1.
Q (Star Trek)
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Q is a fictional character in Star Trek, The Next Generation, Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, and Star Trek, Voyager, as well as in related media. In all of these programs, he is portrayed by John de Lancie, like his fellow Q, he is said to be nigh-omnipotent, and he is continually evasive regarding his true motivations. The true nature of the realm is said to be beyond the comprehension of lesser beings such as humans, beginning with the pilot episode Encounter at Farpoint of The Next Generation, Q became a recurring character, with pronounced comedic and dramatic chemistry between Jean-Luc Picard and himself. He serves as a major antagonist throughout The Next Generation, playing a role in both the first and final episodes. Other times, notably during Deja Q and Voyager, Q appears to the crew seeking assistance, gene Roddenberry chose the letter Q in honor of his friend, Janet Quarton. Q later inspired the My Little Pony, Friendship is Magic antagonist Discord, in Qs debut Encounter at Farpoint, he puts Picard and the Enterprise crew on trial, arguing that humanity is a dangerous race and should be destroyed. When they later save the life of an alien, Q agrees to defer judgement. Qs next appearance was later in the first season, in the episode Hide and Q, Q believes that humanity has the potential to one day evolve beyond the Q, and he wants to understand how. He settles on Picards first officer, Commander Riker, but Q fails to trigger the evolution, thereby losing a wager with Picard, Q is bound by the terms of the wager to stay out of humanitys path forever. Q instantly vanishes, but continues to appear in episodes as if the wager never occurred. In Q Who, he offers to divest himself of his powers and guide humanity through uncharted regions, Picard argues that Qs services are unneeded, and Q rebuts him by teleporting the USS Enterprise to a distant system for their first encounter with the Borg. Unable to resist the Borg, Picard must ask Q to save the ship, Q returns the Enterprise home and tells Picard that other men would rather have died than ask for help. The Star Trek, The Next Generation Companion states that the Borg already knew about Earth and were en route. The Star Trek, Enterprise episode, Regeneration, explains that the encounter in system J-25 intensified the Borgs interest in humanity, Qs actions stabilized the time stream by creating a different cause for the Borgs awareness of the Federation. In the original reality, Cochranes warnings go unheeded, in Déjà Q, Q is punished by the Q Continuum by being made mortal, his committing of an uncharacteristically selfless act garners the return of his powers. In the same episode, Q says that Picard is the closest thing in this universe that I have to a friend. Toward the end of The Next Generation, Q is less antagonistic toward Picard, even, in Tapestry, apparently saving Picard, in the series finale, All Good Things. Q gives Picard a helping hand in saving humanity by helping him figure out what is causing antitime to flow into the universe which will inevitably stop humanity from ever being born
2.
Star Trek
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Star Trek is an American science fiction media franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called Star Trek and now referred to as The Original Series, debuted in 1966 and it followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk and his crew aboard the starship USS Enterprise, an exploration vessel. The Star Trek canon of the franchise include The Original Series, a series, four spin-off television series, its film franchise. In creating Star Trek, Roddenberry was inspired by the Horatio Hornblower novels, the satirical book Gullivers Travels and these adventures continued in the short-lived Star Trek, The Animated Series and six feature films. The adventures of The Next Generation crew continued in four feature films. In 2009, the franchise underwent a reboot set in an alternate timeline, or Kelvin Timeline. This film featured a new cast portraying younger versions of the crew from the show, their adventures were continued in the sequel film. The thirteenth film feature and sequel, Star Trek Beyond, was released to coincide with the franchises 50th anniversary, a new Star Trek TV series, titled Star Trek, Discovery, will premiere in May 2017 on the digital platform CBS All Access. Star Trek has been a phenomenon for decades. Fans of the franchise are called Trekkies or Trekkers, the franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games, figurines, novels, toys, and comics. Star Trek had an attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998. At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world, the series has its own full-fledged constructed language, Klingon. Several parodies have been made of Star Trek, in addition, viewers have produced several fan productions. As of July 2016, the franchise had generated $10 billion in revenue, Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction. The franchise is also noted for its civil rights stances. The Original Series included one of televisions first multiracial casts, Star Trek references can be found throughout popular culture from movies such as the submarine thriller Crimson Tide to the animated series South Park. As early as 1964, Gene Roddenberry drafted a proposal for the series that would become Star Trek
3.
Pocket Books
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Pocket Books is a division of Simon & Schuster that primarily publishes paperback books. Pocket Books produced the first mass-market, pocket-sized paperback books in America in early 1939, Pocket Books was founded by Richard L. Simon, M. Lincoln Schuster and Leon Shimkin, partners of Simon & Schuster, along with Robert de Graff. In 1944, the owners sold the company to Marshall Field III. Following Fields death, in 1957, Leon Shimkin, a Simon & Schuster partner, Simon & Schuster acquired Pocket in 1966. Penguins success inspired entrepreneur Robert de Graff, who partnered with publishers Simon & Schuster to bring it to the American market, the format size, and the fact that the books were glued rather than stitched, were cost-cutting innovations.5 million units. Robert de Graff continued to refine his selections with movie tie-ins and greater emphasis on mystery novels, particularly those of Christie, Pocket and its imitators thrived during World War II because material shortages worked to their advantage. During the war, Pocket sued Avon Books for copyright infringement, among other issues, in 1981, Dr. Benjamin Spocks Baby and Child Care was listed as their top seller having sold 28 million copies at that time and having been acquired in 1946. Pocket is still known for publishing works of fiction based on movies or TV series, such as the Star Trek franchise. The author credited for one of the Buffy products is Gertrude Pocket, Pocket Books is also the division that currently owns publication rights to the well-known work of James OBarr, The Crow. WWE Books Official Pocket Star eBooks website A history of the paperback
4.
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E)
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The USS Enterprise is a fictional vessel. It is a Sovereign-class starship in the Star Trek franchise and it appears only in the films Star Trek, First Contact, Star Trek, Insurrection and Star Trek Nemesis, where it serves as the primary setting. It is the sixth Federation starship to carry the name Enterprise, the Enterprise-E, a Sovereign class starship, launched in 2372 from the San Francisco Fleet Yards under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard. Picard and most of the key officers were from Enterprise-D, according to the non-canon novel Ship of the Line, the originally planned name for the vessel was USS Honorious, and Montgomery Scott was part of the team of engineers that designed the Enterprise-E. The Borg hijacked and almost assimilated the ship until Captain Picard, in Star Trek, Insurrection, the crew stops a Sona attempt to forcibly relocate the Baku people from their homeworld. In Star Trek Nemesis, the Enterprise is heavily damaged while stopping Shinzon from using a weapon of destruction to destroy all life on Earth. The ship returns to spacedock to undergo extensive repairs, in the novels published by Pocket Books after Nemesis, the Enterprise-E remains under the command of Picard as of 2385 in the 2013 novel miniseries Star Trek, The Fall. Data was resurrected in the novels similarly to the comic miniseries Countdown, a designers blueprints show that the Enterprise has new phaser banks and torpedo launchers in Star Trek Nemesis that were not present in Star Trek, Insurrection. It also shows the warp nacelles have been moved upwards and forward slightly, Star Trek, Ships of the Line, written by Star Treks technical consultant Michael Okuda, states that the Enterprise can travel at up to warp 9.995. Captain Jean-Luc Picard Captain of the Enterprise from the launch in 2372. Commander William Thomas Riker First officer of the Enterprise from its launch in 2372, promoted to Captain in 2379, and left the Enterprise with his wife, Ships Counselor Commander Deanna Troi, to take command of the USS Titan. Lieutenant Commander Data Data was Operations Officer from its launch in 2372, Commander Deanna Troi Commander Troi was the ships Counselor from its launch in 2372, until the end of Star Trek, Nemesis, when she departed with her new husband, Captain Riker, for the Titan. Commander Beverly Crusher, M. D. Crusher was the ships Chief Medical Officer from its launch in 2372, in the non-canon 2007 novel Death in Winter, she again took a position as head of Starfleet Medical, but returned to the Enterprise in the novel Resistance. Lieutenant Commander Geordi LaForge Chief Engineer from the acceptance into Starfleet service. Lieutenant Reginald Barclay Present during the events of Star Trek, First Contact, lieutenant Hawk Flight Controller until assimilation by the Borg and death at the hands of Worf in Star Trek, First Contact
5.
