1.
Stagefright (bug)
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The phone number is the only target information. The Stagefright bug was discovered by Joshua Drake from the Zimperium security firm, prior to the announcement, Drake reported the bug to Google in April 2015, which incorporated a related bugfix into its internal source code repositories two days after the report. Legerov also confirmed that the vulnerabilities he discovered become unexploitable by applying the patches Drake submitted to Google, on August 13,2015, another Stagefright vulnerability CVE-2015-3864 was published by Exodus Intelligence. This vulnerability was not mitigated by existing fixes of already known vulnerabilities, CyanogenMod team published a notice that patches for CVE-2015-3864 have been incorporated in CyanogenMod 12.1 source on August 13,2015. On October 1,2015, Zimperium released details of further vulnerabilities and this vulnerability affects specially crafted MP3 and MP4 files that execute their payload when played using the Android Media server. The vulnerability has been assigned identifier CVE-2015-6602 and was found in a core Android library called libutils, Android 1.5 through 5.1 are vulnerable to this new attack and it is estimated that one billion devices are affected. While Google maintains the Androids primary codebase, firmware updates for various Android devices are the responsibility of wireless carriers, many of the unmaintained devices would need to be rooted, which violates the terms of many wireless contracts. Therefore, the nature of Stagefright bug highlights the technical and organizational difficulties associated with the propagation of Android patches, members of the ZHA also received source code of the Zimperiums proof-of-concept Stagefright exploit before it was publicly released. As of August 6,2015,25 of the largest Android device OEMs and wireless carriers have joined the ZHA.0 Ice Cream Sandwich, the version of Android 5.1 Lollipop includes patches against the Stagefright bug
2.
Fear
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Fear in human beings may occur in response to a specific stimulus occurring in the present, or in anticipation or expectation of a future threat perceived as a risk to body or life. The fear response arises from the perception of danger leading to confrontation with or escape from/avoiding the threat, in humans and animals, fear is modulated by the process of cognition and learning. Thus fear is judged as rational or appropriate and irrational or inappropriate, an irrational fear is called a phobia. Watson, Robert Plutchik, and Paul Ekman have suggested there is only a small set of basic or innate emotions. This hypothesized set includes such emotions as acute stress reaction, anger, angst, anxiety, fright, horror, joy, panic, and sadness. Fear is closely related to, but should be distinguished from, the emotion anxiety, the fear response serves survival by generating appropriate behavioral responses, so it has been preserved throughout evolution. Many physiological changes in the body are associated with fear, summarized as the fight-or-flight response and this primitive mechanism may help an organism survive by either running away or fighting the danger. With the series of changes, the consciousness realizes an emotion of fear. People develop specific fears as a result of learning and this has been studied in psychology as fear conditioning, beginning with John B. Watsons Little Albert experiment in 1920, which was inspired after observing a child with a fear of dogs. In this study, an 11-month-old boy was conditioned to fear a white rat in the laboratory, the fear became generalized to include other white, furry objects, such as a rabbit, dog, and even a ball of cotton. Fear can be learned by experiencing or watching a frightening traumatic accident, for example, if a child falls into a well and struggles to get out, he or she may develop a fear of wells, heights, enclosed spaces, or water. There are studies looking at areas of the brain that are affected in relation to fear, when looking at these areas, it was proposed that a person learns to fear regardless of whether they themselves have experienced trauma, or if they have observed the fear in others. In a study completed by Andreas Olsson, Katherine I and this suggests that fear can develop in both conditions, not just simply from personal history. Fear is affected by cultural and historical context, for example, in the early 20th century, many Americans feared polio, a disease that can lead to paralysis. There are consistent cross-cultural differences in how people respond to fear, display rules affect how likely people are to show the facial expression of fear and other emotions. Although many fears are learned, the capacity to fear is part of human nature, many studies have found that certain fears are much more common than others. These fears are also easier to induce in the laboratory and this phenomenon is known as preparedness
3.
Performance
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A performance, in the performing arts, generally comprises an event in which a performer or group of performers present one or more works of art to an audience. Usually the performers participate in rehearsals beforehand, the means of expressing appreciation can vary by culture. Chinese performers will clap with the audience at the end of a performance, in Japan, folk performing-arts performances commonly attract individuals who take photographs, sometimes getting up to the stage and within inches of performers faces. Sometimes the dividing line between performer and the audience may become blurred, as in the example of theatre where audience members get involved in the production. Theatrical performances can take place daily or at some other regular interval, performances can take place at designated performance spaces, or in a non-conventional space, such as a subway station, on the street, or in somebodys home. Theatrical performances, especially when the audience is limited to only a few observers and this increase takes place in several stages relative to the performance itself, including anticipatory activation, confrontation activation and release period. The same physiological reactions can be experienced in other mediums, such as instrumental performance, heart rate shares a strong, positive correlation with the self reported anxiety of performers. Other physiological responses to public performance include perspiration, secretion of the adrenal glands, a performance may also describe the way in which an actor performs. In a solo capacity, it may refer to a mime artist, comedian, conjurer. Audio electronics Entertainment Live sound mixing Performance science Rock festival Sound technology Spectacle Stadium Stagecraft Theater
4.
Audience
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An audience is a group of people who participate in a show or encounter a work of art, literature, theatre, music, video games, or academics in any medium. Audience members participate in different ways in different kinds of art, some events invite overt audience participation and others allowing only modest clapping and criticism, media audience studies have become a recognized part of the curriculum. Audience theory offers insight into audiences in general. These insights shape our knowledge of just how audiences affect and are affected by different forms of art, the biggest art form is the mass media. Films, video games, radio shows, software, and other formats are affected by the audience and its reviews, in the age of easy Internet participation and citizen journalism, professional creators share space, and sometimes attention, with the public. American journalist Jeff Jarvis said, Give the people control of media, the corollary, Dont give the people control of media, and you will lose. Whenever citizens can exercise control, they will, tom Curley, President of the Associated Press, similarly said, The users are deciding what the point of their engagement will be — what application, what device, what time, what place. In rhetoric, some depend on circumstance and situation, and are characterized by the individuals that make up the audience. Sometimes these audiences are subject to persuasion and engage with the ideas of the speaker, ranging in size and composition, this audience may come together and form a composite of multiple groups. An immediate audience is a type of audience that is composed of individuals who are subjects with a speaker. This audience directly listens to, engages with, and consumes the rhetorical text in an unmediated fashion, in measuring immediate audience reception and feedback, one can depend on personal interviews, applause, and verbal comments made during and after a rhetorical speech. In contrast to immediate audiences, mediated audiences are composed of individuals who consume rhetorical texts in a manner that is different from the time or place in which a speaker presents text. Audiences who consume texts or speeches through television, radio and Internet are considered mediated audiences because those mediums separate the rhetor and the audience. In measuring mediated audience reception and feedback, one can depend on opinion polls and ratings, as well as comments, theoretical audiences are imagined for the purpose of helping a speaker compose, practice, or a critic to understand, a rhetorical text or speech. The universal audience is an audience that serves as an ethical. The concept of the audience has received criticism for being idealistic because it can be considered as an impediment in achieving persuasive effect with particular audiences. Yet, it still may be useful as a guide for a speaker. An ideal audience is an imagined, intended audience
5.
