1.
National Register of Historic Places
–
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
2.
Historic districts in the United States
–
Buildings, structures, objects and sites within a historic district are normally divided into two categories, contributing and non-contributing. Districts greatly vary in size, some have hundreds of structures, the U. S. federal government designates historic districts through the United States Department of Interior under the auspices of the National Park Service. Federally designated historic districts are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, state-level historic districts may follow similar criteria or may require adherence to certain historic rehabilitation standards. Local historic district designation offers, by far, the most legal protection for historic properties because most land use decisions are made at the local level, local districts are generally administered by the county or municipal government. The first U. S. historic district was established in Charleston, South Carolina in 1931, Charleston city government designated an Old and Historic District by local ordinance and created a board of architectural review to oversee it. New Orleans followed in 1937, establishing the Vieux Carré Commission, other localities picked up on the concept, with the city of Philadelphia enacting its historic preservation ordinance in 1955. The Supreme Court case validated the protection of resources as an entirely permissible governmental goal. In 1966 the federal government created the National Register of Historic Places, conference of Mayors had stated Americans suffered from rootlessness. By the 1980s there were thousands of federally designated historic districts, Historic districts are generally two types of properties, contributing and non-contributing. In general, contributing properties are integral parts of the historic context, in addition to the two types of classification within historic districts, properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places are classified into five broad categories. They are, building, structure, site, district and object, all but the eponymous district category are also applied to historic districts listed on the National Register. A listing on the National Register of Historic Places is governmental acknowledgment of a historic district, however, the Register is an honorary status with some federal financial incentives. The National Register of Historic Places defines a historic district per U. S. federal law, a district may also comprise individual elements separated geographically but linked by association or history. Districts established under U. S. federal guidelines generally begin the process of designation through a nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, the National Register is the official recognition by the U. S. government of cultural resources worthy of preservation. While designation through the National Register does offer a district or property some protections, if the federal government is not involved, then the listing on the National Register provides the site, property or district no protections. If, however, company A was under federal contract the Smith House would be protected, a federal designation is little more than recognition by the government that the resource is worthy of preservation. Usually, the National Register does not list religious structures, moved structures, reconstructed structures, however, if a property falls into one of those categories and are integral parts of districts that do meet the criteria then an exception allowing their listing will be made. Historic district listings, like all National Register nominations, can be rejected on the basis of owner disapproval, in the case of historic districts, a majority of owners must object in order to nullify a nomination to the National Register of Historic Places
3.
Contributing property
–
Government agencies, at the state, national, and local level in the United States, have differing definitions of what constitutes a contributing property but there are common characteristics. Local laws often regulate the changes that can be made to contributing structures within designated historic districts, the first local ordinances dealing with the alteration of buildings within historic districts was in Charleston, South Carolina in 1931. Properties within a district fall into one of two types of property, contributing and non-contributing. A contributing property, such as a 19th Century mansion, helps make a historic district historic, while a non-contributing property, such as a medical clinic. The contributing properties are key to a districts historic associations, historic architectural qualities. A property can change from contributing to non-contributing and vice versa if significant alterations take place, the ordinance declared that buildings in the district could not have changes made to their architectural features visible from the street. By the mid-1930s, other U. S. cities followed Charlestons lead, an amendment to the Louisiana Constitution led to the 1937 creation of the Vieux Carre Commission, which was charged with protecting and preserving the French Quarter in the city of New Orleans. The city then passed an ordinance that set standards regulating changes within the quarter. Other sources, such as the Columbia Law Review in 1963, the Columbia Law Review gave dates of 1925 for the New Orleans laws and 1924 for Charleston. The same publication claimed that two cities were the only cities with historic district zoning until Alexandria, Virginia adopted an ordinance in 1946. The National Park Service appears to refute this, in 1939, the city of San Antonio, Texas, enacted an ordinance that protected the area of La Villita, which was the citys original Mexican village marketplace. In 1941 the authority of local controls on buildings within historic districts was being challenged in court. In City of New Orleans vs Pergament Louisiana state appellate courts ruled that the design, beginning in the mid-1950s, controls that once applied to only historic districts were extended to individual landmark structures. The United States Congress adopted legislation that declared the Georgetown neighborhood in Washington, by 1965,51 American communities had adopted preservation ordinances. By 1998, more than 2,300 U. S. towns, contributing properties are defined through historic district or historic preservation zoning laws, usually at the local level. Zoning ordinances pertaining to historic districts are designed to maintain a historic character by controlling demolition and alteration to existing properties. It can be any property, structure or object that adds to the integrity or architectural qualities that make the historic district, either local or federal. Definitions vary but, in general, they maintain the same characteristics, another key aspect of a contributing property is historic integrity
4.
Newport, Rhode Island
–
Newport is a seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States. The City of Newport is located approximately 37 miles southeast of Providence,21 miles south of Fall River and it is known as a New England summer resort and famous for its mansions. It was a major 18th-century port city and also contains a number of surviving buildings from the colonial era of the United States. The city is the county seat of Newport County and it was known for being the city of some of the Summer White Houses during the administrations of Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy. The population was 24,027 as of 2013 and its eight founders and first officers were Nicholas Easton, William Coddington, John Clarke, John Coggeshall, William Brenton, Jeremy Clark, Thomas Hazard, and Henry Bull. They left Portsmouth, Rhode Island after a fallout with Anne Hutchinson. As part of the agreement, Coddington and his followers took control of the side of the island. They were soon joined by Nicholas Easton, who had recently expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony for holding heretical beliefs. The settlement grew to be the largest of the four settlements of Rhode Island. Many of the first colonists in Newport became Baptists, and the second Baptist congregation in Rhode Island was formed in 1640 under the leadership of John Clarke, peace did not last long in Newport, as many did not like Coddingtons autocratic style. As a result, a counter-faction was formed by 1650, led by Nicholas Easton, Newport became the most important port in colonial Rhode Island, and a public school was established in 1640. In 1658, a group of Jews were allowed to settle in Newport who were fleeing the Inquisition in Spain, the Newport congregation is now referred to as Congregation Jeshuat Israel and is the second-oldest Jewish congregation in the United States. It meets in Touro Synagogue, the oldest standing synagogue in the United States, in 1663, the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations received its Royal Charter, and Benedict Arnold was elected its first Governor at Newport. The commercial activity which raised Newport to its fame as a port was begun by a second wave of Portuguese Jews who settled there about the middle of the 18th century. They brought with them experience and connections, capital. Most prominent among those were Jacob Rodrigues Rivera who arrived in 1745, Rivera introduced into America the manufacture of sperm oil, which became one of the leading industries and made Newport rich. Newports inhabitants who were engaged in whaling developed 17 manufactories of oil and candles, Aaron Lopez fled to Newport from Lisbon in 1752 and is credited with making Newport an important center of trade. To him in a degree than to any one else was due the rapid commercial development which made Newport for a quarter of a century afterward the most formidable rival of New York
5.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
6.