Worf
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Worf, son of Mogh is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise. Worf is the first Klingon main character to appear in Star Trek and he is played by the actor Michael Dorn. Initially, Worf was not intended to be a regular character, accordingly, the June 1,1987 cast portrait did not include Worf. Several tall, slim, black actors auditioned for Worf before Michael Dorn came along, walking into the audition in character, the House of Mogh was a family of high social and political rank which was for a time represented on the Klingon High Council. In Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country, Colonel Worf appears as the advocate of Captain James T. Kirk and Dr. Leonard McCoy after they are accused of killing Chancellor Gorkon of the Klingon High Council and he was also a member of the Klingon delegation at Camp Khitomer. Although not explicitly stated, he was intended to be Worfs grandfather, Worf was born in 2340 on QonoS as the son of Mogh. Five years later, his parents moved to the Khitomer colony, Worfs parents were killed during a surprise attack by the Romulans on the Khitomer outpost. The colonys distress call was answered by the Federation starship USS Intrepid, Chief Petty Officer Sergey Rozhenko found Worf in the rubble and took him in after failing to find any living relatives. Rozhenko and his wife Helena raised him on a farm colony on the planet Gault. Worf also has a brother, Nikolai, with whom he often quarreled. He also spent time on Earth in his parents native city of Minsk, Worf did not take the Rozhenkos last name, preferring to be addressed by the Klingon designation Worf, son of Mogh. However, his son Alexander Rozhenko, who was raised by the Rozhenkos after his mother KEhleyr died, although Worf was raised by humans, he considered himself a Klingon at heart and studied the ways of his people. As an adult, his mannerisms and personality, as well as his sense of honor. Worfs brother Kurn, barely a year old at the time of the Khitomer attack, had left behind on the Klingon homeworld QonoS by his parents. Lorgh, a friend to House of Mogh, was charged with the care of the younger son, lorgh adopted Kurn after the attack, but informed Klingon authorities that he had died with the rest of the family. Kurn was not revealed as being alive until both brothers were adults, in 2357, Worf entered Starfleet Academy. He graduated in 2361 and was commissioned with the rank of Ensign, although Worf took immense pride and a sense of honor from serving in Starfleet, most other Klingons shunned and belittled his choice of vocation
6.
Deep Space Nine (fictional space station)
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Deep Space Nine is a fictitious space station, and is the eponymous primary setting of the American science fiction television series Star Trek, Deep Space Nine. It serves as a base for the exploration of the Gamma Quadrant via the Bajoran wormhole and it is run by a joint crew of Starfleet and Bajoran officers, and it is the home port of a number of Starfleet runabouts, as well as the starship USS Defiant. Three sets of docking pylons sweep up and down equidistantly around the ring, defining an almost spherical shape. It is of identical design to another Cardassian station, Empok Nor and this made the station three hours away from Bajor by shuttle as described in two episodes, though it was mentioned as being five hours away in another episode. However, it would appear that the journey could be completed in a shorter length of time if necessary by engaging warp drive within the Bajoran star system. There are normally about 300 permanent residents of the station, though the station can accommodate up to 7,000, originally a Cardassian mining and refinery station named Terok Nor in orbit around Bajor, it was built by Bajoran slave labor under Cardassian rule in 2346. The station was commanded by Gul Dukat, the last Cardassian prefect of Bajor and it was abandoned toward the end of the Cardassian occupation of Bajor in 2369, the Cardassians removed anything of value on their way out. In 2369, the Bajorans assumed control of the station, the Bajoran provisional government requested the assistance of the United Federation of Planets, who renamed it Deep Space Nine and placed Commander Benjamin Sisko in command. Despite the Federation presence, the station remains subject to Bajoran law, shortly after Sisko assumed command, his crew discovered the Bajoran wormhole. The station was moved to the mouth of the wormhole to secure Bajors claim to it, after which the station assumed great commercial, the stations weapons and defensive systems were later heavily upgraded. The total torpedo inventory was increased to 5,000 and these upgrades were first used against the Klingons in their offensive against Cardassia in early 2372. At the beginning of the Dominion War in late 2373, the station was temporarily lost to the Dominion, in early 2374, Federation and Klingon forces retook it after the Battle of Bajor. In late 2375, at the end of the Dominion War, in the continuing story novels, DS9 was forced to jettison its power core due to the actions of rebel JemHadar. As one of his first actions as chief of operations of the station, Nog had Empok Nor towed to the stations location, the remainder of Empok Nor was broken down for scrap and spare parts. Later, DS9 would host Bajors formal acceptance into the Federation, in the year 2383, DS9 – while under the command of Captain Ro Laren – was destroyed by a fleet of vessels belonging to the Typhon Pact. In honor of the station, and the Bajoran people, Starfleet Command, in 2370, the station is the command post for the Alliance authority throughout the Bajoran sector, under the command of Intendant Kira Nerys. The station also serves as a center for uridium ore mined from Bajor. In 2372, the Terran Rebellion wrests control of the station away from the Alliance, the Alliance, determined to recapture the station, sends a fleet under Regent Worf to fight the rebels
7.
Jean-Luc Picard
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Jean-Luc Picard is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise, most often seen as Captain of the starship USS Enterprise-D. He is most notably portrayed by actor Patrick Stewart, after the success of the contemporary Star Trek feature films, a new Star Trek television series featuring a new cast was announced on October 10,1986. Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry named Picard for one or both of the twin brothers Auguste Piccard and Jean Felix Piccard, 20th-century Swiss scientists, Patrick Stewart, who has a background of theatre at the Royal Shakespeare Company, was initially considered for the role of Data. Roddenberry did not want to cast Stewart as Picard, since he had envisioned an actor who was masculine, virile and he had his toupee delivered from London to meet with Paramount executives, but Roddenberry ordered Stewart to remove the awful looking hairpiece. Stewarts stentorian voice impressed the executives, who approved the casting. As the series progressed, Stewart exercised more control over the characters development, there was a sort of double action that occurred. In one sense Picard was expanding like this and at the time he was also growing closer and closer to me as well. I became a better listener than I ever had been as a result of playing Jean Luc Picard because it was one of the things that he does terrifically well, Stewart stated, however, that he is not nearly as serious or brooding as his alter ego. Stewart also stated, One of the delights of having done this series, several years after the series has ended. I enjoy hearing how much people enjoyed the work we did and its always gratifying to me that this bald, middle-aged Englishman seems to connect with them. Stewart has also commented that his role has helped open up Shakespeare to science fiction fans. He has noted the presence of Trekkies in the audience whenever he plays theater. And they say, Ive never seen Shakespeare before, I didnt think Id understand it, jean-Luc Picard was born to Maurice and Yvette Picard in La Barre, France, on 13 July 2305, and he dreamed of joining Starfleet. He and the rest of his family speak English, with English accents—the French language having become obscure by the 24th century, as mentioned in the Next Generation episode Code of Honor. Shortly after graduation, Picard was stabbed in the heart by a Nausicaan, leaving the organ irreparable and requiring replacement with a parthenogenetic implant, Picard eventually served as first officer aboard the USS Stargazer, which he later commanded. During that time, he invented a warp-speed starship battle tactic that would become known as the Picard Maneuver, though such resolutions are usually peaceful, Picard is also shown using his remarkable tactical cunning in situations when it is required. Picard has a fondness for stories, Shakespearean drama. He is frequently shown drinking Earl Grey tea and issuing the order, Make it so, or, Star Trek, The Next Generation depicts Picards command of the USS Enterprise
8.
