1.
Stade Jean-Bouin (Paris)
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The Stade Jean-Bouin is a multi-purpose stadium in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France. It hosted the Paris Sevens tournament of the IRB Sevens World Series in 2005 and 2006, it will return for the 2015-16 season. Before its temporary closure for a project that began in summer 2010, it seated 12,000 people, and is named after the athlete Jean Bouin. The stadium reopened in 2013 with seating for 20,000 spectators, to accommodate the expansion, Stade Français moved its primary home ground to Stade Sébastien Charléty, also in Paris, for 2010–11. The semi-finals, third-place match, and the finals of the 2014 Womens Rugby World Cup were held at Stade Jean-Bouin, the stadium is right next to the Parc des Princes, the home of Paris Saint Germain. Renovation information | Aerial view with the renovated Stade Jean-Bouin to the right, to the left is the Parc des Princes
Stade Jean-Bouin (Paris)
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Stade Jean-Bouin
2.
Stade de France
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The Stade de France is the national stadium of France, just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Its seating capacity of 81,338 makes it the sixth-largest stadium in Europe, the stadium is used by the France national football team and French rugby union team for international competition. Originally built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, the name was recommended by Michel Platini. On 12 July 1998, France defeated Brazil 3–0 in the 1998 FIFA World Cup Final contested at the stadium, the facility also hosted the Race of Champions auto race in 2004,2005, and 2006. The stadium hosted the 2003 World Championships in Athletics and since 1999 it has hosted the annual Meeting Areva athletics meet and it also hosted some matches at UEFA Euro 2016, including the final, where France lost to Portugal by 1-0 after extra-time. Domestically, the Stade de France serves as a secondary home facility of Parisian rugby clubs Stade Français and Racing Métro 92, the facility is owned and operated by the Consortium Stade de France. The discussion of a stadium in France came about as a result of the countrys selection to host the 1998 FIFA World Cup on 2 July 1992. As a result of the selection, the country and the France Football Federation made a commitment to construct an 80 and it was the first time in over 70 years since the construction of the Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir that a stadium in France was being constructed for a specific event. Due to the magnitude and importance of the facility, the Council of State was allowed first hand approach to how the stadium would be constructed and paid for. The stadiums design was handled by the team of architects composed of Michel Macary, Aymeric Zublena, Regembal Michel, and Claude Costantini who were associated with CR SCAU Architecture. The stadium was ready for construction following the governments selection of manufacturers, Bouygues, Dumez, and SGE. With only 31 months to complete the stadium, construction commenced on 2 May 1995, the laying of the first cornerstone took place five months later on 6 September. After over a year of construction, over 800, 000m ² of earthworks had been created, the installation of the roof, which cost €45 million, and the mobile platform also took more than a year to complete. During the developmental phase, the stadium was referred to in French as the Grand Stade, on 4 December 1995, the Ministry of Sport launched a design competition to decide on a name for the stadium. The stadium was named the Stade de France after the Ministry heard a proposal from French football legend Michel Platini. The stadium was inaugurated on 28 January 1998 as it hosted a match between France and Spain. The total cost of the stadium was approximately €290 million, the national rugby teams first match in the facility was contested five days after its opening, on 2 February, with France earning a 24–17 win over England in front of 77,567 spectators. Philippe Bernat-Salles converted the first ever try at the stadium scoring it in the 11th minute of play, on 24 May 2000, the Stade de France hosted the 2000 UEFA Champions League Final
Stade de France
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UEFA
Stade de France
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Stade de France with uncovered athletics track during the
2003 World Championships
Stade de France
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The last part of the metallic construction of the roof, 1997
3.
Sergio Parisse
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Sergio Parisse is an Italian rugby union player. He was the first Italian rugby union player to be nominated for the IRB International Player of the Year and he has captained French team Stade Français and is current captain of the Italy national rugby union team. Parisse is widely considered one of the greatest number eights of modern rugby, Parisse was born in La Plata, Argentina, to Italian parents. His father, also Sergio, played for LAquila where he won the Italian Club Championships in 1967 before his job with Alitalia took him to Argentina in 1970, Sergio Junior was born in 1983 and played his early rugby for La Plata. His family spoke Italian at home and every year Sergio would go on holiday to Italy, Parisse moved to Italy and joined Treviso where he played for four years. He joined his Italian team mates Mauro Bergamasco and Mirco Bergamasco at French giants Stade Français in 2005. A number 8 of great handling ability, Parisses positional sense in the lineout and he was capped at the age of just 18 by then Italy coach John Kirwan, in a 64–10 defeat against New Zealand in Hamilton, New Zealand in June 2002. Parisse scored his first Test try against Canada in the 2003 Rugby World Cup, though Italy failed to make it beyond the pool stage of the 2007 Rugby World Cup, Parisse played well. Parisse continued his form into the 2008 Six Nations Championship, Parisse won his 50th cap for Italy against England in the 2008 Six Nations Championship at the age of 24. Parisse is also the Italian captain, appointed in 2008 by Nick Mallett in place of Marco Bortolami, in September 2008 Parisse was nominated for IRB International Player of the Year alongside Dan Carter, Ryan Jones, Shane Williams and Mike Blair. Parisse missed most of the 2009–10 Top 14 season with a knee injury that ruled him out of the 2010 Six Nations Championship. Parisse captained Italy in the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand, Italy finished third in their group, one place short of qualification, after two losses against Australia and Ireland on top of their two wins against USA and Russia. Parisse scored a total of two tries at the tournament and he captained Italy in the 2012 Six Nations Championship. Italy had a championship with losses against France, Wales, England and Ireland. The following week Italy lost 33-10 to Scotland in an performance at Murrayfield. Parisse missed Italys match with Wales on the 23 February 2013 due to abusing a referee in a game with Stade Francais. Italy struggled without their captain and lost 26-9, Parisse returned for Italys next game against England and despite England being massive favourites Italy put in a competitive display to only lose by seven points, 18-11. In the last week of the championship Italy beat Ireland for the first time ever in a match on a margin of 22 -15 making it one of Italys most successful Six Nations ever
Sergio Parisse
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Sergio Parisse
Sergio Parisse
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Sergio Parisse jumps to catch an up and under during a warm up session in Toulouse
4.