Patrick Keely
–
Patrick Charles Keely was an Irish-American architect based in Brooklyn, New York, and Providence, Rhode Island. He designed every 19th-century Catholic cathedral in New England, several other church and institutional architects began their careers in his firm. Keely was born in Thurles, County Tipperary, then a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, on August 9,1816, Keely emigrated to the United States, landing at Castle Gardens in Manhattan in 1842, and settling in Brooklyn. He arrived at a time when Catholicism in the United States was expanding from its footholds in Baltimore, New York City. Initially, he worked as a carpenter and builder since there were few trained architects practicing and most structures were erected with the assistance of the client. Common practice held that the builder, whether trained as mason or carpenter, crafted his own plans, for a number of years Keely worked at his trade without attracting attention. During this time, he met the Rev. Sylvester Malone, in 1846 Malone was sent to form a parish near the Brooklyn waterfront in the Williamsburg neighborhood. Together with Keely, he worked out a plan for a Gothic church possessing pointed arches, pinnacles, working as a carpenter, Keely produced designs from which was built the Church of Sts. Peter and Paul was considered an epoch in Catholic building in America, in Brooklyn alone there was a great wave of Catholic settlers for whom churches were urgently needed and Keely was the only one thought of to do the work. Among his work were several cathedrals in the Northeast and many of the substantial parish churches later elevated to cathedral status during the twentieth century. He designed a few churches for Protestant congregations…, Keely died in 1896 after a long illness, while still directing the completion of several churches with his son-in-law, Thomas Houghton. He was buried in Holy Cross Cemetery, Brooklyn, under an inauspicious polished granite block embossed KEELY, patrick Charles Keely, Architect, A Record of His Life and Work
7.
Dudley Newton
–
Dudley Newton was an American architect from Newport, Rhode Island. Newton was born in Newport in 1845, after an education in the Newport public schools until the age of 15, Newton began to study with George C. Newton left Mason and opened his office in 1866, in 1868 he removed to New York City, and was practicing there by 1870. That same year he moved back to Newport, where he remained for the rest of his career, in 1876, Newton married Mary Elizabeth Bailey, and the couple had three children. Thames Street M. E. Church,390 Thames St. Newport, dr. James R. Newton Office,394 Thames St. Newport, RI - Built for the architects father. Gull Rock,8 Yznaga Ave. Newport, RI - Demolished 1972, benjamin Rhodes House,45 Everett St. Newport, RI Jacob Cram House,438 Abe Meyer Ln. Middletown, RI William Birkhead House,20 Catherine St. Newport, RI Charles C. Churchill House,62 Ayrault St. Newport, RI Dudley Newton Studio,20 Bellevue Ave. Newport, fairview,34 Malbone Rd. Newport, RI Newport Gas Co. Building,181 Thames St. Newport, RI - Demolished, henry H. Swinburn House,97 Rhode Island Ave. Newport, RI Sarah C. Woolsey House,93 Rhode Island Ave. Newport, RI Rectory for Emmanuel Episcopal Church,3 Bellevue Ct. Newport, RI William H. Smith House,135 Pelham St. Newport, RI Fire Station No. Charles Pinard House,49 Annandale Rd. Newport, RI Convent for St. Mary R. C, Church,398 Thames St. Newport, RI - Moved to its current site in 1991. Sunnylea,541 Bellevue Ave. Newport, RI Julia H. Eldridge House, Newport, RI Hawkhurst, Kay St. & Cranston Ave. Newport, RI - Split into 4 separate houses in 1930s. Henrietta Lieber House,67 Rhode Island Ave. Newport, RI Matilda Lieber House,69 Rhode Island Ave. Newport, RI Dudley Newton House,52 Division St. Newport, RI - The architects own home. William G. Weld House,364 Bellevue Ave. Newport, RI Bethshan,396 Gibbs Ave. Newport, RI Windecke,80 Catherine St. Newport, Church,14 William St. Newport, RI - Burned 1921. Darlington Schoolhouse,600 Ramapo Valley Rd. Mahwah, NJ - Financied by Theodore Havemeyer, kinsley Building,286 Thames St. Newport, RI - One of very few downtown buildings built in the late 19th century. Harold Carter Brown House,459 Bellevue Ave. Newport, RI Fire Station No,5,119 Touro St. Newport, RI - Altered. By himself he designed the stables in 1888
8.
Ambrose J. Murphy
–
Ambrose J. Murphy was an American architect whose practice was based in Providence Rhode Island. He was a specialist in ecclesiastical work and, in a career spanned over 40 years, designed many buildings for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence Rhode Island. Murphy was born July 12,1869 in Worcester, MA and he couldve been educated in Worcester and began his architectural career with his uncle James Murphy, an ecclesiastical architect in Providence, Rhode Island. After this he worked briefly as a draughtsman for Martin & Hall, in 1900 he entered into a partnership with Franklin R. Hindle to form the firm Murphy and Hindle. Benjamin W. Wright joined the firm, now known as Murphy, Hindle & Wright, the firm was dissolved in 1917 after which Murphy continued to work under his own name. In 1918 Murphy began working with Samuel M. Morino who continued with him, Murphy died on May 27,1949. Ambrose Murphy began his long and distinguished career at roughly the time that Charles Maginnis of Boston. The younger Murphy was probably be greatly influenced by Maginniss beliefs and his unique ecclesiastical buildings are said to be much admired locally and have found their way to some of the National Registers
9.
John Forbes Hogan
–
John Forbes Hogan was an American architect from Providence, Rhode Island. Hogan was born in Pawtucket in 1894, in 1916 he earned a B. S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and an M. S. the following year. For 10 months after his graduation he traveled in Europe. From 1919 to 1923 he was employed as a designer in the Providence office of architect George F. Hall, in 1923 he left Hall to open his own office in Providence. He joined the AIA in 1924, Hogan specialized in buildings for the Catholic church, designing many churches and institutions for the diocese
10.
Southern Thames Historic District
–
The Southern Thames Historic District encompasses the commercial and residential area immediately to the south of the colonial center of Newport, Rhode Island. This area, covering about 135 acres, was developed both residentially and commercially between about 1850 and 1920, with the majority of its coming in the late 19th century. It is characterized by densely built streets, including Thames Street, the districts housing stock and commercial architecture are largely vernacular wood frame structures, set close to the sidewalk on small lots. The waterfront area is composed of wharves with warehouses and other structures, one of the most prominent buildings in the district is the Emmanuel Episcopal Church, designed by Ralph Adams Cram and built in 1912–13. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008, the northern portion of the district, is also listed as part of the Newport Historic District, a National Historic Landmark District. National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
11.