Star Trek: Voyager
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Star Trek, Voyager was an American science fiction television series set in the Star Trek universe. The series takes place during the years 2371 to 2378 and it follows the adventures of the Starfleet vessel USS Voyager, which becomes stranded in the Delta Quadrant while searching for a renegade Maquis ship. Voyager has to make the estimated 75-year journey home, Voyager was produced for seven seasons, from 1995 to 2001, and is the first and only Star Trek TV series with a female captain, Kathryn Janeway, as the lead character. Berman served as executive producer in charge of the overall production for the series during its entire run. He was assisted by a second in command executive producer who generally functioned as the day-to-day showrunner, four were used throughout the series run, Michael Piller, Jeri Taylor, Brannon Braga, and Kenneth Biller. Star Trek, Voyager aired on UPN and was the networks second-longest running series, some streaming services also show the pilot as a single episode rather than splitting it up into two parts. As Star Trek, The Next Generation ended, Paramount Pictures wanted to continue to have a second Star Trek TV series to accompany Star Trek, the studio also planned to start a new television network, and wanted the new series to help it succeed. This was reminiscent of Paramounts earlier plans to launch its own network by showcasing Star Trek, Phase II in 1977. Initial work on Star Trek, Voyager began in 1993, when the seventh and final season of Star Trek, The Next Generation, Voyager was shot on the stages The Next Generation had used, and where the Voyager pilot Caretaker was shot in September 1994. Costume designer Robert Blackman decided that the uniforms of Voyagers crew would be the same as those on Deep Space Nine, Star Trek, Voyager was the first Star Trek series to use computer-generated imagery, rather than models, for exterior space shots. SeaQuest DSV and Babylon 5 had previously used CGI to avoid the expense of models, amblin Imaging won an Emmy for Voyagers opening CGI title visuals, but the weekly episode exteriors were captured with hand-built miniatures of Voyager, its shuttlecraft, and other ships. This changed when Voyager went fully CGI for certain types of shots midway through season three, Foundation Imaging was the studio responsible for special effects during Babylon 5s first three seasons. Season threes The Swarm was the first episode to use Foundations effects exclusively, Star Trek, Deep Space Nine began using Foundation Imaging in conjunction with Digital Muse one year later. In its later seasons, Voyager featured visual effects from Foundation Imaging, the digital effects were produced at television resolution and therefore the series cannot be re-released in HD format without re-creating the special effects. In the pilot episode, Caretaker, USS Voyager departs the Deep Space Nine space station on a mission into the treacherous Badlands. They are searching for a ship piloted by a team of Maquis rebels, which Voyagers security officer. There, Voyager finds the Maquis ship, and eventually the two reluctantly agree to join forces to survive their journey home. Chakotay, leader of the Maquis group, becomes Voyagers first officer, BElanna Torres, a half-human/half-Klingon Maquis, becomes chief engineer
9.
Star Trek: The Next Generation
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Star Trek, The Next Generation is an American science fiction television series in the Star Trek franchise created by Gene Roddenberry that ran between 1987 and 1994. Roddenberry, Maurice Hurley, Rick Berman, Michael Piller and Jeri Taylor served as producers at different times throughout its production. The series involves a starship named Enterprise and is set in the regions of the Milky Way galaxy. The first episode takes place in the year 2364,100 years after the start of the mission described in the original series. It features a new cast and a new starship Enterprise, the fifth to bear the name within the franchises storyline and these are the voyages of the starship Enterprise. Its continuing mission, to strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations. TNG premiered the week of September 28,1987, drawing 27 million viewers, in total,176 episodes were made, ending with the two-hour finale All Good Things. The week of May 23,1994, the series was broadcast in first-run syndication with dates and times varying among individual television stations. Three additional Star Trek spin-offs followed The Next Generation, Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, Star Trek, Voyager, and Star Trek, Enterprise. The series formed the basis for the seventh through to the tenth of the Star Trek films, and is also the setting of novels, comic books. In its seventh season, Star Trek, The Next Generation became the first, the series received a number of accolades including 19 Emmy Awards, two Hugo Awards, five Saturn Awards, and a Peabody Award. The series follows the adventures of a crew on board the starship USS Enterprise, the fifth Federation vessel to bear the name and registry. The series is set about 70 years after the mission of the original Enterprise crew under the command of James T. Kirk. Beverly Crusher, conn officer Lieutenant Geordi La Forge, and junior officer Lieutenant Worf, the death of Lieutenant Yar in the series first season prompts an internal shuffle of personnel, making Worf official chief of security. Geordi La Forge is promoted to engineer at the beginning of season 2. The series begins with the crew of the Enterprise-D put on trial by a nefarious, the god-like entity threatens the extinction of mankind for being a race of savages, forcing them to solve a mystery at nearby Farpoint Station to prove their worthiness to be spared. After successfully solving the mystery and avoiding disaster, the crew departs on its mission to explore strange new worlds. Subsequent stories focus on the discovery of new life and sociological and political relationships with alien cultures, several new species are introduced as recurring antagonists, including the Ferengi, the Cardassian, and the Borg
10.
Star Trek Generations
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Star Trek Generations is a 1994 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures. Generations is the feature film based on Star Trek, and is the first film in the series to star the cast of the television series Star Trek. Captain Jean-Luc Picard of the USS Enterprise-D teams up with his predecessor Captain James T, Kirk to stop a villain from destroying a planet. Parts of the film were shot at the Valley of Fire State Park near Overton, Nevada, Paramount Studios, while the film received mixed reviews from critics, it performed well at the box office. In the year 2293, retired Captain James T. Kirk, Montgomery Scott, during the voyage, Enterprise is pressed into a rescue mission to save two El-Aurian ships from a strange energy ribbon. Enterprise is able to some of the refugees before their ships are destroyed. In 2371, the crew of the USS Enterprise-D celebrate the promotion of Worf to Lieutenant Commander, Captain Jean-Luc Picard receives a message that his brother and nephew were killed in a fire, meaning the storied Picard family line will end with him. Enterprise receives a call from an observatory in orbit of the star Amargosa. The android Data and engineer Geordi La Forge discover a compound called trilithium in a room of the observatory. Soran appears, knocks La Forge unconscious, and launches a solar probe at Amargosa. The probe causes the star to implode, sending a shock wave toward the observatory, Data is rescued just before the station is destroyed by the shock wave. Guinan, Enterprises bartender, tells Captain Jean-Luc Picard more about Soran, Guinan explains that Soran is obsessed with reentering the Nexus, an extra-dimensional realm where time has no meaning and anyone can experience whatever they desire. Upon entering the Veridian system, Enterprise makes contact with the Duras Bird of Prey, Picard offers himself to the sisters in exchange for La Forge, but insists that he be transported to Sorans location first. La Forge is returned to Enterprise, but he inadvertently reveals Enterprises shield frequency, Enterprise destroys the Bird of Prey, but has sustained irreversible damage to its warp core. Commander William Riker orders an evacuation to the saucer section of the ship which separates from the star drive. The shock wave from the star drives destruction sends the saucer crashing to the surface of Veridian III, Picard fails to talk Soran out of his plan and is too late to stop him from launching his missile. The collapse of the Veridian star alters the course of the Nexus ribbon as predicted, in the Nexus, Picard finds himself surrounded by the family he never had, including a wife and children, but realizes it is an illusion. He is confronted by an echo of Guinan, after being told that he may leave whenever he chooses and go wherever and whenever he wishes, Guinan sends him to meet Kirk, also safe in the Nexus
11.