Top 14
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The Top 14 is a rugby union club competition that is played in France created in 1892. The Top 14 is at the top of the league system operated by the French National Rugby League. There is promotion and relegation between the Top 14 and the level down, the Rugby Pro D2. The fourteen best rugby teams in France participate in the competition, the competition was previously known as the Top 16. The first ever took place in 1892, between two Paris-based sides, Stade Français and Racing Club, with the latter becoming the inaugural champions. The competition has been held on a basis since, except from 1915 to 1919—because of World War I—and from 1940 to 1942—because of World War II. Toulouse is the most successful club in the competition with 19 titles, the first competition was held in 1892, as a one-off championship game between the Racing Club de France and Stade Français. The Racing Club defeated Stade Français four points to three to win the first ever title, though the stadistes got their revenge the following year in a repeat of the final, the match official for that first final was Pierre de Coubertin. Stade Français would go on to win a number of titles thereafter, the 1897 and 1898 series were awarded on a points system after a round-robin. Although the competition was called the French championship, entry was confined to Parisian clubs. The 1899 season was the first to clubs from outside of Paris, and led to Stade Bordelais winning the final that season. The competition was won by a number of different clubs before World War I, with teams like FC Lyon, Stade Toulousain, Aviron Bayonnais. Due to the war, operations were suspended for a number of years, in its place, a competition known as the Coupe de lEspérance was held which consisted mostly of young boys who had not yet been drafted. The competition was four times but is not normally considered a full championship. The normal competition returned for the 1920 season, and Stadoceste Tarbais became the first post-war champions, during the 1920s Stade Toulousain would create its now famous rugby history, winning five championships during the decade. USA Perpignan would also win two championships, during the 1930s the championship game was held only in Bordeaux and Toulouse. The 1930 championship game won by Agen over US Quillan, was the first final to go into extra-time and it would also see Toulon and Lyon OU win their first championship games. During the latter part of the decade, RC Narbonne, CS Vienne and Perpignan all won titles, after the war the championship final returned to Paris, and was played at Parc des Princes for the next four seasons
Top 14
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Final ASM vs
Stade Français
Top 14
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Top 14
5.
Rugby union equipment
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A traditional rugby union kit consists of a collared jersey, shorts, jockstrap / compression shorts, long rugby socks and boots with studs. Some modest padding is allowed on the head, shoulders and collarbone, most players also opt to wear a mouthguard to guard against concussion and chipping of the teeth. Traditionally, rugby boots were of a cut above the ankle. Over the years, such boots have become common, although many players still wear mid-cut boots. Additional ankle support was seen as appropriate given the nature of the game, particularly the stresses of forward play, higher cut boots also provided some protection against knocks. Modern boots are now similar to football boots, with a low cut offering less ankle support. It is essential for safety considerations, particularly in the scrum, the studs may be metal or plastic and must conform to Regulation 12 of World Rugby. This regulation dictates the permissible dimensions of the studs and also defines a standard for the hardness of the material, backs would be advised, on most ground types, to wear boots with some form of stud, to ensure adequate grip when changing direction. Referees are required to all players studs before a game. Any studs that are worn down so that the steel fixing is showing must be changed before the player is allowed to join in the game. The intent of the standard and these pre-match checks is to eliminate the potential for a stud to cause a cut if it comes into contact with a players skin, generally there are two types of stud pattern worn, the 8 stud or the 6 stud. The 8 stud is most often worn by the forwards to provide them with extra grip for scrummaging and mauling. The 6 stud is worn by backs as it allows for more agility, plastic blade studs, common in football, are an increasingly frequent choice among backs. Tackle bags are use during training and warm up in rugby union, tackle bags are padded equipment which allows players to tackle without another player being involved. Tackle bags come in two forms, the shield and the tackle bag. The rucking shield is held in the hand of a coach or fellow player, the tackle bag stands on the ground held loosely by another person, it allows the tackler to practice a full tackle
Rugby union equipment
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Famous Rugby Jerseys, early 1920s boys magazine illustration of the playing stripes of the top clubs and countries.
6.
Rugby union
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Rugby union, known in some parts of the world simply as rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is between two teams of 15 players using a ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line. Historically an amateur sport, in 1995 restrictions on payments to players were removed, World Rugby, originally the International Rugby Football Board and from 1998 to 2014 the International Rugby Board, has been the governing body for rugby union since 1886. Rugby union spread from the Home Nations of Great Britain and Ireland, early exponents of the sport included Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and France. Countries that have adopted rugby union as their de facto national sport include Fiji, Georgia, Madagascar, New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, Rugby union is played in over 100 countries across six continents, there are 101 full members and 18 associate members of World Rugby. The Rugby World Cup, first held in 1987, takes place four years with the winner of the tournament receiving the Webb Ellis Cup. The Six Nations Championship in Europe and The Rugby Championship in the Southern Hemisphere are major annual competitions. The origin of football is reputed to be an incident during a game of English school football at Rugby School in 1823. Although the evidence for the story is doubtful, it was immortalised at the school with a plaque unveiled in 1895, despite the doubtful evidence, the Rugby World Cup trophy is named after Webb Ellis. Rugby football stems from the form of game played at Rugby School, Old Rugbeian Albert Pell, a student at Cambridge, is credited with having formed the first football team. During this early period different schools used different rules, with pupils from Rugby. Other important events include the Blackheath Clubs decision to leave the Football Association in 1863, despite the sports full name of rugby union, it is known simply as rugby throughout most of the world. The first rugby football international was played on 27 March 1871 between Scotland and England, by 1881 both Ireland and Wales had representative teams, and in 1883 the first international competition, the Home Nations Championship had begun. 1883 is also the year of the first rugby tournament, the Melrose Sevens. During the early history of union, a time before commercial air travel. The first two notable tours both took place in 1888—the British Isles team touring New Zealand and Australia, followed by the New Zealand team touring Europe, All three teams brought new styles of play, fitness levels and tactics, and were far more successful than critics had expected. After Morgan began singing, the crowd joined in, the first time a national anthem was sung at the start of a sporting event, in 1905 France played England in its first international match
Rugby union
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South African
Victor Matfield takes a line-out against New Zealand in 2006.
Rugby union
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Rugby School in
Rugby, Warwickshire, with a rugby football pitch in the foreground
Rugby union
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James Ryan, captain of the New Zealand Army team, receiving the Kings Cup from George V.
