A stanchion is a sturdy upright fixture that provides support for some other object. It can be a permanent fixture.
Stanchions and velvet rope
Cup'ik kayak stanchions, collection of the University of Alaska Museum of the North
Fire hydrant locator in Cartierville.
Fire hydrant locator in Laval
A bollard is a sturdy, short, vertical post. The term originally referred to a post on a ship or quay used principally for mooring boats. It now also refers to posts installed to control road traffic and posts designed to prevent automotive vehicles from colliding or crashing into pedestrians and structures.
Mooring bollards, such as this one in the Hudson River, were the first type of bollard. The use of the term has since expanded.
East India House, Leadenhall Street, London: an engraving of 1766. Six bollards stand in front of the building.
The Arch of Septimius Severus in Rome, painted by Canaletto in 1742. Five bollards stand beyond the arch, apparently placed to protect it from vehicle damage.
Merwede-Canal, Utrecht, Netherlands features bollards made from cannons.