Antimatter
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In particle physics, antimatter is a material composed of the antiparticle partners to the corresponding particles of ordinary matter. A particle and its antiparticle have the mass as one another. For example, a proton has positive charge while an antiproton has negative charge, the consequence of annihilation is a release of energy available for heat or work, proportional to the total matter and antimatter mass, in accord with the mass–energy equivalence equation, E = mc2. Formally, antimatter particles can be defined by their negative baryon number or lepton number and these two classes of particles are the antiparticle partners of one another. Antimatter particles bind with one other to form antimatter, just as ordinary particles bind to form normal matter, for example, a positron and an antiproton can form an antihydrogen atom. Physical principles indicate that complex antimatter atomic nuclei are possible, as well as corresponding to the known chemical elements. There is considerable speculation as to why the universe is composed almost entirely of ordinary matter. This asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the universe is one of the great unsolved problems in physics. The process by which this inequality between matter antimatter particles developed is called baryogenesis, Antimatter in the form of anti-atoms is one of the most difficult materials to produce. Individual antimatter particles, however, are produced by particle accelerators. The nuclei of antihelium have been produced with difficulty. These are the most complex anti-nuclei so far observed, the idea of negative matter appears in past theories of matter that have now been abandoned. Using the once popular theory of gravity, the possibility of matter with negative gravity was discussed by William Hicks in the 1880s. Between the 1880s and the 1890s, Karl Pearson proposed the existence of squirts, the squirts represented normal matter and the sinks represented negative matter. Pearsons theory required a fourth dimension for the aether to flow from, the term antimatter was first used by Arthur Schuster in two rather whimsical letters to Nature in 1898, in which he coined the term. He hypothesized antiatoms, as well as whole antimatter solar systems, schusters ideas were not a serious theoretical proposal, merely speculation, and like the previous ideas, differed from the modern concept of antimatter in that it possessed negative gravity. The modern theory of antimatter began in 1928, with a paper by Paul Dirac, Dirac realised that his relativistic version of the Schrödinger wave equation for electrons predicted the possibility of antielectrons. These were discovered by Carl D. Anderson in 1932 and named positrons, although Dirac did not himself use the term antimatter, its use follows on naturally enough from antielectrons, antiprotons, etc
12.
Parallel universe (fiction)
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A parallel universe is a hypothetical self-contained reality co-existing with ones own. A specific group of parallel universes are called a multiverse, although this term can also be used to describe the parallel universes that constitute reality. The term parallel universe is more general, without any connotations implying a relationship, or lack of relationship, the actual quantum-mechanical hypothesis of parallel universes is universes that are separated from each other by a single quantum event. Fantasy has long borrowed an idea of world from myth, legend. Heaven, Hell, Olympus, and Valhalla are all alternative universes different from the material realm. Plato reflected deeply on the realities, resulting in Platonism. The lower reality is similar but with flaws, modern fantasy often presents the concept as a series of planes of existence where the laws of nature differ, allowing magical phenomena of some sort on some planes. This concept was found in ancient Hindu mythology, in texts such as the Puranas. S. Lewis or even the beyond-the-reflection travel in the two works of Lewis Carroll. P. Lovecraft and the Doom computer game series, or Warhammer/40K miniature, in such stories, the nature of this other reality is often left mysterious, known only by its effect on our own world. One of the first Sci-Fi examples is Murray Leinsters Sidewise in Time, while this is a common treatment in Sci-Fi, it is by no means the only presentation of the idea, even in hard science fiction. One motif is that the way time flows in a parallel universe may be very different, picking a genre becomes less a matter of setting, and more a matter of theme and emphasis, the parts of the story the author wishes to explain and how they are explained. Narnia is clearly a fantasy, and the TV series Sliders is clearly science fiction, while technically incorrect, and looked down upon by hard science-fiction fans and authors, the idea of another dimension has become synonymous with the term parallel universe. The usage is common in movies, television and comic books. The idea of a world was first introduced in comic books with the publication of The Flash #123. In written science fiction, new dimensions more commonly – and more accurately – refer to coordinate axes. By proposing travel along these axes, which are not normally perceptible. Abbott wrote the seminal novel exploring this concept called Flatland, A Romance of Many Dimensions, isaac Asimov, in his foreword to the Signet Classics 1984 edition, described Flatland as The best introduction one can find into the manner of perceiving dimensions
13.
Faster-than-light
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Faster-than-light communication and travel refer to the propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light. The special theory of relativity implies that only particles with zero rest mass may travel at the speed of light, although according to current theories matter is still required to travel subluminally with respect to the locally distorted spacetime region, apparent FTL is not excluded by general relativity. Examples of apparent FTL proposals are the Alcubierre drive and the traversable wormhole and this is not quite the same as traveling faster than light, since, Some processes propagate faster than c, but cannot carry information. Neither of these phenomena violates special relativity or creates problems with causality, in the following examples, certain influences may appear to travel faster than light, but they do not convey energy or information faster than light, so they do not violate special relativity. For an Earthbound observer, objects in the sky complete one revolution around the Earth in 1 day, Proxima Centauri, which is the nearest star outside the solar system, is about 4 light-years away. On a geostationary view, Proxima Centauri has a speed many times greater than c as the rim speed of an object moving in a circle is a product of the radius and angular speed. It is also possible on a view for objects such as comets to vary their speed from subluminal to superluminal. Comets may have orbits which take out to more than 1000 AU. The circumference of a circle with a radius of 1000 AU is greater than one light day, in other words, a comet at such a distance is superluminal in a geostatic, and therefore non-inertial, frame. If a laser beam is swept across a distant object, the spot of light can easily be made to move across the object at a speed greater than c. Similarly, a shadow projected onto a distant object can be made to move across the object faster than c, in neither case does the light travel from the source to the object faster than c, nor does any information travel faster than light. However, uniform motion of the source may be removed with a change in reference frame, causing the direction of the static field to change immediately. This is not a change of position which propagates, and thus this change cannot be used to transmit information from the source, no information or matter can be FTL-transmitted or propagated from source to receiver/observer by an electromagnetic field. The rate at which two objects in motion in a frame of reference get closer together is called the mutual or closing speed. This may approach twice the speed of light, as in the case of two particles travelling at close to the speed of light in opposite directions with respect to the reference frame. Imagine two fast-moving particles approaching each other from opposite sides of an accelerator of the collider type. The closing speed would be the rate at which the distance between the two particles is decreasing, from the point of view of an observer standing at rest relative to the accelerator, this rate will be slightly less than twice the speed of light. Special relativity does not prohibit this and it tells us that it is wrong to use Galilean relativity to compute the velocity of one of the particles, as would be measured by an observer traveling alongside the other particle
14.
Black hole
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A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it. The theory of relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundary of the region from which no escape is possible is called the event horizon, although the event horizon has an enormous effect on the fate and circumstances of an object crossing it, no locally detectable features appear to be observed. In many ways a black hole acts like a black body. Moreover, quantum theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation. This temperature is on the order of billionths of a kelvin for black holes of stellar mass, objects whose gravitational fields are too strong for light to escape were first considered in the 18th century by John Michell and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Black holes were considered a mathematical curiosity, it was during the 1960s that theoretical work showed they were a generic prediction of general relativity. The discovery of neutron stars sparked interest in gravitationally collapsed compact objects as a possible astrophysical reality, black holes of stellar mass are expected to form when very massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycle. After a black hole has formed, it can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings, by absorbing other stars and merging with other black holes, supermassive black holes of millions of solar masses may form. There is general consensus that supermassive black holes exist in the centers of most galaxies, despite its invisible interior, the presence of a black hole can be inferred through its interaction with other matter and with electromagnetic radiation such as visible light. Matter that falls onto a black hole can form an accretion disk heated by friction. If there are other stars orbiting a black hole, their orbits can be used to determine the black holes mass, such observations can be used to exclude possible alternatives such as neutron stars.3 million solar masses. On 15 June 2016, a detection of a gravitational wave event from colliding black holes was announced. The idea of a body so massive that light could not escape was briefly proposed by astronomical pioneer John Michell in a letter published in 1783-4. Michell correctly noted that such supermassive but non-radiating bodies might be detectable through their effects on nearby visible bodies. In 1915, Albert Einstein developed his theory of general relativity, only a few months later, Karl Schwarzschild found a solution to the Einstein field equations, which describes the gravitational field of a point mass and a spherical mass. A few months after Schwarzschild, Johannes Droste, a student of Hendrik Lorentz, independently gave the solution for the point mass. This solution had a peculiar behaviour at what is now called the Schwarzschild radius, the nature of this surface was not quite understood at the time
15.