Camera
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Thumb|A2016 Nikon D810 A camera is an optical instrument for recording or capturing images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both. The images may be individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies, the camera is a remote sensing device as it senses subjects without physical contact. The word camera comes from camera obscura, which means dark chamber and is the Latin name of the device for projecting an image of external reality onto a flat surface. The modern photographic camera evolved from the camera obscura, the functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye. A camera may work with the light of the spectrum or with other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A still camera is a device which creates a single image of an object or scene. All cameras use the basic design, light enters an enclosed box through a converging lens/convex lens. A shutter mechanism controls the length of time that light can enter the camera, a display, often a liquid crystal display, permits the user to view scene to be recorded and settings such as ISO speed, exposure, and shutter speed. A movie camera or a video camera operates similarly to a camera, except it records a series of static images in rapid succession. When the images are combined and displayed in order, the illusion of motion is achieved, the forerunner to the photographic camera was the camera obscura. The oldest known record of this principle is a description by Han Chinese philosopher Mozi, Mozi correctly asserted that the camera obscura image is inverted because light travels in straight lines from its source. In the 11th century Arab physicist Ibn al-Haytham s wrote very influential essays about experiments with light through an opening in a darkened room. The use of a lens in the opening of a wall or closed window shutter of a room to project images used as a drawing aid has been traced back to circa 1550. Since the late 17th century portable camera obscura devices in tents, before the development of the photographic camera, it had been known for hundreds of years that some substances, such as silver salts, darkened when exposed to sunlight. The first person to use this chemistry to create images was Thomas Wedgwood, to create images, Wedgwood placed items, such as leaves and insect wings, on ceramic pots coated with silver nitrate, and exposed the set-up to light. These images werent permanent, however, as Wedgwood didnt employ a fixing mechanism and he ultimately failed at his goal of using the process to create fixed images created by a camera obscura. The first permanent photograph of an image was made in 1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce using a sliding wooden box camera made by Charles. Niépce had been experimenting with ways to fix the images of a camera obscura since 1816, the photograph Niépce succeeded in creating shows the view from his window
6.
Job interview
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A job interview is a one-on-one interview consisting of a conversation between a job applicant and a representative of an employer which is conducted to assess whether the applicant should be hired. Interviews are one of the most popularly used devices for employee selection, a job interview typically precedes the hiring decision. The interview is usually preceded by the evaluation of submitted résumés from interested candidates, next, after this screening, a small number of candidates for interviews is selected. Potential job interview opportunities also include networking events and career fairs, the job interview is considered one of the most useful tools for evaluating potential employees. It also demands significant resources from the employer, yet has been demonstrated to be unreliable in identifying the optimal person for the job. An interview also allows the candidate to assess the corporate culture, multiple rounds of job interviews and/or other candidate selection methods may be used where there are many candidates or the job is particularly challenging or desirable. Earlier rounds sometimes called screening interviews may involve fewer staff from the employers and will typically be much shorter, an increasingly common initial interview approach is the telephone interview. This is especially common when the candidates do not live near the employer and has the advantage of keeping costs low for both sides, since 2003, interviews have been held through video conferencing software, such as Skype. Once all candidates have been interviewed, the employer typically selects the most desirable candidate, researchers have attempted to identify which interview strategies or constructs can help interviewers choose the best candidate. Research suggests that interviews capture a variety of applicant attributes. Constructs can be classified into three categories, job-relevant content, interviewee performance, and job-irrelevant interviewer biases, job-relevant interview content Interview questions are generally designed to tap applicant attributes that are specifically relevant to the job for which the person is applying. The job-relevant applicant attributes that the questions purportedly assess are thought to be necessary for one to perform on the job. The job-relevant constructs that have been assessed in the interview can be classified into three categories, general traits, experiential factors, and core job elements, the first category refers to relatively stable applicant traits. The second category refers to job knowledge that the applicant has acquired over time, the third category refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilities associated with the job. These behaviors may not be related to the constructs the interview questions were designed to assess. Applicants without realizing it may engage in a number of behaviors that influence ratings of their performance, the applicant may have acquired these behaviors during training or from previous interview experience. These interviewee performance constructs can also be classified into three categories, social skills, interpersonal presentation, and personal/contextual factors. These factors are not relevant to whether the individual can do the job, thus
7.
Blushing
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Blushing is the reddening of a persons face due to psychological reasons. It is normally involuntary and triggered by stress, such as that associated with embarrassment, anger. Severe blushing is common in people who suffer social anxiety in which the person experiences extreme and persistent anxiety in social and performance situations. Blushing is generally distinguished, despite a close relation, from flushing, which is more intensive and extends over more of the body. If redness persists for abnormal amounts of time after blushing, then it may be considered a sign of rosacea. Idiopathic craniofacial erythema is a condition where a person blushes strongly with little or no provocation. Just about any situation can bring on intense blushing and it may take one or two minutes for the blush to disappear, severe blushing can make it difficult for the person to feel comfortable in either social or professional situations. People who have social phobia are particularly prone to idiopathic craniofacial erythema, psychological treatments and medication can help control blushing. Some people are sensitive to emotional stress. Given a stimulus such as embarrassment, the sympathetic nervous system will cause blood vessels to open wide, flooding the skin with blood. In some people, the ears, neck and upper chest may also blush, as well as causing redness, blushing can sometimes make the affected area feel hot. Erythrophobia is the fear of blushing, from Ancient Greek, ερυθρός red and Ancient Greek, there is evidence that the blushing region is anatomically different in structure. The facial skin, for example, has more capillary loops per unit area, in addition, blood vessels of the cheek are wider in diameter, are nearer the surface, and visibility is less diminished by tissue fluid. Evidence for special vasodilation mechanisms was reported by Mellander and his colleagues and they studied buccal segments of the human facial veins in vitro. Unlike veins from other areas of the skin, facial veins responded with an active myogenic contraction to passive stretch and were able to develop an intrinsic basal tone. Additionally Mellander et al. showed that the veins in this area were also supplied with beta-adrenoceptors in addition to the common alpha-adrenoceptors. These beta-adrenoceptors could exert a dilator mechanism on the above-described basal tone of the facial cutaneous venous plexus, Mellander and his colleagues propose that this mechanism is involved in emotional blushing. Drummond has partially confirmed this effect by pharmacological blocking experiments, in a number of trials, he blocked both alpha-adrenergic receptors and beta-adrenergic receptors
8.
Epinephrine
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Epinephrine, also known as adrenalin or adrenaline, is a hormone, neurotransmitter and medication. Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons and it plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar. It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors and it is found in many animals and some one cell organisms. Jokichi Takamine first isolated epinephrine in 1901, as a medication it is used to treat a number of conditions, including anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and superficial bleeding. Inhaled epinephrine may be used to improve the symptoms of croup and it may also be used for asthma when other treatments are not effective. It is given intravenously, by injection into a muscle, by inhalation, common side effects include shakiness, anxiety, and sweating. A fast heart rate and high pressure may occur. Occasionally it may result in a heart rhythm. While the safety of its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear, the adrenal medulla is a minor contributor to total circulating catecholamines, though it contributes over 90% of circulating epinephrine. Little epinephrine is found in tissues, mostly in scattered chromaffin cells. Following adrenalectomy, epinephrine disappears below the limit in the blood stream. The adrenals contribute about 7% of circulating norepinephrine, most of which is a spill over from neurotransmission with little activity as a hormone, pharmacological doses of epinephrine stimulate α1, α2, β1, β2, and β3 adrenoceptors of the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathetic nerve receptors are classified as adrenergic, based on their responsiveness to adrenaline, the term adrenergic is often misinterpreted in that the main sympathetic neurotransmitter is norepinephrine, rather than epinephrine, as discovered by Ulf von Euler in 1946. Epinephrine does have a β2 adrenoceptor-mediated effect on metabolism and the airway, the concept of the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system being involved in the flight, fight and fright response was originally proposed by Cannon. But the adrenal medulla, in contrast to the cortex, is not required for survival. In adrenalectomized patients hemodynamic and metabolic responses to such as hypoglycemia. One physiological stimulus to epinephrine secretion is exercise and this was first demonstrated using the denervated pupil of a cat as an assay, later confirmed using a biological assay on urine samples. Biochemical methods for measuring catecholamines in plasma were published from 1950 onwards, the development of extraction methods and enzyme-isotope derivate radio-enzymatic assays transformed the analysis down to a sensitivity of 1 pg for epinephrine
9.
