 Internationals a team can play each year, in order to protect Test cricket, as of 2016, there are 18 nations that feature in ICC T20I team rankings. The shorter format of the game makes reaching the milestones of scoring a century or taking five wickets in an innings more difficult. Cricket itself was probably first played in England in the Late Middle Ages, a set of laws were drawn up in 1744, and the game achieved a level of relative standardisation by the late nineteenth century. One-day cricket was trialled in 1962, and the first domestic tournament played the following year, the match consisted of one innings for each side, with 40 eight-ball overs. At the same time, the England and Wales Cricket Board conducted consumer research, and proposed the idea of a 20 overs-per-side contest, the first match was played in 2003 between Hampshire and Sussex. The first Twenty20 International match between two sides was played on 17 February 2005, involving Australia and New Zealand. However, Ponting himself said if it does become a game then Im sure the novelty wont be there all the time. Two further matches were played that year, England beat Australia in June, the game had initially been developed to boost the interest in domestic cricket, and to aid this the international teams were only allowed to host three T20Is each year. The cricket manager for the ICC, David Richardson, also commented that Part of the success of Twenty20 cricket is making sure it can coexist with Test cricket, despite this, the first international tournament was held in 2007 in South Africa, the 2007 ICC World Twenty20. That tournament was won by India, who defeated their close rivals Pakistan in the final, writing for The Guardian, Dilip Premachandran suggested that the competitions success meant that the format is here to stay. The next tournament was scheduled for 2009, and it was decided that they would take place biannually, in the opening match of the 2007 World Twenty20, Chris Gayle scored the first century in a T20I, the achievement being reached in the twentieth match of the format. The 500th T20I match was contested between Ireland and the United Arab Emirates at the Sheikh Zayed Stadium, Abu Dhabi on 16 February 2016, the ten Test-playing nations have permanent T20I status. On 28 June 2014, the ICC granted T20I status to Nepal and Netherlands, in 1998, cricket was played as part of the Commonwealth Games, on this occasion in the 50-over format. Cricket was played in 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China and 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, there was further calls for subsequent Commonwealth Games and Olympic Games. The Commonwealth Games Federation asked the ICC to participate in the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games, eSPNcricinfo suggested that the opposition might be based on the possible loss of income
24.
Rose Bowl (cricket ground)
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The Rose Bowl is a cricket ground in West End, Hampshire, England, located between the M27 motorway and Telegraph Woods, on the edge of West End. It is the home of Hampshire County Cricket Club, who have played there since 2001, the ground was constructed as a replacement for Hampshires previous home ground, the County Ground in Southampton, which had been Hampshires home ground since 1885. Hampshire played their first first-class match at the ground against Worcestershire on 9–11 May 2001, the ground has since held international cricket, including One Day Internationals, with the ground hosting some of the matches in the 2004 Champions Trophy. Two Twenty20 Internationals have also played there, as well as Test matches in 2011 and 2014. The end names are the Pavilion End to the south and the Northern End to the north, following Hampshire County Cricket Club finding itself in financial trouble in 2011, the ground was sold to Eastleigh Borough Council for £6.5 million in January 2012. Northlands Road was a location, surrounded by residential buildings which meant expanding the ground was largely impossible. Hampshire also wanted to encourage international cricket to the county, which would not have been possible with Northlands Road, talk of a move from Newlands Road had begun as early as 1987, with Mark Nicholas discussing the idea with then Hampshire vice-chairman Bill Hughes in a Leeds restaurant. A site was selected just outside Southampton in the village of West End. The ground was designed by architect Sir Michael Hopkins, whose design of the pavilion with its tented roof was reminiscent of the Mound Stand at Lords. Construction started on the ground in 1997, however, the budget for the construction soon spiralled out of control. Further funding was secured as construction continued until its first stage was completed in time for the 2001 season, the ground is built into the side of the gently sloping hill on which it is located, resulting in an amphitheatre bowl. The initial name for the ground was announced in 2000 as The Rose Bowl, in recognition of the rose and crown logo. Hampshire were not the only tenant in the first year of the ground, in November 2001, the England and Wales Cricket Board awarded the Rose Bowl a Youth Test match between England Under-19s and India Under-19s. The following month the ECB announced the Rose Bowl would be awarded One Day International status with effect from 2004. The pavilion was completed in March 2002 at a cost of £2 million, in 2003, the ground played host to only the second ever Twenty20 match played, when Hampshire hosted Sussex in the Twenty20 Cup. In 2004, the ground hosted another ODI between New Zealand and the West Indies in the 2004 NatWest Series, though the match was abandoned without a ball bowled. In 2005, England played their first ever Twenty20 International against Australia as part of the Ashes series, in 2006, England played another T20I against Sri Lanka, which England won, due in large to Marcus Trescothicks 72. The Rose Bowl hosted three further ODIs prior to the redevelopment, hosting Pakistan in 2006, India in 2007
25.
Southampton
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Southampton, on the south coast of England, is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire. It is 75 miles south-west of London and 19 miles north-west of Portsmouth, Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the Rivers Test and Itchen, the city, which is a unitary authority, has an estimated population of 253,651. The citys name is abbreviated in writing to Soton or Soton. Significant employers in the city include the University of Southampton, Southampton Solent University, Southampton Airport, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, Southampton has a large shopping centre and retail park, Westquay. In 2014, the city approved a follow-up from the Westquay park, WestQuay Watermark. This built-up area is part of the area known as South Hampshire. With a population of over 1.5 million this makes the one of the United Kingdoms most populous metropolitan areas. Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age, following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, Clausentum was defended by a wall and two ditches and is thought to have contained a bath house. Clausentum was not abandoned until around 410, the Anglo-Saxons formed a new, larger, settlement across the Itchen centred on what is now the St Marys area of the city. The settlement was known as Hamwic, which evolved into Hamtun, archaeological excavations of this site have uncovered one of the best collections of Saxon artefacts in Europe. It is from this town that the county of Hampshire gets its name, viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century, and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established. Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Southampton became the port of transit between the then capital of England, Winchester, and Normandy. By the 13th century Southampton had become a port, particularly involved in the import of French wine in exchange for English cloth. The Franciscan friary in Southampton was founded circa 1233, the friars constructed a water supply system in 1290, which carried water from Conduit Head some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road, the friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310. The town was sacked in 1338 by French, Genoese and Monegasque ships, on visiting Southampton in 1339, Edward III ordered that walls be built to close the town
26.