Roman Catholic
–
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
12.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence
–
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. The diocese is suffragan to the Archdiocese of Hartford and a part of the province that includes that archdiocese. Peter and Paul in Providence is the church of the diocese of Providence. The Most Reverend Thomas Joseph Tobin, former Bishop of Youngstown, Ohio, is the eighth and it is published weekly with 48 issues per year. Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence Official Site Cathedral of Sts, peter and Paul Herbermann, Charles, ed. Diocese of Providence
13.
Brooklyn
–
Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
14.
William Rosecrans
–
William Starke Rosecrans was an American inventor, coal-oil company executive, diplomat, politician, and U. S. Army officer. He gained fame for his role as a Union general during the American Civil War and he was the victor at prominent Western Theater battles, but his military career was effectively ended following his disastrous defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863. Rosecrans graduated in 1842 from the West Point Military Academy where he served in engineering assignments as well as a professor before leaving the Army to pursue a career in civil engineering. At the start of the Civil War, leading troops from Ohio, in 1862 in the Western Theater, he won the battles of Iuka and Corinth while under the command of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. His brusque, outspoken manner and willingness to quarrel openly with superiors caused a rivalry with Grant that would adversely affect Rosecrans career. Besieged in Chattanooga, Rosecrans was relieved of command by Grant, following his humiliating defeat, Rosecrans was reassigned to command the Department of Missouri, where he opposed Prices Raid. He was briefly considered as a vice presidential running mate for Abraham Lincoln in 1864, after the war, he served in diplomatic and appointed political positions and in 1880 was elected to Congress, representing California. William Starke Rosecrans was born on a farm near Little Taylor Run in Kingston Township, Delaware County, Ohio, the second of five sons of Crandall Rosecrans and Jemima Hopkins. Crandall was a veteran of the War of 1812, in which he served as adjutant to General William Henry Harrison, One of Crandalls heroes, General John Stark, was the inspiration for Williams middle name. Rosecrans was descended from Harmon Henrik Rosenkrantz, who arrived in New Amsterdam in 1651 and his mother was the widow of Timothy Hopkins, a relative of Stephen Hopkins, the Colonial Governor of Rhode Island and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. William had little education in his early years, relying heavily on reading books. At the age of 13, he left home to work as a clerk in Utica. Unable to afford college, Rosecrans decided to try for an appointment to the United States Military Academy and he interviewed with Congressman Alexander Harper, who had been reserving his appointment for his own son, but Harper was so impressed by Rosecrans that he nominated him instead. Despite his lack of education, Rosecrans excelled academically at West Point, particularly in mathematics, but also in French, drawing. It was at the academy that he received his nickname, Rosy, or more often Old Rosy. He graduated from West Point in 1842, fifth in his class of 56 cadets, which included future generals such as James Longstreet, Abner Doubleday, D. H. Hill. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the prestigious Corps of Engineers. At his graduation, he met Anna Elizabeth Hegeman of New York City and they were married on August 24,1843
15.
American Civil War
–
The American Civil War was an internal conflict fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America, the Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U. S. history. Among the 34 U. S. states in February 1861, War broke out in April 1861 when Confederates attacked the U. S. fortress of Fort Sumter. The Confederacy grew to eleven states, it claimed two more states, the Indian Territory, and the southern portions of the western territories of Arizona. The Confederacy was never recognized by the United States government nor by any foreign country. The states that remained loyal, including border states where slavery was legal, were known as the Union or the North, the war ended with the surrender of all the Confederate armies and the dissolution of the Confederate government in the spring of 1865. The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. The Confederacy collapsed and 4 million slaves were freed, but before his inauguration, seven slave states with cotton-based economies formed the Confederacy. The first six to declare secession had the highest proportions of slaves in their populations, the first seven with state legislatures to resolve for secession included split majorities for unionists Douglas and Bell in Georgia with 51% and Louisiana with 55%. Alabama had voted 46% for those unionists, Mississippi with 40%, Florida with 38%, Texas with 25%, of these, only Texas held a referendum on secession. Eight remaining slave states continued to reject calls for secession, outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincolns March 4,1861 inaugural address declared that his administration would not initiate a civil war, speaking directly to the Southern States, he reaffirmed, I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. After Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy, efforts at compromise failed, the Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on King Cotton that they would intervene, but none did, and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Hostilities began on April 12,1861, when Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter, while in the Western Theater the Union made significant permanent gains, in the Eastern Theater, the battle was inconclusive in 1861–62. The autumn 1862 Confederate campaigns into Maryland and Kentucky failed, dissuading British intervention, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal. To the west, by summer 1862 the Union destroyed the Confederate river navy, then much of their western armies, the 1863 Union siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River. In 1863, Robert E. Lees Confederate incursion north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg, Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grants command of all Union armies in 1864
16.
Second Vatican Council
–
The Second Vatican Council, fully the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council and informally known as Vatican II, addressed relations between the Catholic Church and the modern world. It was the twenty-first and most recent ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, many of these changes remain divisive among the Catholic faithful. At the same time, the worlds bishops faced challenges driven by political, social, economic, some of these bishops sought new ways of addressing those challenges. The First Vatican Council had been nearly a century before but had been cut short when the Italian Army entered the city of Rome at the end of Italian unification. Pope John XXIII, however, gave notice of his intention to convene the Council on 25 January 1959 and this sudden announcement, which caught the Curia by surprise, caused little initial official comment from Church insiders. In various discussions before the Council actually convened, John XXIII often said that it was time to open the windows and he invited other Christians outside the Catholic Church to send observers to the Council. Acceptances came from both the Eastern Orthodox Church and Protestant denominations as internal observers, but these observers did not cast votes in the approbation of the conciliar documents. Pope John XXIIIs announcement on 25 January 1959 of his intention to call a general council came as an even to the cardinals present. The Pontiff pre-announced the council under a full moon when the faithful with their candlelights gathered in St. Peters square, after which, he instructed the people to go back home and give their children a kiss of goodnight, from the Pope himself. He had tested the idea only ten days before one of them, his Cardinal Secretary of State Domenico Tardini. Although the Pope later said the idea came to him in a flash in his conversation with Tardini, two cardinals had earlier attempted to interest him in the idea. They were two of the most conservative, Ernesto Ruffini and Alfredo Ottaviani, who had already in 1948 proposed the idea to Pope Pius XII and who put it before John XXIII on 27 October 1958. These groups, composed mostly of members of the Roman Curia, produced 987 proposed constituting sessions, attendance varied in later sessions from 2,100 to over 2,300. In addition, a number of periti were available for theological consultation—a group that turned out to have a major influence as the council went forward. Seventeen Orthodox Churches and Protestant denominations sent observers, more than three dozen representatives of other Christian communities were present at the opening session, and the number grew to nearly 100 by the end of the 4th Council Sessions. Pope John XXIII opened the Council on 11 October 1962 in a public session, what is needed is that this certain and immutable doctrine, to which the faithful owe obedience, be studied afresh and reformulated in contemporary terms. For this deposit of faith, or truths which are contained in our time-honored teaching is one thing, roncalli, Angelo Giuseppe, Opening address, Council, Rome, IT.13 October 1962 marked the initial working session of the Council. That days agenda included the election for members of the ten conciliar commissions, each would have sixteen elected and eight appointed members, and were expected to do most of the work of the Council
17.