Rugby union
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Sébastien Chabal (far left) in number eight position before entering the scrum.
7.
XVIe arrondissement
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The 16th arrondissement of Paris is one of the 20 arrondissements of Paris, the capital city of France. It includes a concentration of museums between the Place du Trocadéro and the Place dIéna, the Bois de Boulogne, the second-largest public park in Paris, is also located in this arrondissement. The land area of this arrondissement is 16.305 km2, excluding the Bois de Boulogne, its land area is 7.846 km2. It is the largest arrondissement in Paris in terms of land area, the 16th arrondissement population peaked in 1962, when it had 227,418 inhabitants. At the last census, the population was 169,372, the 16th arrondissement contains a great deal of business activity, in 1999 it hosted 106,971 jobs. It is also the arrondissement in Paris to be divided into two separate postal codes. The southern part of the arrondissement carries a postal code of 75016, four Fortune Global 500 have their head offices in this arrondissement, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Kering, Lafarge, and Veolia. In addition Lagardère and Technip have their headquarters in this arrondissement, at one time Aérospatiale had its head office in the arrondissement. This scene was shot on Avenue dEylau in the 16th arrondissement, a notorious serial murder case, which generated an international media circus, centered in the 16th arrondissement during the Nazi occupation of France during World War II. The focal point of the case was French doctor Marcel Petiot, on 11 March 1944, Petiots neighbors complained to police of a foul stench in the area and of large amounts of smoke billowing from a chimney of the house. Fearing a chimney fire, the police summoned firemen, who entered the house, in the fire, and scattered in the basement, were human remains. Following an investigation, during which time Petiot attempted to evade capture and he was convicted of 26 counts of murder and sentenced to death. On 25 May, Petiot was beheaded, after a stay of several days due to a problem in the mechanism of the guillotine. International schools, Russian Embassy School of Paris, on the grounds of the Russian Embassy in Paris, colegio Español Fecerico García Lorca, a Spanish international primary school owned by the Spanish government The Spanish secondary school, Liceo Español Luis Buñuel, is located in Neuilly sur Seine. The two campuses of the International School of Paris Kingsworth International School The Université Paris-Dauphine is in the arrondissement, the renowned classes préparatoires establishment Intégrale, Institut denseignement supérieur privé have one of their campuses in the arrondissement. The École de langue japonaise de Paris, a supplementary Japanese education programme, is held at the École Maternelle et Primaire Saint Francois dEylau in the 16th arrondissement, the school has its offices at the Association Amicale des Ressortissants Japonais en France in the 8th arrondissement. Media related to Paris 16e arrondissement at Wikimedia Commons 16th arrondissement travel guide from Wikivoyage
XVIe arrondissement
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Apartment buildings in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
XVIe arrondissement
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Paris and its closest suburbs
XVIe arrondissement
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Stade Français rugby union fans at the
Parc des Princes
XVIe arrondissement
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View of Place du Trocadéro
8.
Pierre de Coubertin
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Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin was a French educator and historian, and founder of the International Olympic Committee. He is considered the father of the modern Olympic Games, born into a French aristocratic family, he became an academic and studied a broad range of topics, most notably education and history. The Pierre de Coubertin medal is a given by the International Olympic Committee to athletes that demonstrate the spirit of sportsmanship in the Olympic Games. Pierre de Frédy was born in Paris on 1 January 1863 into an aristocratic family and he was the fourth child of Baron Charles Louis de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin and Marie–Marcelle Gigault de Crisenoy. His paintings often centred on themes related to the Roman Catholic Church, classicism, and nobility and his memoirs elaborated further, describing as a pivotal moment his disappointment upon meeting Henri, Count of Chambord, whom the elder Coubertin believed to be the rightful king. But while these events were the setting of his childhood, his experiences were just as formative. This suggests that despite his rebelliousness at home, Coubertin adapted well to the rigors of a Jesuit education. As an aristocrat, Coubertin had a number of paths from which to choose. But he chose instead to pursue a career as an intellectual, studying and later writing on a range of topics, including education, history, literature. The subject which he seems to have been most deeply interested in was education, and his study focused in particular on physical education, in 1883, he visited England for the first time, and studied the program of physical education instituted by Thomas Arnold at the Rugby School. Coubertin credited these methods with leading to the expansion of British power during the 19th century, the inclusion of physical education in the curriculum of French schools would become an ongoing pursuit and passion of Coubertins. In fact, Coubertin is thought to have exaggerated the importance of sport to Thomas Arnold, nonetheless, Coubertin was an enthusiast in need of a cause and he found it in England and in Thomas Arnold. Thomas Arnold, the leader and classic model of English educators, wrote Coubertin, playing fields sprang up all over England. Intrigued by what he had read about English public schools, in 1883, at the age of twenty, Fredy went to Rugby and he described the results in a book, LEducation en Angleterre, which was published in Paris in 1888. This hero of his book is Thomas Arnold, and on his visit in 1886. What Coubertin saw on the fields of Rugby and the other English schools he visited was how “organised sport can create moral and social strength”. Not only did organised games help to set the mind and body in equilibrium, First developed by the ancient Greeks, it was an approach to education that he felt the rest of the world had forgotten and to whose revival he was to dedicate the rest of his life. As a historian and a thinker on education, Coubertin romanticised ancient Greece, Coubertin advocated for these concepts, this triple unity, to be incorporated into schools
Pierre de Coubertin
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Pierre de Coubertin in 1925
Pierre de Coubertin
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Pierre de Coubertin as a child (right), with one of his sisters, painted by his father
Charles Louis de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin (detail of Le Départ, 1869).
Pierre de Coubertin
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Statue at
Lausanne
Pierre de Coubertin
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Pierre de Coubertin on a 2013 Russian stamp from the series "Sports Legends"
9.