Star Trek V: The Final Frontier
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Star Trek V, The Final Frontier is a 1989 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures. It is the feature film based on Star Trek. The film was directed by cast member William Shatner, following two films directed by his co-star, Leonard Nimoy, Shatner also developed the initial storyline in which Sybok searches for God but instead finds an alien being. The script went through revisions to please the cast and studio. Despite a writers-guild strike cutting into the films pre-production, Paramount commenced filming in October 1988, production problems plagued the film on set and during location shooting in Yosemite National Park and the Mojave Desert. The films ending was reworked because of poor test-audience reaction and the failure of planned special effects, Jerry Goldsmith, composer for Star Trek, The Motion Picture, returned to score The Final Frontier. The Final Frontier was released in North America on June 9,1989 and it had the highest-opening gross of any film in the series at that point and was number one in its first week at the box office, but its grosses quickly dropped in subsequent weeks. The film received mixed to poor reviews by critics on release. The next entry in the series, Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country, the crew of the newly commissioned USS Enterprise are enjoying shore leave after the starships shakedown cruise goes poorly. At Yosemite National Park James T. Kirk, recently demoted back to Captain after the events of the two films, is camping with Spock and Dr. Leonard McCoy. Their leave is interrupted when the Enterprise is ordered by Starfleet Command to rescue human, Klingon, learning of the Enterprises mission, the Klingon Captain Klaa decides to pursue Kirk for personal glory. On Nimbus III, the Enterprise crew discovers that renegade Vulcan Sybok, Sybok reveals the hostage situation was a ruse to lure a starship to Nimbus III. Sybok wants to use a ship to reach the mythical planet Sha Ka Ree, the place where creation began, Sybok uses his unique ability to reveal and heal the innermost pain of a person through the mind meld to subvert the wills of the hostages and crew members. Only Spock and Kirk prove resistant to Sybok, Spock is unmoved by the experience and Kirk refuses the Vulcans offer, Sybok reluctantly declares a truce with Kirk, realizing he needs his leadership experience to navigate the Enterprise to Sha Ka Ree. The Enterprise successfully breaches the barrier, pursued by Klaas vessel, Sybok, Kirk, Spock, and McCoy journey to the surface, where Sybok calls out to his perceived vision of God. An entity appears, and when told of how Sybok breached the barrier, when a skeptical Kirk inquires, What does God need with a starship. The entity attacks him in retribution, the others doubt a god who would inflict harm on people for pleasure. Realizing his foolishness, Sybok sacrifices himself in an effort to combat the creature, intent on stopping the being, Kirk orders the Enterprise to fire a photon torpedo at their location, to little effect
16.
The Last Outpost (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
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The Last Outpost is the fifth episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek, The Next Generation, originally aired within the United States on October 19,1987. The episode was written by Herbert Wright, based on a story by Richard Krzemien, the guest cast included Armin Shimerman, Jake Dengel and Tracey Walter. Although this was Shimermans first appearance as a Ferengi, he had filmed his first appearance in an uncredited role in Haven. He would later gain the role of the Ferengi Quark in the main cast of Star Trek, set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, the Enterprise pursue a Ferengi starship to the planet Gamma Tauri IV, away teams from each vessel beam down to the planet where they find an automated system left behind by the Tkon Empire. This episode marked the first on-screen appearance of the Ferengi, who had mentioned earlier in the series. Their look was created by Andrew Probert with modifications by Michael Westmore, the tattoo design was created by Mike Okuda, while Probert was also responsible for the design of their starship. The Ferengi were criticised by reviewers following broadcast, and later reviewers had a negative opinion of the episode. The Enterprise is in pursuit of a Ferengi vessel which has stolen an energy converter from an unmanned Federation outpost. While the Ferengi were known to the Federation, this is the first contact with the species, as the chase passes the planet Delphi Ardu IV, both ships suffer power drains causing them to come to a halt. Data reports that the planet seems to have once been a remote outpost of the Tkon Empire that became extinct 600,000 years ago, picard contacts the Ferengi and gets them to agree to mutually explore the planet below to try to find the source of the energy drain. On the planet, the team is momentarily separated due to effects of the energy field on the transporters. They regroup but are attacked and bound by the Ferengi, who believe the Enterprise crew was planning an ambush of their own, the away team break free, and begin to exchange weapon fire, but the energy expelled is absorbed by a nearby crystalline structure. Data investigates the tree and awakens an entity that displays itself as a humanoid and calls itself Portal 63, Portal 63 asks the two groups if they seek to enter the Tkon Empire, and does not comprehend when it is told that the Tkon have long since disappeared. Riker responds with a quote from Sun Tzu, Fear is the true enemy, Portal 63 accepts this and stands down from the challenge, satisfied that the Federation is civilized, and allows the Enterprise to go free. It further offers Riker the opportunity to destroy the Ferengi vessel, both away teams return to their ships with power restored, and the Ferengi return the stolen energy converter. As a means of thanks, Riker suggests sending the Ferengi a box of Chinese finger traps. The creator of Star Trek, Gene Roddenberry, decided early on that he did not want to repeat the adversaries from Star Trek, to this extent, the bible produced before the start of the show stated categorically No stories about warfare with Klingons or Romulans
17.
James T. Kirk
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James Tiberius Jim Kirk is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise. Kirk first appears in Star Trek, The Original Series and has portrayed in numerous films, books, comics, webisodes. As the captain of the starship USS Enterprise, Kirk leads his crew as they explore where no man has gone before, often, the characters of Spock and Leonard McCoy act as his logical and emotional sounding boards, respectively. Kirk, played by William Shatner, first appears in the broadcast pilot episode, The Man Trap, Shatner continued in the role for the shows three seasons, and later provided the voice of the animated version of Kirk in Star Trek, The Animated Series. Shatner returned to the role for Star Trek, The Motion Picture, chris Pine portrays a young version of the character in the 2009 reboot Star Trek film, with Jimmy Bennett playing Kirk as a child. Pine reprised his role in Star Trek Into Darkness and in Star Trek Beyond, other actors have played the character in fan-created media, and the character has been the subject of multiple spoofs and satires. The character has been praised for his leadership traits and criticized for his relationships with women, James Tiberius Kirk was born in Riverside, Iowa, where he was raised by his parents, George and Winona Kirk. Although born on Earth, Kirk lived for a time on Tarsus IV, James Kirks brother, George Samuel Kirk, is first mentioned in What Are Little Girls Made Of. and introduced and killed in Operation, Annihilate. Kirk was granted a commission as an ensign and posted to advanced training aboard the USS Republic. He was then promoted to lieutenant junior grade and returned to Starfleet Academy as a student instructor, students could either think or sink in his class, and Kirk himself was a stack of books with legs. Upon graduating in the top five percent, Kirk was promoted to lieutenant and he received his first command, a spaceship roughly equivalent to a destroyer, while still quite young. Kirk became Starfleets youngest captain after receiving command of the USS Enterprise for a five-year mission, Kirks most significant relationships in the television series are with first officer Spock and chief medical officer Dr. Leonard Bones McCoy. McCoy is someone to whom Kirk unburdens himself and is a foil to Spock, robert Jewett and John Shelton Lawrences The Myth of the American Superhero describes Kirk as a hard-driving leader who pushes himself and his crew beyond human limits. Terry J. Erdman and Paula M, although Kirk throughout the series becomes romantically involved with various women, when confronted with a choice between a woman and the Enterprise, his ship always won. Roddenberry wrote in a memo that Kirk is not afraid of being fallible. J. M. Dillards novel The Lost Years describes Kirks promotion to rear admiral, in Star Trek, The Motion Picture, Kirk is chief of Starfleet operations, and he takes command of the Enterprise from Captain Willard Decker. Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberrys novelization of The Motion Picture depicts Kirk married to a Starfleet officer killed during a transporter accident. At the beginning of Star Trek II, The Wrath of Khan, Kirk takes command of the Enterprise from Captain Spock to pursue his enemy from Space Seed, the movie introduces Kirks son, David Marcus
18.