East Providence, Rhode Island
–
East Providence is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 47,037 at the 2010 census, making it the fifth largest city in the state, East Providence is located at 41°48′5″N 71°21′39″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 16.6 square miles. The following villages are located in East Providence, East Providence Center Riverside Rumford The Mayor is Thomas Rose, finally, in 1661, Plymouth completed the North Purchase from which Attleboro, North Attleboro, and Cumberland were later formed. Over the whole the authorities gave the name Rehoboth, the center of this large settlement, which is sometimes referred to as Old Rehoboth, is within the borders of modern East Providence. In 1812, the half of Old Rehoboth was set off as a separate township called Seekonk. Old Rehoboths town center now became the heart of Old Seekonk, finally, in 1862, the western part of Old Seekonk was ceded to Rhode Island and incorporated as East Providence. In decades preceding the Civil War, Watchemoket Point was little more than a farming and fishing area with perhaps a few hundred residents, Watchemoket was situated directly across from the thriving city of Providence and thus benefited from the expansion of that community. More importantly, two bridges across the Seekonk River gave easy access to Watchmemoket, perhaps the first businesses to come to Watchemoket were inns built to service the large numbers of people coming through. The residents of Watchemoket also had their own library by the early 1870s, at first the organizers named it Ladies Library Association, but in 1885 they changed the named to Watchemoket Free Public Library. Already the commercial and population center of East Providence, by the mid-1880s, the town hall was moved from Rumford to the heart of the community, so it was more accessible. They purchased a lot on Taunton Avenue for $11,500 and that same year the East Providence Police Department opened its headquarters in the town hall. Beginning around 1900 and continuing until the onset of the Depression in 1930, large numbers of Portuguese from Providence, Fall River, New Bedford, by 1905, there were over 400 Portuguese in the town, the third highest in the state. The Portuguese, like other groups, were drawn to East Providence primarily by the lure of jobs. Many employment opportunities were available in the Watchemoket area, where numerous immigrants settled, for some time after the incorporation of the town in 1862, the area around the old Ring of the Green was referred to as East Providence Center. The official town hall was located here until 1889, as were several churches, moreover, the village was the population center of East Providence, containing many farms and mills along the Ten Mile River. Many people migrated from East Providence Center to the new center at Watchemoket, from the time of the Wannamoisett purchase in 1645 to the Civil War, the shore land from Watchemoket to Bullocks Point had remained a sparsely settled fishing and farming area. When East Providence was incorporated, no more than a few hundred of its residents made the village their home
18.
John F. Kennedy
–
Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party, and his New Frontier domestic program was largely enacted as a memorial to him after his death. Kennedy also established the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, Kennedys time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower, in Cuba, a failed attempt was made at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in April 1961. He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain approval for a war against Cuba. After military service in the United States Naval Reserve in World War II and he was elected subsequently to the U. S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated Vice President, and Republican presidential candidate, Richard Nixon in the 1960 U. S, at age 43, he became the youngest elected president and the second-youngest president. Kennedy was also the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president, to date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on November 22,1963, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and determined to have fired the shots that hit the President from a sixth floor window of the Texas School Book Depository. Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby fatally shot Oswald two days later in a jail corridor, then-Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded Kennedy after he died in the hospital. The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin, the majority of Americans alive at the time of the assassination, and continuing through 2013, believed that there was a conspiracy and that Oswald was not the only shooter. Since the 1960s, information concerning Kennedys private life has come to light, including his health problems, Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians polls of U. S. presidents and with the general public. His average approval rating of 70% is the highest of any president in Gallups history of systematically measuring job approval and his grandfathers P. J. Kennedy and Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald were both Massachusetts politicians. All four of his grandparents were the children of Irish immigrants, Kennedy had an elder brother, Joseph Jr. and seven younger siblings, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, Jean, and Ted. Kennedy lived in Brookline for ten years and attended the Edward Devotion School, the Noble and Greenough Lower School, and the Dexter School through 4th grade. In 1927, the Kennedy family moved to a stately twenty-room, Georgian-style mansion at 5040 Independence Avenue in the Hudson Hill neighborhood of Riverdale, Bronx and he attended the lower campus of Riverdale Country School, a private school for boys, from 5th to 7th grade. Two years later, the moved to 294 Pondfield Road in the New York City suburb of Bronxville, New York. The Kennedy family spent summers at their home in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in September 1930, Kennedy—then 13 years old—attended the Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. In late April 1931, he required an appendectomy, after which he withdrew from Canterbury, in September 1931, Kennedy attended Choate, a boarding school in Wallingford, Connecticut, for 9th through 12th grade
19.
Jacqueline Bouvier
–
Jacqueline Lee Jackie Kennedy Onassis was the wife of the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, and First Lady of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Bouvier was the daughter of Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Bouvier III. In 1951, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in French literature from George Washington University, in 1952, Bouvier met Congressman John F. Kennedy at a dinner party. In November of that year, he was elected as a United States Senator from Massachusetts, and they had four children, two of whom died in infancy. As First Lady, she was known for her highly publicized restoration of the White House and her emphasis on arts, on November 22,1963, she was riding with the President in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, when he was assassinated. She and her children withdrew from view after his funeral. Following her second death in 1975, she had a career as a book editor for the final two decades of her life. She is remembered for her contributions to the arts and preservation of historic architecture, as well as for her style, elegance. She was an icon, and her famous ensemble of pink Chanel suit. She ranks as one of the most popular First Ladies and in 1999 was named on Gallups list of Most Admired Men and Women in 20th-century America. Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was born on July 28,1929, at Southampton Hospital in Southampton, New York, to Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Black Jack Bouvier III, Bouviers mother was of Irish descent, and her father had French, Scottish, and English ancestry. Named after her father, Bouvier was baptized at the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola in Manhattan and her younger sister Lee was born in 1933. Bouvier spent her childhood years in Manhattan and at Lasata. She idolized her father, who favored her over her sister. From an early age, Bouvier was an equestrienne and successfully competed in the sport. She also took lessons, was an avid reader, and excelled at learning languages. Bouvier enrolled in the Chapin School in Manhattan in 1935, which she attended for grades 1–6. She was a student but often misbehaved, one of her teachers described her as a darling child, the prettiest little girl, very clever, very artistic
20.