Stade Bordelais UC
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Union Bordeaux Bègles is a French rugby union team playing in the Top 14, the first level of the countrys professional league system. They earned their Top 14 place by winning the playoffs that followed the 2010–11 season in the second-level Rugby Pro D2. Upon promotion to the Top 14 in 2011, they were assured a place in the European Challenge Cup, in 2015, they earned their European Champions Cup place, after winning the European playoffs against Gloucester Rugby in Worcester. They were founded in 2006 as a result of a merger between two Bordeaux clubs, Stade Bordelais and Club Athlétique Bordeaux-Bègles Gironde and they are based in Bordeaux, and play at the Stade Chaban-Delmas. The two teams which amalgamated cumulated nine championship titles of France, seven for the Stade Bordelais, since 2006 and the amalgamation, the club competed in Pro D2 until winning the 2011 promotion playoffs. UBB drew a home attendance of 23,689 in the 2014/2015 Top 14 season. The Stade Bordelais was a large national Rugby team at the end of the 19th, the CA Béglais did not reach soaring highs before the First World War, finally gaining two French Championships in 1969 and 1991 and then taking part in the first European Rugby Cup in 1995. The transition into the new millennium was hard, the club was relegated to the Pro D2 at the conclusion of the 2002–03 season, then into the Fédérale 1 division, while Stade Bordelais took the opposite direction and reached Pro D2. In 2005, a plan to both clubs was created, in spite of strong opposition by both clubs supporters. There was strong insight from former players who pushed for a result of pooling the assets of the two clubs. One of the arguments frequently employed in favour of fusion was that the companies did not know which club to promote. On 10 March 2006, Bordeaux Rugby Metropolis was created and this association gathered a network of local companies eager to imply themselves in the formation of a large club in Bordeaux. Under the influence of the association, the dissensions between the two clubs were partly alleviated. A union was sealed, in the shape of a Professional Sporting Public Limit Company, only the professional squads were actually merged, as each club has kept its youth teams to this day. The new team took the place of the Stade Bordelais in the Pro D2, the training centre of Bègles is particularly strong and will hopefully provide players to the top grades. For their first seasons, the team profited from a budget of €3.6 million, frederic Martini remained one year as the president of USBCABBG before yielding his place to Laurent Marti, entrepreneur bergeracois at the start of the 2006 season. The new president has contributed to finalising where the Unions home ground would be, Laurent Marti contributed largely to increase the clubs budget, passing it from €3.8 million in 2007–08 to €4.2 million 2008–09. The ambition is to rediscover the clubs form in a short-term
Stade Bordelais UC
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Union Bordeaux Bègles
10.
Stade toulousain
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Stade Toulousain, also referred to as Toulouse, is a French rugby union club from Toulouse in Occitania. Toulouse is arguably one of the finest rugby clubs in the world and they were also runners-up in 2004 and 2008 against London Wasps and Munster, respectively. Stade Toulousain have also won a record 19 French Championship titles and it is traditionally one of the main providers for the French national team. Their home ground is the Stade Ernest-Wallon, however, big Top 14 matches along with Heineken Cup games are often played at the Stadium Municipal de Toulouse. The club colours are red, black and white, before 1907 rugby in Toulouse was only played in schools or universities. In 1893, students of secondary school Lycée de Toulouse got together in les Sans Soucis, once attending university the same students founded lOlympique Toulousain, which became Stade Olympien des Etudiants de Toulouse a few years later in 1896. In the same period, non-students grouped in le Sport Atléthique Toulousain while students of the school created lUnion Sportive de lEcole Vétérinaire. Both entities merged in 1905 and called themselves Véto-Sport, finally in 1907, Stade Toulousain was founded resulting from a union between the SOET and Véto-Sport. Stade Toulousain played its first final of the national title French Championship in 1909, in 1912 Stade Toulousain won its first national title. It had to wait until 1922 before it won its second, however the 1920s were a golden era for the club. Their first final action in the 1920s was in 1921, when they were defeated by USA Perpignan, despite losing in 1921, the side went on to win the 1922,1923,1924,1926 and 1927 championships. The following decades were relatively quiet after such a dominant era during the 1920s, Stade Toulousain would not make it to any grand finals during the 1930s, and it would not be until the late 1940s when they would return. However they did contest the Challenge Yves du Manoir with RC Toulon in 1934, though it ended in a nil-all tie, the club made it to the final of the 1947 championship, and claimed the premiership, beating SU Agen,10 to 3. However, no such championships followed, the club was relatively quiet on the championship. It was 22 years in the waiting, Toulouse made it to the final, in 1971 Toulouse contested the Challenge Yves du Manoir against US Dax, losing 18 to 8. Eleven years after the CA Bègles defeat, the club was again disappointed in the final, the latter end of the decade was however, reminiscent of the 1920s sides. Toulouse were again contesting the Challenge Yves du Manoir for the 1984 season and they did however claim their first championship since 1947, defeating RC Toulon in the 1985 final. The following season saw them successfully defend their championship, defeating SU Agen in the final, after a number of defeats in the Challenge Yves du Manoir finals, Toulouse defeated US Dax to win the 1988 competition
Stade toulousain
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The 1912
French champion.
Stade toulousain
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Stade Toulousain
Stade toulousain
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Stade Français vs Stade toulousain which took place in Stade de France, Paris, 27 January 2007
Stade toulousain
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Against the Racing club de France, 1912
11.