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-A)
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USS Enterprise is a starship in the fourth, fifth, sixth films of the Roddenberry era and later in the alternative timeline film Star Trek Beyond. Enterprise-A used the shooting model as the preceding NCC-1701. When first unveiled in the sequences of Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home. On October 5–7,2006, Christies auctioned off many of the used in the Star Trek films. In that auction the model of Enterprise-A used for the films was sold for $240,000, the Constitution-class starship Enterprise-A was commissioned in 2286, at the end of the events depicted in Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home. It is the second Federation starship to carry the name Enterprise, the ship is placed under the command of newly demoted Captain James T. Kirk as punishment for his and his crews actions in the rescue of Captain Spock in Star Trek III and it replaces the original Enterprise, destroyed in Star Trek III. In Star Trek V, The Final Frontier, the ship is dispatched to rescue hostages on Nimbus III. The Vulcan renegade Sybok and his followers hijack the ship and take it to a planet at the center of the galaxy, several novels and comics explore the six-year period between the fifth and sixth films. In Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country, Enterprise escorts Klingon chancellor Gorkon to a summit on Earth. The renegade Klingon general Chang, assisted by traitors aboard Enterprise, the Klingons take Kirk and Leonard McCoy prisoner, Spock and Enterprise crew disregard Starfleet orders and instead rescue Kirk and McCoy. Enterprise encounters and, with aid from USS Excelsior, destroys Changs ship, the film concludes with Starfleet ordering a return to Spacedock to be decommissioned, an order which Kirk and the crew gleefully disregard. There is no information about the ships fate beyond Star Trek VI. In the epilogue of Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country, however, she may have been speaking only of the ships original crew members as Captain James T. Documentation provided with the Bandai model states that the ship was displayed in the Starfleet Museum at Memory Alpha, ultimately, Enterprise is destroyed to prevent Drakes completion of a disastrous personal agenda. Enterprise was already under construction at the time of its predecessors arrival at Star base Yorktown, following the destruction of its predecessor, its crew was reassigned to the NCC-1701-A after its completion. A new design for Enterprise NCC-1701-A appears in Star Trek Beyond, USS Enterprise at Memory Alpha USS Enterprise at Memory Alpha
19.
Data (Star Trek)
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Data is a character in the fictional Star Trek franchise. He appears in the television series Star Trek, The Next Generation and the feature films Star Trek, Generations, Star Trek, First Contact, Star Trek, Insurrection, Data is portrayed by actor Brent Spiner. Data was found by Starfleet in 2338 as a sole survivor on Omicron Theta in the rubble of a colony left after an attack from the Crystalline Entity and his positronic brain allows him impressive computational capabilities. This goal eventually led to the addition of a chip, also created by Soong. Gene Roddenberry told Brent Spiner that over the course of the series, Data was to more and more like a human until the end of the show, when he would be very close. That was the idea and thats the way that the writers took it, Spiner felt that Data exhibited the Chaplinesque characteristics of a sad, tragic clown. To get into his role as Data, Spiner used the character of Robby the Robot from the film Forbidden Planet as a role model. Commenting on Datas perpetual albino-like appearance, he said, I spent more hours of the day in make-up than out of make-up, Spiner also portrayed Datas manipulative and malignant brother Lore, and Datas creator, Dr. Noonien Soong. Additionally, he portrayed another Soong-type android, B-4, in the film Star Trek Nemesis, Spiner said his favorite Data scene takes place in Descent, when Data plays poker on the holodeck with a re-creation of the famous physicist Stephen Hawking, played by Hawking himself. Spiner reprised his role of Data in the Star Trek, Enterprise series finale These Are the Voyages. in a speaking part. Spiner felt that he had aged out of the role. Dialog in Datalore establishes some of Datas backstory and it is stated that he was deactivated in 2336 on Omicron Theta before an attack by the Crystalline Entity, a spaceborne creature which converts life forms to energy for sustenance. He was found and reactivated by Starfleet personnel two years later, Data went to Starfleet Academy from 2341–45 and then served in Starfleet aboard the USS Trieste. He was assigned to the Enterprise under Captain Jean-Luc Picard in 2364, in Datalore, Data discovers his amoral brother, Lore, and learns that he was created after Lore. Lore fails in an attempt to betray the Enterprise to the Crystalline Entity, in Brothers, Data reunites with Dr. Soong. There he meets again with Lore, who steals the emotion chip Soong meant for Data to receive, Lore returns in the two-part episode Descent, using the emotion chip to control Data and make him help with Lores attempt to make the Borg entirely artificial lifeforms. Data eventually deactivates Lore, and recovers, but does not install the damaged emotion chip, in The Measure of a Man, a Starfleet judge rules that Data is not Starfleet property. The episode establishes that Data has a capacity of 800 quadrillion bits
20.
USS Voyager (Star Trek)
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The fictional Intrepid-class starship USS Voyager is the primary setting of the science fiction television series Star Trek, Voyager. It is commanded by Captain Kathryn Janeway, Voyager was designed by Star Trek, Voyager production designer Richard D. James and illustrator Rick Sternbach. Most of the ships on-screen appearances result from computer-generated imagery, although Tony Meinenger built a model used in the series, the principal model of Voyager used for filming sold at Christies auction in 2006 for USD $132,000. The crews first orders were to track down a Maquis ship in the Badlands, an alien force called the Caretaker transports both Voyager and the Maquis vessel across 70,000 light-years to the Delta Quadrant, damaging Voyager and killing several crewmembers. To prevent a genocide of the Ocampans, Janeway orders the destruction of a device that could transport Voyager, stranded, and with the Maquis ship also destroyed, both crews must integrate and work together for the anticipated 75-year journey home. Starfleet Command eventually becomes aware of the presence in the Delta Quadrant and is later able to establish regular communication. After a seven-year journey, the returns to the Alpha Quadrant via a Borg transwarp conduit with the aid of the time-traveling Admiral Kathryn Janeway from an alternate future. USS Voyager was launched with 141 crew on board, as of 2377, the crew complement was at 146, having gained some crew from the Maquis, the Equinox, Samantha Wildmans child Naomi, and several liberated Borg drones, including Seven of Nine and Icheb. Several recurring characters include Naomi Wildman, the Captains Assistant and daughter of Ensign Samantha Wildman, and the Borg children, Icheb, Mezoti, Azan, the 15-deck,700,000 tonne Voyager was built at the Utopia Planitia Fleet Yards and launched from Earth Station McKinley. Voyager is equipped with bio-neural gel packs, designed to increase processing speed and better organize processed information, the ship had 47 spare gel packs and could not replicate additional packs. The ship also has two holodecks, Voyager was the first ship to be equipped with a class-9 warp drive, which was intended to be tested in deep space, allowing for a maximum sustainable speed of Warp 9.975. Variable geometry pylons allow Voyager and other Intrepid class ships to exceed warp 5 without damaging subspace, like the Galaxy Class, Voyagers warp nacelles are below the primary hull. Voyager is capable of planetary landings, unlike the Galaxy Class, the ship cannot separate the saucer during an emergency, instead, it ejects the warp core. Voyager includes an Emergency Medical Hologram programmed with a library of more than 5 million different medical treatments from 2,000 medical references and 47 physicians, the hologram itself is generated by a series of holographic emitters installed in sickbay. Voyagers EMH is eventually able to leave due to a piece of 29th century technology commonly referred to as the mobile emitter. The ship is equipped with 38 photon torpedoes with type VI warheads. Quantum torpedoes were also compatible with Voyagers launchers, with some modification, Voyager housed five standard torpedo launchers able to fire up to four torpedoes per launcher at once. In the final episode, an alternate future Kathryn Janeway equips the ship with transphasic torpedoes, several pieces of technology from the future were also installed in the final episode, courtesy of Admiral Janeway who went back in time to bring Voyager home
21.