National Park Service
–
It was created on August 25,1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act and is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. As of 2014, the NPS employs 21,651 employees who oversee 417 units, the National Park Service celebrated its centennial in 2016. National parks and national monuments in the United States were originally individually managed under the auspices of the Department of the Interior, the movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by business magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior and they wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits. This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service, Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS. On March 3,1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933, the act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasnt until later that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Roosevelt agreed and issued two Executive orders to make it happen. In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service, the demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded. In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery, Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and then National Recreation Areas. Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service has managed each of the United States national parks, Yellowstone National Park was the first national park in the United States. In 1872, there was no government to manage it. Yosemite National Park began as a park, the land for the park was donated by the federal government to the state of California in 1864 for perpetual conservation. Yosemite was later returned to federal ownership, at first, each national park was managed independently, with varying degrees of success. In Yellowstone, the staff was replaced by the U. S. Army in 1886. Due to the irregularities in managing these national treasures, Stephen Mather petitioned the government to improve the situation. In response, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane challenged him to lobby for creating a new agency, Mather was successful with the ratification of the National Park Service Organic Act in 1916. Later, the agency was given authority over other protected areas, the National Park System includes all properties managed by the National Park Service
21.
Thomas Francis Hendricken
–
Bishop Thomas Francis Hendricken served as the first bishop of Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Hendricken studied in St. Kiernans College and Maynooth where he met Bishop Bernard OReilly who ordained him for Hartford in 1853, in 1872 he was appointed the first Bishop of Providence, Rhode Island, United States. At that time, the diocese included all of Rhode Island, as well as the present Diocese of Fall River and he created 13 English- and two French-speaking parishes for growing congregations composed mainly of French-Canadians and Irish. By 1873, the immigration into the diocese slowed and the boom ended with many of his flock unemployed or on reduced wages. As with many of his fellow prelates, he urged a response of patience and he was primarily responsible for the construction of the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Providence, although he died before its completion. His funeral was the first Mass to be celebrated in the cathedral, during renovations in 2006, the basement crypt was removed, and the bishops buried there were re-interred in a mausoleum at a nearby diocesan cemetery. Bishop Hendricken, however, was re-entombed on December 8,2006, in a located on the cathedrals main floor. Eight seniors from the school that bears his name carried his remains to a more public resting place facing the high altar of the great cathedral he built. Bishop Thomas Francis Hendricken High School in Warwick, Rhode Island is named after him, profile, catholic-hierarchy. org, accessed March 11,2017
22.
Matthew Harkins
–
Matthew A. Harkins was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Providence from 1887 until his death in 1921, matthew A. Harkins was born in Boston, Massachusetts to Patrick Harkins, an Irish immigrant, and his wife, Margaret. He received his education at a primary school on Tremont Street. He attended Boston Latin School from 1859-62, when he entered Holy Cross College in Worcester, after a year at Holy Cross, he went abroad to France and furthered his studies at the English College, Douai and at Église Saint-Sulpice, Paris. While in Paris, Harkins was ordained to the priesthood on May 22,1869, after studying theology and canon law at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, he returned to Massachusetts in 1870 and was named curate at the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Salem. He served as pastor of St. Malachi Church, Arlington, Massachusetts from 1876-84, in 1884 he accompanied Archbishop John Joseph Williams to the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore as a theologian. On February 11,1887, Harkins was appointed the second Bishop of Providence, Rhode Island, during his tenure, the diocese grew to be among the largest in the country and to have one of the highest percentage of Catholics. In 1904 the Holy See formed the Diocese of Fall River, Massachusetts, out of Providence, which was then left 190,000 Catholics and which later increased to 275,180 by 1920. He increased the number of parishes from 39 to 95, most of new parishes were erected in the cities and growing suburbs. He established numerous charitable organizations and parochial schools as well and he was responsible for creating the first Roman Catholic college in the diocese, Providence College, in 1917. Its main building, Bishop Harkins Hall, is named for him, due to his advancing age and declining health, Harkins received two auxiliary bishops between May 1914 and October 1917, and a coadjutor bishop in April 1919. Official site of the Holy See
23.
William A. Hickey
–
William Augustine Hickey was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Providence from 1921 until his death, William Hickey was born in Worcester, Massachusetts to William and Margaret Hickey. His father served in both the army and the navy during the Civil War, Hickey attended Holy Cross College, and also studied at St. Sulpice Seminary in Paris. Upon his return to the United States, he attended St. Johns Seminary and was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop John Williams on December 22,1893 and he then held a variety of pastoral roles throughout Worcester County. From 1903 to 1917, Hickey served as a pastor in Gilbertville and he was then transferred to St. Johns Church in Clinton, where he became much beloved for erecting a new parochial school and parish hall. His work in Clinton even earned him the praise of U. S, not a day has passed over his head since our boys first left Clinton that he has not prayed for his people. On January 16,1919, Hickey was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Providence, Rhode Island, in 1923, the Bishop initiated an ultimately successful, three-year-long drive to raise a million dollars to improve and create diocesan high schools. He also led fundraising efforts for the support of the diocesan newspaper, Hickey later lifted the excommunication after the group sought reconciliation. Hickey later died from an attack, aged 64. History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Official site of the Holy See
24.
Francis Patrick Keough
–
Francis Patrick Keough was an American clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Providence and Archbishop of Baltimore, Francis Keough was born in New Britain, Connecticut, the second and youngest son of Patrick and Margaret Keough. His parents were Irish immigrants, and his father died when Francis was only five years old and he received his early education at the parochial school of St. Marys Church in his native city, and began his studies for the priesthood at St. Thomas Seminary in Bloomfield. In 1911, he was sent to the Grand Seminary of Saint-Sulpice in Issy-les-Moulineaux and he returned home following the outbreak of World War I, and completed his theological studies at St. Bernards Seminary in Rochester, New York. On June 10,1916, Keough was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Hartford by Bishop John Joseph Nilan and his first assignment was as a curate at St. Rose Church in Meriden, where he remained until becoming private secretary to Bishop Nilan in 1919. He also served as director of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, assistant chancellor. On February 10,1934, Keough was appointed the fourth Bishop of Providence, Rhode Island and he received his episcopal consecration on the following May 22 from Archbishop Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, with Archbishop John Murray and Bishop James Edwin Cassidy serving as co-consecrators. During his tenure in Providence, the Catholic population of the diocese increased from 325,000 to 425,000, and he also founded a minor seminary, eased tensions between the French-speaking and English-speaking members of his congregation, and reduced the heavy financial debts burdening the diocese. On November 29,1947, Keough was named by Pope Pius XII to succeed Michael Joseph Curley as the eleventh Archbishop of Baltimore and he was formally installed in the Basilica of the Assumption on February 24,1948. During the fourteen years of his administration, the Catholic population of the archdiocese, the new Cathedral of Mary Our Queen and many new schools, homes, orphanages and other institutions were built. He was a trustee of the Catholic University of America and a member of the American Board of Catholic Missions, Keough was known as the Archbishop of the poor due to his dedication to orphans and the aged. He was named an Assistant at the Pontifical Throne in 1959, Keough died from cerebral thrombosis, aged 70. Official site of the Holy See
25.