Toulouse
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Toulouse is the capital city of the southwestern French department of Haute-Garonne, as well as of the Occitanie region. The city lies on the banks of the River Garonne,150 kilometres from the Mediterranean Sea,230 km from the Atlantic Ocean and it is the fourth-largest city in France with 466,297 inhabitants in January 2014. The Toulouse Metro area is, with 1312304 inhabitants as of 2014, Frances 4th metropolitan area after Paris, Lyon and Marseille and ahead of Lille and Bordeaux. Toulouse is the centre of the European aerospace industry, with the headquarters of Airbus, the Galileo positioning system, the SPOT satellite system, the Airbus Group, ATR and the Aerospace Valley. The city also hosts the European headquarters of Intel and CNESs Toulouse Space Centre, thales Alenia Space, and Astrium Satellites, Airbus Groups satellite system subsidiary, also have a significant presence in Toulouse. The University of Toulouse is one of the oldest in Europe and, with more than 103,000 students, is the fourth-largest university campus in France, after the Universities of Paris, Lyon and Lille. The air route between Toulouse Blagnac and Paris Orly is the busiest in Europe, transporting 2.4 million passengers in 2014, according to the rankings of LExpress and Challenges, Toulouse is the most dynamic French city. It is now the capital of the Occitanie region, the largest region in metropolitan France, sernin, the largest remaining Romanesque building in Europe, designated in 1998 because of its significance to the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage route. Toulouse is in the south of France, north of the department of Haute-Garonne, the city is traversed by the Canal de Brienne, the Canal du Midi and the rivers Garonne, Touch and Hers-Mort. Toulouse has a subtropical climate which can be qualified as submediterranean due to its proximity to the Mediterranean climate zone. The Garonne Valley was a point for trade between the Pyrenees, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic since at least the Iron Age. The historical name of the city, Tolosa, it is of unknown meaning or origin, possibly from Aquitanian, or from Iberian, Tolosa enters the historical period in the 2nd century BC, when it became a Roman military outpost. After the conquest of Gaul, it was developed as a Roman city of Gallia Narbonensis. In the 5th century, Tolosa fell to the Visigothic kingdom and became one of its cities, in the early 6th century even serving as its capital. From this time, Toulouse was the capital of Aquitaine within the Frankish realm, in 721, Duke Odo of Aquitaine defeated an invading Umayyad Muslim army at the Battle of Toulouse. Odos victory was an obstacle to Muslim expansion into Christian Europe. Charles Martel, a later, won the Battle of Tours. The Frankish conquest of Septimania followed in the 750s, and a quasi-independent County of Toulouse emerged within the Carolingian sub-kingdom of Aquitaine by the late 8th century
Toulouse
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Montage of Toulouse Top: Pont Saint Pierre and
Garonne River Middle:
Place du Capitole,
Pont Neuf Bottom:
Capitole de Toulouse, Ariane 5 at
Cité de l'espace,
Médiathèque José Cabanis
Toulouse
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Vomitorium at the Roman amphitheatre in Toulouse
Toulouse
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Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse was a leader of the
First Crusade
Toulouse
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The
Capitole de Toulouse is an example of the 18th-century architectural projects in the city.
12.
Heineken Cup
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The European Rugby Champions Cup is an annual rugby union tournament organised by European Professional Club Rugby. It is the competition for clubs whose countries national teams compete in the Six Nations Championship. Clubs qualify for the Champions Cup via their final positions in their respective national/regional leagues, introduced in 2014, the competition replaced the Heineken Cup, which had run since 1995, following disagreements between its shareholders over the structure and governance of the competition. Saracens are the current holders of the cup, having won their first cup by beating Racing 92 in the 2016 final, Toulouse have won the competition a record four times, the last of which was in 2010. The Heineken Cup was launched in the summer of 1995 on the initiative of the then Five Nations Committee to provide a new level of cross border competition. Twelve sides representing Ireland, Wales, Italy, Romania and France competed in four pools of three with the winners going directly into the semi-finals. English and Scottish teams did not take part in the inaugural competition, from an inauspicious beginning in Romania, where Toulouse defeated Farul Constanţa 54–10 in front of a small crowd, the competition gathered momentum and crowds grew. Toulouse went on to become the first European cup winners, eventually beating Cardiff in extra time in front of a crowd of 21,800 at Cardiff Arms Park, clubs from England and Scotland joined the competition in 1996–97. European rugby was further expanded with the advent of the European Challenge Cup for teams that did not qualify for the Heineken Cup, the Heineken Cup now had 20 teams divided into four pools of five. Only Leicester and Brive reached the stages with 100 per cent records and ultimately made it to the final, Cardiff. After 46 matches, Brive beat Leicester 28–9 in front of a crowd of 41,664 at Cardiff Arms Park, the season 1997–98 saw the introduction of a home and away format in the pool games. The five pools of four teams, which guaranteed each team a minimum of six games, Brive reached the final again but were beaten late in the game by Bath with a penalty kick. Ironically, English clubs had decided to withdraw from the competition in a dispute over the way it was run, without English clubs, the 1998–99 tournament revolved around France, Italy and the Celtic nations. Sixteen teams took part in four pools of four, French clubs filled the top positions in three of the groups and for the fourth consecutive year a French club, in the shape of Colomiers from the Toulouse suburbs, reached the final. Despite this it was to be Ulsters year as they beat Toulouse and reigning French champions Stade Français on their way to the final at Lansdowne Road, Ulster then carried home the trophy after a 21–6 win over Colomiers in front of a capacity 49,000 crowd. For the first time clubs from four different nations – England, Ireland, France, munsters defeat of Toulouse in Bordeaux ended Frances record of having contested every final and Northampton Saints victory over Llanelli made them the third English club to make it to the final. The competition was decided with a final between Munster and Northampton, with Northampton coming out on top by a point to claim their first major honour. England supplied two of the 2000–01 semi-finalists – Leicester Tigers and Gloucester – with Munster and French champions Stade Français also reaching the last four
Heineken Cup
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Munster fans watch their team on a jumbo screen on the streets of Limerick. Munster won the 2005–06 Cup and were runners-up twice before.
Heineken Cup
Heineken Cup
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London Wasps celebrate after winning the
2006–07 Heineken Cup
13.
Bernard Laporte
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Bernard Laporte is a rugby union coach and former French Secretary of State for Sport. He was the coach at Toulon, having taken over in 2011 from Philippe Saint-André. Laporte himself is a head coach of France, serving in that role from 1999 to 2007. He was previously the coach at Stade Français and he was the first fully professional head coach of France. On december 3rd 2016, Bernard Laporte has been elected president of the French Rugby Federation, Laporte played rugby union at scrum-half and won the French Under-21 championship with UA Gaillac in 1983 and then again in 1984, in which he was captain. Seven years later he captained Begles-Bordeaux to the French championship, laportes first coaching role was in the early 1990s, when he was assistant coach of the Stade Bordelais University club between 1993 and 1995. He took over at Stade Français in 1995, who were in the division at the time. He took them right up to the first division in three seasons, winning the respective championships, the club were crowned champions of France in 1998, when they defeated USA Perpignan 34–7 at Stade de France. Laporte took over as coach of the national team at the end of 1999. His first task was the 2000 Six Nations Championship, the first of its format, Laporte drew on the experience of the 1999 Rugby World Cup, where France had been losing finalists. Laporte named Fabien Pelous as captain, in Frances first game under Laporte, they defeated Wales 36–3. France ended up winning three of their five matches which saw them finish second, behind winner England, Laporte became renowned for his commitment to improving discipline, he even suspended captain Fabien Pelous once for foul play. Laporte said that discipline was not only important for team morale, if a player goes into the sinbin, his teammates have to fill in for him. I wanted to realise that by being yellow-carded he simply punishes his own team and we are talking about the future of our sport and if we want rugby to become more successful and more media friendly, we have to take a hard line on violence. The following season, France fell to fifth place in the 2001 Six Nations Championship, however, the following year, Laporte took France to victory in the 2002 Six Nations Championship – not only winning the tournament, but completing a grand slam. After the massive success at the 2002 Six Nations, France fell to third place in the subsequent tournament, France finished top of their pool at the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia winning all four of their pool matches. France then defeated Ireland 43–21 in the quarter-finals to move into the semi-finals and they were defeated 24–7 by England in the semi-final and moved on to the third/fourth place play-off, which they lost to the All Blacks, and thus finished fourth at the World Cup. After the strong showing at the World Cup, France reproduced their Six Nations success of 2002 at the 2004 Six Nations Championship, France won all five of their matches to win the tournament and complete another grand slam
Bernard Laporte
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Bernard Laporte
Bernard Laporte
14.