Wormhole
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A wormhole is a solution of the Einstein field equations having a non-trivial structure linking separate points in spacetime, much like a tunnel with two ends, each at separate points in spacetime. Such connections are consistent with the General Theory of Relativity, yet their existence remains hypothetical, a wormhole may connect extremely long distances such as a billion light years or more, short distances such as a few meters, different universes, and/or different points in time. In 1921, Hermann Weyl proposed a theory in connection with mass analysis of electromagnetic field energy. The American theoretical physicist John Archibald Wheeler coined the term wormhole in 1957 and this analysis forces one to consider situations. Formalizing this idea leads to such as the following, taken from Matt Vissers Lorentzian Wormholes. Geometrically, wormholes can be described as regions of spacetime that constrain the incremental deformation of closed surfaces. For example, in Enrico Rodrigos The Physics of Stargates, a wormhole is defined informally as, the equations of the theory of general relativity have valid solutions that contain wormholes. Wormholes that could be crossed in both directions, known as traversable wormholes, would only be possible if exotic matter with energy density could be used to stabilize them. All four regions can be seen in a diagram that uses Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates. However, in 1962, John A. Wheeler and Robert W, according to general relativity, the gravitational collapse of a sufficiently compact mass forms a singular Schwarzschild black hole. In the Einstein–Cartan–Sciama–Kibble theory of gravity, however, it forms a regular Einstein–Rosen bridge and this theory extends general relativity by removing a constraint of the symmetry of the affine connection and regarding its antisymmetric part, the torsion tensor, as a dynamical variable. Torsion naturally accounts for the quantum-mechanical, intrinsic angular momentum of matter, the minimal coupling between torsion and Dirac spinors generates a repulsive spin–spin interaction that is significant in fermionic matter at extremely high densities. Such an interaction prevents the formation of a gravitational singularity, instead, the collapsing matter reaches an enormous but finite density and rebounds, forming the other side of the bridge. Many physicists, such as Stephen Hawking, Kip Thorne and others, the possibility of traversable wormholes in general relativity was first demonstrated in a 1973 paper by Homer Ellis and independently in a 1973 paper by K. A. Bronnikov. Ellis thoroughly analyzed the topology and the geodesics of the Ellis drainhole, showing it to be complete, horizonless, singularity-free. The drainhole is a manifold of Einsteins field equations for a vacuum space-time. The solution depends on two parameters, m, which fixes the strength of its field, and n. When m is set equal to 0, the gravitational field vanishes
22.
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
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Star Trek, Deep Space Nine is a science fiction television series set in the Star Trek universe in the Milky Way galaxy, in the years 2369–2375. In contrast to other Star Trek TV shows, it takes place on a space station instead of a starship, so as not to have two series with starships in the same time period. The show is noted for its characters, original and complex plots, and religious themes. It often showcased darker themes, less physical exploration of space, and, in later seasons, DS9 premiered in 1993 and ran for seven seasons until 1999. The series was created by Rick Berman and Michael Piller at the request of Brandon Tartikoff, as overall head of Star Trek production, Berman served as executive producer for the seriess entire run. Piller initially served as executive producer and showrunner, but left the series in 1995 to manage Star Trek Voyager. Writer Ira Steven Behr was promoted by Berman to replace Piller as showrunner, in addition to Berman, Piller, and Behr, key writers included Robert Hewitt Wolfe, Ronald D. Moore, Peter Allan Fields, Bradley Thompson, David Weddle, Hans Beimler and René Echevarria. DS9 began while Star Trek, The Next Generation was still on the air, the stations first appearance in TNG was during the sixth-season episode Birthright. In addition, two Next Generation characters, Miles OBrien and Worf, became members of DS9. The station also appeared in the Star Trek, Voyager pilot episode, each DS9 episode began with the same opening sequence. A small comet is traveling through deep space, leaving an icy trail. As shuttle craft are seen moving about, the ends with the wormhole seen opening. DS9 centers on the formerly Cardassian space station Terok Nor, the station is renamed Deep Space Nine, and a Starfleet crew is assigned to manage it. Deep Space Nine and Bajor quickly become a center for exploration, interstellar trade, political maneuvering, Deep Space Nine becomes a key military base for the Federation in the Dominion War, and is assigned the starship USS Defiant to aid in its protection. While its predecessors tended to restore the status quo ante at the end of episode, allowing out-of-order viewing, DS9 contains story arcs that span episodes. One installment often builds upon earlier ones, with several cliffhanger endings, Michael Piller considered this one of the seriess best qualities, allowing repercussions of past episodes to influence future events and forcing characters to learn that actions have consequences. This trend was especially noticeable toward the finale, by which time the show was intentionally scripted as a serial. Unlike Star Trek, The Next Generation, interpersonal conflicts were prominently featured in DS9, in Pillers words, People who come from different places—honorable, noble people—will naturally have conflicts
23.
Earth
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Earth, otherwise known as the World, or the Globe, is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets, according to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence, Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago. Earths gravity interacts with objects in space, especially the Sun. During one orbit around the Sun, Earth rotates about its axis over 365 times, thus, Earths axis of rotation is tilted, producing seasonal variations on the planets surface. The gravitational interaction between the Earth and Moon causes ocean tides, stabilizes the Earths orientation on its axis, Earths lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. About 71% of Earths surface is covered with water, mostly by its oceans, the remaining 29% is land consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes, rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. The majority of Earths polar regions are covered in ice, including the Antarctic ice sheet, Earths interior remains active with a solid iron inner core, a liquid outer core that generates the Earths magnetic field, and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics. Within the first billion years of Earths history, life appeared in the oceans and began to affect the Earths atmosphere and surface, some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4.1 billion years ago. Since then, the combination of Earths distance from the Sun, physical properties, in the history of the Earth, biodiversity has gone through long periods of expansion, occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events. Over 99% of all species that lived on Earth are extinct. Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary widely, over 7.4 billion humans live on Earth and depend on its biosphere and minerals for their survival. Humans have developed diverse societies and cultures, politically, the world has about 200 sovereign states, the modern English word Earth developed from a wide variety of Middle English forms, which derived from an Old English noun most often spelled eorðe. It has cognates in every Germanic language, and their proto-Germanic root has been reconstructed as *erþō, originally, earth was written in lowercase, and from early Middle English, its definite sense as the globe was expressed as the earth. By early Modern English, many nouns were capitalized, and the became the Earth. More recently, the name is simply given as Earth. House styles now vary, Oxford spelling recognizes the lowercase form as the most common, another convention capitalizes Earth when appearing as a name but writes it in lowercase when preceded by the. It almost always appears in lowercase in colloquial expressions such as what on earth are you doing, the oldest material found in the Solar System is dated to 4. 5672±0.0006 billion years ago. By 4. 54±0.04 Gya the primordial Earth had formed, the formation and evolution of Solar System bodies occurred along with the Sun
24.
Iridium
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Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group and it is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Although only certain molten salts and halogens are corrosive to solid iridium, finely divided iridium dust is more reactive. Iridium was discovered in 1803 among insoluble impurities in natural platinum, Smithson Tennant, the primary discoverer, named iridium for the Greek goddess Iris, personification of the rainbow, because of the striking and diverse colors of its salts. Iridium is one of the rarest elements in Earths crust, with production and consumption of only three tonnes. 191Ir and 193Ir are the two naturally occurring isotopes of iridium, as well as the only stable isotopes, the latter is the more abundant of the two. Iridium radioisotopes are used in some radioisotope thermoelectric generators, Iridium is found in meteorites in much higher abundance than in the Earths crust. Similarly, an anomaly in core samples from the Pacific Ocean suggested the Eltanin impact of about 2.5 million years ago. A member of the platinum metals, iridium is white, resembling platinum. Because of its hardness, brittleness, and very high melting point, solid iridium is difficult to machine, form, or work, thus powder metallurgy is commonly employed and it is the only metal to maintain good mechanical properties in air at temperatures above 1,600 °C. The measured density of iridium is only lower than that of osmium. Iridium is the most corrosion-resistant metal known, it is not attacked by almost any acid, aqua regia, molten metals, or silicates at high temperatures. It can, however, be attacked by some molten salts, such as cyanide and potassium cyanide, as well as oxygen. Iridium forms compounds in oxidation states between −3 and +9, the most common oxidation states are +3 and +4, well-characterized examples of the high +6 oxidation state are rare, but include IrF6 and two mixed oxides Sr 2MgIrO6 and Sr 2CaIrO6. In addition, it was reported in 2009 that iridium oxide was prepared under matrix isolation conditions by UV irradiation of an iridium-peroxo complex and this species, however, is not expected to be stable as a bulk solid at higher temperatures. The highest oxidation state, which is also the highest recorded for any element, is known in one cation, IrO+4. Iridium dioxide, IrO2, a powder, is the only well-characterized oxide of iridium. A sesquioxide, Ir 2O3, has described as a blue-black powder which is oxidized to IrO2 by HNO3
25.