Russell McVinney
–
Russell Joseph McVinney was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Providence from 1948 until his death in 1971, russell McVinney was born in Warren, Rhode Island, to Thomas and Catherine McVinney. He was baptized at St. Marys of the Bay Church in Warren the following month, shortly after his birth, McVinney and his family moved to the Mount Pleasant neighborhood of Providence. Since there was no school at Blessed Sacrament Church, he attended Academy Avenue Grade School. He also attended Father Simmons School of Religion, the education program at Blessed Sacrament. In 1912, McVinney enrolled at La Salle Academy in Providence, following the conclusion of World War I, he was sent to complete his studies at the American College at Louvain in Belgium. McVinney was ordained to the priesthood at Louvain on July 13,1924, following his return to Rhode Island, he briefly served on a temporary assignment at the Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul before becoming a curate at St. Patricks Church in Harrisville, from 1929 to 1936, he served as a curate at St. Edwards Church and a teacher at St. Raphael Academy in Pawtucket. In 1935, he studied journalism for a year at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, from 1936 to 1941, McVinney served as associate editor of the Providence Visitor and did pastoral work at the Cathedral of SS. He directed the diocesan pilgrimage to the Eucharistic Congress at New Orleans, Louisiana and he served as the first rector of the newly opened Our Lady of Providence Seminary in Warwick from 1941 to 1948. During his tenure as rector, he served as pro-synodal examiner. On May 29,1948, McVinney was appointed the fifth Bishop of Providence by Pope Pius XII and he received his episcopal consecration on the following July 14 from Archbishop Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, with Bishops Henry Joseph OBrien and James Louis Connolly serving as co-consecrators. He was the first native of Rhode Island to serve as head of the Diocese of Providence, during his 23-year tenure in Providence, McVinney established 28 new parishes, mostly in rapidly growing suburban and rural areas of the diocese. He also established 40 new Catholic schools and oversaw the construction of new buildings for many preexisting schools, in 1954, he opened Our Lady of Fatima Hospital, a hospital for the chronically ill, in North Providence. McVinney convoked the synod of the diocese on October 8,1952. He founded the Sisters of Our Lady of Providence in 1955, in 1957, in order to accommodate the increasing number of seminarians at Our Lady of Providence Seminary, he oversaw the construction of a complex of new buildings for the seminary. Between 1962 and 1965, McVinney attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council in Rome, following the conclusion of the Council, he created a Diocesan Liturgical Commission in June 1964 and one of the first Diocesan Ecumenical Commissions in the United States in January 1965. He also established the Catholic Inner City Apostolate in 1966 and the Diocesan Human Relations Commission in 1967, McVinneys alma mater, the American College in Belgium, closed on the eve of the Second World War
26.
Louis Edward Gelineau
–
Louis Edward Gélineau is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Providence from 1972 to 1997, louis Gelineau was born in Burlington, Vermont, to Leonidas and Juliette Gelineau, he has an older brother, Robert. He was ordained a priest on June 5,1954, and then served as assistant pastor at All Saints Parish in Richford, Gelineau was sent to further his studies at the Catholic University of America in 1957, and later earned a Licentiate of Canon Law in 1959. Returning to the Diocese of Burlington, he was named assistant chancellor of the Diocese and secretary and he also served as director of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith and assistant chaplain at De Goesbriand Memorial Hospital. He became chancellor of the Diocese in 1961 and was raised to the rank of Papal Chamberlain by Pope John XXIII, in 1968 he became vicar general of the Burlington Diocese and a Prelate of His Holiness. On December 6,1971, Gelineau was appointed the sixth Bishop of Providence, Rhode Island and he received his episcopal consecration on January 26,1972 from Bishop Joyce, with Bishops Bernard Joseph Flanagan and Edward Cornelius OLeary serving as co-consecrators. He also opposed a 1985 ordinance for the city of Providence to protect homosexuals from discrimination in employment, housing, credit and he said, Homosexual acts are contrary to Gods command and contrary to his purpose in creating sex. To give support to this proposed legislation may easily be interpreted as supporting the homosexual lifestyle, Gélineau has long been accused of various forms of sexual misconduct. According to a 1997 deposition by Robert Cadorette, Gélineau, while assigned to a Vermont orphanage in the 1950s, molested Cadorette as a boy several times, in a 1997 deposition, he denied any sexual misdeeds with an altar boy in 1994. Also, it is alleged that he was arrested by Massachusetts Highway Police for soliciting sex at a truck stop and this led to his well-known moniker truck stop Louie. Gelineau was also criticized for his management of sexual allegations in the Providence Diocese. After a 25-year-long tenure, Gelineau resigned as Bishop on June 11,1997 and he became chaplain at St. Antoine Residence in March 2004. Official site of the Holy See
27.
Robert Edward Mulvee
–
Robert Edward Mulvee is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Wilmington, Delaware and Bishop of Providence, robert Mulvee was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to John F. and Jennie T. Mulvee. He studied at St. Thomas Seminary in Bloomfield, Connecticut, St. Paul University in Ottawa, Ontario, while at Louvain, he was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Manchester, New Hampshire, on June 30,1957. Following his return to the United States, he was named assistant chancellor of the Manchester Diocese, on February 15,1977, Mulvee was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Manchester and Titular Bishop of Summa by Pope Paul VI. The position of Auxiliary Bishop was new in the Manchester Diocese at the time, while in Manchester, Mulvee stayed as a guest at Saint Anselm Abbey. He received his consecration on the following April 14 from Bishop Odore Joseph Gendron, with Bishops Ernest John Primeau. After the death of Bishop Thomas Joseph Mardaga, Mulvee was named the seventh Bishop of Wilmington, Delaware and he was replaced as auxiliary of Manchester by his friend Bishop Joseph John Gerry, O. S. B. of Saint Anselm Abbey. In September 2002, Mulvee ended a 10-year-long legal battle over clerical sexual abuse cases, upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75, Mulvee submitted his letter of resignation to Pope John Paul II on February 15,2005. His resignation was accepted on March 31,2005, and Bishop Thomas Joseph Tobin was appointed his successor and he served as Apostolic Administrator of the Providence Diocese until Bishop Tobins installation on the following May 31. Official site of the Holy See
28.