Fight-or-flight response
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The fight-or-flight response is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival. It was first described by Walter Bradford Cannon and his theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, preparing the animal for fighting or fleeing. More specifically, the adrenal medulla produces a cascade that results in the secretion of catecholamines. The hormones estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol, as well as the dopamine and serotonin. This response is recognized as the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome that regulates stress responses among vertebrates, the autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. This system is the mechanism in control of the fight-or-flight response. The sympathetic nervous system originates in the cord and its main function is to activate the physiological changes that occur during the fight-or-flight response. This component of the nervous system utilizes and activates the release of norepinephrine in the reaction. The parasympathetic nervous system originates in the spinal cord and medulla, physically surrounding the sympathetic origin. Its main function is to activate the rest and digest response and this system utilizes and activates the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The reaction begins in the amygdala, which triggers a response in the hypothalamus. The initial reaction is followed by activation of the pituitary gland, the adrenal gland is activated almost simultaneously and releases the hormone epinephrine. The release of chemical messengers results in the production of the hormone cortisol, which increases blood pressure, blood sugar, the initial response and subsequent reactions are triggered in an effort to create a boost of energy. This boost of energy is activated by binding to liver cells. Additionally, the circulation of cortisol functions to turn fatty acids into available energy, catecholamine hormones, such as adrenaline or noradrenaline, facilitate immediate physical reactions associated with a preparation for violent muscular action. Some of the physiological changes and their functions include, Increased blood flow to the muscles activated by diverting blood flow from other parts of the body. Increased blood pressure, heart rate, blood sugars, and fats in order to supply the body with extra energy, the blood clotting function of the body speeds up in order to prevent excessive blood loss in the event of an injury sustained during the response. Increased muscle tension in order to provide the body with extra speed, in the context of the fight or flight response, emotional regulation is used proactively to avoid threats of stress or to control the level of emotional arousal
10.
Fetal position
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Fetal position is the positioning of the body of a prenatal fetus as it develops. In this position, the back is curved, the head is bowed, and this position is used in the medical profession to minimize injury to the neck and chest. The fetal position has been observed in drug addicts, who enter the position when experiencing withdrawal, sufferers of anxiety are also known to assume the fetal position during panic attacks. Many people assume this position when sleeping, especially when the body becomes cold, assuming this position and playing dead is often recommended as a strategy to end a bear attack. Many baby mammals, especially rodents, remain in the position well after being born. The fetal position is one of the most comfortable and familiar positions to the human. Babies are most often found stretched out, however, because they do not have control of their limbs
11.
Blood vessel
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The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body. The word vascular, meaning relating to the vessels, is derived from the Latin vas. A few structures do not contain blood vessels and are labeled, tunica media, circularly arranged elastic fiber, connective tissue, polysaccharide substances, the second and third layer are separated by another thick elastic band called external elastic lamina. The tunica media may be rich in smooth muscle, which controls the caliber of the vessel. Veins dont have the external elastic lamina, but only an internal one, tunica adventitia, entirely made of connective tissue. It also contains nerves that supply the vessel as well as nutrient capillaries in the blood vessels. Capillaries consist of more than a layer of endothelium and occasional connective tissue. When blood vessels connect to form a region of diffuse vascular supply it is called an anastomosis, anastomoses provide critical alternative routes for blood to flow in case of blockages. There is a layer of muscle surrounding the arteries and the veins which help contract and this creates enough pressure for blood to be pumped around the body. Blood vessels are part of the system, together with the heart. They are roughly grouped as arterial and venous, determined by whether the blood in it is flowing away from or toward the heart. The term arterial blood is used to indicate blood high in oxygen. This is because they are carrying the blood to and from the lungs, respectively, blood vessels do not actively engage in the transport of blood, but arteries—and veins to a degree—can regulate their inner diameter by contraction of the muscular layer. This changes the flow to downstream organs, and is determined by the autonomic nervous system. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are also used antagonistically as methods of thermoregulation, oxygen is the most critical nutrient carried by the blood. In all arteries apart from the artery, hemoglobin is highly saturated with oxygen. In all veins apart from the vein, the hemoglobin is desaturated at about 75%. The blood pressure in blood vessels is traditionally expressed in millimetres of mercury, in the arterial system, this is usually around 120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic
12.
Oxygen
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Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen, at standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O2. This is an important part of the atmosphere and diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20. 8% of the Earths atmosphere, additionally, as oxides the element makes up almost half of the Earths crust. Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as a component of water, conversely, oxygen is continuously replenished by photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is too reactive to remain a free element in air without being continuously replenished by the photosynthetic action of living organisms. Another form of oxygen, ozone, strongly absorbs ultraviolet UVB radiation, but ozone is a pollutant near the surface where it is a by-product of smog. At low earth orbit altitudes, sufficient atomic oxygen is present to cause corrosion of spacecraft, the name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion. One of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air was conducted by the 2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium. In his work Pneumatica, Philo observed that inverting a vessel over a burning candle, Philo incorrectly surmised that parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire and thus were able to escape through pores in the glass. Many centuries later Leonardo da Vinci built on Philos work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration, Oxygen was discovered by the Polish alchemist Sendivogius, who considered it the philosophers stone. In the late 17th century, Robert Boyle proved that air is necessary for combustion, English chemist John Mayow refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus. From this he surmised that nitroaereus is consumed in both respiration and combustion, Mayow observed that antimony increased in weight when heated, and inferred that the nitroaereus must have combined with it. Accounts of these and other experiments and ideas were published in 1668 in his work Tractatus duo in the tract De respiratione. Robert Hooke, Ole Borch, Mikhail Lomonosov, and Pierre Bayen all produced oxygen in experiments in the 17th and the 18th century but none of them recognized it as a chemical element. This may have been in part due to the prevalence of the philosophy of combustion and corrosion called the phlogiston theory, which was then the favored explanation of those processes. Established in 1667 by the German alchemist J. J. Becher, one part, called phlogiston, was given off when the substance containing it was burned, while the dephlogisticated part was thought to be its true form, or calx. The fact that a substance like wood gains overall weight in burning was hidden by the buoyancy of the combustion products
13.
Pupillary response
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Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil, via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve. A constriction response, is the narrowing the pupil, or which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates/opioids or anti hypertension medications. A dilation response, is the widening the pupil and may be caused by agents or drugs such as MDMA, cocaine. Dilation of the pupil occurs when the cells of the radial muscle, controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. Constriction of the pupil occurs when the muscle, controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system. The pupils contract immediately before REM sleep begins, a pupillary response can be intentionally conditioned as a Pavlovian response to some stimuli. The latency of pupillary response increases with age, use of central nervous system stimulant drugs and some hallucinogenic drugs can cause dilation of the pupil. In ophthalmology, intensive studies of pupillary response are conducted via videopupillometry, anisocoria is the condition of one pupil being more dilated than the other. Dilated fundus examination Iris sphincter muscle Pupillary light reflex Pupillometry Pupilometer
14.