Qpid
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Qpid is the 94th episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series Star Trek, The Next Generation, the 20th episode of the fourth season. The captain and Vash are reunited when the Enterprise hosts an archaeology symposium, enter Q, who offers to do Captain Picard a favor by getting him and his ladylove back together again. When Picard rejects the notion, Q transforms the captain into Robin Hood and sends him, Vash, Captain Picard is working late on a speech that he will present to visiting archaeologists when Counselor Troi tells him that the council members have arrived and been assigned quarters. Picard returns to his quarters and finds Vash waiting for him, the next morning, the two are sharing breakfast when Doctor Crusher arrives and offers to give Vash a tour. Vash expresses surprise and slight anger at the fact the Captain hasnt told his friends about her, after the reception, Q returns to repay Captain Picard for saving him in Déjà Q. Picard requests nothing, so Q decides to save Picard by testing Picards love for Vash, while Picard is addressing the delegates, Q transports the bridge crew to medieval England, where Captain Picard is Robin Hood and the bridge crew are the Merry Men. English soldiers attack the group and the retreats to the forest. Q assumes the role of the Sheriff of Nottingham and has imprisoned Vash, Picard must rescue Vash as she is sentenced to die for treason. Vash manipulates Sir Guy of Gisbourne into sparing her life by professing love, Picard realizes that if he does nothing, Vash will die. He orders his officers to remain in the woods, then disguises himself, Picard climbs up to the tower and through the window. The two bicker over the merits of Picards rescue plan, and Vash refuses to go, Picard begins to carry her away when a group enters. Picard is taken away by the guards, and Vash tries to send a message to Commander Riker, which is stopped by Q, at the chopping block, Picards officers reveal themselves disguised as monks and create a diversion. Picard and his staff prove themselves formidable fighters and win, Picard frees Vash, who leaves with Q to explore the galaxy. Q guarantees Vashs safety, with that, Picard considers Qs debt paid in full, Qpid at the Internet Movie Database Qpid at TV. com Qpid at Memory Alpha Qpid at StarTrek. com Qpid rewatch by Keith R. A. DeCandido And guest-starring. Robin Hood Large comparative study of Qpid and three other Robin Hood-related TV episodes
26.
Corbin Bernsen
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Corbin Dean Bernsen is an American actor and director, known for his work on television. He is known for his roles as divorce attorney Arnold Becker on the NBC drama series L. A. Law and he has also appeared regularly on other shows, including General Hospital and Cuts. Bernsen was born in North Hollywood, California, the son of Harry Bernsen, Jr. a Hollywood producer, and veteran soap actress Jeanne Cooper, who appeared on The Young and he graduated from Beverly Hills High School in 1972. Bernsen is also a double Bruin, having received both a BA in Theatre Arts in 1977 and an MFA in Playwriting in 1979 from the University of California, Los Angeles. After a two-year appearance on the opera, Ryans Hope, Bernsen was cast as lawyer Arnold Becker on the Steven Bochco television series. The series became a hit, and the role earned him Emmy and Golden Globe nominations, appearances on magazine covers and he remained on L. A. Law for the entire run of the show, until it ended in 1994. Bernsen appeared with the British actor Bruce Payne in the films Kounterfeit and Aurora and he starred as the title character, Dr. Alan Feinstone, in the horror film The Dentist and its sequel. Bernsen was also cast as prima donna third baseman, Roger Dorn, in the sports comedy Major League, Bernsen portrayed John Durant on General Hospital from September 2004 until the character was murdered in May 2006. Bernsen played Jack Sherwood on Cuts, appeared twice on Celebrity Mole and he appeared as Q2 on Star Trek, The Next Generation. He also had a role as Captain Owen Sebring on the military drama JAG. He directed, produced and appeared in the horror film Dead Air, Bernsen also co-starred in USAs Psych, playing the role of Henry Spencer, the father of the main character, Shawn Spencer. In the film Rust, Bernsen played a minister who returns to his hometown. He also appeared as a guest star in Switched at Birth, Bernsen was president and co-owner of Public Media Works, a new media company that develops entertainment for targeted fan bases. He directed and starred in Carpool Guy, the companys first film, it was targeted at soap opera fans, Bernsen then went on to form Team Cherokee Productions with Kyle MacDonald, the blogger behind one red paperclip. According to the book One Red Paperclip, in June 2006 and it was for this role that MacDonald eventually traded for a two-story farm house. In recent years, Bernsen has focused on making Christian-themed films and his first such film was Rust, released in 2010 by Sony Pictures. 25 Hill, the companys first title, was released in July 2012 and this was followed by 3 Day Test, Beyond the Heavens, and Christian Mingle. In October 2015 Bernsens debut novel was released by Pelican Book Group, the book, Rust, the Novel, is an adaptation of Bernsens 2010 feature film, Rust, in which he played the main character as well as served as writer and director
27.
Suzie Plakson
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Suzie Plakson is an American actress, singer, writer, poet, artist and coach. Born Susan Plaksin in Buffalo, New York, she was raised in Kingston and she began her career on the stage, and played four characters opposite Anthony Newley in the national revival tour of Stop the World, I Want to Get Off. She also played Marquise Theresa Du Parc in the Broadway production of La Bête, Plakson was a regular in the sitcom Love & War, playing sportswriter Mary Margaret Meg Tynan. She played the blue brontosaurus real estate agent Monica de Vertebrae on Dinosaurs, Plakson has had various recurring roles in sitcoms such as Mad About You, Everybody Loves Raymond, and How I Met Your Mother. She has acted in such as Disclosure, Red Eye. She wrote and performed a solo show, An Evening with Eve. Plakson penned and performed the alternative rock album DidnWannaDoIt. Produced by Jay Ferguson, and released the video of the song on YouTube. She wrote and recorded the audiobook/e-book, The Return of King Lillian, Suzie Plakson at the Internet Movie Database Suzie Plakson at StarTrek. com
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Human
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Modern humans are the only extant members of Hominina tribe, a branch of the tribe Hominini belonging to the family of great apes. Several of these hominins used fire, occupied much of Eurasia and they began to exhibit evidence of behavioral modernity around 50,000 years ago. In several waves of migration, anatomically modern humans ventured out of Africa, the spread of humans and their large and increasing population has had a profound impact on large areas of the environment and millions of native species worldwide. Humans are uniquely adept at utilizing systems of communication for self-expression and the exchange of ideas. Humans create complex structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families. Social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, and rituals. These human societies subsequently expanded in size, establishing various forms of government, religion, today the global human population is estimated by the United Nations to be near 7.5 billion. In common usage, the word generally refers to the only extant species of the genus Homo—anatomically and behaviorally modern Homo sapiens. In scientific terms, the meanings of hominid and hominin have changed during the recent decades with advances in the discovery, there is also a distinction between anatomically modern humans and Archaic Homo sapiens, the earliest fossil members of the species. The English adjective human is a Middle English loanword from Old French humain, ultimately from Latin hūmānus, the words use as a noun dates to the 16th century. The native English term man can refer to the species generally, the species binomial Homo sapiens was coined by Carl Linnaeus in his 18th century work Systema Naturae. The generic name Homo is a learned 18th century derivation from Latin homō man, the species-name sapiens means wise or sapient. Note that the Latin word homo refers to humans of either gender, the genus Homo evolved and diverged from other hominins in Africa, after the human clade split from the chimpanzee lineage of the hominids branch of the primates. The closest living relatives of humans are chimpanzees and gorillas, with the sequencing of both the human and chimpanzee genome, current estimates of similarity between human and chimpanzee DNA sequences range between 95% and 99%. The gibbons and orangutans were the first groups to split from the leading to the humans. The splitting date between human and chimpanzee lineages is placed around 4–8 million years ago during the late Miocene epoch, during this split, chromosome 2 was formed from two other chromosomes, leaving humans with only 23 pairs of chromosomes, compared to 24 for the other apes. There is little evidence for the divergence of the gorilla, chimpanzee. Each of these species has been argued to be an ancestor of later hominins