R. Premadasa Stadium
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R. Premadasa International Cricket Stadium is a cricket stadium on Khettarama Road, Maligawatta, Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is the largest stadium in Sri Lanka with capacity of 35,000 spectators and it has capacity exceeding Lords Cricket Ground. It is nicknamed Home of Sri Lankan cricket and it was also the stadium where the highest Test score was scored. The stadium is the brainchild of the late Sri Lankan president Ranasinghe Premadasa, who championed the development of this 40, 000-seater concrete bowl, the inaugural One Day International was played on 9 March 1986, Sri Lanka v Pakistan. On 28 August 1992 it hosted its inaugural Test match between Sri Lanka and Australia, on 10 February 2009 it hosted inaugural T20i match between Sri Lanka & India as well as 1st T20i to be played in Sri Lanka. A new training center has been developed behind the stadium with 16 practice pitches and dormitories for the Sony Max Cricket Academy which started in 2003, the Premadasa Stadium underwent a reconstruction project in preparation for the 2011 Cricket World Cup. The stadium has been undergoing renovations since 2009. It has had its capacity increase from 14,000 to 40,000, the media-box accommodating 200 journalists. The renovations have cost Sri Lanka Cricket $8 million, in July 2010, a report filed by the ICC pitch consultant, Andy Atkinson, raised concerns over the condition of the outfield and the pitch claiming he was worried at the slow pace of progress. Although none of the buildings at the stadium were near completion, Sri Lanka Cricket defended choosing the stadium saying that the decision to stage a game was to allow cricketers to acclimatize themselves to the ground ahead of the World Cup games. The Test match was staged using temporary seating for spectators in a corner of the stadium as only players pavilions had permanent arrangements, since the press box was not completed reporters and commentators facing technical difficulties used a makeshift arrangement. The main four public stands were refurbished along with the dressing room area. A VIP car park is in the end of the ground. Pavilions A and B are fully equipped with seating in two tiers, lower and higher, several corporate boxes are built in these two stands. Pavilions C and D are built between the scoreboard in the stadium with a seating system. The lower tiers have concrete paving allocated for floor seating and the upper tier includes fully standard seating blocks, the grandstand and top level block above the player pavilions have enhanced quality seating. On 10 May 2011 Sri Lanka Cricket secretary Nishantha Ranatunga confirmed that first edition of 2011 Sri Lanka Premier Leagues matches would play at R Premadasa Stadium, the tournament was later postponed till 2012 due to financial complications and internal regime change at Sri Lanka Cricket. On 21 September 2011, it was announced that the stadium will host fifteen 2012 ICC World Twenty20 matches, including semi-finals, the highest Test total of all time was recorded at the R Premadasa Stadium is 952/6 declared by Sri Lanka against India in 1997
27.
ICC World Twenty20
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The ICC World Twenty20 is the international championship of Twenty20 cricket. All matches played are accorded Twenty20 International status, the event has generally been held every two years. Originally there was going to be a gap from the conclusion of the 2016 tournament to the next scheduled competition in Australia. However, in May 2016, the ICC put forward the idea of having a tournament in 2018, the ICC are scheudled to make a decision on the 2018 tournament in October 2016. Six tournaments have so far been played, and only the West Indies, the inaugural event, the 2007 World Twenty20, was staged in South Africa, and won by India, who defeated Pakistan in the final at the Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg. The 2009 tournament took place in England, and was won by the previous runner-up, Pakistan, the third tournament was held in 2010, hosted by the countries making up the West Indies cricket team. England defeated Australia in the final in Barbados, which was played at Kensington Oval, the fourth tournament, the 2012 World Twenty20, was held in Asia for the first time, with all matches played in Sri Lanka. The West Indies won the tournament by defeating Sri Lanka in the final, the fifth tournament, the 2014 ICC World Twenty20, was hosted by Bangladesh, and was won by Sri Lanka, who became the first team to play in three finals. West Indies are the current World T20I holders, beating England in the 2016 final, when the Benson & Hedges Cup ended in 2002, the ECB needed another one day competition to fill its place. Cricketing authorities were looking to boost the popularity with the younger generation in response to dwindling crowds. It was intended to deliver fast paced, exciting cricket accessible to thousands of fans who were put off by the versions of the game. Stuart Robertson, the manager of the ECB, proposed a 20 over per innings game to county chairmen in 2001. Regional tournaments The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup. The first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success, the West Indies regional teams competed in what was named the Stanford 20/20 tournament. The event was backed by convicted fraudster Allen Stanford, who gave at least US$28,000,000 funding money. It was intended that the tournament would be an annual event, guyana won the inaugural event, defeating Trinidad and Tobago by 5 wickets, securing US$1,000,000 in prize money. On 1 November, the Stanford Superstars played England in what was expected to be the first of five fixtures in as many years with the winner claiming a US$20,000,000 in each match. Twenty20 Internationals On 17 February 2005 Australia defeated New Zealand in the first mens full international Twenty20 match, played at Eden Park in Auckland
28.
2007 ICC World Twenty20
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The 2007 ICC World Twenty20 was the inaugural Twenty20 cricket world championship, contested in South Africa from 11 to 24 September 2007. Twelve teams took part in the thirteen-day tournament—the ten Test-playing nations, India won the tournament, beating Pakistan in the final. During the group stage and Super Eight, points were awarded to the teams as follows, In case of a tie and this was applicable in all stages of the tournament. The bowl-out was used to determine the result of one game in this tournament - the Group D game between India and Pakistan on 14 September. By finishing first and second in the 2007 WCL Division One, Kenya, the 12 participant teams were divided into four groups of three teams each. The groups were determined based on the rankings of the teams in Twenty20 as of 1 March 2007, the top two teams from each group went through to the second stage of the tournament. All times given are South African Standard Time Group A saw the exit of a seeded team when the West Indies were eliminated after losing both their matches. Their first loss came after Chris Gayles record 117 runs was not enough to prevent South Africa from winning, Group B started with World Champions Australia being defeated by Zimbabwe, Brendan Taylor scored 64 and saw the Africans home with one ball to spare. In the first match Kenya scored the lowest Twenty20 International total of 73 against New Zealand, kenyas fate was sealed when they allowed Sri Lanka to post a Twenty20 world record of 260 in the groups second match. Kenya were then bowled out for 88 and lost by a record 172 runs, India and Pakistan played in the first ever World Twenty20 bowl-out. This tournaments Super Eight format was designed such that the top 2 seeds from each group was pre-decided at the start of the tournament, the actual performance of the team in the Group Stage played no role in determining if the team qualified into Super Eight Group E or F. In case a team qualified ahead of the two top-seeded teams, it took on the seed of the eliminated team. This only happened in Group A, where Bangladesh qualified ahead of West Indies, the other seven top seeds qualified. The eight teams were divided into two groups of four teams each, the two top teams from each Super Eight group qualified for the semi-finals. India won the toss and chose to bat on what was considered to be a traditionally batsman-friendly pitch at the Bullring, umar Gul took the wickets of both Yuvraj Singh and Mahendra Singh Dhoni, leaving India with 157/5 in 20 overs, only Gautam Gambhir produced a notable innings. A 21-run over from Sreesanth swung the game towards Pakistan, however, Irfan Pathan and Joginder Sharma slowed the scoring dramatically. With Pakistan needing 54 from 24 balls, Misbah-ul-Haq hit 3 sixes off Harbhajan Singh in one over. Sreesanth was also dispatched for 2 sixes but took the wicket of Sohail Tanvir, as Pakistan went into the last over needing 13 runs to win, Joginder Sharma bowled a wide first ball, followed by a dot ball
29.