USA Perpignan
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Union Sportive des Arlequins Perpignanais, generally referred to as USA Perpignan, is a French rugby union club that plays in the city of Perpignan in Pyrénées-Orientales. The club currently competes in the Rugby Pro D2, the level of the French league system. The club was founded in 1902 as AS Perpignan, renamed US Perpignan in 1919, Perpignan plays at Stade Aimé Giral. The club wears red and gold colours derived from the Catalan Senyera, the club was established in 1902 as AS Perpignan. It would be in 1914 that the club would go on to make its first ever final appearance, on 3 May, Perpignan defeated Stadoceste Tarbais 8–7 at Stade des Ponts Jumeaux in Toulouse in front of 15,000 people. Several of these champions were killed some months later in World War I and, to honour their sacrifice, four years after the championship in 1914, the club was renamed as US Perpignan. Under the new name, US Perpignan made it to the final of the French championship three seasons after the change. On 17 April 1921, Perpignan defeated Stade Toulousain 5–0 at Parc des Sports de Sauclières in Béziers, three seasons later, the finalists of 1921 would meet again in the final of 1924, though this time Toulouse won the game 3–0 in Bordeaux. The success continued throughout the 1920s, and following the defeat of the 1924 season. They faced US Carcassonne in Narbonne, and defeated them 5–0 to win the 1925 Championship, for the third season in a row, US Perpignan made it to the final. The opponents were Stade Toulousain once again, the two sides had defeated each other once in a final in recent years. After their prominence in the mid-1920s, Perpignans final appearance in 1926 was their last for nearly a decade, Perpignans next final appearance came in 1935 against Biarritz at Stade des Ponts Jumeaux in Toulouse on the 12th of May, with Biarritz winning 3–0. That season they won the Challenge Yves du Manoir. Three seasons later Perpignan were again involved in the Championship final against Biarritz, the final was played on 8 May, and this time, Perpignan defeated Biarritz, winning 11–6 to claim their first Championship since 1921. They were also runners-up of the Challenge Yves-du-Manoir that same season as well, the success continued throughout the late 1930s, with Perpignan again being runners-up of the Challenge Yves du Manoir in 1936. It was also the 1936 season that Biarritz and Perpignan would face off in the Championship, both of Perpignans last two final appearances were against Biarritz, and both Perpignan and Biarritz had won one each against each other. The final took place on 30 April, and Biarritz turned out to be victorious, two years later, Perpignan were in the final of the Challenge Yves du Manoir, but became runners-up. Their next final appearance would not be until the season of 1944, Perpignan played Aviron Bayonnais at Parc des Princes in Paris on 26 March to decide who would be the champions of France
USA Perpignan
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Perpignan fans at a home game
USA Perpignan
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Perpignan
USA Perpignan
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USA Perpignan during a
Heineken Cup match
15.
France national rugby union team
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The France national rugby union team represents France in rugby union. They compete annually against England, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and they have won the championship outright sixteen times, shared it a further eight times, and have completed nine grand slams. Eight former French players have been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame, Rugby was introduced to France in 1872 by the British, and on New Years Day 1906 the national side played its first Test match – against New Zealand in Paris. France played sporadically against the Home Nations until they joined them to form a Five Nations tournament in 1910, France also competed in the rugby competitions at early Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal in 1900 and two silver medals in the 1920s. The national team came of age during the 1950s and 1960s and they won their first Grand Slam in 1968. Since the inaugural World Cup in 1987, France have qualified for the stage of every tournament. They have reached the three times, losing to the All Blacks in 1987 and 2011 and to Australia in 1999. France hosted the 2007 Rugby World Cup, where, as in 2003, France traditionally play in blue shirts with white shorts and red socks, and are commonly referred to as les tricolores or les bleus. The French emblem is a golden rooster imposed upon a red shield and their alternative strip is composed of a white shirt and navy blue shorts and socks. Rugby was introduced to France in 1872 by English merchants and students, on 26 February 1890, a French rugby team recruited from the Janson Desailly Lyceum defeated an international team at the Bois de Boulogne. Although France were represented at the 1900 Summer Olympics, their first official test match did not take place till New Years Day,1906 against the New Zealand All Blacks in Paris. France then played intermittently against the Home Nations until they joined them to form the Five Nations tournament in 1910, in 1913 France faced South Africas Springboks for the first time, losing 38–5. France also competed at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics, France were ejected from the Five Nations in 1932 after being accused of professionalism in the French leagues at a time when rugby union was strictly amateur. Forced to play against weaker opposition, France went on a winning streak, France was invited to rejoin the Five Nations in 1939 but did not compete until 1947 as international rugby was suspended during World War II. French rugby came of age during the 1950s and 1960s, they won their first Five Nations championship and their first championship was won in 1954 when they shared the title with England and Wales. France won their first outright Five Nations championship in 1959, they won with two wins, a draw and a defeat, France first toured South Africa winning the test series in 1958. The Springboks also visited Paris in 1961, the test was not completed due to fighting amongst the players. France also toured New Zealand and Australia in 1961 losing both tests against the All Blacks but defeating Australias Wallabies and they won their first Five Nations Grand Slam in 1968 by beating all four other competing teams, and won numerous titles in the following years
France national rugby union team
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France playing Wales during the
Six Nations Championship.