Al Jolson
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Al Jolson was an American singer, film actor, and comedian. At the peak of his career, he was dubbed The Worlds Greatest Entertainer and his performing style was brash and extroverted, and he popularized a large number of songs that benefited from his shamelessly sentimental, melodramatic approach. Numerous well-known singers were influenced by his music, including Bing Crosby, David Bowie, Bob Dylan, Rod Stewart, Dylan once referred to him as somebody whose life I can feel. Broadway critic Gilbert Seldes compared him to the Greek god Pan, claiming that Jolson represented the concentration of our national health, in the 1930s, Jolson was Americas most famous and highest-paid entertainer. Between 1911 and 1928, Jolson had nine sell-out Winter Garden shows in a row, more than 80 hit records, and 16 national and international tours. Although he is best remembered today as the star of the first talking picture, The Jazz Singer, after the attack on Pearl Harbor, he was the first star to entertain troops overseas during World War II. After a period of inactivity, his stardom returned with The Jolson Story, for which Larry Parks played Jolson, the formula was repeated in a sequel, Jolson Sings Again. In 1950, he became the first star to entertain GIs on active service in the Korean War. He died just weeks after returning to the U. S. partly owing to the exertion of performing. Defense Secretary George Marshall posthumously awarded him the Medal of Merit, According to the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, Jolson was to jazz, blues, and ragtime what Elvis Presley was to rock n roll. Being the first popular singer to make a spectacular event out of singing a song and his specialty was performing on stage runways extending out into the audience. According to music historian Larry Stempel, No one had heard anything quite like it before on Broadway, author Stephen Banfield agreed, writing that Jolsons style was arguably the single most important factor in defining the modern musical. Jolson also enjoyed performing in blackface makeup, a convention since the mid-19th century. With his unique and dynamic style of singing black music, such as jazz and blues, as early as 1911, he became known for fighting against black discrimination on Broadway. Al Jolson was born as Asa Yoelson in the Jewish village of Srednik now known as Seredžius, near Kaunas in Lithuania, then part of the Russian Empire. He was the fifth and youngest child of Moses Rubin Yoelson and Nechama Naomi Cantor, his four siblings were Rose, Etta, another sister who died in infancy, and Hirsch. Jolson claimed not to know when he was born, and later chose to claim he was born on May 26,1886. His one-time sister-in-law, Margaret Weatherwax, claimed Jolson was the age as their father, Ralph
15.
Brian Wilson
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Brian Douglas Wilson is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer best known for being the multi-tasking leader and co-founder of the rock band the Beach Boys. After signing with Capitol Records in 1962, Wilson wrote or co-wrote more than two dozen Top 40 hits for the group, in the mid-1960s, Wilson composed, arranged and produced Pet Sounds, considered one of the greatest albums ever made. The intended follow-up to Pet Sounds, Smile, was canceled for various reasons, as he suffered repeated nervous breakdowns, Wilsons contributions to the Beach Boys diminished, and his erratic behavior led to tensions with the band. He remains a member of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Incorporated, Wilsons work with the Beach Boys helped raise pop music to the level of high art. Wilson effectively set a precedent that allowed bands and artists to enter a recording studio and his songs became inextricably tied with the zeitgeist of the early 1960s, and he helped develop the sound of the wistful Flower Power era that proceeded. In later years, Wilson was regarded as a godfather to an era of musicians who were inspired by his melodic sensibilities, chamber pop orchestrations. His honors include being inducted into the 1988 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and winning Grammy Awards for Brian Wilson Presents Smile and The Smile Sessions. In lists published by Rolling Stone, Wilson ranked 52 for the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time in 2008 and 12 for the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time in 2015. In 2012, music publication NME ranked Wilson number 8 in its 50 Greatest Producers Ever list and he is an occasional actor and voice actor, having appeared in television shows, films, and other artists music videos. His life was portrayed in the 2014 biopic Love & Mercy, Brian Douglas Wilson was born on June 20,1942, at Centinela Hospital in Inglewood, California, the son of Audree Neva and Murry Wilson. He was the eldest of three boys, his brothers were Dennis and Carl. He has English, Swedish, Dutch, German, and Irish ancestry, when Brian was two, the family moved from Inglewood to 3701 West 119th Street in nearby Hawthorne, California. Murry Wilson said, He was very clever and quick, I just fell in love with him. At about age two, Brian heard George Gershwins Rhapsody in Blue, which had an emotional impact on him. A few years later, he was discovered to have diminished hearing in his right ear. The exact cause of hearing loss is unclear, though theories range from him simply being born partially deaf to a blow to the head from his father, or a neighborhood bully. While Brians father Murry was ostensibly a reasonable provider, he was often abusive, a minor musician and songwriter, he also encouraged his children in this field in numerous ways. At an early age, Brian was given six weeks of lessons on a toy accordion and, at seven and eight, at Hawthorne High School, Brian was on the football team as a quarterback, played baseball and was a cross-country runner in his senior year
16.
Virginia O'Brien
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Virginia Lee OBrien was a popular American actress, singer, and radio personality known for her comedic roles in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer musicals of the 1940s. OBrien primarily performed in comedic roles during the height of her film career. She made her Broadway debut in the short-lived musical Keep Off The Grass with Jimmy Durante and she also recorded several sides for Decca Records, including two of her signature songs – The Wild, Wild West and Say Were Sweethearts Again. She made two appearances after this, Francis in the Navy and a brief appearance in the 1976 Walt Disney Studios comedy. In 1984 she created an act, Virginia OBrien Salutes the Great MGM Musicals, which was recorded at the Masquers Club in Hollywood. She performed several times at clubs as Hollywoods Roosevelt Hotel Cinegrill. Bar and Grill and the Gardenia, as well as the Plush Room in San Francisco and she continued to perform well into the 1990s with both her one-woman show and a production of Show Boat co-starring Alan Young, and also headlined The Fabulous Palm Springs Follies. She died aged 81 in Woodland Hills, California from natural causes and she is buried at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. Virginia OBrien, The Diva of Deadpan
17.
Michael Gambon
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Sir Michael John Gambon CBE is an Irish-born English actor who has worked in theatre, television and film. He has won four BAFTA TV Awards and three Olivier Awards, Gambon was born in Cabra, Dublin, during World War II. His father, Edward Gambon, was an engineer, and his mother and his father decided to seek work in the rebuilding of London, and so the family moved to Mornington Crescent in north London, when Gambon was five. His father had him made a British citizen, a decision that would later allow Gambon to receive a substantive, rather than honorary, knighthood, brought up as a strict Roman Catholic, he attended St Aloysius Boys School in Somers Town and served at the altar. He then moved to St Aloysius College in Hornsey Lane, Highgate, London and he later moved to North End, Kent, and attended Crayford Secondary School, before leaving with no qualifications at fifteen. He then gained an apprenticeship with Vickers Armstrong as a toolmaker, by the time he was 21, he was a qualified engineer. He kept the job for a year, acquiring a fascination and passion for collecting antique guns, clocks, watches. At age 24, Gambon wrote a letter to Micheál Mac Liammóir and it was accompanied by a CV describing a rich and wholly imaginary theatre career – and he was taken on. Gambon made his professional stage début in the Gate Theatre Dublins 1962 production of Othello, playing Second Gentleman, followed by a European tour. Gambon, along with Robert Stephens, Derek Jacobi and Frank Finlay, was hired as one of the to be renowned and played any number of small roles, appearing on cast lists as Mike Gambon. The company initially performed at the Old Vic, their first production being Hamlet, directed by Olivier and starring Peter OToole. Gambon played for four years in many NT productions, including named roles in The Recruiting Officer and The Royal Hunt of the Sun, working with directors William Gaskill, after three years at the Old Vic, Olivier advised Gambon to gain experience in provincial rep. In 1967, he left the NT for the Birmingham Repertory Company, Gambon was suggested for the role of James Bond in On Her Majestys Secret Service, although he was dismissed for being even less known than George Lazenby who was cast. His rise to fame began in 1974 when Eric Thompson cast him as the vet in Alan Ayckbourns The Norman Conquests at Greenwich. A speedy transfer to the West End established him as a actor, squatting at a crowded dining table on a tiny chair. He is also one of the few actors to have mastered the demands of the vast Olivier Theatre, as Simon Callow once said, Gambons iron lungs and overwhelming charisma are able to command a sort of operatic full-throatedness which triumphs over hard walls and long distances. This was to him in good stead in John Dexters masterly staging of The Life of Galileo in 1980. Hall called him unsentimental, dangerous and immensely powerful, and The Sunday Times called his performance a decisive step in the direction of great tragedy, Great acting, while fellow actors paid him the rare compliment of applauding him in the dressing room on the first night
18.