2014 ICC World Twenty20
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The 2014 ICC World Twenty20 was the fifth ICC World Twenty20 competition, an international Twenty20 cricket tournament, that took place in Bangladesh from 16 March to 6 April 2014. It was played in three cities — Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet, the International Cricket Council announced Bangladesh as host in 2010. It was the second time that an Asian country is hosting this event. Sri Lanka won the tournament, beating India by 6 wickets in the final at Mirpur, for the first time, the tournament featured 16 teams. All ten full members qualified automatically, joined by the six members that qualified through the 2013 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier. The qualifying teams are Ireland, Afghanistan, Netherlands and making their World Twenty20 debut the UAE, Nepal, the first round consisted of 8 teams and 2 teams moved to next round. Second round was the Super 10 stage which consisted of 2 groups of 5 teams each, the top eight Full Member nations in the ICC T20I Championship rankings as of 8 October 2012 automatically progressed to the Super 10 stage of 2014 ICC World Twenty20. The Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium in Dhaka, Zahur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium in Chittagong,16 warm-up matches were played between 12 and 19 March featuring all 16 teams. Advanced to Super 10 Advanced to Super 10 Advanced to Knockout stage, on 6 April 2013, ICC unveiled the logo of the tournament at a gala event in Dhaka. The overall look of the design is primarily inspired by the unique Bangladesh decoration art style. The logo uses the colours of the Bangladeshi flag with splashes of blue representing the countrys rivers, the logo is also inspired by the rickshaws. The T is made up of cricket stumps and the 0 in the T20 represents the cricket ball complete with a green seam, the official theme song for the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 Char Chokka Hoi Hoi was released on 20 February 2014. It was composed by Fuad al Muqtadir and sung by Dilshad Nahar Kona, Dilshad Karim Elita, Pantha Konai, Johan Alamgir, Sanvir Huda, Badhon Sarkar Puja and Kaushik Hossain Taposh. The song received widespread popularity among the Bangladeshi youth as well as the Bangladeshi diaspora abroad,2014 ICC Womens World Twenty20 ICC World Twenty20 - Official website ICC World T202014 coverage on Wisden India ICC World T202014 coverage on ESPNCricinfo
30.
Cricket clothing and equipment
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Cricket clothing and equipment is regulated by the Laws of Cricket. Cricket clothing, known as whites, or flannels, is slightly loose fitting so as not to restrict players movements. Use of protective equipment, such as helmets, gloves and pads, is also regulated, collared shirt with short or long sleeves depending on the climate or personal preference. Jockstrap with cup pocket into which a box, or protective cup, is inserted, abdominal guard or box or an L Guard for male batsmen and wicket-keepers. It is usually constructed from high density plastic with a edge, shaped like a hollow half-pear. This is used to protect the genitals against impact from the ball, sun hats, cricket cap or baseball cap Spiked shoes to increase traction Helmet, worn by batsmen and fielders close to the batsman on strike to protect their heads. Leg pads, worn by the two batsmen and the wicket-keeper, used to protect the shin bone against impact from the ball, the wicket-keeping pads are slightly different from the batsmens. Fielders that are fielding in close to the batsmen may wear shin guards as well, thigh guard, arm guards, chest guard, and elbow guards to protect the body of the batsmen. Gloves for batsmen only, thickly padded above the fingers and on the thumb of the hand, usually includes webbing between the thumb and index fingers. Safety glasses, for wicket-keepers, to prevent damage to the eyes from dislodged bails impacting between the grill and peak of the helmet, batsmen are allowed to wear gloves while batting. The batsman can be caught out if the ball touches the glove instead of the bat. This is because the glove is considered to be the extension of the bat, the batsman may also wear protective helmets usually with a visor to protect themselves. Helmets are usually employed when facing fast bowlers, while playing spinners, it might not be employed. Fielders cannot use gloves to field the ball, if they wilfully use any part of their clothing to field the ball they may be penalised 5 penalty runs to the opposition. If the fielders are fielding close to the batsman, they are allowed to use helmets, as the wicket-keeper is positioned directly behind the batsman, and therefore has the ball bowled directly at him, he is the only fielder allowed to wear gloves and leg guards. Ball – A red, white or pink ball with a cork base, the ball should have a circumference of 9.1 in unless it is a childrens size. Bat – A wooden bat is used, the wood used is from the Kashmir or English willow tree. The bat cannot be more than 38 inches long and 4.25 inches wide, the bat has a long handle and one side has a smooth face
31.
Sri Lanka
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Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia near south-east India. Sri Lanka has maritime borders with India to the northwest and the Maldives to the southwest, Sri Lankas documented history spans 3,000 years, with evidence of pre-historic human settlements dating back to at least 125,000 years. Its geographic location and deep harbours made it of strategic importance from the time of the ancient Silk Road through to World War II. Sri Lanka was known from the beginning of British colonial rule until 1972 as Ceylon, Sri Lankas recent history has been marred by a thirty-year civil war which decisively ended when the Sri Lankan military defeated the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in 2009. A diverse and multicultural country, Sri Lanka is home to many religions, ethnic groups, in addition to the majority Sinhalese, it is home to large groups of Sri Lankan and Indian Tamils, Moors, Burghers, Malays, Kaffirs and the aboriginal Vedda. Sri Lanka has a rich Buddhist heritage, and the first known Buddhist writings of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka is a republic and a unitary state governed by a semi-presidential system. The legislative capital, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, is a suburb of the capital and largest city. Along with the Maldives, Sri Lanka is one of the two countries in South Asia that are rated among high human development on the Human Development Index. In antiquity, Sri Lanka was known to travellers by a variety of names, according to the Mahavamsa, the legendary Prince Vijaya named the land Tambapanni, because his followers hands were reddened by the red soil of the area. In Hindu mythology, such as the Mahabharata, the island was referred to as Lankā, in Tamil, the island is referred to as Eelam. Ancient Greek geographers called it Taprobanā or Taprobanē from the word Tambapanni, as a British crown colony, the island was known as Ceylon, it achieved independence as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948. The country is known in Sinhalese as Śrī Laṃkā and in Tamil as Ilaṅkai, in 1972, its formal name was changed to Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka. Later in 1978 it was changed to the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, as the name Ceylon still appears in the names of a number of organisations, the Sri Lankan government announced in 2011 a plan to rename all those over which it has authority. The pre-history of Sri Lanka goes back 125,000 years, the era spans the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and early Iron Ages. Among the Paleolithic human settlements discovered in Sri Lanka, Pahiyangala and it is said that Kubera was overthrown by his demon stepbrother Ravana, the powerful emperor who built a mythical flying machine named Dandu Monara. The modern city of Wariyapola is described as Ravanas airport, early inhabitants of Sri Lanka were probably ancestors of the Vedda people, an indigenous people numbering approximately 2,500 living in modern-day Sri Lanka. According to the Mahāvamsa, a written in Pāḷi, the original inhabitants of Sri Lanka are the Yakshas and Nagas. Ancient cemeteries that were used before 600BC and other signs of advanced civilization has also discovered in Sri Lanka
32.
