Stanisław August Poniatowski
Stanisław II August, known also by his regnal Latin name Stanislaus II Augustus, and as Stanisław August Poniatowski, was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1764 to 1795, and the last monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Personal coat of arms
Aged 14
Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, Poniatowski's mentor, by John Giles Eccardt
Grand Duchess Catherine Alexeyevna, 1745, by Louis Caravaque
Catherine II, most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was the reigning empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. She came to power after overthrowing her husband, Peter III. Under her long reign, inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment, Russia experienced a renaissance of culture and sciences, which led to the founding of many new cities, universities, and theatres, along with a large-scale immigration from the rest of Europe and with the recognition of Russia as one of the great powers of Europe.
Catherine the Great, c. 1780s
1764, Rouble Catherine II ММД - Krasny Mint
Young Catherine soon after her arrival in Russia, by Louis Caravaque, 1745
Portrait of the Grand Duchess Ekaterina Alekseyevna (the future Catherine the Great) around the time of her wedding, by Georg Christoph Grooth, 1745