Lorde
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Ella Marija Lani Yelich-OConnor, better known by her stage name Lorde, is a New Zealand singer-songwriter and record producer. Born in Takapuna and raised in Devonport, Auckland, she became interested in performing as a child, in her early teens, she signed with Universal Music Group and was later paired with songwriter and record producer Joel Little, who has co-written and produced most of Lordes works. Her first major release, The Love Club EP, was released commercially in March 2013, the EP reached number two on the national record charts in both New Zealand and Australia. In mid-2013, Lorde released her debut single Royals and it became an international crossover hit and made Lorde the youngest solo artist to achieve a US number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 since 1987. In late 2013, she released her studio album, Pure Heroine. The record topped the charts in New Zealand and Australia. Its following singles included Tennis Court, Team, No Better and Glory, in 2014, Lorde released Yellow Flicker Beat as a single from the soundtrack for The Hunger Games, Mockingjay – Part 1. Lordes music consists of such as dream pop and indietronica. She has earned two Grammy Awards, a Brit Award and ten New Zealand Music Awards, in 2013, she was named among Times most influential teenagers in the world, and in the following year, she was part of Forbess 30 Under 30 list. Of Croatian and Irish descent, Ella Yelich-OConnor was born in Takapuna to Vic OConnor, an engineer, and Sonja Yelich. She was raised in the suburb of Devonport with her two sisters, Jerry and India, and her brother, Angelo. At age five, she joined a group and developed public speaking skills. At that same time, Lorde was attending Vauxhall School and later Belmont Intermediate School and her mother encouraged her to read a range of genres, which Lorde cited as a lyrical influence, I guess my mum influenced my lyrical style by always buying me books. Shed give me a mixture of kid and adult books too, I remember reading Feed by M. T. Anderson when I was six, and her giving me Salinger and Carver at a young age, Lorde played netball at a young age alongside Vauxhall classmate Eliza McCartney, who later became an Olympic bronze medallist in the pole vault. In May 2009, Lorde and musician friend Louis McDonald won the Belmont Intermediate School annual talent show as a duo, on August 13,2009, Lorde and McDonald were invited in for a chat on Jim Moras Afternoons show on Radio New Zealand. There, they performed covers of Pixie Lotts Mama Do and Kings of Leons Use Somebody, in 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development. While working on her career, she attended Takapuna Grammar School from 2010 to 2013
19.
Jason Alexander
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Jay Scott Greenspan, known by his stage name Jason Alexander, is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and director. Alexander is best known for his prominent role as George Costanza in the television series Seinfeld, Other well-known roles include Phillip Stuckey in the film Pretty Woman and the title character in the animated series Duckman. Alexander has had a career on stage, appearing in several Broadway musicals including Jerome Robbins Broadway in 1989. He appeared in the Los Angeles production of The Producers and he was the Artistic Director of Reprise. Broadways Best in Los Angeles, where he has directed several musicals, Alexander was born in Newark, New Jersey, the son of Jewish parents Ruth Minnie, a nurse and health care administrator, and Alexander B. He has a half-sister, Karen Van Horne, and a half-brother, Alexander grew up in Livingston, New Jersey and is a 1977 graduate of Livingston High School. He attended Boston University but left the summer before his senior year and he was later given an honorary degree in 1995. He is a magician, and only switched to acting as a career when he realized that he was unlikely to succeed as a magician. Alexander began his career on the New York stage and is an accomplished singer and dancer. Returning to the stage in 2003, Alexander was cast in a run, opposite Martin Short. Alexander also appeared with Kelsey Grammer in the 2004 musical adaptation of Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol, Alexander was recently named the Artistic Director of Reprise Theatre Company in Los Angeles, where he previously directed Sunday in the Park with George. He is scheduled to direct the revival of Damn Yankees at Reprise. In 2015, he replaced Larry David as the lead in Davids Broadway play Fish in the Dark, Alexander is best known as one of the key cast members of the award-winning television sitcom Seinfeld, in which he played George Costanza. He did, however, win a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series for his work, before Seinfeld, he starred in a short-lived CBS sitcom called Everythings Relative in 1987 which lasted six episodes. Concurrently with his Seinfeld role, Alexander provided the voice of the character in the cult animated series Duckman. Alexander also voiced Catbert, the director of human resources. Alexander made cameo appearances in the season of Curb Your Enthusiasm. Alexander also appeared in the season of Curb Your Enthusiasm
20.
Mose Allison
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Mose John Allison Jr. was an American jazz and blues pianist, singer, and songwriter. He became notable for playing a mix of blues and modern jazz. After moving to New York in 1956, he worked primarily in jazz settings, playing with musicians like Stan Getz, Al Cohn. He is described as having one of the finest songwriters in 20th-century blues. His songs were strongly dependent on evoking moods, with his individualistic, quirky and his writing influence on R&B had well-known fans recording his songs, among them Pete Townshend, who recorded his Young Man Blues for the Whos Live At Leeds album in 1970. John Mayall was one of dozens who recorded his classic, Parchman Farm, others who recorded his songs included Leon Russell and Bonnie Raitt. The 1980s saw an increase in his popularity with new fans drawn to his unique blend of modern jazz, in the 1990s he began recording more consistently. Van Morrison and Ben Sidran collaborated with him on an album, Tell Me Something. The Pixies wrote the song Allison as a tribute, Allisons music had an important influence on other performers, such as Tom Waits, Jimi Hendrix, the Yardbirds, the Rolling Stones, and Pete Townshend. He was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2006, Allison was born outside Tippo, Mississippi, on his grandfathers farm, known as the Island, because Tippo Bayou encircles it. He took piano lessons at 5, picked cotton, played piano in school and trumpet in high school. Allison attended the University of Mississippi for a while and then enlisted in the U. S. Army for two years. Shortly after mustering out, he enrolled at Louisiana State University, in 1956, Allison moved to New York City and launched his jazz career, performing with artists such as Stan Getz, Gerry Mulligan, Al Cohn, Zoot Sims, and Phil Woods. His debut album, Back Country Suite, was issued by Prestige in 1957 and he formed his own trio in 1958, with Addison Farmer on bass and Nick Stabulas on drums. It was not until 1963 that his record label allowed him to release an album entirely of vocals. Entitled Mose Allison Sings, it was a compilation of songs from his previous Prestige albums that paid tribute to artists of the Mojo Triangle, Sonny Boy Williamson, Jimmy Rogers, however, an original composition on the album brought him the most attention, Parchman Farm. For more than two decades, Parchman Farm was his most requested song and he dropped it from his playlist in the 1980s because some critics felt it was politically incorrect. Allison explained in an interview, I dont do the cotton sack songs much anymore and you go to the Mississippi Delta and there are no cotton sacks
21.
Maya Angelou
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Maya Angelou was an American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist. She published seven autobiographies, three books of essays, several books of poetry, and was credited with a list of plays, movies and she received dozens of awards and more than 50 honorary degrees. Angelou is best known for her series of seven autobiographies, which focus on her childhood, the first, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, tells of her life up to the age of 17 and brought her international recognition and acclaim. She was an actor, writer, director, and producer of plays, movies, in 1982, she earned the first lifetime Reynolds Professorship of American Studies at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. She was active in the Civil Rights Movement and worked with Martin Luther King Jr. beginning in the 1990s, she made around 80 appearances a year on the lecture circuit, something she continued into her eighties. With the publication of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and she was respected as a spokesperson for black people and women, and her works have been considered a defense of black culture. Her works are used in schools and universities worldwide although attempts have been made to ban her books from some U. S. libraries. Angelous most celebrated works have been labeled as fiction. She made an attempt to challenge the common structure of the autobiography by critiquing, changing and expanding the genre. Her books center on themes such as racism, identity, family and travel. Marguerite Annie Johnson was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on April 4,1928, the child of Bailey Johnson, a doorman and navy dietitian, and Vivian Johnson. Angelous older brother, Bailey Jr. nicknamed Marguerite Maya, derived from My or Mya Sister, four years later, the childrens father came to Stamps without warning and returned them to their mothers care in St. Louis. At the age of eight, while living with her mother, Angelou was sexually abused and raped by her mothers boyfriend and she told her brother, who told the rest of their family. Freeman was found guilty but was jailed for one day. Four days after his release, he was murdered, probably by Angelous uncles, Angelou became mute for almost five years, believing, as she stated, I thought, my voice killed him, I killed that man, because I told his name. And then I thought I would never again, because my voice would kill anyone. Shortly after Freemans murder, Angelou and her brother were sent back to their grandmother, Angelou credits a teacher and friend of her family, Mrs. Bertha Flowers, with helping her speak again. When Angelou was 14, she and her brother moved in with their once again
22.