2007 Cricket World Cup
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The 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup was the 9th edition of the Cricket World Cup tournament that took place in the West Indies from 13 March to 28 April 2007, using the sports One Day International format. There were a total of 51 matches played, three fewer than at the 2003 World Cup, the 16 competing teams were initially divided into four groups, with the two best-performing teams from each group moving on to a Super 8 format. Australias unbeaten record in the tournament increased their total to 29 consecutive World Cup matches without loss, following the tournament the ICC distributed surplus tournament revenues of US$239 million to its members. The World Cup was awarded to the West Indies via the International Cricket Councils rotational policy. It is the first time the ICC Cricket World Cup has been held in the Caribbean despite the fact that the West Indies cricket team have been the second most successful team in past World Cups. The United States contingent lobbied strongly for matches to be staged at its newly built ground in Lauderhill, Florida. Bids from Bermuda, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, eight venues across the West Indies were selected to host the World Cup tournament. All host countries hosted six matches with the exceptions of St Lucia, Jamaica, the Jamaican government spent US$81 million for on the pitch expenses. This included refurbishing Sabina Park and constructing the new facility in Trelawny – through a loan from China. Another US$20 million is budgeted for off-the-pitch expenses, putting the tally at more than US$100 million or JM$7 billion and this put the reconstruction cost of Sabina Park at US$46 million whilst the Trelawny Stadium will cost US$35 million. The total amount of money spent on stadiums was at least US$301 million, the Brian Lara Stadium, in Trinidad, lost its status as a pre-tournament warm-up match venue on 21 September 2006. The field of 16 teams, the largest ever for the Cricket World Cup and this includes the ten full members of the ICC. The other six ODI nations are Kenya and five teams which qualified via the 2005 ICC Trophy. These nations included Canada, Scotland, Netherlands and - making their World Cup debuts - Ireland, there were 16 teams in the 2007 Cricket World Cup. The teams were asked to announce their final squads by 13 February 2007, changes were allowed after this deadline at the discretion of the ICCs Technical Committee in necessary cases, such as due to player injury. The World Cup has grown as an event with each tournament. The sponsorship and television rights that were awarded primarily to cover the 2003 and 2007 World Cups raised over US$550 Million, the 2007 Cricket World Cup featured an orange, anthropomorphic raccoon-like creature named Mello as its mascot. It has been announced during matches that Mello has no race, species, age or gender- it is an attitude, the official song for the World Cup was The Game of Love and Unity by Jamaican-born Shaggy, Bajan entertainer Rupee and Trinidadian Fay-Ann Lyons
33.
2011 Cricket World Cup
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The 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup was the tenth Cricket World Cup. It was played in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh, India won the tournament, defeating Sri Lanka by 6 wickets in the final in Mumbai, thus becoming the first country to win the Cricket World Cup final on home soil. Indias Yuvraj Singh was declared the man of the tournament and this was the first time in World Cup history that two Asian teams had appeared in the final. It was also the first time since the 1992 World Cup that the match did not feature Australia. All the matches were One Day Internationals, and all were played over 50 overs, fourteen national cricket teams took part, including 10 full members and four associate members of the ICC. The opening ceremony was held on 17 February 2011 at Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka, the first match was played between India and Bangladesh at the Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium in Mirpur, Dhaka. Pakistan was to have held 14 matches, including one semi-final, eight of the games were awarded to India, four to Sri Lanka, and two to Bangladesh. The ICC announced on 30 April 2006 which countries would host the 2011 World Cup, Australia and New Zealand had also bid for the tournament, if successful, they would have shared the hosting equally, leaving the location of the final still to be decided. The Trans–Tasman bid, Beyond Boundaries, was the one delivered to the ICC headquarters in Dubai before the 1 March deadline. The extra time needed for the Asian bid had weakened its prospects, the Pakistani newspaper Dawn reported that the Asian countries had promised to hold fund-raising events for West Indian cricket during the 2007 World Cup, which may have influenced the vote. Late in 2007, the four host nations agreed on a format for the 2011 World Cup, identical to that of the 1996 World Cup. The first round of the tournament would consist of two groups of seven teams, each team in a group would play all the others once, and the top four from each group would qualify for the quarter-finals. This ensured that every team would play at least six matches, as per ICC regulations, all 10 full members automatically qualify for the World Cup, including Zimbabwe who have given up their Test playing status until the standard of their team improves. The ICC also organised a tournament in South Africa to determine which Associate teams would participate in 2011 event. Ireland, who had been the best performing Associate nation since the last World Cup, won the tournament, the Netherlands and Kenya also qualified by virtue of finishing third and fourth respectively. All 4 associates kept their ODI status as well as Scotland who this time failed to qualify for the World Cup, the following 14 teams qualified for the final tournament. The PCB estimated that this would lose them $10.5 million and this figure took account only of the fees of $750,000 per match guaranteed by the ICC. The overall loss to the PCB and the Pakistani economy were expected to be much greater, on 9 April 2009 PCB chairman Ijaz Butt revealed that they had issued a legal notice to oppose ICCs decision
34.
Sanath Jayasuriya
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Deshabandu Sanath Teran Jayasuriya is a former Sri Lankan cricketer and a former captain of the Sri Lankan national cricket team. Considered as one of the greatest ODI players of all time, Jayasuriya is well known for his powerful striking, Jayasuriya was also the captain of the Sri Lankan cricket team from 1999 to 2003. He retired from Test cricket in December 2007 and from limited overs cricket in June 2011, on 28 January 2013, Sri Lanka Cricket appointed him as the chairman of cricket selection committee. Sri Lanka won the ICC World Twenty20 for the first time in 2014, Jayasuriya ran for public office at the 2010 Sri Lankan general elections and was elected to the parliament from his native Matara District. He topped the UPFA parliamentary election list for Matara district by obtaining 74,352 preferential votes, Jayasuriya did not contest for the 2015 Sri Lankan general election, though he won most votes from Matara district under UPFA in the 2010 Sri Lankan general election. Sanath Jayasuriya was born in the Southern Sri Lankan city of Matara, to the family of Dunstan and he has an elder brother, Chandana Jayasuriya. He was educated at St. Servatius College, Matara, where his talents were nourished by his school principal, G. L. Galappathy. He excelled in cricket while at St. Servatius College, Matara, Jayasuriya was picked as the Observer Schoolboy Cricketer of the Year in the Outstation Segment in 1988. He also received the awards for the Best Batsman and Best All-rounder in the Outstation Segment at the Observer School Cricket Awards ceremony in the same year, shortly afterwards he was drafted into the national side for the tour to Australia in 1989–90. He made his One Day International debut against Australia at Melbourne on Boxing Day of 1989 and their new gameplan is now the standard opening batting strategy in limited overs cricket for the modern era. Jayasuriya is known for both cuts and pulls along with his shot, a lofted cut over point. He was one of the key players in Sri Lankas victory in the 1996 Cricket World Cup and his philosophy towards batting is summarized by an all-aggression approach and over the years he has dominated almost every one day bowling combination that he has faced at one stage or another. His devastating performances have ensured that Sri Lanka have won almost 80% of the matches that he scored over 50 runs in limited overs cricket. When asked in an interview who are the most challenging bowlers he had faced in the game, he named in the order Wasim Akram, Shane Warne, Glenn McGrath, Courtney Walsh, Jayasuriya is a spin bowler known for quickly getting through his overs. Sanath Jayasuriya held the record for the highest Test score made by a Sri Lankan,340 against India in 1997 and this effort was part of a second-wicket partnership with Roshan Mahanama that set the then all-time record for any partnership in Test history, with 576 runs. Both records were surpassed in July 2006 when fellow Sri Lankan Mahela Jayawardene scored 374 as part of a 624-run partnership with Kumar Sangakkara against South Africa. On 20 September 2005, during the Second Test of the series against Bangladesh, Jayasuriya became the first Sri Lankan to play 100 Tests. Jayasuriya announced his intention to retire from Test cricket following the Pakistan tour of Sri Lanka in April 2006 and he reversed his decision soon after, however, joining the Sri Lankan cricket team in England in May 2006
35.