France national rugby union team
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France
France national rugby union team
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The jersey of the French rugby team, with the traditional
Gallic rooster symbol
France national rugby union team
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France hosting the
All Blacks at the
Stade de France which is in
Saint-Denis, Paris
16.
Leicester Tigers
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Leicester Tigers is an English rugby union club based in Leicester, England that plays in the English Premiership. Leicester have also appeared in a record nine successive Premiership finals, the Tigers have never finished a league season below 6th position, and are one of only four teams never to have been relegated from the top division. The clubs first game was a draw on 23 October against Moseley at the Belgrave Road Cycle. That first season Tigers play a local fixture list against the likes of Northampton, Nuneaton, Rushden, Kettering, Market Harborough, in 1881 the club joined the Midlands Counties Football Association enabling them to enter the Midlands Counties Cup the next season. Tigers first ever cup game was a loss to Edgbaston Crusaders. This inauspicious start to the cup continued with losses to Moseley in each of the three seasons. In 1888 Tigers fixture list started to expand outside the midlands, the 1888-89 season saw Tigers welcome back Manningham as well as Oldham and Swinton, Cardiff Harlequins became the clubs first Welsh opponents. Leicester also reached their first Midland Counties Cup Final that year losing, again, 1889-90 saw Tigers travel to Wales for the first time playing Cardiff and Newport on consecutive days, the Monday and Tuesday of Easter week. Gloucester were added to the fixture list in 1891-92, whilst on 13 February Tigers played in London for the first time, on 10 September 1892 Leicester played their first game at their present ground, Welford Road, against a Leicestershire XV. That season saw derby matches produce attendances up to 7,000 whilst 10,000 saw Leicester lose 12-0 to Coventry in the round of the Midlands Counties Cup. Tom Crumbie was appointed secretary on 2 August 1895, a position he held for the next 33 years. Crumbie has been credited with dragging the club to prominence, he disbanded reserve and third teams making the First XV an invitation side. During his tenure 26 players from the club became capped at international level, Jones was forced to miss the final on medical grounds but Tigers still took home the cup for the first time winning 5-3. The only score coming from Percy Oscroft after only 3 minutes, in the final Nuneaton were beaten 20-3. For the next three seasons Leicester had the better of Moseley beating them in the each year, before seeing off Rugby in the final of 1903. Moseley were defeated again in 1904, Nottingham beaten 31-0 in 1905, having won the Midlands Counties Cup every year from 1898 to 1905, they dropped out to give other teams a chance. In 1903 Jack Miles became the first home produced England international and he had come to prominence scoring 43 tries in 52 appearances. In 1908 the club had three players selected for the 1908 Anglo-Welsh tour of New Zealand, John Jackett, Tom Smith and Fred Jackson became the first Tigers selected for an overseas tour
Leicester Tigers
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E. Redman, Leicester captain in 1895.
Leicester Tigers
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Leicester Tigers
Leicester Tigers
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Martin Johnson and Graham Rowntree during the friendly match vs. Bath in 2007.
Leicester Tigers
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Leicester Tigers playing against Leinster in 2008.
17.
Parc des Princes
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The Parc des Princes is an all-seater football stadium in Paris, France. The stadium, with a capacity of 48,583 spectators, has been the home pitch of Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain since 1974. Before the opening of the Stade de France in 1998, it was also the home arena of the French national football, the Parc des Princes pitch is surrounded by four covered all-seater stands, officially known as the Présidentielle Francis Borelli, Auteuil, Paris and Boulogne Stands. Conceived by architect Roger Taillibert, the current version of the Parc des Princes officially opened on 4 June 1972, the stadium is the third to have been built on the site, the first opening its doors in 1897 and the second following in 1932. The Parisians recorded their highest average attendance during the 2015–16 season. Meanwhile, the record home attendance was registered in 1983. However, the French national rugby team holds the stadiums attendance record. They defeated Wales 31–12 in the 1989 Five Nations Championship in front of 50,370 spectators, originally, the site on which the pitch of Paris Saint-Germain stands was a hunting ground for members of the royal family in the 18th century, before the fall of the Bastille. This anecdote gave its name to the Stade Vélodrome du Parc des Princes, the “Princes’ Park” began its sporting history as a velodrome in the late 19th century. With 3,200 seats, the velodrome marked the history of cycling, the ground, which featured a cycling track until the end of the 1960s, was the finishing line for the final stage of the Tour de France from its first edition in 1903 until 1967. It also boasts a history as an international rugby venue. But it was not until 1903 that a football match was played at the Parc des Princes. In front of 984 paying spectators, a composed by the best Parisian players suffered a severe defeat to an England squad. Two years later, the French national football team contested their first ever match against Switzerland. However, the Parc des Princes lost protagonism with the construction of the Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir for the 1924 Summer Olympics. In 1925, the Paris City Council, which owns the Parc des Princes and this allowed the Société d’Exploitation Sports-Evénements of the Parc to carry out a thorough renovation of the sports arena. The stadium was expanded to 45,000 seats, including 26,000 covered, but the capacity was quickly reduced to 38,000 seats to improve comfort. In spite of that, Match magazine published A new grand stage at the gates of Paris in its front cover of 19 April 1932
Parc des Princes
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Parc des Princes
Parc des Princes
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Entrance to the Parc des Princes.
Parc des Princes
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PSG against
Borussia Dortmund in the
UEFA Europa League
18.
Biarritz Olympique
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Biarritz play in red and white colours. Biarritz won a number of honors, including the French championship on five occasions. Biarritz Olympique was formed in 1913 through a merger of the Biarritz Stade, Biarritz made their way to the final of the French championship for the first time in the 1934 season where they were defeated by Bayonne. The following season they claimed their first championship, defeating Perpignan in the final and that decade Biarritz met Perpignan twice again in the final, winning one and losing one. It would not be until 1992 when the club made the final again, the club won back-to-back titles in 2005 and 2006, and were runners-up in Europe in 2006 and 2010 as well. In 2013-14, Biarritz won just five out of 26. The history of the club back to the late 19th century. An athletic club, Biarritz Stade opened up a rugby quarter, in 1909, the Biarritz Sporting Club was established. On 26 April 1913, the fusion of the two took place. The new name of the club was Biarritz Olympique and its president was M. P. Campagne. It was the only all-Basque final and is still the final in which the two contenders were separated by the shortest distance, outside the finals of the late 19th century. A year later, Biarritz again found themselves in the final of the national championship and they emerged victorious, winning three points to nil, claiming their first ever national championship. The success continued in the stages of the decade. In the 1938 championship, Biarritz again met USAP in the final, though this time, the Perpignan club were able to get the win, Biarritz losing 11 points to six. A year later, the two met in the final again, with Biarritz coming out as the better club on the day, winning six points to nil. But for almost 50 years, Biarritz was not going to feature prominently in the French league and it was not until the late 1980s that BO, as it is nicknamed, was going to reach the top again. In 1989 Biarritz contested their first Challenge Yves du Manoir final since the 1937 season, however, they were defeated by RC Narbonne 18–12 in the final. In 1992, Biarritz made it to the final, played at Parc des Princes in Paris
Biarritz Olympique
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Celebrations after Biarritz' 2006 championship win over Toulouse.