David Brenner
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David Norris Brenner was an American stand-up comedian, actor and author. The most frequent guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson in the 1970s and 1980s, Brenner was born to Jewish parents in 1936 and raised in poor areas of South and West Philadelphia. After high school, Brenner spent two years in the U. S. Army, serving in the 101st Airborne and as a cryptographer of the 595th Signal Corps in Böblingen, Germany. After being discharged, he attended Temple University, where he majored in mass communication and his first paid gig was at The Improv in June 1969, and following that he frequently performed at clubs in Greenwich Village. After making his television debut in 1971, on The Tonight Show, he became the shows most frequent guest. He guest-hosted for Johnny Carson 75 times between 1975 and 1984, placing him fifth on the list of Carsons most frequent guest hosts, Brenner was ranked No.53 on Comedy Central Presents,100 Greatest Stand-Ups of All Time. At one point, he had appeared more often on major TV talk shows than any other entertainer and he also wrote five books, and starred in four HBO Specials. Brenner was the star of the 1976 TV series Snip, which was inspired by the film Shampoo and set in a hair dressing salon. The situation comedy was cancelled by NBC before it aired due to its inclusion in the supporting cast of what would have one of the first gay characters in an American situation comedy. He also played a charity ball auctioneer in the 1989 romantic comedy Worth Winning, in 1986, King World Entertainment gave Brenner his own 30-minute syndicated late-night talk show, Nightlife, in an attempt to compete with Carson, but it was cancelled after one season. The show premiered September 8,1986, on 102 stations and was touted as alternative, filmed in Manhattan and featuring a casually dressed Brenner, it was unique among the late night talk genre for not having a monologue. It gave some comedians, such as Bobby Slayton, their national television premieres, in later years he appeared on both MSNBC and Fox News Channel shows commenting on current events. The Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia named Brenner their Person of the Year in 1984, from 1994 to 1996, Brenner hosted a talk-radio program, taking over the timeslot of the long-running Larry King Show on the Mutual Broadcasting System. He had earlier hosted a weekly radio show, David Brenner Live. His friend, comedian Richard Lewis, described Brenner as the king of hip, Brenner had three children—Cole, Slade and Wyatt. He and the mother of Cole, his first son, fought a battle for several years. Brenner finally won custody in 1992. Brenner married Elizabeth Slater of New York, the mother of his sons Slade and Wyatt, in the minutes of his David Brenner
23.
Peter Coyote
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Peter Coyote is an American actor, author, director, screenwriter and narrator of films, theatre, television and audiobooks. His voice work includes narrating the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics and he has also served as on-camera co-host of the 2000 Oscar telecasts. He has often compared with actor Henry Fonda. Coyote was one of the founders of the Diggers, an anarchist improv group active in Haight-Ashbury during the mid-1960s, Coyote became a member, and later chairman, of the California Arts Council from 1975 to 1983. In the late 1970s, he shifted from acting on stage to acting in films, in the 1990s and 2000s, he acted in several television shows. He speaks fluent Spanish and French, Coyote was born in New York City, the son of Ruth and Morris Cohon, an investment banker. His father was of Sephardic Jewish descent and his mother came from a working-class Ashkenazi Jewish family and her father, trained as a rabbi in Russia, escaped being drafted into the Imperial Russian Army, and eventually ran a small candy store in the Bronx. Coyote was raised in an intellectual, cultural but unreligious family. He grew up in Englewood, New Jersey and graduated from the Dwight Morrow High School there in 1960, Coyote later said that he was half black and half white inside due to the strong influence of Susie Nelson, his familys African-American housekeeper. Kennedy invited the group into the White House, the first time protesters had ever been so recognized, the group received wide press coverage. They mimeographed the resulting headlines and sent them to college in the United States. While still at Grinnell College, Coyote ingested peyote and had a hallucination in which he saw his footprints as coyote paw-prints. A few years later, he came across Coyotes Journal, a poetry magazine and it was this that caused him to change his name to Coyote, after meeting Rolling Thunder, a self-styled shaman, who felt that the experience was spiritually significant. Coyote acted, wrote scripts, and directed in the Mime Troupe, Coyote directed the first cross-country tour of The Minstrel Show, Civil Rights in a Cracker Barrel, a controversial play closed by authorities in several cities. They created provocative theater events designed to heighten awareness of problems associated with the notion of property, consumerism. They fed nearly 600 people a day for free, asking only that people pass through a six-foot by six-foot square known as The Free Frame of Reference and they ran a Free Store, a Free Medical Clinic, and even a short-lived Free Bank. The Diggers evolved into a known as the Free Family. Coyote was the best known resident of the Black Bear Ranch commune in Siskiyou County and he was a friend of Rolling Thunder, a Shoshone Medicine man
24.
Olympia Dukakis
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Olympia Dukakis is an American actress. She started her career in theater, and won an Obie Award for Best Actress in 1963 for her Off-Broadway performance in Bertolt Brechts Man Equals Man. She later transitioned to acting and in 1987 she won an Academy Award, a Golden Globe. She received another Golden Globe nomination for Sinatra, and an Emmy Award nominations for Lucky Day, More Tales of the City, Dukakis was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, the daughter of Alexandra and Constantine S. Dukakis. Her parents were Greek immigrants, her father originally from Anatolia and she is an alumna of Arlington High School in Arlington, Massachusetts, and was educated at Boston University. Dukakis has held a career in a number of films, including Steel Magnolias, Mr. Hollands Opus, the Thing About My Folks, and Moonstruck, for which she won an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress. She appears as Dolly Sinatra in the mini-series of Frank Sinatras life and her Broadway theatre credits include Whos Who in Hell, Social Security, and the one-woman play Rose. Her theater, film, and television work has won her an Obie Award, a Drama Desk Award, a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award. Dukakis won Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Moonstruck and was nominated for the Canadian Academy Award for The Event and she provided the voice of Grandpas love interest for The Simpsons episode The Old Man and the Key. In 2003, Dukakis published her national bestselling autobiography Ask Me Again Tomorrow and she recently directed the world premiere production of Todd Logans Botanic Garden at Victory Gardens Theatre in Chicago, Illinois. In the 2008 season of Hartford Stage, Dukakis starred in the revival of Tennessee Williams The Milk Train Doesnt Stop Here Anymore, opposite Kevin Anderson. In 2008, Dukakis also co-adapted and starred in the world-premiere of Another Side of the Island, based on Shakespeares The Tempest, at Alpine Theatre Project in Whitefish and she starred in and executive-produced the 2013 film Montana Amazon, co-starring Haley Joel Osment. In 2011, Dukakis guest-starred on Law & Order, Special Victims Unit and she played the role of Debby Marsh, an attorney. On May 24,2013, she was honored with the 2, 498th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6233 Hollywood Boulevard, Dukakis has been married to actor Louis Zorich since 1962. Olympia Dukakis at the Internet Movie Database Olympia Dukakis at the Internet Broadway Database Olympia Dukakis at the Internet Off-Broadway Database Olympia Dukakis at the TCM Movie Database \
25.