Aravinda de Silva
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Deshabandu Pinnaduwage Aravinda de Silva is a former Sri Lankan cricketer and former captain. To date, Aravinda is the player to make a hundred. De Silva had his education at Isipathana College, Colombo before attending D. S. Senanayake College. A successful season playing cricket for the English county Kent in 1995 marked a turning point in his career. The season proved to be a mix of disappointment and success for Kent and their form in the 40-overs National Cricket League was much better, and they finished on top of the league table with 12 wins, four losses and one abandoned match. In addition, Kent reached the final of Benson & Hedges Cup, personally for de Silva, the time spent with Kent marked the turning point in his career. He was also called to perform as fifth or sixth bowler. De Silva did not play in Kents two last County Championship matches having left to join the Sri Lankan squad on their tour of Pakistan, on 28 July 2007 he made a one-off appearance for a friend for Dorset county league side Sherborne. He made his Test match debut in 1984 at Lords against England, during the early part of his career he was known as a dashing but inconsistent batsman – he was given the nickname Mad Max for his tendency to get out to rash shots. He later commented on his batting style, Thats my natural game – I dont want to change because I feel confident playing that way. If someone is capable of dominating the bowling, they should do it and its the way Ive been playing since I was a youngster. De Silva was instrumental in Sri Lankas triumph in the 1996 Cricket World Cup where his unbeaten century and his other notable achievements include scoring a century in each innings of a Test match on two separate occasions. One of these doubles was 138 and 105, both unbeaten, against Pakistan at Colombos Sinhalese Sports Club in April 1997 and this made him the first, and so far only, player to score two not out centuries in the same Test match. As he had scored 168 in the innings of the previous Test. He finished the year with 1,220 runs at 76.25, Sri Lanka had embarrassingly lost a first-class match against Pakistan Cricket Board Patrons XI and the following first Test against Pakistan both by an innings. Sri Lanka went on to win the third Test and clinch the Test series against Pakistan 2–1.80, in the final Sri Lanka proved victorious by 50 runs. De Silva ended up with a modest 117 runs at an average of 29.25 in five matches.33, in the third test he acted as captain after the regular captain Arjuna Ranatunga pulled out due to finger injury. Concurrently with the Test series Sri Lanka also participated in three-nation ODI series with Australia, in the seventh match of the tournament against West Indies Muralitharan was again called for throwing and did not play again in the ODI series
36.
Mahela Jayawardene
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Denagamage Praboth Mahela de Silva Jayawardene, known as Mahela Jayawardene, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer and captain of the Sri Lankan cricket team. He is regarded as one of the greats of batsmanship. Jayawardenes highest test score,374 against South Africa is the highest test score by a right handed batsman in the history of test cricket and it is also regarded as the highest absolutely chance-less innings by a batsman in test cricket history. Jayawardene made his Test cricket debut in 1997 and his One Day International debut the following season, in 2006 he made the highest ever score by a Sri Lankan in Test cricket, scoring 374 in the second Test of Sri Lankas home series against South Africa. He has a test cricket average of over 50 and a One Day average in the 30s and he is the first player in the history of Sri Lankan cricket to score over 10,000 Test runs. Despite his relatively low ODI average, Jayawardene is considered to be one of the best batsmen produced by Sri Lanka. He is one of only four Sri Lankans—the others being Sanath Jayasuriya, Kumar Sangakkara and he scored 56 runs at that match, where his counterpart scored 221 runs. In 2006, Jayawardene was named by the International Cricket Council as the best international captain of the year and was nominated in 2007 as the best Test cricket player of the year. Statistics also reveal that c Jayawardene b Muralitharan is the most common combination in the history of Test cricket. Jayawardene also worked as an international TV commentator in the first test at Headingley on 19 May 2016 between England and Sri Lanka, Jayawardene was educated at one of the most prestigious schools of Sri Lanka, Nalanda College Colombo. At an early age Mahelas father, Senerath Jayawardene, introduced him to the Lionel Coaching Clinic run by Nondescripts Cricket Club in Cinnamon Gardens and it was there that he learned to play cricket. Jayawardene captained Nalanda College Colombo first XI cricket team in 1994 and he developed his talents through the school cricket team, eventually becoming captain. He was runner-up for the best schoolboy cricketer award during the 1994 cricketing season, domestically he has played for Sinhalese Sports Club since 1995. He was signed to play as a player for Derbyshire for the first half of the 2008 English cricket season. However, his commitments to Sri Lanka and involvement in the Indian Premier League prevented him from playing any part in the 2008 county season, Mahela Jayawardene is the 69th Sri Lanka Test Cap, having made his debut against India at Colombo in 1997. Jayawardene made his Test debut in the record breaking Test in 1997 against India at R. P. S, Jayawardene added 66 to Sri Lankas first innings score of 952/6, the highest Test score ever. He was at the crease when the previous highest Test score was surpassed, early in his career he scored 167 against New Zealand and 242 against India. Jayawardenes One Day International debut was against Zimbabwe at Premadasa in January 1998, Sri Lanka won the match, with Jayawardene hitting the winning run
37.
Kumar Sangakkara
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Kumar “Sanga Chokshanada Sangakkara is a former Sri Lankan cricketer and captain of the Sri Lankan national team. Widely regarded as one of the worlds most influential cricketers, Sangakkara rated as the Greatest ODI batsman of all time in a recent public poll. Sangakkara has forged many formidable partnerships with long time team mate and friend, Mahela Jayawardene, Sangakkara scored 28,016 runs in international cricket across all formats in an career that spanned just 15 years. A left-handed top-order batsman, he is also a record-breaking wicket-keeper, currently, he is the second-highest run-scorer in ODI cricket and the fifth-highest run scorer in Test cricket. Sangakkara is described as one of the most polished and prudent of batsmen in cricket and he has dominated the number one spot in the ICC Test batting rankings between 2005 and 2015. On 12 August 2015, Sangakkara was placed at number 5 in the ICC Test rankings and he won the Man of the Match award in the final of the 2014 ICC World Twenty20, where he helped the team win their first title. In terms of a number of required, Sangakkara is the fastest batsman to reach 8,000,9,000,11,000 and 12,000 runs in Test cricket. He is also joint fastest to 10,000 and he won the ICC Cricketer of the Year in 2012, Test Cricketer of the Year in 2012, and ODI Cricketer of the Year multiple times in 2011 and 2013. He has also won the LG Peoples Choice Award twice, in 2011 and 2012, Sangakkara has regularly featured in the World Test XI and World ODI XI, appearing six times and three times in them, respectively. He was selected as Leading Cricketer in the World in the 2015 edition of Wisden and he was named the Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World in 2011 and 2015. He is one of two players to have won this twice, along with Indian opener Virender Sehwag, who won the award in 2008 and 2009. On 29 January 2015, Sangakkara became Sri Lankas highest ever ODI run scorer, in the same match, he also broke the record for ODI wicketkeeping dismissals, breaking the previous record of 472 held by Adam Gilchrist. On 26 February 2017, against Australia Amy Satterthwaite became the first player in Women ODI, Sangakkara born to Kumari Surangana and Swarnakumara Sangakkara, an attorney-at-law at Matale, Sri Lanka in 1977. His parents settled in Kandy, where he spent his childhood, Sangakkara received his primary and secondary education at Trinity College, Kandy, an independent elite private boys school situated in the central highlands of Sri Lanka. He has two sisters, Thushari and Saranga, and a brother, Vemindra, all who have made national-level achievements during their schooling. Sangakkara also began to play a number of sports, badminton, tennis, swimming, table tennis and he was able to win national colors for badminton and tennis at a young age. The then principal of the Trinity College, Leonard de Alwis and his parents hid Tamil families during the Black July riots in 1983. He represented his schools under-13 cricket XI under coach Upananda Jayasundera, berty Wijesinghe coached Sangakkara for under-15, under-17, under-19 and first XI squads
38.