Thomas Joseph Tobin
–
Thomas Joseph Tobin is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He serves as the eighth and current Bishop of Providence and he also pursued his graduate studies at the Pontifical Liturgical Institute of San Anselmo in Rome. Tobin was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Vincent Leonard on July 21,1973, from 1979 to 1984, he was an assistant pastor at St. On November 3,1992, Tobin was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Pittsburgh and he received his episcopal consecration on December 27,1992, from then-Bishop Donald Wuerl, with Bishops Anthony Bosco and Nicholas C. Tobin was later named Bishop of Youngstown, Ohio, on December 5,1995, in 1997, he was given an honorary doctorate from his alma mater of St. Francis University. Pope John Paul II appointed Tobin Bishop of Providence, Rhode Island, on March 31,2005, Bishop Tobin currently sits on the Board of Trustees of Providence College and of Salve Regina University. He also maintains a column for his diocesan newspaper entitled Without A Doubt, the Without a Doubt columns have been published in two books authored by the Bishop, Without a Doubt, Bringing Faith to Life and Effective Faith, Faith that Makes a Difference. Tobin also became embroiled in a dispute with Rhode Island Congressman Patrick J. Kennedy over the Congressmans support for legal abortion during the Health Care debate. Kennedy claimed that Tobin barred him from Holy Communion, while Tobin claimed it was simply a confidential request made years prior, Bishop Tobin is an avid Pittsburgh Steelers fan, and displays a Steeler banner on his residence during each game day. Upon President Obamas announced support for marriage, Tobin claimed it was a sad day in American history. His views on Catholic morality and voting have included the concept that voting for a candidate is morally unacceptable. The Bishop has also stated that the Catholic Church has respect, love, I sincerely pray for God’s blessings upon them, that they will enjoy much health, happiness and peace. Book, Effective Faith, Faith that Makes a Difference Official site of the Holy See Without a Doubt Column Archive
29.
Thomas Francis Doran
–
Thomas Francis Doran served as an American Roman Catholic bishop. Born in Barrington, Rhode Island, Doran was ordained a priest for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence on July 4,1880. On February 26,1915 Doran was named bishop of Halicarnassus. Official site of the Holy See
30.
Thomas Francis Maloney
–
Maloney was born on 17 April 1903 in Providence, Rhode Island. Maloneys alma mater, the American College at Louvain, was shuttered in 1939 because of the imminent Second World War. It remained closed through the years of the war, and it was only in 1949 that the possibility of reopening the college began to be discussed again by the American bishops. Maloneys bishop, Most Reverend Russell McVinney of the diocese of Providence, was keen to reopen the college, when McVinney became chair of the American Colleges new board of bishops in 1951, he appointed Maloney as the new rector. Maloney, as the first American to serve as rector of the college, the Naamsestraat property of the college was returned officially to the American bishops by the university in 1952, with the blessing of the universitys rector, Honoré van Waeyenbergh. Maloney arrived again in Louvain in spring of 1952, and made way for the arrival of the first 54 seminarians that autumn, in 1955, Maloney began renovations of the American College building, leading up the centennial celebrations of the College in 1957. By 1957, the college had been renovated, and the number of seminarians had risen to over one hundred as a result of the 1950s vocations boom in the United States. Maloney remained as rector of the American College for three years thereafter, caring for the thriving institution that he had rebuilt. On 2 January 1960, Maloney was appointed the bishop of Providence by Pope John XXIII. As a result, he left his position as rector of the American College and he died in 1962 at the age of 59, only two years after his consecration as bishop. American College at Louvain Official site of the Holy See
31.
Bernard Matthew Kelly
–
Bernard Matthew Kelly served as a Roman Catholic auxiliary bishop. Born in Providence, Rhode Island, Kelly attended Providence College and he was ordained priest in 1944. After ordination, Kelly served as assistant pastor and as an instructor at La Salle Academy in Providence and he also served as chaplain of Mother of Hope Novitiate in Warwick, Rhode Island and as spiritual director of Our Lady of Providence Seminary in Warwick Neck. Kelly was ordained bishop of Tegea and auxiliary bishop of Providence in 1963. At the forefront of the movement, Kelly spoke in front of an evangelical Protestant congregation in 1965. In 1971, he drew controversy when, in a sermon, he called it scandalous that churchmen are so concerned about abortion, disappointed with the churchs position on the Vietnam War, he resigned from the priesthood that June. He later married and worked as an attorney in Rhode Island and West Virginia, official site of the Holy See
32.
Kenneth Anthony Angell
–
Kenneth Anthony Angell was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Burlington from 1992 to 2005, one of three children, Kenneth Angell was born in Providence, Rhode Island, to Henry and Mae Angell. After attending public schools in East Providence, he studied at Our Lady of Providence Seminary in Warwick and at St. Marys Seminary in Baltimore. Angell was ordained to the priesthood on May 26,1957 and he then served as parochial vicar at St. Mark Church in Jamestown and at Sacred Heart Church in Pawtucket. After serving at St. Marys Church in Newport, Angell then received his first pastorate at St. Johns Church in Providence, from 1968 to 1972, he was assistant chancellor of the Diocese of Providence and secretary to Bishop Russell McVinney. He served as chancellor under Bishop Louis Edward Gelineau from 1972 to 1974 and was raised to the rank of Monsignor in December 1972 and he became vicar general of the diocese in August 1974. On August 9,1974, Angell was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Providence, after nearly 20 years as an auxiliary in Providence, Angell was named the eighth Bishop of Burlington, Vermont, by Pope John Paul II on October 6,1992. He was installed at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception on November 9,1992, a strong opponent of same-sex marriage, he unsuccessfully campaigned against H. B. 847, which granted civil unions to same-sex couples with the same rights, speaking to the Vermont House of Representatives, he said, Do not let the court or anybody else push you around. You have no duty, moral or constitutional, to weaken the institution of marriage, if the court thinks otherwise, then let the people overrule the court. This is the United States of America and we are not ruled by kings, whether on a throne or in the courtroom. In 2001 he wrote to the House to express his opposition to capital punishment, saying and we must not promote or justify a culture of vengeance. We cannot hope to teach that killing is wrong by killing and his younger brother David Angell, the Emmy Award-winning creator and producer of Frasier, and his wife Lynn died during the September 11 attacks aboard American Airlines Flight 11. Angell later said, Our family was devastated, and yet in times of such crisis you get strength thats rather incredible and you dont really know where it comes from. It comes ultimately from God, but it comes through many people who are supportive and it comes from ones faith and the belief that the Lord takes care of us, and that his will must be done. In response to the invasion of Iraq in March 2003, Angell said, Our hopes of avoiding war were quashed today and we pray for the safety and deliverance of the innocent citizens in Iraq, that they be protected from harm and freed from oppression. We pray their terror will be of duration and that their rewards will be a new country based on freedom and democratic principles. Angell received Salvatore Ronald Matano as his bishop in April 2005
33.
