Standing on the shoulders of giants
The phrase "standing on the shoulders of giants" is a metaphor which means "using the understanding gained by major thinkers who have gone before in order to make intellectual progress".
In Greek mythology, the blind giant Orion carried his servant Cedalion on his shoulders to see for him.
An illustration of New Testament evangelists on the shoulders of Old Testament prophets, looking up at the Messiah (from the south rose window of Chartres Cathedral)
The quote is most often attributed to Sir Isaac Newton in a letter to his rival, Robert Hooke
Cedalion on Orion's shoulders in a 1658 painting by Nicolas Poussin
John of Salisbury, who described himself as Johannes Parvus, was an English author, philosopher, educationalist, diplomat and bishop of Chartres.
John of Salisbury teaching philosophy
A page from the Metalogicon