Tillakaratne Dilshan
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Tillakaratne Mudiyanselage Dilshan, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer and a former captain of the Sri Lanka national cricket team. He is popularly known as Tillakaratne Dilshan, often regarded as one of the most innovative batsmen of all time, and a legend in modern limited over cricket history, Dilshan is one such rare cricketer who can bat, bowl, field and keep wickets. He is an aggressive batsman who invented the scoop, which has come to be known as the dilscoop. An opening batsman, he is also a capable off-break bowler, a livewire in the field, he usually fields at the point region. Dilshan made his Test and ODI debut during the Sri Lankan cricket teams tour to Zimbabwe in 1999 and he is also the second cap for Sri Lanka in Twenty20 Internationals. He is the first cricketer in the history of the game to score hundreds in all formats as a captain. Dilshan won the Twenty20 International Performance of the Year award at the 2009 ICC Awards for his 96 off 57 balls against West Indies in the semi-final of the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 in England. He also won man of the trophy for his individual batting performances in the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 tournament. He is the fourth Sri Lankan and eleventh overall to score 10,000 ODI runs. Being the third overall and first Sri Lankan to score 1,500 runs in Twenty20 Internationals, Dilshan scored 1000 or more ODI runs in a calendar year four times and never failed to amass fewer than 800 runs in any calendar year between 2009 and 2015. Dilshan was under-estimated in cricket world as a player when he batted at number 6 and 7, unlike his revered teammates Mahela Jayawardene. When he gained the opening batting position, Dilshan became one of the finest cricketers in the world and his quick progression can be seen in his stats, after he moved to the opening position, he scored 21 ODI centuries and all his Test and T20I centuries. In August 2016 Dilshan announced that he would retire from both ODI and T20I cricket at the end of the series against Australia and he retired from ODI cricket on 28 August 2016 and from T20I cricket on 9 September 2016. Dilshan born on 14 October 1976 in Kalutara to a family of a Malay father and he had his first education at Jaffna Sinhala Madya Maha Vidyalaya in Jaffna for few years, and then at the Kalutara Vidyalaya, where he started his cricket career as a teenager. Dilshan converted from Islam to Buddhism at the age of 16. Dilshan was married to Nilanka Vithanage, and they have one boy- Resadu Tillakaratne, after divorcing Dilshan, Nilanka filed a case for giving monthly payments for the childs future, against Dilshan. He was issued with a notice to appear in court after 2011 Cricket World Cup, the case was later settled with Dilshan to pay about 200,000 LKR each month for his ex-wife and his son. Dilshan is now married to Sri Lankan teledrama actress Manjula Thilini and their marriage was celebrated in India during the 2008 IPL series
39.
Muttiah Muralitharan
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Deshabandu Muttiah Muralitharan is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who was rated the greatest Test match bowler ever by Wisden Cricketers Almanack in 2002. He retired from Test cricket in 2010, registering his 800th, Muralitharan holds the world record for the most wickets in both test and one-day cricket. Muralitharan took the wicket of Gautam Gambhir on 5 February 2009 in Colombo to surpass Wasim Akrams ODI record of 502 wickets and he became the highest wicket-taker in Test cricket when he overtook the previous record-holder Shane Warne on 3 December 2007. Muralitharan had previously held the record when he surpassed Courtney Walshs 519 wickets in 2004, averaging over six wickets per Test, Muralitharan is one of the most successful bowlers in the game. Muralitharan held the one spot in the International Cricket Council’s player rankings for Test bowlers for a record period of 1,711 days spanning 214 Test matches. Muralitharans career was beset by controversy over his action for much of his international career. Due to an unusual hyperextension of his congenitally bent arm during delivery, his action was called into question on a number of occasions by umpires. After biomechanical analysis under simulated playing conditions, Muralitharans action was cleared by the International Cricket Council, first in 1996, Muralitharan had not commenced bowling the doosra at this time. The legality of his doosra was first called into question in 2004 and this delivery was found to exceed the ICC elbow extension limit by nine degrees, five degrees being the limit for spinners at that time. The new limit of 15-degrees, one greater than Muralitharan was bowling his doosra. In February 2009, after becoming crickets highest wicket-taker in both forms of the game Muttiah Muralitharan hinted that he might retire at the conclusion of the 2011 World Cup. He stated I think I am fit in my body and mind, I am enjoying my cricket, but after the next World Cup, I will have nothing left to achieve in the game. The World Cup should mark the end of my career, Muralitharan announced his retirement from Test cricket after the first Test against India at Galle which commenced on 18 July 2010. During that match he captured 8 wickets and became the first to reach the milestone of taking 800 Test wickets by dismissing Pragyan Ojha. He was the international franchise player signed to the Caribbean Premier League. Muralitharan was born 17 April 1972 to a Hill Country Tamil family in Kandy, the eldest of the four sons to Sinnasamy Muttiah and Lakshmi. Muralitharans father Sinnasamy Muttiah, runs a successful biscuit-making business, Muralitharans paternal grandfather Periyasamy Sinasamy came from South India to work in the tea plantations of central Sri Lanka in 1920. Sinasamy later returned to the country of his birth with his daughters and settled in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, however, his sons, including Muralitharans father Muttiah, remained in Sri Lanka
40.