Robert Joseph McManus
–
Robert Joseph McManus is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who serves as the fifth Bishop of the Diocese of Worcester, Massachusetts. McManus was born in Providence, Rhode Island, to Edward W. & Helen F. McManus and he grew up in the Providence area, graduating from Blessed Sacrament School and Our Lady of Providence High School. He is an alumnus of the Catholic University of America in Washington, D. C. McManus was ordained to the priesthood on May 27,1978 by Bishop Kenneth Anthony Angell of Providence. He served as a pastor at several parishes and chaplaincies throughout the diocese for nearly twenty years. He was elevated to the title of Monsignor on February 28,1997 by Pope John Paul II, McManus was consecrated as Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of Providence on February 22,1999. Since May 14,2004, McManus succeeded Daniel P. Reilly and he was installed in Worcester on May 14,2004. McManus criticized the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester for renting out sacred space to the Massachusetts Alliance on Teen Pregnancy for workshops and he thought that the classes taught things which violated the teachings of the Catholic Church. On October 10,2007, he issued a statement expressing his thoughts, in June 2012, on instructions from McManus, diocesan officials declined to sell a property owned by the diocese, an historic mansion in Northbridge, to a married gay couple. The property had been used as a church-affiliated nonprofit retreat center, a lawyer for the diocese said that the Massachusetts anti-discrimination statute provides an exemption for religious institutions. And no reasonable person would think that a wedding took place on a property no longer owned by a church was endorsed by that church. Oral arguments in the case are scheduled in Worcester Superior Court on April 22,2014, on May 4,2013 McManus was arrested for drunken driving, leaving the scene of an accident, and refusing a chemical test in Narragansett, Rhode Island. After the alleged accident, the person involved in the collision followed him. McManus was reportedly arrested about 20 minutes after the accident and he later stated, I made a terrible error in judgment by driving after having consumed alcohol with dinner. There is no excuse for the mistake I made, only a commitment to make amends, more importantly, I ask forgiveness from the good people whom I serve, as well as my family and friends, in the Diocese of Worcester and the Diocese of Providence. Bio on Diocesan website Official site of the Holy See
34.
Robert C. Evans
–
Robert Charles Evans, is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church serving as auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Providence. Robert C. Evans was assigned for priestly formation at the Pontifical North American College, Rome and he was ordained on July 2,1973. Monsignor Evans was appointed Titular Bishop of Aquae Regiae and Auxiliary to the Bishop of the Diocese of Providence on October 15,2009 by Benedict XVI and he was consecrated a bishop on December 15,2009
35.
St. Joseph Parish, Central Falls
–
St. Joseph Parish is designated for Polish immigrants in Central Falls, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1905, it is one of the Polish-American Roman Catholic parishes in New England in the Diocese of Providence, the current building was designed in 1915 by Providence architect John F. OMalley in the Gothic Revival style. A History of the Poles in America to 1908, Part III, the Catholic University of America Press. The 150th Anniversary of Polish-American Pastoral Ministry, the Official Catholic Directory in USA Official site of the Holy See St. Joseph - Diocesan information St. Joseph - ParishesOnline. com St. Joseph Parish History - Central Falls RI
36.
St. Matthew's Church (Central Falls, Rhode Island)
–
St. Matthews Church, currently known as the Holy Spirit Parish, is an historic Roman Catholic church at 1030 Dexter Street in Central Falls, Rhode Island located within the Diocese of Providence. The stone church was designed by Walter F. Fontaine and completed in 1929 and its design was based on French Gothic styling. It is built of Weymouth granite, with limestone trim, the interior is richly decorated, and features artwork by Guido Nincheri and stained glass windows by Mommejean de Paris. The church was built to serve the growing French-Canadian population of Central Falls, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979
37.
Our Lady of Czestochowa Parish, Coventry
–
Our Lady of Czestochowa Parish - designated for Polish immigrants in Coventry, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1905, it is one of the Polish-American Roman Catholic parishes in New England in the Diocese of Providence, in 1905, the Bishop of the Diocese of Providence Matthew Harkins sent Father Francis Kluger to organize the parish. On October 22,1905, Fr. Francis Kluger began celebrating Mass in the basement of St. Johns Church, john M. Nowicki arrived in Quidnick on November 2,1906. The Gothic style edifice of the church with a capacity of 400 was completed in the spring of 1907. As an expression of their love and devotion to the Mother of God. The church was blessed and dedicated by Bishop Harkins on April 21,1907, franciszek Chalupka of Webster, Massachusetts, was also present at this solemn occasion. A History of the Poles in America to 1908, Part III, the Catholic University of America Press. The 150th Anniversary of Polish-American Pastoral Ministry, the Official Catholic Directory in USA Official site of the Holy See Our Lady of Czestochowa - Diocesan information Our Lady of Czestochowa - ParishesOnline. com
38.
Saint Paul Church (Cranston, Rhode Island)
–
Saint Paul Church, located in Cranston, Rhode Island, is a parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence, Rhode Island. Founded in 1907 in the Edgewood section of Cranston, Saint Pauls has continued to grow for nearly 100 years and has developed into a vibrant and diverse faith community. The founding pastor, Father Michael McCabe, resolved that a permanent Church would not be built until a school had been erected for the education of the children of the parish. The building of the school preceded the completion of the church by several years, Father McCabes firm conviction that a Catholic education should be accessible to all lives on in the present day mission of Saint Paul School. Saint Paul Parish boasts a church in the neo-gothic style, begun in 1929. The glass was designed by the important firm of Earl Edward Sanborn of Boston, apart from a convenient worship schedule and lively music ministry, Saint Paul Church offers a variety of opportunities for young and old alike, in service and education. The Faith Formation program is devoted to the formation of the parish children and teens. A special Liturgy of the Word for pre-school aged children is also celebrated on Sundays, several community service opportunities and outreach programs aid the mission of Saint Paul Church to effect change in the community and to build up the Body of Christ. Spiritual formation opportunities also abound, with several opportunities each year for adult retreats or nights of recollection, seasonal devotions, such as the Rosary and the Stations of the Cross, and weekly Eucharistic Adoration also round out Saint Pauls spiritual life. Saint Paul Church is currently served by Father Adam Young, Pastor, Paul Shea, Deacon Assistant, Catholic Church in the United States Index of Catholic Church articles Catholic parish church Pastoral care St. Pauls Church Official site of the Holy See Saint Paul Church website
39.
St. Mary's Church (Newport, Rhode Island)
–
St. Marys Church is a historic Roman Catholic church complex at 14 William Street in Newport, Rhode Island within the Diocese of Providence. The complex includes three buildings, the brownstone Gothic Revival church, the house, formerly a school. The church was built in 1848-52, to a design by renowned Brooklyn architect Patrick C, the engineer for its construction was U. S. Army Lieutenant William S. Rosecrans who would rise to the rank of Major General in the American Civil War. In 1865 the school was directly east of the church. During the 1880s, the church built two new buildings, neither of which are included in this nomination, a convent was built in 1880-81, designed by local architect Dudley Newton. In 1991 that building was moved from its site at Spring and Gidley Streets to its current location at 398 Thames Street, Dudley also designed a rectory in 1886, which burned in 1921. A new rectory, designed by Ambrose J. Murphy, was built on the site in 1924-25. In 1937, both church and school were altered by architect John F. Hogan, in 1967, in order to comply with Vatican II, East Providence architect Milton R. Kenyon further altered the church. The parish congregation was founded in 1828, and was the first Roman Catholic parish established in the state, in 1953 Senator John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier were married at St. Marys. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008