Richard Lewis (comedian)
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Richard Philip Lewis is an American stand-up comedian and actor. Lewis was born Richard Phillip Lewis in Brooklyn, New York and was raised in Englewood and his father worked as a caterer and his mother was an actress. He later attended Ohio State University, Lewis began performing stand-up comedy in the 1970s. He worked as a copywriter for an ad agency by day, the ad agency was named Contemporary Graphics and was located above Loveys pizzeria in Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey. Lewis gained popularity in the 1980s with numerous appearances on Late Night with David Letterman and he starred with Jamie Lee Curtis in Anything but Love, which ran for four seasons. He co-starred with Don Rickles on Daddy Dearest and he had a recurring role in Rude Awakening, as Rabbi Richard Glass in 7th Heaven, and appeared in the Tales from the Crypt episode Whirlpool. Lewis has written articles for magazines such as Playboy, and endorsed the popular early-1990s beverage Boku, as well as Snapple. In 2007, he made an appearance as Phillip in George Lopez. Recently, he made cameos in Everybody Hates Chris as an old man in the hospital bed next to Chris Rock and as Charlie Sheens accountant in Two. Lewis has also achieved success in films, appearing as Prince John in Robin Hood, Men in Tights. As an unemployed actor in Once Upon A Crime and as himself in The Wrong Guys and he played the lead role of Jimmy Epstein in Drunks and in Game Day. Lewis also appeared in the dramatic pictures Leaving Las Vegas, Hugo Pool and he made his acting debut in Diary of a Young Comic. On January 9,2001, Lewis visited The Howard Stern Show to promote his book The Other Great Depression, Lewis has been sober since August 4,1994. He had a frequent recurring role as a character based on himself in Curb Your Enthusiasm, larry David and Lewis met at summer camp in Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York when they were 13. He is #45 on Comedy Centrals list of 100 Greatest Standups of All Time, Lewis claims to be the originator of the phrase The ______ from hell as in the night from hell, the date from hell or the roommate from hell. This theory is expounded in the Curb Your Enthusiasm episode The Nanny from Hell, Lewis has petitioned the editors of Bartletts to be given credit for the coinage, but the editors claim that the phrase was a common idiom prior to Lewiss use of it. For example, during World War I, kilted Scottish soldiers were given the nickname The Ladies from Hell by German troops, however, the Yale Book of Quotations does erroneously attribute the phrase to Lewis. Lewis is noted for wearing an all-black outfit
26.
Barbra Streisand
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Barbara Joan Barbra Streisand is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and filmmaker. She is among a group of entertainers who have been honored with an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award. Streisand is one of the music artists of all time, with more than 68.5 million albums in the United States. She starred in the critically acclaimed Funny Girl, for which she won the Academy Award, with the release of Yentl in 1983, Streisand became the first woman to write, produce, direct, and star in a major studio film. The film won an Oscar for Best Score and a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Musical, Streisand received the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, the first woman to win that award. The RIAA and Billboard recognize Streisand as holding the record for the most top 10 albums of any recording artist. According to Billboard, Streisand holds the record for the female with the most number one albums, Billboard also recognizes Streisand as the greatest female of all time on its Billboard 200 chart and one of the greatest artists of all time on its Hot 100 chart. Barbara Joan Streisand was born on April 24,1942, in Brooklyn, New York and her mother had been a soprano singer in her youth and considered a career in music, but later became a school secretary. Her father was a school teacher at the same school. Streisands family was Jewish, her grandparents emigrated from Galicia and her maternal grandparents from the Russian Empire. Her father earned a degree from City College of New York in 1928 and was considered athletic. As a student, he spent his summers outdoors, once working as a lifeguard, hed try anything, his sister Molly said. He married Ida in 1930, two years after graduating, and became a respected educator with a focus on helping underprivileged. In August 1943, a few months after Streisands first birthday, her father died suddenly at age 34 from complications from an epileptic seizure, the family fell into near-poverty, with her mother working as a low-paid bookkeeper. As an adult, Streisand remembered those early years as always feeling like an outcast, explaining and her mother tried to pay their bills but could not give her daughter the attention she craved, When I wanted love from my mother, she gave me food, Streisand says. Streisand recalls that her mother had a voice and sang semi-professionally on occasion. During a visit to the Catskills when Streisand was thirteen, she told Rosie ODonnell, she and that session was the first time Streisand ever asserted herself as an artist, which also became her first moment of inspiration as an artist. She has a brother, Sheldon, and a half-sister
27.
Adele
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Adele Laurie Blue Adkins MBE is an English singer-songwriter. After graduating from the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in 2006, in 2007, she received the Brit Awards Critics Choice award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll. Her debut album,19, was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success and it is certified seven times platinum in the UK, and three times platinum in the US. An appearance she made on Saturday Night Live in late 2008 boosted her career in the US, at the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009, Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. She released her studio album,21, in early 2011. The album has been certified 16 times platinum in the UK, in the US, it has held the top position longer than any album since 1985, and is certified diamond. The album has sold over 31 million copies worldwide, the success of 21 earned Adele numerous mentions in the Guinness Book of World Records. 21 is the number one album by a female solo artist in the history of the UK. In 2012, Adele released Skyfall, which she co-wrote and recorded for the James Bond film of the same name. The song won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, after taking a three-year break, Adele released her third studio album,25, in 2015. It became the years best-selling album and broke first week records in the UK. 25 was her album to be certified diamond in the US and earned her five Grammy Awards, including her second Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The lead single, Hello, became the first song in the US to sell one million digital copies within a week of its release. Her third concert tour, Adele Live 2016, visited Europe, North America and Oceania, in 2011,2012 and 2016, Billboard named Adele Artist of the Year. In 2012, she was listed at five on VH1s 100 Greatest Women in Music. Time magazine named her one of the most influential people in the world in 2012 and 2016, with sales of more than 100 million records, Adele is one of the best-selling recording artists in the world. Adele Laurie Blue Adkins was born on 5 May 1988 in Tottenham, London, to an English mother, Penny Adkins, Evans left when Adele was two, leaving her mother to raise her. She began singing at age four and asserts that she became obsessed with voices, growing up, Adele spent most of her time singing rather than reading, the last book she read was Roald Dahls Matilda when she was six years old
28.
David Warner (actor)
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He has a worldwide following for his many appearances in the Star Trek TV and feature-film franchise. In 1981, he won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Special for his portrayal of Pomponius Falco in the television miniseries Masada. Warner was born in Manchester, England, the son of Ada Doreen and Herbert Simon Warner and he was born out of wedlock and frequently taken to be brought up by each of his parents, eventually settling with his Russian Jewish father and his stepmother. He was educated at Feldon School, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire and trained for the stage at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, London. In March 1962 at the Belgrade Theatre, Coventry, he played Conrad in Much Ado About Nothing, following which in June he appeared as Jim in Afore Night Come at the New Arts Theatre in London. At the Aldwych Theatre, London, in January 1964, he again played Henry VI in the complete The Wars of the Roses history cycle. Returning to Stratford in April, he performed the role in Richard II, Mouldy in Henry IV, Part 1. At the Aldwych in October 1964, he was cast as Valentine Brose in the play Eh. by Henry Livings and he first played the title role in Hamlet at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre in 1965. This production was transferred to the Aldwych Theatre in December of that year, in the 1966 Stratford season, his Hamlet was revived and he also played Sir Andrew Aguecheek in Twelfth Night. Finally at the Aldwych in January 1970, he played Julian in Tiny Alice, another early television role came when he starred alongside Bob Dylan in the 1963 play Madhouse on Castle Street. A major step in his career was the role in Morgan, A Suitable Case for Treatment opposite Vanessa Redgrave. In horror films, he appeared in one of the stories of From Beyond the Grave, opposite Gregory Peck in The Omen as the ill-fated photojournalist Keith Jennings, and he also starred in cult classic Waxwork, and featured alongside a young Viggo Mortensen in the 1990 film Tripwire. He was also cast against type as Henry Niles in Straw Dogs, in 1981, Warner received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Special for Masada as Pomponius Falco. In 1988, he appeared in the Danny Huston film Mr. North, in 2001, he played Captain James Sawyer in two episodes of A&Es adaptation of C. S. Foresters Hornblower series. He appeared in three episodes of the season of Twin Peaks as Thomas Eckhardt. He also continues to play classical roles, in Chain of Command, a 6th-season episode of Star Trek, The Next Generation, he was a Cardassian interrogator. He based his portrayal on the evil re-educator from 1984 and his less-spectacular roles included a double-role in the low-budget fantasy Quest of the Delta Knights which was eventually spoofed on Mystery Science Theater 3000. He also played Admiral Tolwyn in the version of Wing Commander
29.