Chaminda Vaas
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Warnakulasuriya Patabendige Ushantha Joseph Chaminda Vaas, more widely known as Chaminda Vaas, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer, who played all forms of the game. In 2004 he gained recognition when he was selected for the World Test. He was once selected for the World Test XI at the 2005 awards. Over a fifteen-year international career relatively free of injury, he has set a number of national and international records in wicket hauls, as of 11 October 2016, only 3 bowlers have taken more ODI wickets than Vaas. He is the youngest bowler to take 300 wickets in ODI cricket, nearly 4 years after his first-class debut, after just 13 matches, Vaas made his Test debut for the Sri Lankan cricket team against Pakistan at Kandy in August 1994. In the second test at Dunedin, only his sixth Test, in 2001–02, he took 26 wickets in a series win against the West Indies at home. This included one match-haul of 14 wickets in the third test, at the 2003 Cricket World Cup, held in South Africa, Vaas picked up 23 wickets, becoming the leading wicket taker in the tournament. This included a best of 6–25 against Bangladesh, where Vaas also took a hat-trick with the first three deliveries of the Bangladesh innings and it is the first time in Test or one-day history that a bowler has taken a hat-trick with the first three balls of a game. He had the opportunity to captain Sri Lankan ODI team in 2006. Vaas scored a century not out in the second innings. Although losing the second test, Sri Lanka won the third test, on 26 June 2007 at Colombo, he made his maiden test century against Bangladesh when he scored 100 not out in a total of 577–6 declared. This occurred in his 97th Test Match, which at the time was a record for the most number of Tests before scoring a maiden century. Soon after in November 2007, Vaas played his 100th Test match against England, in what was also Sanath Jayasuriyas final Test match for Sri Lanka. During the historic 2007–08 tour of the West Indies, Sri Lankas first ever Test win on Caribbean soil and he notably dismissed all-rounder Chris Gayle for a record seventh time in as many tests, bowling him out for a duck during the first test. On 27 August 2008, Vaas bowled Yuvraj Singh for a duck in his final ODI match and he joined Wasim Akram, Waqar Younis and his team mate Muttiah Muralitharan as only the fourth bowler in international cricket to have taken 400 ODI wickets. He retired from Test Cricket after the 3rd Test against Pakistan in July 2009, Vaas joined Colts Cricket Club after leaving school and made his first class debut against Galle Cricket Club in December 1990 aged 16. He joined Middlesex County Cricket Club for the 2007 cricket season as an Overseas registration, in 2008, he signed with the Indian Premier League side Deccan Chargers on a contract worth $200,000. He played 4 matches for the Deccan Chargers team and picked 4 wickets at an average of 26.61 with a rate of 1.4
41.
Lasith Malinga
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Separamadu Lasith Malinga is a professional Sri Lankan cricketer and 2014 ICC World Twenty20 winning captain. He was the captain of Twenty20 International side for Sri Lanka, until 7 March 2016, on 22 April 2011, he announced his retirement from Test cricket. He bowls around a speed of 140 km/h and his fastest ball was clocked at 155.7 km/h in 2011, which is still tied for the 4th fastest speed amongst active bowlers as of 3 January 2015. Malinga is known for his ability to bowl yorkers and slower bowls to restrict scoring in the overs of games. He is the second highest wicket taker in all Twenty20 cricket just after Dwayne Bravo, Malinga grew up in modest circumstances in Rathgama, a coastal village situated 12 km northwest of Galle. He often played cricket with friends on the banks and coconut groves by a river in his cricket-obsessed village. He had his education at three schools, namely Mahinda College, Galle, Vidyaloka College, Galle and Vidyathilake Vidyalaya, Malinga had his primary education at Vidyathilake Vidyalaya in Thiranagama, a school situated near by his village. After passing the grade 5 Scholarship Examination in 1993, he entered Vidyaloka College, Galle for his secondary education, here Malinga was discovered by former Sri Lankan paceman Champaka Ramanayake. Champaka, so impressed by Malingas raw ability, invited him to join the Galle Cricket Club, Champaka also helped him to join the first XI cricket team of Mahinda College, Galle. A short-lived attempt to make Malingas action more upright led to much reduced pace, Malinga promptly returned to his natural action with success, and with great encouragement from Ramanayake. Malingas action has attracted great comment, the cricket reference text Wisden has noted that Malingas delivery action is similar to slinging. Resulting to his nickname Slinga Malinga, Malinga has said that his unique round-arm bowling action was a result of learning to play cricket exclusively with a tennis ball. Typically, younger bowlers are encouraged to deliver the ball with their arm near vertical to remove or reduce direction variables, Malinga made his Test debut on 1 July 2004 against Australia at Marrara Oval In Darwin. He developed into Sri Lankas fastest Test bowler and a member of both their Test and One Day International sides. He has earned a reputation for troubling batsmen with his lively pace and he regularly bowls at speeds between 140 and 150 km/h and sometimes slightly faster. As time went by he started to lose pace clocking around 130 to 140 km/h and his slower off cutter was also menacing. He burst onto the test scene after ripping through the New Zealand top order and he announced his retirement from Test cricket on 22 April 2011 in order to prolong his career in ODI and T20 cricket. Malinga made his ODI debut in Sri Lankas opening match of the 2004 Asia Cup against the United Arab Emirates, easily winning the match by 116 runs, Malinga took the wicket of the Emirati captain, Khurram Khan to the finish the match with figures of 1/39
42.
Ajantha Mendis
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Balapuwaduge Ajantha Winslo Mendis known as Ajantha Mendis is a professional Sri Lankan cricketer who plays for ODIs, Tests and T20Is for Sri Lankan national cricket team. He is known as the mystery spinner due to the bowling action. As a batsman he has proven to be a useful tailender, Mendis made his One Day International debut against the West Indies at Port of Spain in 2008 and took 3 for 39. He also plays for the Kolkata Knight Riders in the Indian Premier League and his first Test Match was against India at Colombo on 23 July 2008 in which he returned match figures of 8–132, thereby becoming the first Sri Lankan bowler to get an eight-wicket haul on Test debut. Mendis won the Emerging Player of the Year award at the LG ICC Awards ceremony held in Dubai in September 2008, Mendis was among seven Sri Lankan cricketers who were injured in the attack, which killed five policemen who guarded the bus. On 26 October 2012 Ajantha Mendis received the Sri Lankan order of Bantu, born on 11 March 1985, Mendis hails from a hamlet in Moratuwa. He is the child in a family of five with an elder brother. He has had his education at St Anthonys College at Kadalana in his village where there were no facilities at all for sports. He subsequently entered Moratuwa Maha Vidyalaya in the year of 2000, during a cricket coaching class, Mendis talents were initially identified by the school coach named Mr Lucky Rogers back in the year 1998 when he was just 13 years of age. In the year 2000 he represented the school under 15 cricket team and he also deputised for the school team captain. This slow medium bowler with a variation of leg spin was adjudged the Best Bowler at the big-matches twice in 2001 and 2002, Sri Lanka Artillery Cricket Committee noticed his talents when he played a cricket match against the Army under 23 Division 11 during 2003/2004 tournaments. He enlisted, partly due to the reason that his father, following basic training he played for the army team and saw active military service as a Gunner in the Sri Lanka Artillery, a regiment of the Sri Lanka Army. Following the Asia Cup final, he has promoted to the rank of Sergeant on 7 July 2008. Mendis has represented the Army in 23 limited over matches and 59 two/three-day matches, Mendis bowls off spin as his stock delivery and he has few more variations in his armoury- leg spin, top spin and faster bowl. All this was developed during 2006/2007 domestic seasons on his own and he also extended his purple patch in the domestic season 2007/2008 under 23 division 1 tournament and was later selected to the pool of Academy Squad organised by Sri Lanka Cricket. There he was able to polish his skills further. He had the opportunity of touring neighbouring India on a tour in June 2007 where he was given the opportunity to play two, two-day matches. In that tournament he performed well with the ball
43.