Biarritz Olympique
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Biarritz Olympique
Biarritz Olympique
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Basque flag with BOPB logo in a house of Biarritz
Biarritz Olympique
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Rabagny (mascot)
19.
Stade Toulousain
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Stade Toulousain, also referred to as Toulouse, is a French rugby union club from Toulouse in Occitania. Toulouse is arguably one of the finest rugby clubs in the world and they were also runners-up in 2004 and 2008 against London Wasps and Munster, respectively. Stade Toulousain have also won a record 19 French Championship titles and it is traditionally one of the main providers for the French national team. Their home ground is the Stade Ernest-Wallon, however, big Top 14 matches along with Heineken Cup games are often played at the Stadium Municipal de Toulouse. The club colours are red, black and white, before 1907 rugby in Toulouse was only played in schools or universities. In 1893, students of secondary school Lycée de Toulouse got together in les Sans Soucis, once attending university the same students founded lOlympique Toulousain, which became Stade Olympien des Etudiants de Toulouse a few years later in 1896. In the same period, non-students grouped in le Sport Atléthique Toulousain while students of the school created lUnion Sportive de lEcole Vétérinaire. Both entities merged in 1905 and called themselves Véto-Sport, finally in 1907, Stade Toulousain was founded resulting from a union between the SOET and Véto-Sport. Stade Toulousain played its first final of the national title French Championship in 1909, in 1912 Stade Toulousain won its first national title. It had to wait until 1922 before it won its second, however the 1920s were a golden era for the club. Their first final action in the 1920s was in 1921, when they were defeated by USA Perpignan, despite losing in 1921, the side went on to win the 1922,1923,1924,1926 and 1927 championships. The following decades were relatively quiet after such a dominant era during the 1920s, Stade Toulousain would not make it to any grand finals during the 1930s, and it would not be until the late 1940s when they would return. However they did contest the Challenge Yves du Manoir with RC Toulon in 1934, though it ended in a nil-all tie, the club made it to the final of the 1947 championship, and claimed the premiership, beating SU Agen,10 to 3. However, no such championships followed, the club was relatively quiet on the championship. It was 22 years in the waiting, Toulouse made it to the final, in 1971 Toulouse contested the Challenge Yves du Manoir against US Dax, losing 18 to 8. Eleven years after the CA Bègles defeat, the club was again disappointed in the final, the latter end of the decade was however, reminiscent of the 1920s sides. Toulouse were again contesting the Challenge Yves du Manoir for the 1984 season and they did however claim their first championship since 1947, defeating RC Toulon in the 1985 final. The following season saw them successfully defend their championship, defeating SU Agen in the final, after a number of defeats in the Challenge Yves du Manoir finals, Toulouse defeated US Dax to win the 1988 competition
Stade Toulousain
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The 1912
French champion.
Stade Toulousain
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Stade Toulousain
Stade Toulousain
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Stade Français vs Stade toulousain which took place in Stade de France, Paris, 27 January 2007
Stade Toulousain
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Against the Racing club de France, 1912
20.
Kenzo Takada
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Kenzō Takada is a Japanese-French fashion designer. He is also the founder of Kenzo, a brand of perfumes, skincare products and clothes. Takadas love for fashion developed at an age, particularly through reading his sisters magazines. He shortly attended Kobe City University of Foreign Studies, where he felt bored and eventually withdrew, in 1958, he joined a fashion school, Tokyos Bunka Fashion College, which had then just opened its doors to male students. After earning his diploma, he settled in Paris in 1964 and he was trying to gain a place in the fashion environment, attending shows, making contacts with the media and selling sketches. Takadas first designs started because he could afford to buy his fabrics from flea sales. As a result, Takada had to mix many bold fabrics together to one garment. His success started in 1970, during this year he presented his first show at the Vivienne Gallery, his first store, Jungle Jap was opened and his collection was presented in New York City and Tokyo in 1971. The next year, he won the Fashion Editor Club of Japans prize and his first mens collection was launched in 1983. In 1988, his womens perfume line began with Kenzo de Kenzo, Parfum dété, Kenzo pour Homme was his first mens perfume. FlowerbyKenzo, launched in 2000, has become a flagship fragrance for the Kenzo Parfums brand. In 2001, a line, KenzoKI was also launched. Since 1993 the brand Kenzo is owned by the French luxury goods company LVMH, Takada announced his retirement in 1999 to pursue a career in art, leaving his assistants in charge of his fashion house. However, in 2005 he reappeared as a decoration designer presenting Gokan Kobo, after a few years off, he wanted to take a new direction, stating when I stopped working five years ago, I went on vacation, I rested, I traveled. And when I decided to again, I told myself it would be in decoration. Additionally, in 2013 Kenzo joined the Asian Couture Federation as the organisations inaugural Honorary President, official website of the Kenzo brand
Kenzo Takada
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高田賢三 Takada Kenzō
Kenzo Takada
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Bottle of the fragrance Flower by Kenzo
Alexandre Albouy
Nahuel Tetaz Chaparro
Patricio Noriega
Francis Fainifo
Paulo do Rio Branco
Robins Tchale-Watchou
Stan Wright
Mike James
James Haskell
Alex Rokobaro
Davit Kubriashvili
Constantin Henriquez
Mauro Bergamasco
John Akurangi
Brian Lima
Hugo Southwell
Falie Oelschig
Pablo Lemoine
Scott LaValla