Niall Horan
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Niall James Horan is an Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist, best known as a member of the boy band One Direction. In 2010, Horan auditioned as a solo artist for the series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor. The five-piece band made it to the final and finished in third place, even though they did not win, One Direction was signed by Simon Cowell to a reported £2 million Syco record contract. In the latter, he played guitar. M. Temporary Fix and Never Enough for the fifth album Made in the A. M. He released his first single as a solo artist, This Town, Niall James Horan was born on 13 September 1993 in Mullingar, Ireland. His parents, Bobby Horan and Maura Gallagher, divorced when he was five years old, so he and they later decided to move definitely with their father. He attended St. Kennys National School primary school and, as a teen, Coláiste Mhuire, a Catholic boys school which are both located in or near Mullingar. Horan started playing guitar when his brother got one for Christmas but failed to play it, so Horan started to play with it and his aunt discovered his talent one day when she was in the car with Niall as he started singing. She originally thought the radio was on, as a teenager he performed at the Mullingar Arts Centre. He was also bagging a support slot with former X Factor contestant Lloyd Daniels at the famous Academy club in Dublin, in 2010, at sixteen years old, Niall auditioned for the seventh series of The X Factor in Dublin. He sang So Sick, and received mixed comments from the judges, Louis Walsh was in his favour, but Cheryl Cole and guest judge Katy Perry, felt he needed some time to grow. Simon voted to let him through, Cheryl said no, and Louis quickly added in his yes and she decided to vote yes, and Niall was put through to bootcamp. At bootcamp, Niall sang Champagne Supernova, but failed to qualify for the Boys category, Niall, along with Harry Styles, Liam Payne, Louis Tomlinson and Zayn Malik, formed One Direction. Styles came up with the name, which he thought would sound good when announcer Peter Dickson read their name out on the live shows. Subsequently, the group got together for two weeks to get to each other and to practice. For their qualifying song at judges houses and their first song as a group, Simon Cowell later commented that the performance convinced him that the group were confident, fun, like a gang of friends, and kind of fearless as well. Within the first four weeks of the shows, they were Cowells last act in the competition
30.
Frankie Howerd
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Francis Alick Frankie Howerd, OBE was an English comedian and comic actor whose career, described by fellow comedian Barry Cryer as a series of comebacks, spanned six decades. Howerd was born the son of soldier Francis Alfred William and Edith Florence Howard, at the City Hospital in York, England and he was educated at Shooters Hill Grammar School in Woolwich, London. His first stage appearance was at age 13 but his hopes of becoming a serious actor were dashed when he failed an audition for RADA. He began to entertain during World War II service in the British Army and it was at this time that he adapted his surname to Howerd to be different. In 1944 he became a bombardier in Plymouth, was promoted to sergeant, despite suffering from stage fright, he continued to work after the war, beginning his professional career in the summer of 1946 in a touring show called For the Fun of It. His act was soon heard on radio, when he made his debut, in early December 1946 and his profile rose in the immediate postwar period. In 1954, he made his debut opposite Petula Clark in The Runaway Bus. The film was so low-budget that it could not afford scenery, the film, however, was an immediate hit, even though Howerd never established a major film presence thereafter. After suffering a breakdown at the start of the 1960s, he began to recover his old popularity. He was boosted further by success on That Was the Week That Was in 1963 and on stage with A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, which led into regular television work. In 1966 and 1967, he co-hosted a 90-minute Christmas show called The Frankie and Bruce Christmas Show with Bruce Forsyth, during the 1960s and 1970s, he was involved in shows for the BBC and Thames Television. Ray Galton and Alan Simpson wrote for him from 1964 to 1966 when he worked for the BBC and also for a show for Thames, Frankie Howerd meets the Bee Gees. He was famous for his seemingly off-the-cuff remarks to the audience, which was a direct follow-up from Forum. His television work was characterised by direct addresses to camera and by his littering monologues with verbal tics such as Oooh, no missus, a later sale of his scripts, however, showed that the seemingly off-the-cuff remarks had all been meticulously planned. Barry Cryer said of his technique, What he could do with a script was amazing and he knew exactly what he was doing. Another feature of his humour was to feign innocence about his obvious and risqué double entendres, Howerd appeared as Francis Bigger, one of the lead characters in 1967s Carry On Doctor. The success of the version of Up Pompeii in 1971 saw British exhibitors vote him the ninth most popular star at the British box office that year. He would play versions of the character Lurkio in Up the Chastity Belt, also in 1971, the song was included in the 2004 CD re-issue of Oh
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Mariah Carey
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Mariah Carey is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. In 1990, Carey rose to fame with the release of Vision of Love from her eponymous debut album, the album produced four chart-topping singles in the US and began what would become a string of commercially successful albums which solidified the singer as Columbias highest selling act. Carey and Boyz II Men spent a record sixteen weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100 in 1995–1996 with One Sweet Day, following a contentious divorce from Sony Music head Tommy Mottola, Carey adopted a new image and traversed towards hip hop with the release of Butterfly. In 1998, she was honored as the worlds best-selling recording artist of the 1990s at the World Music Awards, Carey parted with Columbia in 2000, and signed a record-breaking $100 million recording contract with Virgin Records America. In the weeks prior to the release of her film Glitter and its soundtrack in 2001. The project was received and led to a general decline in the singers career. Careys recording contract was out for $50 million by Virgin. After a relatively unsuccessful period, she returned to the top of music charts with The Emancipation of Mimi, Carey once again ventured into film with a well-received supporting role in Precious, and was awarded the Breakthrough Performance Award at the Palm Springs International Film Festival. Throughout her career, Carey has sold more than 200 million records worldwide, according to the RIAA, she is the third-best-selling female artist in the United States, with 63.5 million certified albums. With the release of Touch My Body, Carey gained her 18th number-one single in the United States, in 2012, the singer was ranked second on VH1s list of the 100 Greatest Women in Music. Mariah Carey was born in Huntington, New York, to Patricia and her mother is of Irish descent, while her father had African-American and Afro-Venezuelan ancestry. The surname Carey was adopted by her Venezuelan grandfather, Francisco Núñez, Patricia was an occasional opera singer and vocal coach before she met Alfred in 1960. As he began earning a living as an engineer, the couple married later that year. After their elopement, Patricias family disowned her for marrying a black man, Carey later explained that she felt neglected by her maternal family while growing up, which affected her greatly. In the years between the births of Careys older sister Alison and herself, the Carey family struggled within the community due to their ethnicity, Careys name was derived from the song They Call the Wind Maria, originally from the 1951 Broadway musical Paint Your Wagon. When Carey was three, her parents divorced, after their separation, Alison moved in with her father, while the other two children, Mariah and brother Morgan, remained with their mother. Carey grew apart from her father and would stop seeing him altogether. By age four, she recalled that she had begun to sneak the radio under her covers at night, during elementary school, she excelled in subjects that she enjoyed, such as music, art, and literature, but did not find interest in others