ICC Champions Trophy
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The ICC Champions Trophy is a One Day International cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council, second in importance only to the Cricket World Cup. It was inaugurated as the ICC Knock Out Tournament in 1998 and has been played every two years since. Its name was changed to the Champions Trophy in 2002, the number of teams competing has varied over the years, originally all the ICCs full members took part, and from 2000 to 2004 associate members were also involved. Since 2009, the tournament has involved the eight highest-ranked ODI teams as of six months prior to the tournament. In the lead-in to the 2013 tournament, the ICC announced that the 2013 Champions Trophy was to be the last, with its place in the cricketing calendar to be taken by a new ICC World Test Championship. However, in January 2014, that decision was reversed, with the ICC confirming that the 2017 Champions Trophy tournament would take place and the proposed Test Championship was cancelled. For 2002 and 2004, twelve teams played a tournament in four pools of three, with the top team in each pool moving forward to the semi-final. A team would play four games to win the tournament. In 2006, eight teams played in two pools of four, with the top two teams in each pool playing in the semi-finals, losing even a single match would potentially mean elimination from the tournament. The format used in the Knock Out tournaments differed from the used in the Champions Trophy. The competition was a knock out, with no pools. Only 8 games were played in 1998, and 10 games in 2000, Australia is the only nation to have won consecutive titles. Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, England and Pakistan are only Test playing nations who are yet to win the Champions Trophy, England has reached the final two times and Pakistan reached the semi-finals three times. Sri Lanka as a host of the ICC Champions Trophy 2002 was the first and only host till now to win the tournament, England is the only other host to have made the finals, in. Bangladesh are the only host who do not take part in the tournament while hosting it, Kenya in 2000, India in 2006, and South Africa in 2009 have been the host teams that were eliminated in the first round. India and Sri Lanka were declared co-champions in 2002, the table below provides an overview of the performances of teams over past ICC Champions Trophy, as of the end of the ICC Champions Trophy 2013. Teams are sorted by best performance, then by appearances, total number of wins, total number of games, ∗ India and Sri Lanka were declared joint winners in 2002. The Win percentage excludes matches with no result and counts ties as half a win, won by South Africa All of the matches in the 1998 tournament were played in Bangladesh at Bangabandhu National Stadium
44.
2002 ICC Champions Trophy
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The 2002 ICC Champions Trophy was a cricket tournament that was held in Sri Lanka in 2002. It was the edition of the ICC Champions Trophy – the first two having been known as the ICC Knock Out Tournaments. The tournament was due to be held in India, but was switched to Sri Lanka when an exemption from tax in India was not granted, fifteen matches were to be played in the tournament including two semi-finals and a final match. All the matches were played in Colombo at two grounds, R. Premadasa Stadium and Sinhalese Sports Club Ground and it was the first time that the teams of all International Cricket Council member nations visited Sri Lanka to participate in a cricket tournament. Twelve teams competed, the 10 Test-playing nations plus Kenya who has full One Day International status, the teams were split into four pools of three teams each. Each team played the two teams in its pool once, and the four teams that lead in each pool proceeded to the Semi Finals. Australia lost to Sri Lanka in the first semi-final whereas India defeated South Africa in the semi final. The Final between India and Sri Lanka was washed out twice, to no result. Virender Sehwag was the highest run-scorer of the tournament and Muttiah Muralitharan was the highest wicket-taker. The total prize money for the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy was $1.15 million, and in addition, the 12 teams—10 Test playing nations plus Kenya and Netherlands)—were divided into four pools of three teams each, with every team playing two matches. Australia, Bangladesh and New Zealand were placed in Pool 1 whereas England, India, Kenya, South Africa and West Indies were put together in Pool 3, and Netherlands, Pakistan and Sri Lanka played each other in Pool 4. The semi finals were played between the winners of Pool 2 and the winners of Pool 3, and Pool 1, source Australia, India, South Africa and Sri Lanka topped their respective Pools by winning their Pool matches, and qualified into the semi-finals. Australia faced Sri Lanka in the first semi-final while in the second semi-final India played South Africa, points per win,4 The first match of the tournament was played between Sri Lanka and Pakistan on 12 September 2002. Sri Lanka won the match by eight wickets with Sanath Jayasuriya scoring his thirteenth ODI century and he reached 8,000 runs in ODI during his innings. Sri Lanka reached into the semi-finals by winning their match against the Netherlands by 202 runs. Australia, from the Pool 1, qualified for the semi-finals after defeating Bangladesh by nine wickets at the Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, in their first Pool match, Australia had defeated New Zealand by 164 runs. They played Sri Lanka in the second semi-final of the tournament, South Africa, who had defeated the West Indies in their opening match, made their place into the semi-finals from Pool 3 by winning over Kenya. They defeated Kenya by 176 runs with man of the match Herschelle Gibbs scoring 116 runs, the fourth semi-finalist of the tournament was India, who defeated Zimbabwe and England in the Pool matches
45.
India national cricket team
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The Indian cricket team, also known as Team India and Men in Blue, represents India in international cricket. Governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India, it is a member of the International Cricket Council with Test, One Day International. In its first fifty years of cricket, India was one of the weaker teams. From 1932 India had to wait until 1952, almost 20 years for its first Test victory. Traditionally much stronger at home than abroad, the Indian team has improved its overseas form since the start of the 21st century, winning Test matches in Australia, England and South Africa. It has won the Cricket World Cup twice – in 1983 under the captaincy of Kapil Dev and in 2011 under the captaincy of Mahendra Singh Dhoni. After winning the 2011 World Cup, India became only the team after West Indies and Australia to have won the World Cup more than once. It has won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 and 2013 ICC Champions Trophy and it was also the joint champions of 2002 ICC Champions Trophy, along with Sri Lanka. As of 7th March 2017, India is ranked first in Tests, fourth in ODIs, Virat Kohli is the current captain of the team across all formats, while former Test captain Anil Kumble is the head coach. The Indian cricket team has rivalries with other Test-playing nations, most notably with Pakistan, however, in recent times, rivalries with nations like Australia, England and Bangladesh and have also gained prominence. The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first cricket match played in 1721, in 1848, the Parsi community in Bombay formed the Oriental Cricket Club, the first cricket club to be established by India Ltdns. After slow beginnings, the Europeans eventually invited the Parsis to play a match in 1877, by 1912, the Parsis, Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims of Bombay played a quadrangular tournament with the Europeans every year. In the early 1900s, some Indians went on to play for the England cricket team, in 1911, an Indian team went on their first official tour of the British Isles, but only played English county teams and not the England cricket team. The one-off Test match between the two sides was played at Lords in London, the team was not strong in their batting at this point and went on to lose by 158 runs. In 1933, the first Test series in India was played between India and England with matches in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, the Indian team continued to improve throughout the 1930s and 40s but did not achieve an international victory during this period. In the early 1940s, India didnt play any Test cricket due to the Second World War, the teams first series as an independent country was in late 1947 against Sir Donald Bradmans Invincibles. It was also the first Test series India played which was not against England, Australia won the five-match series 4–0, with Bradman tormenting the Indian bowling in his final Australian summer. India subsequently played their first Test series at home not against England against the West Indies in 1948, West Indies won the 5-Test series 1–0
England at P. Sara Oval, Colombo; 17–21 February 1982
Bangladesh at Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium, Dhaka; 8–10 February 2018
West Indies at Old Trafford, Manchester; 7 June 1975
Asanka Gurusinha
Nick Lee
Phil Jauncey
